def build_gate():
mx = np.identity(4, 'd')
mx2 = np.array(
[[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 0, -1, 0]], 'd')
evotype = 'default'
state_space = None # constructs a default based on size of mx
gate = op.ComposedOp([
op.StaticArbitraryOp(mx, evotype, state_space),
op.FullArbitraryOp(mx, evotype, state_space),
op.FullArbitraryOp(mx2, evotype, state_space),
op.StaticArbitraryOp(mx, evotype, state_space),
op.FullArbitraryOp(mx2, evotype, state_space)
])
# TODO does this need to be done?
dummyGS = ExplicitOpModel(['Q0'])
dummyGS.operations['Gcomp'] = gate # so to/from vector works
dummyGS.to_vector()
return gate
def __init__(self, operation):
"""
Create a new element based on `operation`
Parameters
----------
operation : LinearOperator
The operation to base this element on. It provides both parameterization
information and the gauge transformation matrix itself.
"""
if not isinstance(operation, _op.LinearOperator):
operation = _op.StaticArbitraryOp(operation, evotype='default', state_space=None)
self._operation = operation
self._inv_matrix = None
GaugeGroupElement.__init__(self)
def __init__(self, operation, elementcls, name):
"""
Create a new `OpGaugeGroup`.
Parameters
----------
operation : LinearOperator
The LinearOperator to base this Gauge group on.
elementcls : class
The element class to use when implementing the `compute_element` method.
name : str
A name for this group - used for reporting what type of
gauge optimization was performed.
"""
if not isinstance(operation, _op.LinearOperator):
operation = _op.StaticArbitraryOp(operation, evotype='default', state_space=None)
self._operation = operation
self.element = elementcls
GaugeGroup.__init__(self, name)
def test_explicit_model_comparisons(self):
ex_mdl1 = smq2Q_XYICNOT.target_model()
ex_mmg1 = ex_mdl1.create_modelmember_graph()
# Copy, should be similar and equivalent
ex_mdl2 = ex_mdl1.copy()
ex_mmg2 = ex_mdl2.create_modelmember_graph()
self.assertTrue(ex_mmg2.is_similar(ex_mmg1))
self.assertTrue(ex_mmg2.is_equivalent(ex_mmg1))
# Change parameter, similar but not equivalent
ex_mdl3 = ex_mdl1.copy()
ex_mdl3.operations['Gxpi2', 0][0, 0] = 0.0
ex_mmg3 = ex_mdl3.create_modelmember_graph()
self.assertTrue(ex_mmg3.is_similar(ex_mmg1))
self.assertFalse(ex_mmg3.is_equivalent(ex_mmg1))
# Change parameterization, not similar or equivalent
ex_mdl4 = ex_mdl1.copy()
ex_mdl4.operations['Gxpi2', 0] = _op.StaticArbitraryOp(
ex_mdl4.operations['Gxpi2', 0])
ex_mmg4 = ex_mdl4.create_modelmember_graph()
self.assertFalse(ex_mmg4.is_similar(ex_mmg1))
self.assertFalse(ex_mmg4.is_equivalent(ex_mmg1))
def __init__(self,
processor_spec,
gatedict,
prep_layers=None,
povm_layers=None,
build_cloudnoise_fn=None,
build_cloudkey_fn=None,
simulator="map",
evotype="default",
errcomp_type="gates",
implicit_idle_mode="none",
verbosity=0):
qudit_labels = processor_spec.qudit_labels
state_space = _statespace.QubitSpace(qudit_labels) if isinstance(processor_spec, _QubitProcessorSpec) \
else _statespace.QuditSpace(qudit_labels, processor_spec.qudit_udims)
simulator = _FSim.cast(
simulator, state_space.num_qubits if isinstance(
state_space, _statespace.QubitSpace) else None)
prefer_dense_reps = isinstance(simulator, _MatrixFSim)
evotype = _Evotype.cast(evotype,
default_prefer_dense_reps=prefer_dense_reps)
# Build gate dictionaries. A value of `gatedict` can be an array, a LinearOperator, or an OpFactory.
# For later processing, we'll create mm_gatedict to contain each item as a ModelMember. For cloud-
# noise models, these gate operations should be *static* (no parameters) as they represent the target
# operations and all noise (and parameters) are assumed to enter through the cloudnoise members.
mm_gatedict = _collections.OrderedDict(
) # static *target* ops as ModelMembers
for key, gate in gatedict.items():
if isinstance(gate, _op.LinearOperator):
assert (
gate.num_params == 0
), "Only *static* ideal operators are allowed in `gatedict`!"
