def run_with_api(self, api):
"""Creates a new ``IBMQJob`` running with the provided API object."""
backend = IBMQBackend(mock.Mock(), mock.Mock(), mock.Mock(), api=api)
self._current_api = api
self._current_qjob = backend.run(qobj=FakeQobj(), validate_qobj=True)
self._current_qjob.refresh = mock.Mock()
return self._current_qjob
def run_with_api(self, api):
"""Creates a new ``IBMQJob`` running with the provided API object."""
backend = IBMQBackend(mock.Mock(),
mock.Mock(),
mock.Mock(),
api_client=api)
self._current_api = api
self._current_qjob = backend.run(qobj=FakeQobj()) # pylint: disable=no-value-for-parameter
self._current_qjob.refresh = mock.Mock()
return self._current_qjob
def get_pulse_schedule(backend: IBMQBackend) -> Schedule:
"""Return a pulse schedule."""
config = backend.configuration()
defaults = backend.defaults()
inst_map = defaults.instruction_schedule_map
# Run 2 experiments - 1 with x pulse and 1 without
x = inst_map.get('x', 0)
measure = inst_map.get('measure', range(config.n_qubits)) << x.duration
ground_sched = measure
excited_sched = x | measure
schedules = [ground_sched, excited_sched]
return schedules
def submit_job_bad_shots(backend: IBMQBackend) -> IBMQJob:
"""Submit a job that will fail due to too many shots.
Args:
backend: Backend to submit the job to.
Returns:
Submitted job.
"""
qobj = bell_in_qobj(backend=backend)
# Modify the number of shots to be an invalid amount.
qobj.config.shots = backend.configuration().max_shots + 10000
job_to_fail = backend.run(qobj)
return job_to_fail
def submit_job_one_bad_instr(backend: IBMQBackend) -> IBMQJob:
"""Submit a job that contains one good and one bad instruction.
Args:
backend: Backend to submit the job to.
Returns:
Submitted job.
"""
qc_new = transpile(ReferenceCircuits.bell(), backend)
if backend.configuration().simulator:
# Specify method so it doesn't fail at method selection.
qobj = assemble([qc_new] * 2, backend=backend, method="statevector")
else:
qobj = assemble([qc_new] * 2, backend=backend)
qobj.experiments[1].instructions[1].name = 'bad_instruction'
job = backend.run(qobj)
return job
def submit_and_cancel(backend: IBMQBackend) -> IBMQJob:
"""Submit and cancel a job.
Args:
backend: Backend to submit the job to.
Returns:
Cancelled job.
"""
qobj = bell_in_qobj(backend=backend)
job = backend.run(qobj, validate_qobj=True)
cancel_job(job, True)
return job
def submit_job_one_bad_instr(backend: IBMQBackend) -> IBMQJob:
"""Submit a job that contains one good and one bad instruction.
Args:
backend: Backend to submit the job to.
Returns:
Submitted job.
"""
qc_new = transpile(ReferenceCircuits.bell(), backend)
qobj = assemble([qc_new] * 2, backend=backend)
qobj.experiments[1].instructions[1].name = 'bad_instruction'
job = backend.run(qobj, validate_qobj=True)
return job
def submit_bad_job(backend: IBMQBackend) -> IBMQJob:
"""Submit a job that is destined to fail.
Args:
backend: Backend to submit the job to.
Returns:
Failed job.
"""
# Submit a job that will fail.
qobj = bell_in_qobj(backend=backend)
qobj.config.shots = 10000 # Modify the number of shots to be an invalid amount.
job_to_fail = backend.run(qobj, validate_qobj=True)
job_to_fail.wait_for_final_state()
return job_to_fail
def get_large_circuit(backend: IBMQBackend) -> QuantumCircuit:
"""Return a slightly larger circuit that would run a bit longer.
Args:
backend: Backend on which the circuit will run.
Returns:
A larger circuit.
