Esempio n. 1
0
    def __init__(self, db, config):
        self.db = db
        self.config = config
        self.es = Elasticsearch(
            hosts=self.config.hosts,
            **self.config.get("client_options", {})
        )

        self.types = AttributeDict()

        self._index = config.index
Esempio n. 2
0
    def __init__(self, config, engine=None, redis_class=redis.StrictRedis):
        self.config = AttributeDict(config)

        self.metadata = db.metadata

        # configure logging
        logging.config.dictConfig(self.config.logging)

        # Connect to the database
        if engine is None and self.config.get("database", {}).get("url"):
            engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine(self.config.database.url)
        self.engine = engine

        # Create our redis connections
        self.redises = {
            key: redis_class.from_url(url)
            for key, url in self.config.redis.items()
        }

        # Create our Store instance and associate our store modules with it
        self.db = AttributeDict()
        for name, klass in self.db_classes.items():
            self.db[name] = klass(
                self,
                self.metadata,
                self.engine,
                self.redises["downloads"],
            )

        # Create our Search Index instance and associate our mappings with it
        self.search = Index(self.db, self.config.search)
        self.search.register(ProjectMapping)

        # Set up our URL routing
        self.urls = urls.urls

        # Initialize our Translations engine
        self.translations = babel.support.NullTranslations()

        # Setup our Jinja2 Environment
        self.templates = jinja2.Environment(
            autoescape=True,
            auto_reload=self.config.debug,
            extensions=[
                "jinja2.ext.i18n",
            ],
            loader=jinja2.PackageLoader("warehouse"),
        )

        # Install Babel
        self.templates.filters.update({
            "package_type_display": packaging_helpers.package_type_display,
            "format_number": babel.numbers.format_number,
            "format_decimal": babel.numbers.format_decimal,
            "format_percent": babel.numbers.format_percent,
            "format_date": babel.dates.format_date,
            "format_datetime": babel.dates.format_datetime,
            "format_time": babel.dates.format_time,
        })

        # Install our translations
        self.templates.install_gettext_translations(
            self.translations,
            newstyle=True,
        )

        # Setup our password hasher
        self.passlib = passlib.context.CryptContext(
            schemes=[
                "bcrypt_sha256",
                "bcrypt",
                "django_bcrypt",
                "unix_disabled",
            ],
            default="bcrypt_sha256",
            deprecated=["auto"],
        )

        # Setup our session storage
        self.session_store = RedisSessionStore(
            self.redises["sessions"],
            session_class=Session,
        )

        # Add our Content Security Policy Middleware
        img_src = ["'self'"]
        if self.config.camo:
            camo_parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(self.config.camo.url)
            img_src += [
                "{}://{}".format(camo_parsed.scheme, camo_parsed.netloc),
                "https://secure.gravatar.com",
            ]
        else:
            img_src += ["*"]

        self.wsgi_app = guard.ContentSecurityPolicy(
            self.wsgi_app,
            {
                "default-src": ["'self'"],
                "font-src": ["'self'", "data:"],
                "img-src": img_src,
                "style-src": ["'self'", "cloud.typography.com"],
            },
        )

        if "sentry" in self.config:
            self.wsgi_app = Sentry(self.wsgi_app, Client(**self.config.sentry))

        # Serve the static files that are packaged as part of Warehouse
        self.wsgi_app = WhiteNoise(
            self.wsgi_app,
            root=self.static_dir,
            prefix=self.static_path,
            max_age=31557600,
        )

        # Add our Powered By Middleware
        self.wsgi_app = HeaderRewriterFix(
            self.wsgi_app,
            add_headers=[
                (
                    "X-Powered-By",
                    "Warehouse {__version__} ({__build__})".format(
                        __version__=warehouse.__version__,
                        __build__=warehouse.__build__,
                    ),
                ),
            ],
        )