mm_gatedict[key] = gate
elif isinstance(gate, _opfactory.OpFactory):
assert (
gate.num_params == 0
), "Only *static* ideal factories are allowed in `gatedict`!"
mm_gatedict[key] = gate
else: # presumably a numpy array or something like it:
mm_gatedict[key] = _op.StaticArbitraryOp(
gate, evotype, state_space=None) # use default state space
assert(mm_gatedict[key]._evotype == evotype), \
("Custom gate object supplied in `gatedict` for key %s has evotype %s (!= expected %s)"
% (str(key), str(mm_gatedict[key]._evotype), str(evotype)))
#Set other members
self.processor_spec = processor_spec
self.errcomp_type = errcomp_type
idle_names = self.processor_spec.idle_gate_names
global_idle_name = self.processor_spec.global_idle_gate_name
# Set noisy_global_idle_name == global_idle_name if the global idle gate isn't the perfect identity
# and if we're generating cloudnoise members (if we're not then layer rules could encouter a key error
# if we let noisy_global_idle_name be non-None).
global_idle_gate = mm_gatedict.get(global_idle_name, None)
if (global_idle_gate is not None) and (build_cloudnoise_fn is not None) \
and (build_cloudnoise_fn(self.processor_spec.global_idle_layer_label) is not None):
noisy_global_idle_name = global_idle_name
else:
noisy_global_idle_name = None
singleq_idle_layer_labels = {}
for idle_name in idle_names:
if self.processor_spec.gate_num_qubits(idle_name) == 1:
for idlelayer_sslbls in self.processor_spec.resolved_availability(
idle_name, 'tuple'):
if idlelayer_sslbls is None:
continue # case of 1Q model with "global" idle
assert (len(idlelayer_sslbls) == 1
) # should be a 1-qubit gate!
if idlelayer_sslbls not in singleq_idle_layer_labels:
singleq_idle_layer_labels[idlelayer_sslbls] = _Lbl(
idle_name, idlelayer_sslbls)
#assert(set(idle_names).issubset([global_idle_name])), \
# "Only global idle operations are allowed in a CloudNoiseModel!"
layer_rules = CloudNoiseLayerRules(errcomp_type, qudit_labels,
implicit_idle_mode,
singleq_idle_layer_labels,
noisy_global_idle_name)
super(CloudNoiseModel, self).__init__(state_space,
layer_rules,
"pp",
simulator=simulator,
evotype=evotype)
flags = {
'auto_embed': False,
'match_parent_statespace': False,
'match_parent_evotype': True,
'cast_to_type': None
}
self.prep_blks['layers'] = _OrderedMemberDict(self, None, None, flags)
self.povm_blks['layers'] = _OrderedMemberDict(self, None, None, flags)
self.operation_blks['gates'] = _OrderedMemberDict(
self, None, None, flags)
self.operation_blks['cloudnoise'] = _OrderedMemberDict(
self, None, None, flags)
self.operation_blks['layers'] = _OrderedMemberDict(
self, None, None, flags)
self.instrument_blks['layers'] = _OrderedMemberDict(
self, None, None, flags)
self.factories['gates'] = _OrderedMemberDict(self, None, None, flags)
self.factories['cloudnoise'] = _OrderedMemberDict(
self, None, None, flags)
self.factories['layers'] = _OrderedMemberDict(self, None, None, flags)
printer = _VerbosityPrinter.create_printer(verbosity)
printer.log("Creating a %d-qudit cloud-noise model" %
self.processor_spec.num_qudits)