"""
n_qubits = min(backend.configuration().n_qubits, 20)
circuit = QuantumCircuit(n_qubits, n_qubits)
for n in range(n_qubits - 1):
circuit.h(n)
circuit.cx(n, n + 1)
circuit.measure(list(range(n_qubits)), list(range(n_qubits)))
return circuit
def iplot_error_map(
backend: IBMQBackend,
figsize: Tuple[int] = (800, 500),
show_title: bool = True,
remove_badcal_edges: bool = True,
background_color: str = 'white',
as_widget: bool = False) -> Union[PlotlyFigure, PlotlyWidget]:
"""Plot the error map of a device.
Args:
backend: Plot the error map for this backend.
figsize: Figure size in pixels.
show_title: Whether to show figure title.
remove_badcal_edges: Whether to remove bad CX gate calibration data.
background_color: Background color, either 'white' or 'black'.
as_widget: ``True`` if the figure is to be returned as a ``PlotlyWidget``.
Otherwise the figure is to be returned as a ``PlotlyFigure``.
Returns:
The error map figure.
Raises:
VisualizationValueError: If an invalid input is received.
VisualizationTypeError: If the specified `backend` is a simulator.
Example:
.. jupyter-execute::
:hide-code:
:hide-output:
from qiskit.test.ibmq_mock import mock_get_backend
mock_get_backend('FakeVigo')
.. jupyter-execute::
from qiskit import IBMQ
from qiskit.providers.ibmq.visualization import iplot_error_map
IBMQ.load_account()
provider = IBMQ.get_provider(group='open', project='main')
backend = provider.get_backend('ibmq_vigo')
iplot_error_map(backend, as_widget=True)
"""
meas_text_color = '#000000'
if background_color == 'white':
color_map = HELIX_LIGHT_CMAP
text_color = '#000000'
plotly_cmap = HELIX_LIGHT
elif background_color == 'black':
color_map = HELIX_DARK_CMAP
text_color = '#FFFFFF'
plotly_cmap = HELIX_DARK
else:
raise VisualizationValueError(
'"{}" is not a valid background_color selection.'.format(
background_color))
if backend.configuration().simulator:
raise VisualizationTypeError(
'Requires a device backend, not a simulator.')
config = backend.configuration()
n_qubits = config.n_qubits
cmap = config.coupling_map
if n_qubits in DEVICE_LAYOUTS.keys():
grid_data = DEVICE_LAYOUTS[n_qubits]
else:
fig = go.Figure()
fig.update_layout(showlegend=False,
plot_bgcolor=background_color,
paper_bgcolor=background_color,
width=figsize[0],
height=figsize[1],
margin=dict(t=60, l=0, r=0, b=0))
out = PlotlyWidget(fig)
return out
props = backend.properties().to_dict()
t1s = []
t2s = []
for qubit_props in props['qubits']:
count = 0
for item in qubit_props:
if item['name'] == 'T1':
t1s.append(item['value'])
count += 1
elif item['name'] == 'T2':
t2s.append(item['value'])
count += 1
if count == 2:
break
# U2 error rates
single_gate_errors = [0] * n_qubits
for gate in props['gates']:
if gate['gate'] == 'u2':
_qubit = gate['qubits'][0]
single_gate_errors[_qubit] = gate['parameters'][0]['value']
# Convert to percent
single_gate_errors = 100 * np.asarray(single_gate_errors)
avg_1q_err = np.mean(single_gate_errors)
max_1q_err = max(single_gate_errors)
single_norm = mpl.colors.Normalize(vmin=min(single_gate_errors),
vmax=max_1q_err)
q_colors = [
mpl.colors.rgb2hex(color_map(single_norm(err)))
