def testLong2(self):
strat = self.__createStrategy()
stratAnalyzer = trades.Trades()
strat.attachAnalyzer(stratAnalyzer)
# Enter long
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 0),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.14
# Extend long position
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 16),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.16
# Exit long
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 30),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.SELL,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 2) # 127.2
strat.run()
self.assertTrue(
round(strat.getBroker().getCash(), 2) == round(
1000 + (127.2 - 127.14) + (127.2 - 127.16), 2))
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getCount() == 1)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getEvenCount() == 0)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getAll().mean(), 2) == 0.1)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getProfitableCount() == 1)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getProfits().mean(), 2) == 0.1)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getUnprofitableCount() == 0)
def testShort3(self):
strat = self.__createStrategy()
stratAnalyzer = trades.Trades()
strat.attachAnalyzer(stratAnalyzer)
# Enter short
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 0),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.SELL_SHORT,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 2) # 127.14
# Decrease short position
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 16),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY_TO_COVER,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.16
# Exit short
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 30),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY_TO_COVER,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.2
strat.run()
self.assertTrue(
round(strat.getBroker().getCash(), 2) == round(
1000 + (127.14 - 127.16) + (127.14 - 127.2), 2))
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getCount() == 1)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getEvenCount() == 0)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getAll().mean(), 2) == -0.08)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getUnprofitableCount() == 1)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getLosses().mean(), 2) == -0.08)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getProfitableCount() == 0)
def testSomeTrades(self):
strat = self.__createStrategy()
stratAnalyzer = trades.Trades()
strat.attachAnalyzer(stratAnalyzer)
# Winning trade
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 0),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.14
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 16),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.SELL,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.16
# Losing trade
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 30),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.2
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 31),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.SELL,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.16
# Winning trade
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 38),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.16
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 42),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.SELL,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.26
# Open trade.
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 47),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.34
strat.run()
self.assertTrue(
round(strat.getBroker().getCash(), 2) == round(
1000 + (127.16 - 127.14) + (127.16 - 127.2) +
(127.26 - 127.16) - 127.34, 2))
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getCount() == 3)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getEvenCount() == 0)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getAll().mean(), 2) == 0.03)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getAll().std(ddof=1), 2) == 0.07)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getAll().std(ddof=0), 2) == 0.06)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getProfitableCount() == 2)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getProfits().mean(), 2) == 0.06)
self.assertTrue(
round(stratAnalyzer.getProfits().std(ddof=1), 2) == 0.06)
self.assertTrue(
round(stratAnalyzer.getProfits().std(ddof=0), 2) == 0.04)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getUnprofitableCount() == 1)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getLosses().mean(), 2) == -0.04)
self.assertTrue(math.isnan(stratAnalyzer.getLosses().std(ddof=1)))
def testSomeTrades_Position(self):
strat = self.__createPositionStrategy()
stratAnalyzer = trades.Trades()
strat.attachAnalyzer(stratAnalyzer)
# Winning trade
strat.addPosEntry(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 0), strat.enterLong,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.14
strat.addPosExitMarket(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 16)) # 127.16
# Losing trade
strat.addPosEntry(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15,
30), strat.enterLong,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.2
strat.addPosExitMarket(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 31)) # 127.16
# Winning trade
strat.addPosEntry(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15,
38), strat.enterLong,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.16
strat.addPosExitMarket(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 42)) # 127.26
# Unfinished trade not closed
strat.addPosEntry(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15,
47), strat.enterLong,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.34
strat.run()
self.assertTrue(
round(strat.getBroker().getCash(), 2) == round(
1000 + (127.16 - 127.14) + (127.16 - 127.2) +
(127.26 - 127.16) - 127.34, 2))
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getCount() == 3)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getEvenCount() == 0)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getAll().mean(), 2) == 0.03)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getAll().std(ddof=1), 2) == 0.07)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getAll().std(ddof=0), 2) == 0.06)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getProfitableCount() == 2)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getProfits().mean(), 2) == 0.06)
self.assertTrue(
round(stratAnalyzer.getProfits().std(ddof=1), 2) == 0.06)
self.assertTrue(
round(stratAnalyzer.getProfits().std(ddof=0), 2) == 0.04)
self.assertEqual(stratAnalyzer.getPositiveReturns()[0],
(127.16 - 127.14) / 127.14)
self.assertEqual(stratAnalyzer.getPositiveReturns()[1],
(127.26 - 127.16) / 127.16)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getUnprofitableCount() == 1)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getLosses().mean(), 2) == -0.04)
self.assertTrue(math.isnan(stratAnalyzer.getLosses().std(ddof=1)))
self.assertEqual(stratAnalyzer.getNegativeReturns()[0],
(127.16 - 127.2) / 127.2)
def testNoTrades(self):
strat = self.__createStrategy()
stratAnalyzer = trades.Trades()
strat.attachAnalyzer(stratAnalyzer)
strat.run()
self.assertTrue(strat.getBroker().getCash() == 1000)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getCount() == 0)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getEvenCount() == 0)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getProfitableCount() == 0)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getUnprofitableCount() == 0)
def testSomeTradesWithCommissions(self):
strat = self.__createStrategy()
strat.getBroker().setCommission(backtesting.FixedPerTrade(0.01))
stratAnalyzer = trades.Trades()
strat.attachAnalyzer(stratAnalyzer)
# Losing trade
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 30),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.2
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 31),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.SELL,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.16
# Winning trade
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 38),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.16
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 42),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.SELL,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.26