# a dictionary of "cloud" objects
# keys = cloud identifiers, e.g. (target_qudit_indices, cloud_qudit_indices) tuples
# values = list of gate-labels giving the gates (primitive layers?) associated with that cloud (necessary?)
self._clouds = _collections.OrderedDict()
for gn in self.processor_spec.gate_names:
# process gate names (no sslbls, e.g. "Gx", not "Gx:0") - we'll check for the
# latter when we process the corresponding gate name's availability
gate_unitary = self.processor_spec.gate_unitaries[gn]
resolved_avail = self.processor_spec.resolved_availability(gn)
gate = mm_gatedict.get(
gn, None
) # a static op or factory, no need to consider if "independent" (no params)
gate_is_factory = callable(gate_unitary) or isinstance(
gate, _opfactory.OpFactory)
#gate_is_noiseless_identity = (gate is None) or \
# (isinstance(gate, _op.ComposedOp) and len(gate.factorops) == 0)
if gate is not None: # (a gate name may not be in gatedict if it's an identity without any noise)
if gate_is_factory:
self.factories['gates'][_Lbl(gn)] = gate
else:
self.operation_blks['gates'][_Lbl(gn)] = gate
if callable(resolved_avail) or resolved_avail == '*':
# Target operation
if gate is not None:
allowed_sslbls_fn = resolved_avail if callable(
resolved_avail) else None
gate_nQudits = self.processor_spec.gate_num_qudits(gn)
printer.log("Creating %dQ %s gate on arbitrary qudits!!" %
(gate_nQudits, gn))
self.factories['layers'][_Lbl(
gn)] = _opfactory.EmbeddingOpFactory(
state_space,
gate,
num_target_labels=gate_nQudits,
allowed_sslbls_fn=allowed_sslbls_fn)
# add any primitive ops for this embedding factory?
# Cloudnoise operation
if build_cloudnoise_fn is not None:
cloudnoise = build_cloudnoise_fn(_Lbl(gn))
if cloudnoise is not None: # build function can return None to signify no noise
assert (isinstance(cloudnoise, _opfactory.EmbeddingOpFactory)), \
("`build_cloudnoise_fn` must return an EmbeddingOpFactory for gate %s"
" with arbitrary availability") % gn
self.factories['cloudnoise'][_Lbl(gn)] = cloudnoise
else: # resolved_avail is a list/tuple of available sslbls for the current gate/factory
for inds in resolved_avail: # inds are target qudit labels
#Target operation
if gate is not None:
printer.log("Creating %dQ %s gate on qudits %s!!" %
((len(qudit_labels) if inds is None else
len(inds)), gn, inds))
assert(inds is None or _Lbl(gn, inds) not in gatedict), \
("Cloudnoise models do not accept primitive-op labels, e.g. %s, in `gatedict` as this dict "
"specfies the ideal target gates. Perhaps make the cloudnoise depend on the target qudits "
"of the %s gate?") % (str(_Lbl(gn, inds)), gn)
if gate_is_factory:
self.factories['layers'][_Lbl(gn, inds)] = gate if (inds is None) else \
_opfactory.EmbeddedOpFactory(state_space, inds, gate)
# add any primitive ops for this factory?
else:
self.operation_blks['layers'][_Lbl(gn, inds)] = gate if (inds is None) else \
_op.EmbeddedOp(state_space, inds, gate)
#Cloudnoise operation
if build_cloudnoise_fn is not None:
cloudnoise = build_cloudnoise_fn(_Lbl(gn, inds))
if cloudnoise is not None: # build function can return None to signify no noise
if isinstance(cloudnoise, _opfactory.OpFactory):
self.factories['cloudnoise'][_Lbl(
gn, inds)] = cloudnoise
else:
self.operation_blks['cloudnoise'][_Lbl(
gn, inds)] = cloudnoise
if build_cloudkey_fn is not None:
# TODO: is there any way to get a default "key", e.g. the
# qudits touched by the corresponding cloudnoise op?
# need a way to identify a clound (e.g. Gx and Gy gates on some qudit will have *same* cloud)
cloud_key = build_cloudkey_fn(_Lbl(gn, inds))
if cloud_key not in self.clouds:
self.clouds[cloud_key] = []
self.clouds[cloud_key].append(_Lbl(gn, inds))
#keep track of the primitive-layer labels in each cloud,
# used to specify which gate parameters should be amplifiable by germs for a given cloud (?)
# TODO CHECK THIS
_init_spam_layers(self, prep_layers, povm_layers) # SPAM
printer.log("DONE! - created Model with nqudits=%d and op-blks=" %
self.state_space.num_qudits)
for op_blk_lbl, op_blk in self.operation_blks.items():
printer.log(" %s: %s" %
(op_blk_lbl, ', '.join(map(str, op_blk.keys()))))
self._clean_paramvec()
def __init__(self,
processor_spec,
gatedict,
prep_layers=None,
povm_layers=None,
evotype="default",
simulator="auto",
on_construction_error='raise',
independent_gates=False,
ensure_composed_gates=False,
implicit_idle_mode="none"):
qudit_labels = processor_spec.qudit_labels
state_space = _statespace.QubitSpace(qudit_labels) if isinstance(processor_spec, _QubitProcessorSpec) \
else _statespace.QuditSpace(qudit_labels, processor_spec.qudit_udims)
simulator = _FSim.cast(
simulator, state_space.num_qubits if isinstance(
state_space, _statespace.QubitSpace) else None)
prefer_dense_reps = isinstance(simulator, _MatrixFSim)
evotype = _Evotype.cast(evotype,
default_prefer_dense_reps=prefer_dense_reps)