for err in single_gate_errors
]
line_colors = []
cx_idx = []
if n_qubits > 1 and cmap:
cx_errors = []
for cmap_qubits in cmap:
for gate in props['gates']:
if gate['qubits'] == cmap_qubits:
cx_errors.append(gate['parameters'][0]['value'])
break
else:
continue
# Convert to percent
cx_errors = 100 * np.asarray(cx_errors)
# remove bad cx edges
if remove_badcal_edges:
cx_idx = np.where(cx_errors != 100.0)[0]
else:
cx_idx = np.arange(len(cx_errors))
avg_cx_err = np.mean(cx_errors[cx_idx])
for err in cx_errors:
if err != 100.0 or not remove_badcal_edges:
cx_norm = mpl.colors.Normalize(vmin=min(cx_errors[cx_idx]),
vmax=max(cx_errors[cx_idx]))
line_colors.append(mpl.colors.rgb2hex(color_map(cx_norm(err))))
else:
line_colors.append("#ff0000")
# Measurement errors
read_err = []
for qubit in range(n_qubits):
for item in props['qubits'][qubit]:
if item['name'] == 'readout_error':
read_err.append(item['value'])
read_err = 100 * np.asarray(read_err)
avg_read_err = np.mean(read_err)
max_read_err = np.max(read_err)
if n_qubits < 10:
num_left = n_qubits
num_right = 0
else:
num_left = math.ceil(n_qubits / 2)
num_right = n_qubits - num_left
x_max = max([d[1] for d in grid_data])
y_max = max([d[0] for d in grid_data])
max_dim = max(x_max, y_max)
qubit_size = 32
font_size = 14
offset = 0
if cmap:
if y_max / max_dim < 0.33:
qubit_size = 24
font_size = 10
offset = 1
if n_qubits > 5:
right_meas_title = "Readout Error (%)"
else:
right_meas_title = None
if cmap and cx_idx.size > 0:
cx_title = "CNOT Error Rate [Avg. {}%]".format(np.round(avg_cx_err, 3))
else:
cx_title = None
fig = make_subplots(
rows=2,
cols=11,
row_heights=[0.95, 0.05],
vertical_spacing=0.15,
specs=[[{
"colspan": 2
}, None, {
"colspan": 6
}, None, None, None, None, None, {
"colspan": 2
}, None, None],
[{
"colspan": 4
}, None, None, None, None, None, {
"colspan": 4
}, None, None, None, None]],
subplot_titles=("Readout Error (%)", None, right_meas_title,
"Hadamard Error Rate [Avg. {}%]".format(
np.round(avg_1q_err, 3)), cx_title))
# Add lines for couplings
if cmap and n_qubits > 1 and cx_idx.size > 0:
for ind, edge in enumerate(cmap):
is_symmetric = False
if edge[::-1] in cmap:
is_symmetric = True
y_start = grid_data[edge[0]][0] + offset
x_start = grid_data[edge[0]][1]
y_end = grid_data[edge[1]][0] + offset
x_end = grid_data[edge[1]][1]
if is_symmetric:
if y_start == y_end:
x_end = (x_end - x_start) / 2 + x_start
x_mid = x_end
y_mid = y_start
elif x_start == x_end:
y_end = (y_end - y_start) / 2 + y_start
x_mid = x_start
y_mid = y_end
else:
x_end = (x_end - x_start) / 2 + x_start
y_end = (y_end - y_start) / 2 + y_start
x_mid = x_end
y_mid = y_end
else:
if y_start == y_end:
x_mid = (x_end - x_start) / 2 + x_start
y_mid = y_end
elif x_start == x_end:
x_mid = x_end
y_mid = (y_end - y_start) / 2 + y_start
else:
x_mid = (x_end - x_start) / 2 + x_start
y_mid = (y_end - y_start) / 2 + y_start
fig.append_trace(go.Scatter(
x=[x_start, x_mid, x_end],
y=[-y_start, -y_mid, -y_end],
mode="lines",
line=dict(width=6, color=line_colors[ind]),
hoverinfo='text',
hovertext='CX<sub>err</sub>{B}_{A} = {err} %'.format(
