def setUp(self):
# Create a few Authors.
self.au1 = Author(name='Author 1')
self.au1.save()
self.au2 = Author(name='Author 2')
self.au2.save()
# Create a couple of Books.
self.b1 = Book(title='Book 1', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 26), author=self.au1)
self.b1.save()
self.b2 = Book(title='Book 2', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27), author=self.au1)
self.b2.save()
self.b3 = Book(title='Book 3', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27), author=self.au1)
self.b3.save()
self.b4 = Book(title='Book 4', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 28), author=self.au1)
self.b4.save()
self.b5 = Book(title='Book 5', pubdate=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 9, 0), author=self.au2)
self.b5.save()
self.b6 = Book(title='Book 6', pubdate=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 8, 0), author=self.au2)
self.b6.save()
self.b7 = Book(title='Book 7', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27), author=self.au2)
self.b7.save()
# Create a few Tags.
self.t1 = Tag(name='Tag 1')
self.t1.save()
self.t1.articles.add(self.b1, self.b2, self.b3)
self.t2 = Tag(name='Tag 2')
self.t2.save()
self.t2.articles.add(self.b3, self.b4, self.b5)
self.t3 = Tag(name='Tag 3')
self.t3.save()
self.t3.articles.add(self.b5, self.b6, self.b7)
def test_m2m_signals(self):
""" Assigning and removing to/from m2m shouldn't generate an m2m signal """
b1 = Book(title='Snow Crash', pubdate='2012-02-02 12:00')
self.get_signal_output(b1.save)
a1 = Author(name='Neal Stephenson')
self.get_signal_output(a1.save)
self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(setattr, b1, 'authors', [a1]),
[])
self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(setattr, b1, 'authors', []),
[])
def test_model_signals(self):
""" Model saves should throw some signals. """
a1 = Author(name='Neal Stephenson')
self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(a1.save), [
"pre_save signal, Neal Stephenson",
"post_save signal, Neal Stephenson", "Is created"
])
b1 = Book(title='Snow Crash', pubdate='2012-02-02 12:00')
self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(b1.save), [
"pre_save signal, Snow Crash", "post_save signal, Snow Crash",
"Is created"
])
def test_escaping(self):
# Underscores, percent signs and backslashes have special meaning in the
# underlying SQL code, but Django handles the quoting of them automatically.
b8 = Book(title='Book_ with underscore', pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 20))
b8.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book'),
[
'<Book: Book_ with underscore>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book_'),
['<Book: Book_ with underscore>'])
b9 = Book(title='Book% with percent sign', pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 21))
b9.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book'),
[
'<Book: Book% with percent sign>',
'<Book: Book_ with underscore>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book%'),
['<Book: Book% with percent sign>'])
b10 = Book(title='Book with \\ backslash', pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 22))
b10.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__contains='\\'),
['<Book: Book with \ backslash>'])
class LookupTests(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# Create a few Authors.
self.au1 = Author(name='Author 1')
self.au1.save()
self.au2 = Author(name='Author 2')
self.au2.save()
# Create a couple of Books.
self.b1 = Book(title='Book 1', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 26), author=self.au1)
self.b1.save()
self.b2 = Book(title='Book 2', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27), author=self.au1)
self.b2.save()
self.b3 = Book(title='Book 3', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27), author=self.au1)
self.b3.save()
self.b4 = Book(title='Book 4', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 28), author=self.au1)
self.b4.save()
self.b5 = Book(title='Book 5', pubdate=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 9, 0), author=self.au2)
self.b5.save()
self.b6 = Book(title='Book 6', pubdate=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 8, 0), author=self.au2)
self.b6.save()
self.b7 = Book(title='Book 7', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27), author=self.au2)
self.b7.save()
# Create a few Tags.
self.t1 = Tag(name='Tag 1')
self.t1.save()
self.t1.articles.add(self.b1, self.b2, self.b3)
self.t2 = Tag(name='Tag 2')
self.t2.save()
self.t2.articles.add(self.b3, self.b4, self.b5)
self.t3 = Tag(name='Tag 3')
self.t3.save()
self.t3.articles.add(self.b5, self.b6, self.b7)
def test_exists(self):
# We can use .exists() to check that there are some
self.assertTrue(Book.objects.exists())
for a in Book.objects.all():
a.delete()
# There should be none now!
self.assertFalse(Book.objects.exists())
def test_lookup_int_as_str(self):
# Integer value can be queried using string
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(id__iexact=str(self.b1.id)),
['<Book: Book 1>'])
@skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_date_lookup_using_string')
def test_lookup_date_as_str(self):
# A date lookup can be performed using a string search
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(pubdate__startswith='2005'),
[
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
def test_iterator(self):
# Each QuerySet gets iterator(), which is a generator that "lazily"
# returns results using database-level iteration.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.iterator(),
[
'Book 5',
'Book 6',
'Book 4',
'Book 2',
'Book 3',
'Book 7',
'Book 1',
],
transform=attrgetter('title'))
# iterator() can be used on any QuerySet.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__endswith='4').iterator(),
['Book 4'],
transform=attrgetter('title'))
def test_count(self):
# count() returns the number of objects matching search criteria.
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.count(), 7)
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.filter(pubdate__exact=datetime(2005, 7, 27)).count(), 3)
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Blah blah').count(), 0)
# count() should respect sliced query sets.
articles = Book.objects.all()
self.assertEqual(articles.count(), 7)
self.assertEqual(articles[:4].count(), 4)
self.assertEqual(articles[1:100].count(), 6)
self.assertEqual(articles[10:100].count(), 0)
# Date and date/time lookups can also be done with strings.
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.filter(pubdate__exact='2005-07-27').count(), 3)
def test_in_bulk(self):
# in_bulk() takes a list of IDs and returns a dictionary mapping IDs to objects.
arts = Book.objects.in_bulk([self.b1.id, self.b2.id])
self.assertEqual(arts[self.b1.id], self.b1)
self.assertEqual(arts[self.b2.id], self.b2)
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk([self.b3.id]), {self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(set([self.b3.id])), {self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(frozenset([self.b3.id])), {self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk((self.b3.id,)), {self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk([1000]), {})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk([]), {})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(iter([self.b1.id])), {self.b1.id: self.b1})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(iter([])), {})
self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book.objects.in_bulk)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book.objects.in_bulk, name__startswith='Blah')
def test_values(self):
# values() returns a list of dictionaries instead of object instances --
# and you can specify which fields you want to retrieve.
identity = lambda x:x
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values('title'),
[
{'title': 'Book 5'},
{'title': 'Book 6'},
{'title': 'Book 4'},
{'title': 'Book 2'},
{'title': 'Book 3'},
{'title': 'Book 7'},
{'title': 'Book 1'},
],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(pubdate__exact=datetime(2005, 7, 27)).values('id'),
[{'id': self.b2.id}, {'id': self.b3.id}, {'id': self.b7.id}],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values('id', 'title'),
[
{'id': self.b5.id, 'title': 'Book 5'},
{'id': self.b6.id, 'title': 'Book 6'},
{'id': self.b4.id, 'title': 'Book 4'},
{'id': self.b2.id, 'title': 'Book 2'},
{'id': self.b3.id, 'title': 'Book 3'},
{'id': self.b7.id, 'title': 'Book 7'},
{'id': self.b1.id, 'title': 'Book 1'},
],
transform=identity)
# You can use values() with iterator() for memory savings,
# because iterator() uses database-level iteration.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values('id', 'title').iterator(),
[
{'title': 'Book 5', 'id': self.b5.id},
{'title': 'Book 6', 'id': self.b6.id},
{'title': 'Book 4', 'id': self.b4.id},
{'title': 'Book 2', 'id': self.b2.id},
{'title': 'Book 3', 'id': self.b3.id},
{'title': 'Book 7', 'id': self.b7.id},
{'title': 'Book 1', 'id': self.b1.id},
],
transform=identity)