# Open trade.
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 47),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.34
strat.run()
self.assertTrue(
round(strat.getBroker().getCash(), 2) == round(
1000 + (127.16 - 127.2) + (127.26 - 127.16) - 127.34 -
0.01 * 5, 2))
self.assertTrue(
numpy.array_equal(stratAnalyzer.getCommissionsForAllTrades(),
numpy.array([0.02, 0.02])))
self.assertTrue(
numpy.array_equal(
stratAnalyzer.getCommissionsForProfitableTrades(),
numpy.array([0.02])))
self.assertTrue(
numpy.array_equal(
stratAnalyzer.getCommissionsForUnprofitableTrades(),
numpy.array([0.02])))
self.assertTrue(
numpy.array_equal(stratAnalyzer.getCommissionsForEvenTrades(),
numpy.array([])))
def testProportionalCommissionBug(self):
# Regression test for a bug reported by 'Jackson Sam' on 30/Aug/2013.
strat = self.__createStrategy()
strat.getBroker().setCommission(backtesting.FixedPerTrade(0.01))
stratAnalyzer = trades.Trades()
strat.attachAnalyzer(stratAnalyzer)
# There are 3 trades here:
# Trade 1 (Long)
# Buy 1 @ 127.16 Commission: 0.01
# Sell 1 @ 127.26 Commission: 0.005
# Trade 2 (Short)
# Sell 1 @ 127.26 Commission: 0.005
# Buy 1 @ 127.37 Commission: 0.005
# Trade 3 (Long)
# Buy 1 @ 127.37 Commission: 0.005
# Sell 1 @ 127.4 Commission: 0.01
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 38),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument,
1) # Fill at 127.16
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 42),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.SELL,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument,
2) # Fill at 127.26
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 53),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument,
2) # Fill at 127.37
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 58),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.SELL,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument,
1) # Fill at 127.4
strat.run()
allReturns = stratAnalyzer.getAllReturns()
self.assertEqual(round(allReturns[0], 6), 0.000668)
self.assertEqual(round(allReturns[1], 6), -0.000943)
self.assertEqual(round(allReturns[2], 6), 0.000118)
def testLongShort(self):
strat = self.__createStrategy()
stratAnalyzer = trades.Trades()
strat.attachAnalyzer(stratAnalyzer)
# Enter long
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 0),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.14
# Exit long and enter short
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 16),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.SELL,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 2) # 127.16
# Exit short
strat.addOrder(buildUTCDateTime(2011, 1, 3, 15, 30),
strat.getBroker().createMarketOrder,
broker.Order.Action.BUY_TO_COVER,
TradesAnalyzerTestCase.TestInstrument, 1) # 127.2
strat.run()
self.assertTrue(
round(strat.getBroker().getCash(), 2) == round(
1000 + (127.16 - 127.14) + (127.16 - 127.2), 2))
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getCount() == 2)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getEvenCount() == 0)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getAll().mean(), 2) == -0.01)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getAll().std(ddof=1), 4) == 0.0424)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getProfitableCount() == 1)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getProfits().mean(), 2) == 0.02)
self.assertTrue(stratAnalyzer.getUnprofitableCount() == 1)
self.assertTrue(round(stratAnalyzer.getLosses().mean(), 2) == -0.04)
# Load the bars. This file was manually downloaded from Yahoo Finance.
feed = yahoofeed.Feed()
feed.addBarsFromCSV("orcl", "orcl-2000-yahoofinance.csv")
# Evaluate the strategy with the feed's bars.
myStrategy = sma_crossover.SMACrossOver(feed, "orcl", 20)
# Attach different analyzers to a strategy before executing it.
retAnalyzer = returns.Returns()
myStrategy.attachAnalyzer(retAnalyzer)
sharpeRatioAnalyzer = sharpe.SharpeRatio()
myStrategy.attachAnalyzer(sharpeRatioAnalyzer)
drawDownAnalyzer = drawdown.DrawDown()
myStrategy.attachAnalyzer(drawDownAnalyzer)
tradesAnalyzer = trades.Trades()
myStrategy.attachAnalyzer(tradesAnalyzer)
# Run the strategy.
myStrategy.run()
print("Final portfolio value: $%.2f" % myStrategy.getResult())
print("Cumulative returns: %.2f %%" %
(retAnalyzer.getCumulativeReturns()[-1] * 100))
print("Sharpe ratio: %.2f" % (sharpeRatioAnalyzer.getSharpeRatio(0.05)))
print("Max. drawdown: %.2f %%" % (drawDownAnalyzer.getMaxDrawDown() * 100))
print("Longest drawdown duration: %s" %
(drawDownAnalyzer.getLongestDrawDownDuration()))
print("")
print("Total trades: %d" % (tradesAnalyzer.getCount()))