        # This is last because we want it processed first in the stack of
        # middlewares. This will ensure that we strip X-Forwarded-* headers
        # if the request doesn't come from Fastly
        self.wsgi_app = XForwardedTokenMiddleware(
            self.wsgi_app,
            self.config.site.access_token,
        )
Esempio n. 3
0
class Warehouse(object):

    db_classes = {
        "accounts": warehouse.accounts.db.Database,
        "packaging": warehouse.packaging.db.Database,
    }

    static_dir = os.path.abspath(
        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(warehouse.__file__), "static", "compiled")
    )
    static_path = "/static/"

    def __init__(self, config, engine=None, redis_class=redis.StrictRedis):
        self.config = AttributeDict(config)

        self.metadata = db.metadata

        # configure logging
        logging.config.dictConfig(self.config.logging)

        # Connect to the database
        if engine is None and self.config.get("database", {}).get("url"):
            engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine(self.config.database.url)
        self.engine = engine

        # Create our redis connections
        self.redises = {
            key: redis_class.from_url(url)
            for key, url in self.config.redis.items()
        }

        # Create our Store instance and associate our store modules with it
        self.db = AttributeDict()
        for name, klass in self.db_classes.items():
            self.db[name] = klass(
                self,
                self.metadata,
                self.engine,
                self.redises["downloads"],
            )

        # Create our Search Index instance and associate our mappings with it
        self.search = Index(self.db, self.config.search)
        self.search.register(ProjectMapping)

        # Set up our URL routing
        self.urls = urls.urls

        # Initialize our Translations engine
        self.translations = babel.support.NullTranslations()

        # Setup our Jinja2 Environment
        self.templates = jinja2.Environment(
            autoescape=True,
            auto_reload=self.config.debug,
            extensions=[
                "jinja2.ext.i18n",
            ],
            loader=jinja2.PackageLoader("warehouse"),
        )

        # Install Babel
        self.templates.filters.update({
            "package_type_display": packaging_helpers.package_type_display,
            "format_number": babel.numbers.format_number,
            "format_decimal": babel.numbers.format_decimal,
            "format_percent": babel.numbers.format_percent,
            "format_date": babel.dates.format_date,
            "format_datetime": babel.dates.format_datetime,
            "format_time": babel.dates.format_time,
        })

        # Install our translations
        self.templates.install_gettext_translations(
            self.translations,
            newstyle=True,
        )

        # Setup our password hasher
        self.passlib = passlib.context.CryptContext(
            schemes=[
                "bcrypt_sha256",
                "bcrypt",
                "django_bcrypt",
                "unix_disabled",
            ],
            default="bcrypt_sha256",
            deprecated=["auto"],
        )

        # Setup our session storage
        self.session_store = RedisSessionStore(
            self.redises["sessions"],
            session_class=Session,
        )

        # Add our Content Security Policy Middleware
        img_src = ["'self'"]
        if self.config.camo:
            camo_parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(self.config.camo.url)
            img_src += [
                "{}://{}".format(camo_parsed.scheme, camo_parsed.netloc),
                "https://secure.gravatar.com",
            ]
        else:
            img_src += ["*"]

        self.wsgi_app = guard.ContentSecurityPolicy(
            self.wsgi_app,
            {
                "default-src": ["'self'"],
                "font-src": ["'self'", "data:"],
                "img-src": img_src,
                "style-src": ["'self'", "cloud.typography.com"],
            },
        )

        if "sentry" in self.config:
            self.wsgi_app = Sentry(self.wsgi_app, Client(**self.config.sentry))

        # Serve the static files that are packaged as part of Warehouse
        self.wsgi_app = WhiteNoise(
            self.wsgi_app,
            root=self.static_dir,
            prefix=self.static_path,
            max_age=31557600,
        )

        # Add our Powered By Middleware
        self.wsgi_app = HeaderRewriterFix(
            self.wsgi_app,
            add_headers=[
                (
                    "X-Powered-By",
                    "Warehouse {__version__} ({__build__})".format(
                        __version__=warehouse.__version__,
                        __build__=warehouse.__build__,
                    ),
                ),
            ],
        )

        # This is last because we want it processed first in the stack of
        # middlewares. This will ensure that we strip X-Forwarded-* headers
        # if the request doesn't come from Fastly
        self.wsgi_app = XForwardedTokenMiddleware(
            self.wsgi_app,
            self.config.site.access_token,
        )

    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        """
        Shortcut for :attr:`wsgi_app`.
        """
        return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)