# The values() method works with "extra" fields specified in extra(select).
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.extra(select={'id_plus_one': 'id + 1'}).values('id', 'id_plus_one'),
[
{'id': self.b5.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b5.id + 1},
{'id': self.b6.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b6.id + 1},
{'id': self.b4.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b4.id + 1},
{'id': self.b2.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b2.id + 1},
{'id': self.b3.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b3.id + 1},
{'id': self.b7.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b7.id + 1},
{'id': self.b1.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b1.id + 1},
],
transform=identity)
data = {
'id_plus_one': 'id+1',
'id_plus_two': 'id+2',
'id_plus_three': 'id+3',
'id_plus_four': 'id+4',
'id_plus_five': 'id+5',
'id_plus_six': 'id+6',
'id_plus_seven': 'id+7',
'id_plus_eight': 'id+8',
}
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(id=self.b1.id).extra(select=data).values(*data.keys()),
[{
'id_plus_one': self.b1.id + 1,
'id_plus_two': self.b1.id + 2,
'id_plus_three': self.b1.id + 3,
'id_plus_four': self.b1.id + 4,
'id_plus_five': self.b1.id + 5,
'id_plus_six': self.b1.id + 6,
'id_plus_seven': self.b1.id + 7,
'id_plus_eight': self.b1.id + 8,
}], transform=identity)
# You can specify fields from forward and reverse relations, just like filter().
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.values('title', 'author__name'),
[
{'title': self.b5.title, 'author__name': self.au2.name},
{'title': self.b6.title, 'author__name': self.au2.name},
{'title': self.b4.title, 'author__name': self.au1.name},
{'title': self.b2.title, 'author__name': self.au1.name},
{'title': self.b3.title, 'author__name': self.au1.name},
{'title': self.b7.title, 'author__name': self.au2.name},
{'title': self.b1.title, 'author__name': self.au1.name},
], transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Author.objects.values('name', 'book__title').order_by('name', 'book__title'),
[
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b1.title},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b2.title},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b3.title},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b4.title},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b5.title},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b6.title},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b7.title},
], transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Author.objects.values('name', 'book__title', 'book__tag__name').order_by('name', 'book__title', 'book__tag__name'),
[
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b1.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t1.name},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b2.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t1.name},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b3.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t1.name},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b3.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t2.name},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b4.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t2.name},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b5.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t2.name},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b5.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t3.name},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b6.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t3.name},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b7.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t3.name},
], transform=identity)
# However, an exception FieldDoesNotExist will be thrown if you specify
# a non-existent field name in values() (a field that is neither in the
# model nor in extra(select)).
self.assertRaises(FieldError,
Book.objects.extra(select={'id_plus_one': 'id + 1'}).values,
'id', 'id_plus_two')
# If you don't specify field names to values(), all are returned.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(id=self.b5.id).values(),
[{
'id': self.b5.id,
'author_id': self.au2.id,
'title': 'Book 5',
'pages': 0,
'pubdate': datetime(2005, 8, 1, 9, 0)
}], transform=identity)
def test_values_list(self):
# values_list() is similar to values(), except that the results are
# returned as a list of tuples, rather than a list of dictionaries.
# Within each tuple, the order of the elements is the same as the order
# of fields in the values_list() call.
identity = lambda x:x
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values_list('title'),
[
('Book 5',),
('Book 6',),
('Book 4',),
('Book 2',),
('Book 3',),
('Book 7',),
('Book 1',),
], transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values_list('id').order_by('id'),
[(self.b1.id,), (self.b2.id,), (self.b3.id,), (self.b4.id,), (self.b5.id,), (self.b6.id,), (self.b7.id,)],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.values_list('id', flat=True).order_by('id'),
[self.b1.id, self.b2.id, self.b3.id, self.b4.id, self.b5.id, self.b6.id, self.b7.id],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.extra(select={'id_plus_one': 'id+1'})
.order_by('id').values_list('id'),
[(self.b1.id,), (self.b2.id,), (self.b3.id,), (self.b4.id,), (self.b5.id,), (self.b6.id,), (self.b7.id,)],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.extra(select={'id_plus_one': 'id+1'})
.order_by('id').values_list('id_plus_one', 'id'),
[
(self.b1.id+1, self.b1.id),
(self.b2.id+1, self.b2.id),
(self.b3.id+1, self.b3.id),
(self.b4.id+1, self.b4.id),
(self.b5.id+1, self.b5.id),
(self.b6.id+1, self.b6.id),
(self.b7.id+1, self.b7.id)
],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.extra(select={'id_plus_one': 'id+1'})
.order_by('id').values_list('id', 'id_plus_one'),
[
(self.b1.id, self.b1.id+1),
(self.b2.id, self.b2.id+1),
(self.b3.id, self.b3.id+1),
(self.b4.id, self.b4.id+1),
(self.b5.id, self.b5.id+1),
(self.b6.id, self.b6.id+1),
(self.b7.id, self.b7.id+1)
],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Author.objects.values_list('name', 'book__title', 'book__tag__name').order_by('name', 'book__title', 'book__tag__name'),
[
(self.au1.name, self.b1.title, self.t1.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b2.title, self.t1.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b3.title, self.t1.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b3.title, self.t2.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b4.title, self.t2.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b5.title, self.t2.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b5.title, self.t3.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b6.title, self.t3.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b7.title, self.t3.name),
], transform=identity)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book.objects.values_list, 'id', 'title', flat=True)
def test_get_next_previous_by(self):
# Every DateField and DateTimeField creates get_next_by_FOO() aself.a1.id + 1),
(self.a2.id, self.a2.id + 1),
(self.a3.id, self.a3.id + 1),
(self.a4.id, self.a4.id + 1),
(self.a5.id, self.a5.id + 1),
(self.a6.id, self.a6.id + 1),
(self.a7.id, self.a7.id + 1)
],
def test_regex_backreferencing(self):
# grouping and backreferences
now = datetime.now()
b10 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobar')
b10.save()
b11 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobaz')
b11.save()
b12 = Book(pubdate=now, title='ooF')
b12.save()
b13 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobarbaz')
b13.save()
b14 = Book(pubdate=now, title='zoocarfaz')
b14.save()
b15 = Book(pubdate=now, title='barfoobaz')
b15.save()
b16 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bazbaRFOO')
b16.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'b(.).*b\1'),
['<Book: barfoobaz>', '<Book: bazbaRFOO>', '<Book: foobarbaz>'])
def test_regex(self):
# Create some articles with a bit more interesting names for testing field lookups:
for a in Book.objects.all():
a.delete()
now = datetime.now()
b1 = Book(pubdate=now, title='f')
b1.save()
b2 = Book(pubdate=now, title='fo')
b2.save()
b3 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foo')
b3.save()
b4 = Book(pubdate=now, title='fooo')
b4.save()
b5 = Book(pubdate=now, title='hey-Foo')
b5.save()
b6 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bar')
b6.save()
b7 = Book(pubdate=now, title='AbBa')
b7.save()
b8 = Book(pubdate=now, title='baz')
b8.save()
b9 = Book(pubdate=now, title='baxZ')
b9.save()
# zero-or-more
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fo*'),
['<Book: f>', '<Book: fo>', '<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'fo*'),
[
'<Book: f>',
'<Book: fo>',
'<Book: foo>',
'<Book: fooo>',
'<Book: hey-Foo>',
])
# one-or-more
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fo+'),
['<Book: fo>', '<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
# wildcard
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fooo?'),
['<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
# leading anchor
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'^b'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'^a'),
['<Book: AbBa>'])
# trailing anchor
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'z$'),
['<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'z$'),
['<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
# character sets
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'ba[rz]'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'ba.[RxZ]'),
['<Book: baxZ>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'ba[RxZ]'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
# and more articles:
b10 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobar')
b10.save()
b11 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobaz')
b11.save()
b12 = Book(pubdate=now, title='ooF')
b12.save()
b13 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobarbaz')
b13.save()
b14 = Book(pubdate=now, title='zoocarfaz')
b14.save()
b15 = Book(pubdate=now, title='barfoobaz')
b15.save()
b16 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bazbaRFOO')
b16.save()
# alternation
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'oo(f|b)'),
[
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'oo(f|b)'),
[
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
'<Book: ooF>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'^foo(f|b)'),
['<Book: foobar>', '<Book: foobarbaz>', '<Book: foobaz>'])
# greedy matching
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'b.*az'),
[
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: baz>',
'<Book: bazbaRFOO>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'b.*ar'),
[
'<Book: bar>',
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: bazbaRFOO>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
])
class LookupTests(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# Create a few Authors.