A=edge[0], B=edge[1], err=np.round(cx_errors[ind], 3))),
row=1,
col=3)
# Add the qubits themselves
qubit_text = []
qubit_str = "<b>Qubit {}</b><br>H<sub>err</sub> = {} %"
qubit_str += "<br>T1 = {} \u03BCs<br>T2 = {} \u03BCs"
for kk in range(n_qubits):
qubit_text.append(
qubit_str.format(kk, np.round(single_gate_errors[kk], 3),
np.round(t1s[kk], 2), np.round(t2s[kk], 2)))
if n_qubits > 20:
qubit_size = 23
font_size = 11
if n_qubits > 50:
qubit_size = 20
font_size = 9
qtext_color = []
for ii in range(n_qubits):
if background_color == 'black':
if single_gate_errors[ii] > 0.8 * max_1q_err:
qtext_color.append('black')
else:
qtext_color.append('white')
else:
qtext_color.append('white')
fig.append_trace(go.Scatter(x=[d[1] for d in grid_data],
y=[-d[0] - offset for d in grid_data],
mode="markers+text",
marker=go.scatter.Marker(size=qubit_size,
color=q_colors,
opacity=1),
text=[str(ii) for ii in range(n_qubits)],
textposition="middle center",
textfont=dict(size=font_size,
color=qtext_color),
hoverinfo="text",
hovertext=qubit_text),
row=1,
col=3)
fig.update_xaxes(row=1, col=3, visible=False)
_range = None
if offset:
_range = [-3.5, 0.5]
fig.update_yaxes(row=1, col=3, visible=False, range=_range)
# H error rate colorbar
min_1q_err = min(single_gate_errors)
max_1q_err = max(single_gate_errors)
if n_qubits > 1:
fig.append_trace(go.Heatmap(z=[
np.linspace(min_1q_err, max_1q_err, 100),
np.linspace(min_1q_err, max_1q_err, 100)
],
colorscale=plotly_cmap,
showscale=False,
hoverinfo='none'),
row=2,
col=1)
fig.update_yaxes(row=2, col=1, visible=False)
fig.update_xaxes(row=2,
col=1,
tickvals=[0, 49, 99],
ticktext=[
np.round(min_1q_err, 3),
np.round(
(max_1q_err - min_1q_err) / 2 + min_1q_err,
3),
np.round(max_1q_err, 3)
])
# CX error rate colorbar
if cmap and n_qubits > 1 and cx_idx.size > 0:
min_cx_err = min(cx_errors)
max_cx_err = max(cx_errors)
if min_cx_err == max_cx_err:
min_cx_err = 0 # Force more than 1 color.
fig.append_trace(go.Heatmap(z=[
np.linspace(min_cx_err, max_cx_err, 100),
np.linspace(min_cx_err, max_cx_err, 100)
],
colorscale=plotly_cmap,
showscale=False,
hoverinfo='none'),
row=2,
col=7)
fig.update_yaxes(row=2, col=7, visible=False)
min_cx_idx_err = min(cx_errors[cx_idx])
max_cx_idx_err = max(cx_errors[cx_idx])
fig.update_xaxes(row=2,
col=7,
tickvals=[0, 49, 99],
ticktext=[
np.round(min_cx_idx_err, 3),
np.round((max_cx_idx_err - min_cx_idx_err) / 2 +
min_cx_idx_err, 3),
np.round(max_cx_idx_err, 3)
])
hover_text = "<b>Qubit {}</b><br>M<sub>err</sub> = {} %"
# Add the left side meas errors
for kk in range(num_left - 1, -1, -1):
fig.append_trace(go.Bar(
x=[read_err[kk]],
y=[kk],
orientation='h',
marker=dict(color='#eedccb'),
hoverinfo="text",
hoverlabel=dict(font=dict(color=meas_text_color)),
hovertext=[hover_text.format(kk, np.round(read_err[kk], 3))]),
row=1,
col=1)
fig.append_trace(go.Scatter(x=[avg_read_err, avg_read_err],
y=[-0.25, num_left - 1 + 0.25],
mode='lines',
hoverinfo='none',
line=dict(color=text_color,
width=2,
dash='dot')),
row=1,
col=1)
fig.update_yaxes(row=1,
col=1,
tickvals=list(range(num_left)),
autorange="reversed")