    @classmethod
    def from_yaml(cls, *paths, **kwargs):
        # Pull out other keyword arguments
        override = kwargs.pop("override", None)

        default = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(
            os.path.dirname(warehouse.__file__),
            "config.yml",
        ))

        paths = [default] + list(paths)

        config = {}
        for path in paths:
            with open(path) as configfile:
                # Use no cover to work around a coverage bug
                config = merge_dict(  # pragma: no cover
                    config,
                    yaml.safe_load(configfile)
                )

        if override:
            config = merge_dict(config, override)

        return cls(config=config, **kwargs)

    @classmethod
    def from_cli(cls, argv):
        def _generate_parser(parser, commands):
            # Generate our commands
            subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
            for name, command in commands.items():
                cmd_parser = subparsers.add_parser(name)

                if hasattr(command, "create_parser"):
                    command.create_parser(cmd_parser)

                if isinstance(command, collections.Mapping):
                    _generate_parser(cmd_parser, command)
                else:
                    cmd_parser.set_defaults(_cmd=command)

        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="warehouse")
        parser.add_argument("-c", "--config", action="append", dest="_configs")

        _generate_parser(parser, warehouse.cli.__commands__)

        args = parser.parse_args(argv)

        configs = args._configs if args._configs is not None else []
        app = cls.from_yaml(*configs)

        return args._cmd(
            app,
            *args._get_args(),
            **{k: v for k, v in args._get_kwargs() if not k.startswith("_")}
        )

    # The order of these decorators matter. We need @handle_session to come
    # before anything that depends on it, like @handle_csrf
    @handle_session
    @handle_csrf
    def dispatch_view(self, view, *args, **kwargs):
        return view(*args, **kwargs)

    @responder
    def wsgi_app(self, environ, start_response):
        """
        The actual WSGI application.  This is not implemented in
        `__call__` so that middlewares can be applied without losing a
        reference to the class.  So instead of doing this::

            app = MyMiddleware(app)

        It's a better idea to do this instead::

            app.wsgi_app = MyMiddleware(app.wsgi_app)

        Then you still have the original application object around and
        can continue to call methods on it.

        :param environ: a WSGI environment
        :param start_response: a callable accepting a status code,
                               a list of headers and an optional
                               exception context to start the response
        """
        try:
            # Figure out what endpoint to call
            urls = self.urls.bind_to_environ(environ)
            endpoint, kwargs = urls.match()

            # Load our view function
            modname, viewname = endpoint.rsplit(".", 1)
            module = importlib.import_module(modname)
            view = getattr(module, viewname)

            # Create our request object
            request = Request(environ)
            request.url_adapter = urls

            # Attach our trusted hosts to this request
            request.trusted_hosts = self.config.site.hosts

            # Access request.host to trigger a check against our trusted_hosts
            request.host

            # Dispatch to the loaded view function
            return self.dispatch_view(view, self, request, **kwargs)
        except HTTPException as exc:
            return exc
Esempio n. 4
0
class Index(object):

    def __init__(self, db, config):
        self.db = db
        self.config = config
        self.es = Elasticsearch(
            hosts=self.config.hosts,
            **self.config.get("client_options", {})
        )

        self.types = AttributeDict()

        self._index = config.index

    def register(self, type_):
        obj = type_(self)
        self.types[obj._type] = obj

    def reindex(self, alias=True, keep_old=False):
        # Generate an Index Name for Warehouse
        index = "".join([
            self._index,
            binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(4)).decode("ascii"),
        ])

        # Create this index
        self.es.indices.create(index, {
            "mappings": {
                doc_type._type: doc_type.get_mapping()
                for doc_type in self.types.values()
            },
        })

        # Index everything into the new index
        for doc_type in self.types.values():
            doc_type.index_all(index=index)

        # Update the alias unless we've been told not to
        if alias:
            self.update_alias(self._index, index, keep_old=keep_old)

    def update_alias(self, alias, index, keep_old=False):
        # Get the old index from ElasticSearch
        try:
            old_index = list(self.es.indices.get_alias(self._index))[0]
        except TransportError as exc:
            if not exc.status_code == 404:
                raise
            old_index = None

        # Remove the alias to the old index if it exists
        if old_index is not None:
            actions = [{"remove": {"index": old_index, "alias": alias}}]
        else:
            actions = []