self.au1 = Author(name='Author 1')
self.au1.save()
self.au2 = Author(name='Author 2')
self.au2.save()
# Create a couple of Books.
self.b1 = Book(title='Book 1', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 26), author=self.au1)
self.b1.save()
self.b2 = Book(title='Book 2', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27), author=self.au1)
self.b2.save()
self.b3 = Book(title='Book 3', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27), author=self.au1)
self.b3.save()
self.b4 = Book(title='Book 4', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 28), author=self.au1)
self.b4.save()
self.b5 = Book(title='Book 5', pubdate=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 9, 0), author=self.au2)
self.b5.save()
self.b6 = Book(title='Book 6', pubdate=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 8, 0), author=self.au2)
self.b6.save()
self.b7 = Book(title='Book 7', pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27), author=self.au2)
self.b7.save()
# Create a few Tags.
self.t1 = Tag(name='Tag 1')
self.t1.save()
self.t1.articles.add(self.b1, self.b2, self.b3)
self.t2 = Tag(name='Tag 2')
self.t2.save()
self.t2.articles.add(self.b3, self.b4, self.b5)
self.t3 = Tag(name='Tag 3')
self.t3.save()
self.t3.articles.add(self.b5, self.b6, self.b7)
def test_exists(self):
# We can use .exists() to check that there are some
self.assertTrue(Book.objects.exists())
for a in Book.objects.all():
a.delete()
# There should be none now!
self.assertFalse(Book.objects.exists())
def test_lookup_int_as_str(self):
# Integer value can be queried using string
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(id__iexact=str(self.b1.id)),
['<Book: Book 1>'])
@skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_date_lookup_using_string')
def test_lookup_date_as_str(self):
# A date lookup can be performed using a string search
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(pubdate__startswith='2005'),
[
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
def test_iterator(self):
# Each QuerySet gets iterator(), which is a generator that "lazily"
# returns results using database-level iteration.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.iterator(),
[
'Book 5',
'Book 6',
'Book 4',
'Book 2',
'Book 3',
'Book 7',
'Book 1',
],
transform=attrgetter('title'))
# iterator() can be used on any QuerySet.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__endswith='4').iterator(),
['Book 4'],
transform=attrgetter('title'))
def test_count(self):
# count() returns the number of objects matching search criteria.
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.count(), 7)
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.filter(pubdate__exact=datetime(2005, 7, 27)).count(), 3)
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Blah blah').count(), 0)
# count() should respect sliced query sets.
articles = Book.objects.all()
self.assertEqual(articles.count(), 7)
self.assertEqual(articles[:4].count(), 4)
self.assertEqual(articles[1:100].count(), 6)
self.assertEqual(articles[10:100].count(), 0)
# Date and date/time lookups can also be done with strings.
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.filter(pubdate__exact='2005-07-27').count(), 3)
def test_in_bulk(self):
# in_bulk() takes a list of IDs and returns a dictionary mapping IDs to objects.
arts = Book.objects.in_bulk([self.b1.id, self.b2.id])
self.assertEqual(arts[self.b1.id], self.b1)
self.assertEqual(arts[self.b2.id], self.b2)
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk([self.b3.id]), {self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(set([self.b3.id])), {self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(frozenset([self.b3.id])), {self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk((self.b3.id,)), {self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk([1000]), {})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk([]), {})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(iter([self.b1.id])), {self.b1.id: self.b1})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(iter([])), {})
self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book.objects.in_bulk)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book.objects.in_bulk, name__startswith='Blah')
def test_values(self):
# values() returns a list of dictionaries instead of object instances --
# and you can specify which fields you want to retrieve.
identity = lambda x:x
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values('title'),
[
{'title': 'Book 5'},
{'title': 'Book 6'},
{'title': 'Book 4'},
{'title': 'Book 2'},
{'title': 'Book 3'},
{'title': 'Book 7'},
{'title': 'Book 1'},
],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(pubdate__exact=datetime(2005, 7, 27)).values('id'),
[{'id': self.b2.id}, {'id': self.b3.id}, {'id': self.b7.id}],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values('id', 'title'),
[
{'id': self.b5.id, 'title': 'Book 5'},
{'id': self.b6.id, 'title': 'Book 6'},
{'id': self.b4.id, 'title': 'Book 4'},
{'id': self.b2.id, 'title': 'Book 2'},
{'id': self.b3.id, 'title': 'Book 3'},
{'id': self.b7.id, 'title': 'Book 7'},
{'id': self.b1.id, 'title': 'Book 1'},
],
transform=identity)
# You can use values() with iterator() for memory savings,
# because iterator() uses database-level iteration.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values('id', 'title').iterator(),
[
{'title': 'Book 5', 'id': self.b5.id},
{'title': 'Book 6', 'id': self.b6.id},
{'title': 'Book 4', 'id': self.b4.id},
{'title': 'Book 2', 'id': self.b2.id},
{'title': 'Book 3', 'id': self.b3.id},
{'title': 'Book 7', 'id': self.b7.id},
{'title': 'Book 1', 'id': self.b1.id},
],
transform=identity)
# The values() method works with "extra" fields specified in extra(select).
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.extra(select={'id_plus_one': 'id + 1'}).values('id', 'id_plus_one'),
[
{'id': self.b5.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b5.id + 1},
{'id': self.b6.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b6.id + 1},
{'id': self.b4.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b4.id + 1},
{'id': self.b2.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b2.id + 1},
{'id': self.b3.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b3.id + 1},
{'id': self.b7.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b7.id + 1},
{'id': self.b1.id, 'id_plus_one': self.b1.id + 1},
],
transform=identity)
data = {
'id_plus_one': 'id+1',
'id_plus_two': 'id+2',
'id_plus_three': 'id+3',
'id_plus_four': 'id+4',
'id_plus_five': 'id+5',
'id_plus_six': 'id+6',
'id_plus_seven': 'id+7',
'id_plus_eight': 'id+8',
}
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(id=self.b1.id).extra(select=data).values(*data.keys()),
[{
'id_plus_one': self.b1.id + 1,
'id_plus_two': self.b1.id + 2,
'id_plus_three': self.b1.id + 3,
'id_plus_four': self.b1.id + 4,
'id_plus_five': self.b1.id + 5,
'id_plus_six': self.b1.id + 6,
'id_plus_seven': self.b1.id + 7,
'id_plus_eight': self.b1.id + 8,
}], transform=identity)