# Build gate dictionaries. A value of `gatedict` can be an array, a LinearOperator, or an OpFactory.
# For later processing, we'll create mm_gatedict to contain each item as a ModelMember. In local noise
# models, these gates can be parameterized however the user desires - the LocalNoiseModel just embeds these
# operators appropriately.
mm_gatedict = _collections.OrderedDict() # ops as ModelMembers
for key, gate in gatedict.items():
if isinstance(gate, (_op.LinearOperator, _opfactory.OpFactory)):
mm_gatedict[key] = gate
else: # presumably a numpy array or something like it.
mm_gatedict[key] = _op.StaticArbitraryOp(
gate, evotype, state_space) # static gates by default
self.processor_spec = processor_spec
idle_names = processor_spec.idle_gate_names
global_idle_layer_label = processor_spec.global_idle_layer_label
layer_rules = _SimpleCompLayerRules(qudit_labels, implicit_idle_mode,
None, global_idle_layer_label)
super(LocalNoiseModel, self).__init__(state_space,
layer_rules,
'pp',
simulator=simulator,
evotype=evotype)
flags = {
'auto_embed': False,
'match_parent_statespace': False,
'match_parent_evotype': True,
'cast_to_type': None
}
self.prep_blks['layers'] = _OrderedMemberDict(self, None, None, flags)
self.povm_blks['layers'] = _OrderedMemberDict(self, None, None, flags)
self.operation_blks['gates'] = _OrderedMemberDict(
self, None, None, flags)
self.operation_blks['layers'] = _OrderedMemberDict(
self, None, None, flags)
self.instrument_blks['layers'] = _OrderedMemberDict(
self, None, None, flags)
self.factories['gates'] = _OrderedMemberDict(self, None, None, flags)
self.factories['layers'] = _OrderedMemberDict(self, None, None, flags)
_init_spam_layers(self, prep_layers, povm_layers) # SPAM
for gateName in self.processor_spec.gate_names:
# process gate names (no sslbls, e.g. "Gx", not "Gx:0") - we'll check for the
# latter when we process the corresponding gate name's availability
gate_unitary = self.processor_spec.gate_unitaries[gateName]
resolved_avail = self.processor_spec.resolved_availability(
gateName)
gate_is_idle = gateName in idle_names
gate_is_factory = callable(gate_unitary)
if not independent_gates: # then get our "template" gate ready
# for non-independent gates, need to specify gate name alone (no sslbls):
gate = mm_gatedict.get(gateName, None)
gate_is_factory = gate_is_factory or isinstance(
gate, _opfactory.OpFactory)
if gate is not None: # (a gate name may not be in gatedict if it's an identity without any noise)
if ensure_composed_gates and not isinstance(
gate, _op.ComposedOp) and not gate_is_factory:
#Make a single ComposedOp *here*, which is used
# in all the embeddings for different target qudits
gate = _op.ComposedOp(
[gate], state_space="auto",
evotype="auto") # to make adding factors easy
if gate_is_factory:
self.factories['gates'][_Lbl(gateName)] = gate
else:
self.operation_blks['gates'][_Lbl(gateName)] = gate
if gate_is_idle and gate.state_space.num_qudits == 1 and global_idle_layer_label is None:
# then attempt to turn this 1Q idle into a global idle (for implied idle layers)
global_idle = _op.ComposedOp([
_op.EmbeddedOp(state_space, (qlbl, ), gate)
for qlbl in qudit_labels
])
self.operation_blks['layers'][_Lbl(
'{auto_global_idle}')] = global_idle
global_idle_layer_label = layer_rules.global_idle_layer_label = _Lbl(
'{auto_global_idle}')
else:
gate = None # this is set to something useful in the "elif independent_gates" block below
if callable(resolved_avail) or resolved_avail == '*':