fig.update_xaxes(
row=1,
col=1,
range=[0, 1.1 * max_read_err],
tickvals=[0, np.round(avg_read_err, 2),
np.round(max_read_err, 2)],
showline=True,
linewidth=1,
linecolor=text_color,
tickcolor=text_color,
ticks="outside",
showgrid=False,
zeroline=False)
# Add the right side meas errors, if any
if num_right:
for kk in range(n_qubits - 1, num_left - 1, -1):
fig.append_trace(go.Bar(
x=[-read_err[kk]],
y=[kk],
orientation='h',
marker=dict(color='#eedccb'),
hoverinfo="text",
hoverlabel=dict(font=dict(color=meas_text_color)),
hovertext=[hover_text.format(kk, np.round(read_err[kk], 3))]),
row=1,
col=9)
fig.append_trace(go.Scatter(x=[-avg_read_err, -avg_read_err],
y=[num_left - 0.25, n_qubits - 1 + 0.25],
mode='lines',
hoverinfo='none',
line=dict(color=text_color,
width=2,
dash='dot')),
row=1,
col=9)
fig.update_yaxes(
row=1,
col=9,
tickvals=list(range(n_qubits - 1, num_left - 1, -1)),
side='right',
autorange="reversed",
)
fig.update_xaxes(
row=1,
col=9,
range=[-1.1 * max_read_err, 0],
tickvals=[
0, -np.round(avg_read_err, 2), -np.round(max_read_err, 2)
],
ticktext=[0,
np.round(avg_read_err, 2),
np.round(max_read_err, 2)],
showline=True,
linewidth=1,
linecolor=text_color,
tickcolor=text_color,
ticks="outside",
showgrid=False,
zeroline=False)
# Makes the subplot titles smaller than the 16pt default
for ann in fig['layout']['annotations']:
ann['font'] = dict(size=13)
title_text = "{} Error Map".format(backend.name()) if show_title else ''
fig.update_layout(showlegend=False,
plot_bgcolor=background_color,
paper_bgcolor=background_color,
width=figsize[0],
height=figsize[1],
title=dict(text=title_text, x=0.452),
title_font_size=20,
font=dict(color=text_color),
margin=dict(t=60, l=0, r=40, b=0))
if as_widget:
return PlotlyWidget(fig)
return PlotlyFigure(fig)
def iplot_gate_map(
backend: IBMQBackend,
figsize: Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[int]] = (None, None),
label_qubits: bool = True,
qubit_size: Optional[float] = None,
line_width: Optional[float] = None,
font_size: Optional[int] = None,
qubit_color: Union[List[str], str] = "#2f4b7c",
qubit_labels: Optional[List[str]] = None,
line_color: Union[List[str], str] = "#2f4b7c",
font_color: str = "white",
background_color: str = 'white',
as_widget: bool = False
) -> Union[PlotlyFigure, PlotlyWidget]:
"""Plots an interactive gate map of a device.
Args:
backend: Plot the gate map for this backend.
figsize: Output figure size (wxh) in inches.
label_qubits: Labels for the qubits.
qubit_size: Size of qubit marker.
line_width: Width of lines.
font_size: Font size of qubit labels.
qubit_color: A list of colors for the qubits. If a single color is given,
it's used for all qubits.
qubit_labels: A list of qubit labels
line_color: A list of colors for each line from the coupling map. If a
single color is given, it's used for all lines.
font_color: The font color for the qubit labels.
background_color: The background color, either 'white' or 'black'.
as_widget: ``True`` if the figure is to be returned as a ``PlotlyWidget``.
Otherwise the figure is to be returned as a ``PlotlyFigure``.
Returns:
The gate map figure.