# You can specify fields from forward and reverse relations, just like filter().
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.values('title', 'author__name'),
[
{'title': self.b5.title, 'author__name': self.au2.name},
{'title': self.b6.title, 'author__name': self.au2.name},
{'title': self.b4.title, 'author__name': self.au1.name},
{'title': self.b2.title, 'author__name': self.au1.name},
{'title': self.b3.title, 'author__name': self.au1.name},
{'title': self.b7.title, 'author__name': self.au2.name},
{'title': self.b1.title, 'author__name': self.au1.name},
], transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Author.objects.values('name', 'book__title').order_by('name', 'book__title'),
[
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b1.title},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b2.title},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b3.title},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b4.title},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b5.title},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b6.title},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b7.title},
], transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Author.objects.values('name', 'book__title', 'book__tag__name').order_by('name', 'book__title', 'book__tag__name'),
[
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b1.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t1.name},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b2.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t1.name},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b3.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t1.name},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b3.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t2.name},
{'name': self.au1.name, 'book__title': self.b4.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t2.name},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b5.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t2.name},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b5.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t3.name},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b6.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t3.name},
{'name': self.au2.name, 'book__title': self.b7.title, 'book__tag__name': self.t3.name},
], transform=identity)
# However, an exception FieldDoesNotExist will be thrown if you specify
# a non-existent field name in values() (a field that is neither in the
# model nor in extra(select)).
self.assertRaises(FieldError,
Book.objects.extra(select={'id_plus_one': 'id + 1'}).values,
'id', 'id_plus_two')
# If you don't specify field names to values(), all are returned.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(id=self.b5.id).values(),
[{
'id': self.b5.id,
'author_id': self.au2.id,
'title': 'Book 5',
'pages': 0,
'pubdate': datetime(2005, 8, 1, 9, 0)
}], transform=identity)
def test_values_list(self):
# values_list() is similar to values(), except that the results are
# returned as a list of tuples, rather than a list of dictionaries.
# Within each tuple, the order of the elements is the same as the order
# of fields in the values_list() call.
identity = lambda x:x
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values_list('title'),
[
('Book 5',),
('Book 6',),
('Book 4',),
('Book 2',),
('Book 3',),
('Book 7',),
('Book 1',),
], transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values_list('id').order_by('id'),
[(self.b1.id,), (self.b2.id,), (self.b3.id,), (self.b4.id,), (self.b5.id,), (self.b6.id,), (self.b7.id,)],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.values_list('id', flat=True).order_by('id'),
[self.b1.id, self.b2.id, self.b3.id, self.b4.id, self.b5.id, self.b6.id, self.b7.id],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.extra(select={'id_plus_one': 'id+1'})
.order_by('id').values_list('id'),
[(self.b1.id,), (self.b2.id,), (self.b3.id,), (self.b4.id,), (self.b5.id,), (self.b6.id,), (self.b7.id,)],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.extra(select={'id_plus_one': 'id+1'})
.order_by('id').values_list('id_plus_one', 'id'),
[
(self.b1.id+1, self.b1.id),
(self.b2.id+1, self.b2.id),
(self.b3.id+1, self.b3.id),
(self.b4.id+1, self.b4.id),
(self.b5.id+1, self.b5.id),
(self.b6.id+1, self.b6.id),
(self.b7.id+1, self.b7.id)
],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.extra(select={'id_plus_one': 'id+1'})
.order_by('id').values_list('id', 'id_plus_one'),
[
(self.b1.id, self.b1.id+1),
(self.b2.id, self.b2.id+1),
(self.b3.id, self.b3.id+1),
(self.b4.id, self.b4.id+1),
(self.b5.id, self.b5.id+1),
(self.b6.id, self.b6.id+1),
(self.b7.id, self.b7.id+1)
],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Author.objects.values_list('name', 'book__title', 'book__tag__name').order_by('name', 'book__title', 'book__tag__name'),
[
(self.au1.name, self.b1.title, self.t1.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b2.title, self.t1.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b3.title, self.t1.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b3.title, self.t2.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b4.title, self.t2.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b5.title, self.t2.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b5.title, self.t3.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b6.title, self.t3.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b7.title, self.t3.name),
], transform=identity)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book.objects.values_list, 'id', 'title', flat=True)
def test_get_next_previous_by(self):
# Every DateField and DateTimeField creates get_next_by_FOO() and
# get_previous_by_FOO() methods. In the case of identical date values,
# these methods will use the ID as a fallback check. This guarantees
# that no records are skipped or duplicated.
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b1.get_next_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 2>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b2.get_next_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 3>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b2.get_next_by_pubdate(title__endswith='6')),
'<Book: Book 6>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b3.get_next_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 7>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b4.get_next_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 6>')
self.assertRaises(Book.DoesNotExist, self.b5.get_next_by_pubdate)
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b6.get_next_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 5>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b7.get_next_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 4>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b7.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 3>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b6.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 4>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b5.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 6>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b4.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 7>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b3.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 2>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b2.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 1>')
def test_escaping(self):
# Underscores, percent signs and backslashes have special meaning in the
# underlying SQL code, but Django handles the quoting of them automatically.
b8 = Book(title='Book_ with underscore', pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 20))
b8.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book'),
[
'<Book: Book_ with underscore>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book_'),
['<Book: Book_ with underscore>'])
b9 = Book(title='Book% with percent sign', pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 21))
b9.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book'),
[
'<Book: Book% with percent sign>',
'<Book: Book_ with underscore>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book%'),
['<Book: Book% with percent sign>'])
b10 = Book(title='Book with \\ backslash', pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 22))
b10.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__contains='\\'),
['<Book: Book with \ backslash>'])
def test_exclude(self):
b8 = Book.objects.create(title='Book_ with underscore', pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 20))
b9 = Book.objects.create(title='Book% with percent sign', pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 21))
b10 = Book.objects.create(title='Book with \\ backslash', pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 22))
# exclude() is the opposite of filter() when doing lookups:
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__contains='Book').exclude(title__contains='with'),
[
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.exclude(title__startswith="Book_"),
[
'<Book: Book with \\ backslash>',
'<Book: Book% with percent sign>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.exclude(title="Book 7"),
[
'<Book: Book with \\ backslash>',
'<Book: Book% with percent sign>',
'<Book: Book_ with underscore>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
def test_none(self):
# none() returns a QuerySet that behaves like any other QuerySet object
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.none(), [])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.none().filter(title__startswith='Book'), [])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book').none(), [])
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.none().count(), 0)
self.assertEqual(
Book.objects.none().update(title="This should not take effect"), 0)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
[article for article in Book.objects.none().iterator()],
[])
def test_in(self):
# using __in with an empty list should return an empty query set
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(id__in=[]), [])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.exclude(id__in=[]),
[
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
def test_error_messages(self):
# Programming errors are pointed out with nice error messages
with six.assertRaisesRegex(self, FieldError, "Cannot resolve keyword 'pubdate_year' "
"into field. Choices are: .+"):
Book.objects.filter(pubdate_year='2005').count()
with self.assertRaises(FieldError, msg="Join on field 'title' not permitted. "
"Did you misspell 'starts' for the lookup type?"):
Book.objects.filter(title__starts='Book')
def test_regex(self):
# Create some articles with a bit more interesting names for testing field lookups:
for a in Book.objects.all():
a.delete()
now = datetime.now()
b1 = Book(pubdate=now, title='f')
b1.save()
b2 = Book(pubdate=now, title='fo')
b2.save()
b3 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foo')
b3.save()
b4 = Book(pubdate=now, title='fooo')
b4.save()
b5 = Book(pubdate=now, title='hey-Foo')
b5.save()
b6 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bar')
b6.save()
b7 = Book(pubdate=now, title='AbBa')
b7.save()
b8 = Book(pubdate=now, title='baz')
b8.save()
b9 = Book(pubdate=now, title='baxZ')
b9.save()
# zero-or-more
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fo*'),
['<Book: f>', '<Book: fo>', '<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'fo*'),
[
'<Book: f>',
'<Book: fo>',
'<Book: foo>',
'<Book: fooo>',
'<Book: hey-Foo>',
])
# one-or-more
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fo+'),
['<Book: fo>', '<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
# wildcard
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fooo?'),
['<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
# leading anchor
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'^b'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'^a'),
['<Book: AbBa>'])
# trailing anchor
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'z$'),
['<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'z$'),
['<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
# character sets
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'ba[rz]'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'ba.[RxZ]'),
['<Book: baxZ>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'ba[RxZ]'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
# and more articles:
b10 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobar')
b10.save()
b11 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobaz')
b11.save()
b12 = Book(pubdate=now, title='ooF')
b12.save()
b13 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobarbaz')
b13.save()
b14 = Book(pubdate=now, title='zoocarfaz')
b14.save()
b15 = Book(pubdate=now, title='barfoobaz')
b15.save()
b16 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bazbaRFOO')
b16.save()
# alternation
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'oo(f|b)'),
[
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'oo(f|b)'),
[
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
'<Book: ooF>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'^foo(f|b)'),
['<Book: foobar>', '<Book: foobarbaz>', '<Book: foobaz>'])
# greedy matching
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'b.*az'),
[
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: baz>',
'<Book: bazbaRFOO>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'b.*ar'),
[
'<Book: bar>',
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: bazbaRFOO>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
])
@skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_regex_backreferencing')
def test_regex_backreferencing(self):
# grouping and backreferences
now = datetime.now()
b10 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobar')
b10.save()
b11 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobaz')
b11.save()
b12 = Book(pubdate=now, title='ooF')
b12.save()
b13 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobarbaz')
b13.save()
b14 = Book(pubdate=now, title='zoocarfaz')
b14.save()
b15 = Book(pubdate=now, title='barfoobaz')
b15.save()
b16 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bazbaRFOO')
b16.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'b(.).*b\1'),
['<Book: barfoobaz>', '<Book: bazbaRFOO>', '<Book: foobarbaz>'])
def test_nonfield_lookups(self):
"""
Ensure that a lookup query containing non-fields raises the proper
exception.