        # Add the alias to the new index
        actions += [{"add": {"index": index, "alias": alias}}]

        # Update To the New Index
        self.es.indices.update_aliases({"actions": actions})

        # Delete the old index if it exists and unless we're keeping it
        if not keep_old and old_index is not None:
            self.es.indices.delete(old_index)
def test_convert_to_attribute_dict():
    adict = AttributeDict({"a": {"b": 1, "c": 2}})

    assert adict.a == {"b": 1, "c": 2}
    assert adict.a.b == 1
    assert adict.a.c == 2
def test_attribute_dict_unknown_access():
    adict = AttributeDict()

    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
        adict.unknown
def test_basic_attribute_dict_access():
    adict = AttributeDict({"foo": None, "bar": "Success!"})

    assert adict.foo is adict["foo"]
    assert adict.bar is adict["bar"]
Esempio n. 8
0
    def __init__(self, config, engine=None, redis_class=redis.StrictRedis):
        self.config = AttributeDict(config)

        self.metadata = db.metadata

        # configure logging
        logging.config.dictConfig(self.config.logging)

        # Connect to the database
        if engine is None and self.config.get("database", {}).get("url"):
            engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine(self.config.database.url)
        self.engine = engine

        # Create our redis connections
        self.redises = {
            key: redis_class.from_url(url)
            for key, url in self.config.redis.items()
        }

        # Create our Store instance and associate our store modules with it
        self.db = AttributeDict()
        for name, klass in self.db_classes.items():
            self.db[name] = klass(
                self,
                self.metadata,
                self.engine,
                self.redises["downloads"],
            )

        # Create our Search Index instance and associate our mappings with it
        self.search = Index(self.db, self.config.search)
        self.search.register(ProjectMapping)

        # Set up our URL routing
        self.urls = urls.urls

        # Initialize our Translations engine
        self.translations = babel.support.NullTranslations()

        # Setup our Jinja2 Environment
        self.templates = jinja2.Environment(
            autoescape=True,
            auto_reload=self.config.debug,
            extensions=[
                "jinja2.ext.i18n",
            ],
            loader=jinja2.PackageLoader("warehouse"),
        )

        # Install Babel
        self.templates.filters.update({
            "package_type_display":
            packaging_helpers.package_type_display,
            "format_number":
            babel.numbers.format_number,
            "format_decimal":
            babel.numbers.format_decimal,
            "format_percent":
            babel.numbers.format_percent,
            "format_date":
            babel.dates.format_date,
            "format_datetime":
            babel.dates.format_datetime,
            "format_time":
            babel.dates.format_time,
        })

        # Install our translations
        self.templates.install_gettext_translations(
            self.translations,
            newstyle=True,
        )

        # Setup our password hasher
        self.passlib = passlib.context.CryptContext(
            schemes=[
                "bcrypt_sha256",
                "bcrypt",
                "django_bcrypt",
                "unix_disabled",
            ],
            default="bcrypt_sha256",
            deprecated=["auto"],
        )

        # Setup our session storage
        self.session_store = RedisSessionStore(
            self.redises["sessions"],
            session_class=Session,
        )

        # Add our Content Security Policy Middleware
        img_src = ["'self'"]
        if self.config.camo:
            camo_parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(self.config.camo.url)
            img_src += [
                "{}://{}".format(camo_parsed.scheme, camo_parsed.netloc),
                "https://secure.gravatar.com",
            ]
        else:
            img_src += ["*"]

        self.wsgi_app = guard.ContentSecurityPolicy(
            self.wsgi_app,
            {
                "default-src": ["'self'"],
                "font-src": ["'self'", "data:"],
                "img-src": img_src,
                "style-src": ["'self'", "cloud.typography.com"],
            },
        )

        if "sentry" in self.config:
            self.wsgi_app = Sentry(self.wsgi_app, Client(**self.config.sentry))

        # Serve the static files that are packaged as part of Warehouse
        self.wsgi_app = WhiteNoise(
            self.wsgi_app,
            root=self.static_dir,
            prefix=self.static_path,
            max_age=31557600,
        )