# then `gate` has function-determined or arbitrary availability, and we just need to
# put it in an EmbeddingOpFactory - no need to copy it or look
# for overrides in `gatedict` - there's always just *one* instance
# of an arbitrarily available gate or factory.
base_gate = mm_gatedict[gateName]
# Note: can't use automatic-embedding b/c we need to force embedding
# when just ordering doesn't align (e.g. Gcnot:1:0 on 2-qudits needs to embed)
allowed_sslbls_fn = resolved_avail if callable(
resolved_avail) else None
gate_nQudits = self.processor_spec.gate_num_qudits(gateName)
embedded_op = _opfactory.EmbeddingOpFactory(
state_space,
base_gate,
num_target_labels=gate_nQudits,
allowed_sslbls_fn=allowed_sslbls_fn)
self.factories['layers'][_Lbl(gateName)] = embedded_op
else: # resolved_avail is a list/tuple of available sslbls for the current gate/factory
singleQ_idle_layer_labels = _collections.OrderedDict()
for inds in resolved_avail:
if _Lbl(gateName,
inds) in mm_gatedict and inds is not None:
#Allow elements of `gatedict` that *have* sslbls override the
# default copy/reference of the "name-only" gate:
base_gate = mm_gatedict[_Lbl(gateName, inds)]
gate_is_factory = gate_is_factory or isinstance(
base_gate, _opfactory.OpFactory)
if gate_is_factory:
self.factories['gates'][_Lbl(gateName,
inds)] = base_gate
else:
self.operation_blks['gates'][_Lbl(
gateName, inds)] = base_gate
elif independent_gates: # then we need to ~copy `gate` so it has indep params
gate = mm_gatedict.get(
gateName,
None) # was set to `None` above; reset here
gate_is_factory = gate_is_factory or isinstance(
gate, _opfactory.OpFactory)
if gate is not None: # (may be False if gate is an identity without any noise)
if ensure_composed_gates and not gate_is_factory:
#Make a single ComposedOp *here*, for *only this* embedding
# Don't copy gate here, as we assume it's ok to be shared when we
# have independent composed gates
base_gate = _op.ComposedOp([gate],
evotype="auto",
state_space="auto")
else: # want independent params but not a composed gate, so .copy()
base_gate = gate.copy(
) # so independent parameters
if gate_is_factory:
self.factories['gates'][_Lbl(gateName,
inds)] = base_gate
else:
self.operation_blks['gates'][_Lbl(
gateName, inds)] = base_gate
else: # (not independent_gates, so `gate` is set to non-None above)
base_gate = gate # already a Composed operator (for easy addition
# of factors) if ensure_composed_gates == True and not gate_is_factory
if base_gate is None:
continue # end loop here if base_gate is just a perfect identity that shouldn't be added
#At this point, `base_gate` is the operator or factory that we want to embed into inds
# into inds (except in the special case inds[0] == '*' where we make an EmbeddingOpFactory)
try:
if gate_is_factory:
if inds is None or inds == tuple(
qudit_labels): # then no need to embed
embedded_op = base_gate
else:
embedded_op = _opfactory.EmbeddedOpFactory(
state_space, inds, base_gate)
self.factories['layers'][_Lbl(gateName,
inds)] = embedded_op
else:
if inds is None or inds == tuple(
qudit_labels): # then no need to embed
embedded_op = base_gate
else:
embedded_op = _op.EmbeddedOp(
state_space, inds, base_gate)
self.operation_blks['layers'][_Lbl(
gateName, inds)] = embedded_op
# If a 1Q idle gate (factories not supported yet) then turn this into a global idle
if gate_is_idle and base_gate.state_space.num_qubits == 1 \
and global_idle_layer_label is None:
singleQ_idle_layer_labels[inds] = _Lbl(
gateName,
inds) # allow custom setting of this?
except Exception as e:
if on_construction_error == 'warn':
_warnings.warn(
"Failed to embed %s gate. Dropping it." %
str(_Lbl(gateName, inds)))
if on_construction_error in ('warn', 'ignore'):
continue
else:
raise e
if len(singleQ_idle_layer_labels) > 0:
if implicit_idle_mode == 'add_global' and global_idle_layer_label is None:
# then create a global idle based on 1Q idle gates
global_idle = _op.ComposedOp([
self.operation_blks['layers'][lbl]
for lbl in singleQ_idle_layer_labels.values()
])
global_idle_layer_label = layer_rules.global_idle_layer_label = _Lbl(
'{auto_global_idle}')
self.operation_blks['layers'][_Lbl(
'{auto_global_idle}')] = global_idle
elif implicit_idle_mode == 'pad_1Q':
layer_rules.single_qubit_idle_layer_labels = singleQ_idle_layer_labels
self._clean_paramvec()
def build_povm(self):
sdop = op.StaticArbitraryOp(self.base_noise_op.to_dense())
return ComposedPOVM(sdop, self.base_povm, 'pp')
def build_vec(self):
sdop = op.StaticArbitraryOp(self.base_noise_op.to_dense())
return ComposedState(self.base_prep_vec, sdop)