"""
with self.assertRaises(FieldError):
Book.objects.filter(name__blahblah=99)
with self.assertRaises(FieldError):
Book.objects.filter(name__blahblah__exact=99)
with self.assertRaises(FieldError):
Book.objects.filter(blahblah=99)
def test_lookup_collision(self):
"""
Ensure that genuine field names don't collide with built-in lookup
types ('year', 'gt', 'range', 'in' etc.).
Refs #11670.
"""
# Here we're using 'gt' as a code number for the year, e.g. 111=>2009.
season_2009 = Season.objects.create(year=2009, gt=111)
season_2009.games.create(home="Houston Astros", away="St. Louis Cardinals")
season_2010 = Season.objects.create(year=2010, gt=222)
season_2010.games.create(home="Houston Astros", away="Chicago Cubs")
season_2010.games.create(home="Houston Astros", away="Milwaukee Brewers")
season_2010.games.create(home="Houston Astros", away="St. Louis Cardinals")
season_2011 = Season.objects.create(year=2011, gt=333)
season_2011.games.create(home="Houston Astros", away="St. Louis Cardinals")
season_2011.games.create(home="Houston Astros", away="Milwaukee Brewers")
hunter_pence = Player.objects.create(name="Hunter Pence")
hunter_pence.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2009, 2010])
pudge = Player.objects.create(name="Ivan Rodriquez")
pudge.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year=2009)
pedro_feliz = Player.objects.create(name="Pedro Feliz")
pedro_feliz.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2011])
johnson = Player.objects.create(name="Johnson")
johnson.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2011])
# Games in 2010
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year=2010).count(), 3)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year__exact=2010).count(), 3)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt=222).count(), 3)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt__exact=222).count(), 3)
# Games in 2011
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year=2011).count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year__exact=2011).count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt=333).count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt__exact=333).count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year__gt=2010).count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt__gt=222).count(), 2)
# Games played in 2010 and 2011
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2010, 2011]).count(), 5)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year__gt=2009).count(), 5)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt__in=[222, 333]).count(), 5)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt__gt=111).count(), 5)
# Players who played in 2009
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__year=2009).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__year__exact=2009).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__gt=111).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__gt__exact=111).distinct().count(), 2)
# Players who played in 2010
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__year=2010).distinct().count(), 1)
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__year__exact=2010).distinct().count(), 1)
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__gt=222).distinct().count(), 1)
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__gt__exact=222).distinct().count(), 1)
# Players who played in 2011
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__year=2011).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__year__exact=2011).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__gt=333).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__year__gt=2010).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Player.objects.filter(games__season__gt__gt=222).distinct().count(), 2)
def test_regex_backreferencing(self):
# grouping and backreferences
now = datetime.now()
b10 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobar')
b10.save()
b11 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobaz')
b11.save()
b12 = Book(pubdate=now, title='ooF')
b12.save()
b13 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobarbaz')
b13.save()
b14 = Book(pubdate=now, title='zoocarfaz')
b14.save()
b15 = Book(pubdate=now, title='barfoobaz')
b15.save()
b16 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bazbaRFOO')
b16.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'b(.).*b\1'),
['<Book: barfoobaz>', '<Book: bazbaRFOO>', '<Book: foobarbaz>'])
def test_regex(self):
# Create some articles with a bit more interesting names for testing field lookups:
for a in Book.objects.all():
a.delete()
now = datetime.now()
b1 = Book(pubdate=now, title='f')
b1.save()
b2 = Book(pubdate=now, title='fo')
b2.save()
b3 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foo')
b3.save()
b4 = Book(pubdate=now, title='fooo')
b4.save()
b5 = Book(pubdate=now, title='hey-Foo')
b5.save()
b6 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bar')
b6.save()
b7 = Book(pubdate=now, title='AbBa')
b7.save()
b8 = Book(pubdate=now, title='baz')
b8.save()
b9 = Book(pubdate=now, title='baxZ')
b9.save()
# zero-or-more
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fo*'),
['<Book: f>', '<Book: fo>', '<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'fo*'), [
'<Book: f>',
'<Book: fo>',
'<Book: foo>',
'<Book: fooo>',
'<Book: hey-Foo>',
])
# one-or-more
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fo+'),
['<Book: fo>', '<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
# wildcard
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fooo?'),
['<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
# leading anchor
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'^b'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'^a'),
['<Book: AbBa>'])
# trailing anchor
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'z$'),
['<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'z$'),
['<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
# character sets
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'ba[rz]'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'ba.[RxZ]'),
['<Book: baxZ>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'ba[RxZ]'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
# and more articles:
b10 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobar')
b10.save()
b11 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobaz')
b11.save()
b12 = Book(pubdate=now, title='ooF')
b12.save()
b13 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobarbaz')
b13.save()
b14 = Book(pubdate=now, title='zoocarfaz')
b14.save()
b15 = Book(pubdate=now, title='barfoobaz')
b15.save()
b16 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bazbaRFOO')
b16.save()
# alternation
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'oo(f|b)'),
[
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'oo(f|b)'),
[
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
'<Book: ooF>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'^foo(f|b)'),
['<Book: foobar>', '<Book: foobarbaz>', '<Book: foobaz>'])
# greedy matching
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'b.*az'), [
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: baz>',
'<Book: bazbaRFOO>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'b.*ar'), [
'<Book: bar>',
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: bazbaRFOO>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
])
def test_escaping(self):
# Underscores, percent signs and backslashes have special meaning in the
# underlying SQL code, but Django handles the quoting of them automatically.
b8 = Book(title='Book_ with underscore',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 20))
b8.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book'),
[
'<Book: Book_ with underscore>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book_'),
['<Book: Book_ with underscore>'])
b9 = Book(title='Book% with percent sign',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 21))
b9.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book'),
[
'<Book: Book% with percent sign>',
'<Book: Book_ with underscore>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book%'),
['<Book: Book% with percent sign>'])
b10 = Book(title='Book with \\ backslash',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 22))
b10.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__contains='\\'),
['<Book: Book with \ backslash>'])
def setUp(self):