        # Add our Powered By Middleware
        self.wsgi_app = HeaderRewriterFix(
            self.wsgi_app,
            add_headers=[
                (
                    "X-Powered-By",
                    "Warehouse {__version__} ({__build__})".format(
                        __version__=warehouse.__version__,
                        __build__=warehouse.__build__,
                    ),
                ),
            ],
        )

        # Previously PyPI used a hand written disaptch method which depended
        # on things like the request's content type or url parameters. In order
        # to sanely support that in Warehouse we use this middleware to rewrite
        # those to "internal" URLs which we can then dispatch based on.
        self.wsgi_app = LegacyRewriteMiddleware(self.wsgi_app)

        # This is last because we want it processed first in the stack of
        # middlewares. This will ensure that we strip X-Forwarded-* headers
        # if the request doesn't come from Fastly
        self.wsgi_app = XForwardedTokenMiddleware(
            self.wsgi_app,
            self.config.site.access_token,
        )
Esempio n. 9
0
class Warehouse(object):

    db_classes = {
        "accounts": warehouse.accounts.db.Database,
        "packaging": warehouse.packaging.db.Database,
    }

    static_dir = os.path.abspath(
        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(warehouse.__file__), "static",
                     "compiled"))
    static_path = "/static/"

    def __init__(self, config, engine=None, redis_class=redis.StrictRedis):
        self.config = AttributeDict(config)

        self.metadata = db.metadata

        # configure logging
        logging.config.dictConfig(self.config.logging)

        # Connect to the database
        if engine is None and self.config.get("database", {}).get("url"):
            engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine(self.config.database.url)
        self.engine = engine

        # Create our redis connections
        self.redises = {
            key: redis_class.from_url(url)
            for key, url in self.config.redis.items()
        }

        # Create our Store instance and associate our store modules with it
        self.db = AttributeDict()
        for name, klass in self.db_classes.items():
            self.db[name] = klass(
                self,
                self.metadata,
                self.engine,
                self.redises["downloads"],
            )

        # Create our Search Index instance and associate our mappings with it
        self.search = Index(self.db, self.config.search)
        self.search.register(ProjectMapping)

        # Set up our URL routing
        self.urls = urls.urls

        # Initialize our Translations engine
        self.translations = babel.support.NullTranslations()

        # Setup our Jinja2 Environment
        self.templates = jinja2.Environment(
            autoescape=True,
            auto_reload=self.config.debug,
            extensions=[
                "jinja2.ext.i18n",
            ],
            loader=jinja2.PackageLoader("warehouse"),
        )

        # Install Babel
        self.templates.filters.update({
            "package_type_display":
            packaging_helpers.package_type_display,
            "format_number":
            babel.numbers.format_number,
            "format_decimal":
            babel.numbers.format_decimal,
            "format_percent":
            babel.numbers.format_percent,
            "format_date":
            babel.dates.format_date,
            "format_datetime":
            babel.dates.format_datetime,
            "format_time":
            babel.dates.format_time,
        })

        # Install our translations
        self.templates.install_gettext_translations(
            self.translations,
            newstyle=True,
        )

        # Setup our password hasher
        self.passlib = passlib.context.CryptContext(
            schemes=[
                "bcrypt_sha256",
                "bcrypt",
                "django_bcrypt",
                "unix_disabled",
            ],
            default="bcrypt_sha256",
            deprecated=["auto"],
        )

        # Setup our session storage
        self.session_store = RedisSessionStore(
            self.redises["sessions"],
            session_class=Session,
        )

        # Add our Content Security Policy Middleware
        img_src = ["'self'"]
        if self.config.camo:
            camo_parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(self.config.camo.url)
            img_src += [
                "{}://{}".format(camo_parsed.scheme, camo_parsed.netloc),
                "https://secure.gravatar.com",
            ]
        else:
            img_src += ["*"]

        self.wsgi_app = guard.ContentSecurityPolicy(
            self.wsgi_app,
            {
                "default-src": ["'self'"],
                "font-src": ["'self'", "data:"],
                "img-src": img_src,
                "style-src": ["'self'", "cloud.typography.com"],
            },
        )

        if "sentry" in self.config:
            self.wsgi_app = Sentry(self.wsgi_app, Client(**self.config.sentry))