Example:
.. jupyter-execute::
:hide-code:
:hide-output:
from qiskit.test.ibmq_mock import mock_get_backend
mock_get_backend('FakeVigo')
.. jupyter-execute::
from qiskit import IBMQ
from qiskit.providers.ibmq.visualization import iplot_gate_map
IBMQ.load_account()
provider = IBMQ.get_provider(group='open', project='main')
backend = provider.get_backend('ibmq_vigo')
iplot_gate_map(backend, as_widget=True)
"""
config = backend.configuration()
n_qubits = config.n_qubits
cmap = config.coupling_map
# set coloring
if isinstance(qubit_color, str):
qubit_color = [qubit_color] * n_qubits
if isinstance(line_color, str):
line_color = [line_color] * len(cmap) if cmap else []
if n_qubits in DEVICE_LAYOUTS.keys():
grid_data = DEVICE_LAYOUTS[n_qubits]
else:
fig = go.Figure()
fig.update_layout(showlegend=False,
plot_bgcolor=background_color,
paper_bgcolor=background_color,
width=figsize[0], height=figsize[1],
margin=dict(t=30, l=0, r=0, b=0))
if as_widget:
return PlotlyWidget(fig)
return PlotlyFigure(fig)
offset = 0
if cmap:
if n_qubits in [14, 15, 16]:
offset = 1
if qubit_size is None:
qubit_size = 24
if font_size is None:
font_size = 10
if line_width is None:
line_width = 4
if figsize == (None, None):
figsize = (400, 200)
elif n_qubits == 27:
if qubit_size is None:
qubit_size = 24
if font_size is None:
font_size = 10
if line_width is None:
line_width = 4
if figsize == (None, None):
figsize = (400, 300)
else:
if qubit_size is None:
qubit_size = 32
if font_size is None:
font_size = 14
if line_width is None:
line_width = 6
if figsize == (None, None):
figsize = (300, 300)
else:
if figsize == (None, None):
figsize = (300, 300)
if qubit_size is None:
qubit_size = 30
fig = go.Figure()
# Add lines for couplings
if cmap:
for ind, edge in enumerate(cmap):
is_symmetric = False
if edge[::-1] in cmap:
is_symmetric = True
y_start = grid_data[edge[0]][0] + offset
x_start = grid_data[edge[0]][1]
y_end = grid_data[edge[1]][0] + offset
x_end = grid_data[edge[1]][1]
if is_symmetric:
if y_start == y_end:
x_end = (x_end - x_start) / 2 + x_start
x_mid = x_end
y_mid = y_start
elif x_start == x_end:
y_end = (y_end - y_start) / 2 + y_start
x_mid = x_start
y_mid = y_end
else:
x_end = (x_end - x_start) / 2 + x_start
y_end = (y_end - y_start) / 2 + y_start
x_mid = x_end
y_mid = y_end
else:
if y_start == y_end:
x_mid = (x_end - x_start) / 2 + x_start
y_mid = y_end
elif x_start == x_end:
x_mid = x_end
y_mid = (y_end - y_start) / 2 + y_start
else:
x_mid = (x_end - x_start) / 2 + x_start
y_mid = (y_end - y_start) / 2 + y_start
fig.add_trace(
go.Scatter(x=[x_start, x_mid, x_end],
y=[-y_start, -y_mid, -y_end],
mode="lines",
hoverinfo='none',
line=dict(width=line_width,
color=line_color[ind])))
# Add the qubits themselves
if qubit_labels is None:
qubit_text = []
qubit_str = "<b>Qubit {}"
for num in range(n_qubits):
qubit_text.append(qubit_str.format(num))
if n_qubits > 50:
if qubit_size is None:
qubit_size = 20
if font_size is None:
font_size = 9
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
x=[d[1] for d in grid_data],
y=[-d[0]-offset for d in grid_data],
mode="markers+text",
marker=go.scatter.Marker(size=qubit_size,
color=qubit_color,
opacity=1),
text=[str(ii) for ii in range(n_qubits)] if label_qubits else None,
textposition="middle center",
textfont=dict(size=font_size, color=font_color),
hoverinfo="text" if label_qubits else 'none',
hovertext=qubit_text))
fig.update_xaxes(visible=False)
_range = None
if offset:
_range = [-3.5, 0.5]
fig.update_yaxes(visible=False, range=_range)
fig.update_layout(showlegend=False,
plot_bgcolor=background_color,
paper_bgcolor=background_color,
width=figsize[0], height=figsize[1],
margin=dict(t=30, l=0, r=0, b=0))
if as_widget:
return PlotlyWidget(fig)
return PlotlyFigure(fig)