# Create a few Authors.
self.au1 = Author(name='Author 1')
self.au1.save()
self.au2 = Author(name='Author 2')
self.au2.save()
# Create a couple of Books.
self.b1 = Book(title='Book 1',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 26),
author=self.au1)
self.b1.save()
self.b2 = Book(title='Book 2',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
author=self.au1)
self.b2.save()
self.b3 = Book(title='Book 3',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
author=self.au1)
self.b3.save()
self.b4 = Book(title='Book 4',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 28),
author=self.au1)
self.b4.save()
self.b5 = Book(title='Book 5',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 9, 0),
author=self.au2)
self.b5.save()
self.b6 = Book(title='Book 6',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 8, 0),
author=self.au2)
self.b6.save()
self.b7 = Book(title='Book 7',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
author=self.au2)
self.b7.save()
# Create a few Tags.
self.t1 = Tag(name='Tag 1')
self.t1.save()
self.t1.articles.add(self.b1, self.b2, self.b3)
self.t2 = Tag(name='Tag 2')
self.t2.save()
self.t2.articles.add(self.b3, self.b4, self.b5)
self.t3 = Tag(name='Tag 3')
self.t3.save()
self.t3.articles.add(self.b5, self.b6, self.b7)
class LookupTests(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# Create a few Authors.
self.au1 = Author(name='Author 1')
self.au1.save()
self.au2 = Author(name='Author 2')
self.au2.save()
# Create a couple of Books.
self.b1 = Book(title='Book 1',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 26),
author=self.au1)
self.b1.save()
self.b2 = Book(title='Book 2',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
author=self.au1)
self.b2.save()
self.b3 = Book(title='Book 3',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
author=self.au1)
self.b3.save()
self.b4 = Book(title='Book 4',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 28),
author=self.au1)
self.b4.save()
self.b5 = Book(title='Book 5',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 9, 0),
author=self.au2)
self.b5.save()
self.b6 = Book(title='Book 6',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 8, 0),
author=self.au2)
self.b6.save()
self.b7 = Book(title='Book 7',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
author=self.au2)
self.b7.save()
# Create a few Tags.
self.t1 = Tag(name='Tag 1')
self.t1.save()
self.t1.articles.add(self.b1, self.b2, self.b3)
self.t2 = Tag(name='Tag 2')
self.t2.save()
self.t2.articles.add(self.b3, self.b4, self.b5)
self.t3 = Tag(name='Tag 3')
self.t3.save()
self.t3.articles.add(self.b5, self.b6, self.b7)
def test_exists(self):
# We can use .exists() to check that there are some
self.assertTrue(Book.objects.exists())
for a in Book.objects.all():
a.delete()
# There should be none now!
self.assertFalse(Book.objects.exists())
def test_lookup_int_as_str(self):
# Integer value can be queried using string
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(id__iexact=str(self.b1.id)),
['<Book: Book 1>'])
@skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_date_lookup_using_string')
def test_lookup_date_as_str(self):
# A date lookup can be performed using a string search
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(pubdate__startswith='2005'), [
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
def test_iterator(self):
# Each QuerySet gets iterator(), which is a generator that "lazily"
# returns results using database-level iteration.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.iterator(), [
'Book 5',
'Book 6',
'Book 4',
'Book 2',
'Book 3',
'Book 7',
'Book 1',
],
transform=attrgetter('title'))
# iterator() can be used on any QuerySet.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__endswith='4').iterator(), ['Book 4'],
transform=attrgetter('title'))
def test_count(self):
# count() returns the number of objects matching search criteria.
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.count(), 7)
self.assertEqual(
Book.objects.filter(pubdate__exact=datetime(2005, 7, 27)).count(),
3)
self.assertEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Blah blah').count(), 0)
# count() should respect sliced query sets.
articles = Book.objects.all()
self.assertEqual(articles.count(), 7)
self.assertEqual(articles[:4].count(), 4)
self.assertEqual(articles[1:100].count(), 6)
self.assertEqual(articles[10:100].count(), 0)
# Date and date/time lookups can also be done with strings.
self.assertEqual(
Book.objects.filter(pubdate__exact='2005-07-27').count(), 3)
def test_in_bulk(self):
# in_bulk() takes a list of IDs and returns a dictionary mapping IDs to objects.
arts = Book.objects.in_bulk([self.b1.id, self.b2.id])
self.assertEqual(arts[self.b1.id], self.b1)
self.assertEqual(arts[self.b2.id], self.b2)
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk([self.b3.id]),
{self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(set([self.b3.id])),
{self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(frozenset([self.b3.id])),
{self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk((self.b3.id, )),
{self.b3.id: self.b3})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk([1000]), {})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk([]), {})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(iter([self.b1.id])),
{self.b1.id: self.b1})
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.in_bulk(iter([])), {})
self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book.objects.in_bulk)
self.assertRaises(TypeError,
Book.objects.in_bulk,
name__startswith='Blah')
def test_values(self):
# values() returns a list of dictionaries instead of object instances --
# and you can specify which fields you want to retrieve.
identity = lambda x: x
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values('title'), [
{
'title': 'Book 5'
},
{
'title': 'Book 6'
},
{
'title': 'Book 4'
},
{
'title': 'Book 2'
},
{
'title': 'Book 3'
},
{
'title': 'Book 7'
},
{
'title': 'Book 1'
},
],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(
pubdate__exact=datetime(2005, 7, 27)).values('id'),
[{
'id': self.b2.id
}, {
'id': self.b3.id
}, {
'id': self.b7.id
}],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values('id', 'title'), [
{
'id': self.b5.id,
'title': 'Book 5'
},
{
'id': self.b6.id,
'title': 'Book 6'
},
{
'id': self.b4.id,
'title': 'Book 4'
},
{
'id': self.b2.id,
'title': 'Book 2'
},
{
'id': self.b3.id,
'title': 'Book 3'
},
{
'id': self.b7.id,
'title': 'Book 7'
},
{
'id': self.b1.id,
'title': 'Book 1'
},
],
transform=identity)
# You can use values() with iterator() for memory savings,
# because iterator() uses database-level iteration.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values('id', 'title').iterator(),
[
{
'title': 'Book 5',
'id': self.b5.id
},
{
'title': 'Book 6',
'id': self.b6.id
},
{
'title': 'Book 4',
'id': self.b4.id
},
{
'title': 'Book 2',
'id': self.b2.id
},
{
'title': 'Book 3',
'id': self.b3.id
},
{
'title': 'Book 7',
'id': self.b7.id
},
{
'title': 'Book 1',
'id': self.b1.id
},
],
transform=identity)
# The values() method works with "extra" fields specified in extra(select).
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.extra(select={
'id_plus_one': 'id + 1'
}).values('id', 'id_plus_one'), [
{
'id': self.b5.id,
'id_plus_one': self.b5.id + 1
},
{
'id': self.b6.id,
'id_plus_one': self.b6.id + 1
},
{
'id': self.b4.id,
'id_plus_one': self.b4.id + 1
},
{
'id': self.b2.id,
'id_plus_one': self.b2.id + 1
},
{
'id': self.b3.id,
'id_plus_one': self.b3.id + 1
},
{
'id': self.b7.id,
'id_plus_one': self.b7.id + 1
},
{
'id': self.b1.id,
'id_plus_one': self.b1.id + 1
},
],
transform=identity)
data = {
'id_plus_one': 'id+1',
'id_plus_two': 'id+2',
'id_plus_three': 'id+3',
'id_plus_four': 'id+4',
'id_plus_five': 'id+5',
'id_plus_six': 'id+6',
'id_plus_seven': 'id+7',
'id_plus_eight': 'id+8',
}
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(id=self.b1.id).extra(
select=data).values(*data.keys()),
[{
'id_plus_one': self.b1.id + 1,
'id_plus_two': self.b1.id + 2,
'id_plus_three': self.b1.id + 3,
'id_plus_four': self.b1.id + 4,
'id_plus_five': self.b1.id + 5,
'id_plus_six': self.b1.id + 6,
'id_plus_seven': self.b1.id + 7,
'id_plus_eight': self.b1.id + 8,
}],
transform=identity)