        # Serve the static files that are packaged as part of Warehouse
        self.wsgi_app = WhiteNoise(
            self.wsgi_app,
            root=self.static_dir,
            prefix=self.static_path,
            max_age=31557600,
        )

        # Add our Powered By Middleware
        self.wsgi_app = HeaderRewriterFix(
            self.wsgi_app,
            add_headers=[
                (
                    "X-Powered-By",
                    "Warehouse {__version__} ({__build__})".format(
                        __version__=warehouse.__version__,
                        __build__=warehouse.__build__,
                    ),
                ),
            ],
        )

        # Previously PyPI used a hand written disaptch method which depended
        # on things like the request's content type or url parameters. In order
        # to sanely support that in Warehouse we use this middleware to rewrite
        # those to "internal" URLs which we can then dispatch based on.
        self.wsgi_app = LegacyRewriteMiddleware(self.wsgi_app)

        # This is last because we want it processed first in the stack of
        # middlewares. This will ensure that we strip X-Forwarded-* headers
        # if the request doesn't come from Fastly
        self.wsgi_app = XForwardedTokenMiddleware(
            self.wsgi_app,
            self.config.site.access_token,
        )

    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        """
        Shortcut for :attr:`wsgi_app`.
        """
        return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)

    @classmethod
    def from_yaml(cls, *paths, **kwargs):
        # Pull out other keyword arguments
        override = kwargs.pop("override", None)

        default = os.path.abspath(
            os.path.join(
                os.path.dirname(warehouse.__file__),
                "config.yml",
            ))

        paths = [default] + list(paths)

        config = {}
        for path in paths:
            with open(path) as configfile:
                # Use no cover to work around a coverage bug
                config = merge_dict(  # pragma: no cover
                    config, yaml.safe_load(configfile))

        if override:
            config = merge_dict(config, override)

        return cls(config=config, **kwargs)

    @classmethod
    def from_cli(cls, argv):
        def _generate_parser(parser, commands):
            # Generate our commands
            subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
            for name, command in commands.items():
                cmd_parser = subparsers.add_parser(name)

                if hasattr(command, "create_parser"):
                    command.create_parser(cmd_parser)

                if isinstance(command, collections.Mapping):
                    _generate_parser(cmd_parser, command)
                else:
                    cmd_parser.set_defaults(_cmd=command)

        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="warehouse")
        parser.add_argument("-c", "--config", action="append", dest="_configs")

        _generate_parser(parser, warehouse.cli.__commands__)

        args = parser.parse_args(argv)

        configs = args._configs if args._configs is not None else []
        app = cls.from_yaml(*configs)

        return args._cmd(
            app, *args._get_args(),
            **{k: v
               for k, v in args._get_kwargs() if not k.startswith("_")})

    # The order of these decorators matter. We need @handle_session to come
    # before anything that depends on it, like @handle_csrf
    @handle_session
    @handle_csrf
    def dispatch_view(self, view, *args, **kwargs):
        return view(*args, **kwargs)

    @responder
    def wsgi_app(self, environ, start_response):
        """
        The actual WSGI application.  This is not implemented in
        `__call__` so that middlewares can be applied without losing a
        reference to the class.  So instead of doing this::

            app = MyMiddleware(app)

        It's a better idea to do this instead::

            app.wsgi_app = MyMiddleware(app.wsgi_app)

        Then you still have the original application object around and
        can continue to call methods on it.

        :param environ: a WSGI environment
        :param start_response: a callable accepting a status code,
                               a list of headers and an optional
                               exception context to start the response
        """
        try:
            # Figure out what endpoint to call
            urls = self.urls.bind_to_environ(environ)
            endpoint, kwargs = urls.match()

            # Load our view function
            modname, viewname = endpoint.rsplit(".", 1)
            module = importlib.import_module(modname)
            view = getattr(module, viewname)

            # Create our request object
            request = Request(environ)
            request.url_adapter = urls

            # Attach our trusted hosts to this request
            request.trusted_hosts = self.config.site.hosts

            # Access request.host to trigger a check against our trusted_hosts
            request.host

            # Dispatch to the loaded view function
            return self.dispatch_view(view, self, request, **kwargs)
        except HTTPException as exc:
            return exc