# You can specify fields from forward and reverse relations, just like filter().
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values('title', 'author__name'),
[
{
'title': self.b5.title,
'author__name': self.au2.name
},
{
'title': self.b6.title,
'author__name': self.au2.name
},
{
'title': self.b4.title,
'author__name': self.au1.name
},
{
'title': self.b2.title,
'author__name': self.au1.name
},
{
'title': self.b3.title,
'author__name': self.au1.name
},
{
'title': self.b7.title,
'author__name': self.au2.name
},
{
'title': self.b1.title,
'author__name': self.au1.name
},
],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Author.objects.values(
'name', 'book__title').order_by('name', 'book__title'), [
{
'name': self.au1.name,
'book__title': self.b1.title
},
{
'name': self.au1.name,
'book__title': self.b2.title
},
{
'name': self.au1.name,
'book__title': self.b3.title
},
{
'name': self.au1.name,
'book__title': self.b4.title
},
{
'name': self.au2.name,
'book__title': self.b5.title
},
{
'name': self.au2.name,
'book__title': self.b6.title
},
{
'name': self.au2.name,
'book__title': self.b7.title
},
],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Author.objects.values(
'name', 'book__title',
'book__tag__name').order_by('name', 'book__title',
'book__tag__name'), [
{
'name': self.au1.name,
'book__title': self.b1.title,
'book__tag__name': self.t1.name
},
{
'name': self.au1.name,
'book__title': self.b2.title,
'book__tag__name': self.t1.name
},
{
'name': self.au1.name,
'book__title': self.b3.title,
'book__tag__name': self.t1.name
},
{
'name': self.au1.name,
'book__title': self.b3.title,
'book__tag__name': self.t2.name
},
{
'name': self.au1.name,
'book__title': self.b4.title,
'book__tag__name': self.t2.name
},
{
'name': self.au2.name,
'book__title': self.b5.title,
'book__tag__name': self.t2.name
},
{
'name': self.au2.name,
'book__title': self.b5.title,
'book__tag__name': self.t3.name
},
{
'name': self.au2.name,
'book__title': self.b6.title,
'book__tag__name': self.t3.name
},
{
'name': self.au2.name,
'book__title': self.b7.title,
'book__tag__name': self.t3.name
},
],
transform=identity)
# However, an exception FieldDoesNotExist will be thrown if you specify
# a non-existent field name in values() (a field that is neither in the
# model nor in extra(select)).
self.assertRaises(
FieldError,
Book.objects.extra(select={
'id_plus_one': 'id + 1'
}).values, 'id', 'id_plus_two')
# If you don't specify field names to values(), all are returned.
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(id=self.b5.id).values(),
[{
'id': self.b5.id,
'author_id': self.au2.id,
'title': 'Book 5',
'pages': 0,
'pubdate': datetime(2005, 8, 1, 9, 0)
}],
transform=identity)
def test_values_list(self):
# values_list() is similar to values(), except that the results are
# returned as a list of tuples, rather than a list of dictionaries.
# Within each tuple, the order of the elements is the same as the order
# of fields in the values_list() call.
identity = lambda x: x
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values_list('title'), [
('Book 5', ),
('Book 6', ),
('Book 4', ),
('Book 2', ),
('Book 3', ),
('Book 7', ),
('Book 1', ),
],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values_list('id').order_by('id'),
[(self.b1.id, ), (self.b2.id, ),
(self.b3.id, ), (self.b4.id, ),
(self.b5.id, ), (self.b6.id, ),
(self.b7.id, )],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.values_list(
'id', flat=True).order_by('id'), [
self.b1.id, self.b2.id, self.b3.id, self.b4.id, self.b5.id,
self.b6.id, self.b7.id
],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.extra(select={
'id_plus_one': 'id+1'
}).order_by('id').values_list('id'), [(self.b1.id, ), (self.b2.id, ),
(self.b3.id, ), (self.b4.id, ),
(self.b5.id, ), (self.b6.id, ),
(self.b7.id, )],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.extra(select={
'id_plus_one': 'id+1'
}).order_by('id').values_list('id_plus_one', 'id'),
[(self.b1.id + 1, self.b1.id),
(self.b2.id + 1, self.b2.id),
(self.b3.id + 1, self.b3.id),
(self.b4.id + 1, self.b4.id),
(self.b5.id + 1, self.b5.id),
(self.b6.id + 1, self.b6.id),
(self.b7.id + 1, self.b7.id)],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.extra(select={
'id_plus_one': 'id+1'
}).order_by('id').values_list('id', 'id_plus_one'),
[(self.b1.id, self.b1.id + 1),
(self.b2.id, self.b2.id + 1),
(self.b3.id, self.b3.id + 1),
(self.b4.id, self.b4.id + 1),
(self.b5.id, self.b5.id + 1),
(self.b6.id, self.b6.id + 1),
(self.b7.id, self.b7.id + 1)],
transform=identity)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Author.objects.values_list(
'name', 'book__title', 'book__tag__name').order_by(
'name', 'book__title', 'book__tag__name'), [
(self.au1.name, self.b1.title, self.t1.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b2.title, self.t1.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b3.title, self.t1.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b3.title, self.t2.name),
(self.au1.name, self.b4.title, self.t2.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b5.title, self.t2.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b5.title, self.t3.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b6.title, self.t3.name),
(self.au2.name, self.b7.title, self.t3.name),
],
transform=identity)
self.assertRaises(TypeError,
Book.objects.values_list,
'id',
'title',
flat=True)
def test_get_next_previous_by(self):
# Every DateField and DateTimeField creates get_next_by_FOO() and
# get_previous_by_FOO() methods. In the case of identical date values,
# these methods will use the ID as a fallback check. This guarantees
# that no records are skipped or duplicated.
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b1.get_next_by_pubdate()), '<Book: Book 2>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b2.get_next_by_pubdate()), '<Book: Book 3>')
self.assertEqual(
repr(self.b2.get_next_by_pubdate(title__endswith='6')),
'<Book: Book 6>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b3.get_next_by_pubdate()), '<Book: Book 7>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b4.get_next_by_pubdate()), '<Book: Book 6>')
self.assertRaises(Book.DoesNotExist, self.b5.get_next_by_pubdate)
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b6.get_next_by_pubdate()), '<Book: Book 5>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b7.get_next_by_pubdate()), '<Book: Book 4>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b7.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 3>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b6.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 4>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b5.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 6>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b4.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 7>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b3.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 2>')
self.assertEqual(repr(self.b2.get_previous_by_pubdate()),
'<Book: Book 1>')
def test_escaping(self):
# Underscores, percent signs and backslashes have special meaning in the
# underlying SQL code, but Django handles the quoting of them automatically.
b8 = Book(title='Book_ with underscore',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 20))
b8.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book'),
[
'<Book: Book_ with underscore>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book_'),
['<Book: Book_ with underscore>'])
b9 = Book(title='Book% with percent sign',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 21))
b9.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book'),
[
'<Book: Book% with percent sign>',
'<Book: Book_ with underscore>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book%'),
['<Book: Book% with percent sign>'])
b10 = Book(title='Book with \\ backslash',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 22))
b10.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__contains='\\'),
['<Book: Book with \ backslash>'])
def test_exclude(self):
b8 = Book.objects.create(title='Book_ with underscore',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 20))
b9 = Book.objects.create(title='Book% with percent sign',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 21))
b10 = Book.objects.create(title='Book with \\ backslash',
pubdate=datetime(2005, 11, 22))
# exclude() is the opposite of filter() when doing lookups:
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__contains='Book').exclude(
title__contains='with'), [
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.exclude(title__startswith="Book_"), [
'<Book: Book with \\ backslash>',
'<Book: Book% with percent sign>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.exclude(title="Book 7"), [
'<Book: Book with \\ backslash>',
'<Book: Book% with percent sign>',
'<Book: Book_ with underscore>',
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
def test_none(self):
# none() returns a QuerySet that behaves like any other QuerySet object
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.none(), [])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.none().filter(title__startswith='Book'), [])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='Book').none(), [])
self.assertEqual(Book.objects.none().count(), 0)
self.assertEqual(
Book.objects.none().update(title="This should not take effect"), 0)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
[article for article in Book.objects.none().iterator()], [])
def test_in(self):
# using __in with an empty list should return an empty query set
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(id__in=[]), [])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.exclude(id__in=[]), [
'<Book: Book 5>',
'<Book: Book 6>',
'<Book: Book 4>',
'<Book: Book 2>',
'<Book: Book 3>',
'<Book: Book 7>',
'<Book: Book 1>',
])
def test_error_messages(self):
# Programming errors are pointed out with nice error messages
with six.assertRaisesRegex(
self, FieldError, "Cannot resolve keyword 'pubdate_year' "
"into field. Choices are: .+"):
Book.objects.filter(pubdate_year='2005').count()
with self.assertRaises(
FieldError,
msg="Join on field 'title' not permitted. "
"Did you misspell 'starts' for the lookup type?"):
Book.objects.filter(title__starts='Book')
def test_regex(self):
# Create some articles with a bit more interesting names for testing field lookups:
for a in Book.objects.all():
a.delete()
now = datetime.now()
b1 = Book(pubdate=now, title='f')
b1.save()
b2 = Book(pubdate=now, title='fo')
b2.save()
b3 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foo')
b3.save()
b4 = Book(pubdate=now, title='fooo')
b4.save()
b5 = Book(pubdate=now, title='hey-Foo')
b5.save()
b6 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bar')
b6.save()
b7 = Book(pubdate=now, title='AbBa')
b7.save()
b8 = Book(pubdate=now, title='baz')
b8.save()
b9 = Book(pubdate=now, title='baxZ')
b9.save()
# zero-or-more
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fo*'),
['<Book: f>', '<Book: fo>', '<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'fo*'), [
'<Book: f>',
'<Book: fo>',
'<Book: foo>',
'<Book: fooo>',
'<Book: hey-Foo>',
])
# one-or-more
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fo+'),
['<Book: fo>', '<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
# wildcard
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'fooo?'),
['<Book: foo>', '<Book: fooo>'])
# leading anchor
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'^b'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'^a'),
['<Book: AbBa>'])
# trailing anchor
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'z$'),
['<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'z$'),
['<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
# character sets
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'ba[rz]'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baz>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'ba.[RxZ]'),
['<Book: baxZ>'])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'ba[RxZ]'),
['<Book: bar>', '<Book: baxZ>', '<Book: baz>'])
# and more articles:
b10 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobar')
b10.save()
b11 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobaz')
b11.save()
b12 = Book(pubdate=now, title='ooF')
b12.save()
b13 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobarbaz')
b13.save()
b14 = Book(pubdate=now, title='zoocarfaz')
b14.save()
b15 = Book(pubdate=now, title='barfoobaz')
b15.save()
b16 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bazbaRFOO')
b16.save()
# alternation
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'oo(f|b)'),
[
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'oo(f|b)'),
[
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
'<Book: ooF>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'^foo(f|b)'),
['<Book: foobar>', '<Book: foobarbaz>', '<Book: foobaz>'])
# greedy matching
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'b.*az'), [
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: baz>',
'<Book: bazbaRFOO>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
'<Book: foobaz>',
])
self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.filter(title__iregex=r'b.*ar'), [
'<Book: bar>',
'<Book: barfoobaz>',
'<Book: bazbaRFOO>',
'<Book: foobar>',
'<Book: foobarbaz>',
])
@skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_regex_backreferencing')
def test_regex_backreferencing(self):
# grouping and backreferences
now = datetime.now()
b10 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobar')
b10.save()
b11 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobaz')
b11.save()
b12 = Book(pubdate=now, title='ooF')
b12.save()
b13 = Book(pubdate=now, title='foobarbaz')
b13.save()
b14 = Book(pubdate=now, title='zoocarfaz')
b14.save()
b15 = Book(pubdate=now, title='barfoobaz')
b15.save()
b16 = Book(pubdate=now, title='bazbaRFOO')
b16.save()
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
Book.objects.filter(title__regex=r'b(.).*b\1'),
['<Book: barfoobaz>', '<Book: bazbaRFOO>', '<Book: foobarbaz>'])
def test_nonfield_lookups(self):
"""
Ensure that a lookup query containing non-fields raises the proper
exception.
"""
with self.assertRaises(FieldError):
Book.objects.filter(name__blahblah=99)
with self.assertRaises(FieldError):
Book.objects.filter(name__blahblah__exact=99)
with self.assertRaises(FieldError):
Book.objects.filter(blahblah=99)
def test_lookup_collision(self):
"""
Ensure that genuine field names don't collide with built-in lookup
types ('year', 'gt', 'range', 'in' etc.).
Refs #11670.
"""
# Here we're using 'gt' as a code number for the year, e.g. 111=>2009.
season_2009 = Season.objects.create(year=2009, gt=111)
season_2009.games.create(home="Houston Astros",
away="St. Louis Cardinals")
season_2010 = Season.objects.create(year=2010, gt=222)
season_2010.games.create(home="Houston Astros", away="Chicago Cubs")
season_2010.games.create(home="Houston Astros",
away="Milwaukee Brewers")
season_2010.games.create(home="Houston Astros",
away="St. Louis Cardinals")
season_2011 = Season.objects.create(year=2011, gt=333)
season_2011.games.create(home="Houston Astros",
away="St. Louis Cardinals")
season_2011.games.create(home="Houston Astros",
away="Milwaukee Brewers")
hunter_pence = Player.objects.create(name="Hunter Pence")
hunter_pence.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2009, 2010])
pudge = Player.objects.create(name="Ivan Rodriquez")
pudge.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year=2009)
pedro_feliz = Player.objects.create(name="Pedro Feliz")
pedro_feliz.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2011])
johnson = Player.objects.create(name="Johnson")
johnson.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2011])
# Games in 2010
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year=2010).count(), 3)
self.assertEqual(
Game.objects.filter(season__year__exact=2010).count(), 3)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt=222).count(), 3)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt__exact=222).count(), 3)
# Games in 2011
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year=2011).count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(
Game.objects.filter(season__year__exact=2011).count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt=333).count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt__exact=333).count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year__gt=2010).count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt__gt=222).count(), 2)
# Games played in 2010 and 2011
self.assertEqual(
Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2010, 2011]).count(), 5)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year__gt=2009).count(), 5)
self.assertEqual(
Game.objects.filter(season__gt__in=[222, 333]).count(), 5)
self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__gt__gt=111).count(), 5)
# Players who played in 2009
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(games__season__year=2009).distinct().count(),
2)
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(
games__season__year__exact=2009).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(games__season__gt=111).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(
games__season__gt__exact=111).distinct().count(), 2)
# Players who played in 2010
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(games__season__year=2010).distinct().count(),
1)
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(
games__season__year__exact=2010).distinct().count(), 1)
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(games__season__gt=222).distinct().count(), 1)
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(
games__season__gt__exact=222).distinct().count(), 1)
# Players who played in 2011
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(games__season__year=2011).distinct().count(),
2)
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(
games__season__year__exact=2011).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(games__season__gt=333).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(
games__season__year__gt=2010).distinct().count(), 2)
self.assertEqual(
Player.objects.filter(
games__season__gt__gt=222).distinct().count(), 2)