class ABA(Paths):
"""
This class handles interaction with the Allen Brain Atlas datasets and APIs to get structure trees,
experimental metadata and results, tractography data etc.
"""
# useful vars for analysis
excluded_regions = ["fiber tracts"]
resolution = 25
def __init__(self, projection_metric = "projection_energy", base_dir=None, **kwargs):
"""
Set up file paths and Allen SDKs
:param base_dir: path to directory to use for saving data (default value None)
:param path_fiprojection_metricle: - str, metric to quantify the strength of projections from the Allen Connectome. (default value 'projection_energy')
:param kwargs: can be used to pass path to individual data folders. See brainrender/Utils/paths_manager.py
"""
Paths.__init__(self, base_dir=base_dir, **kwargs)
self.projection_metric = projection_metric
# get mouse connectivity cache and structure tree
self.mcc = MouseConnectivityCache(manifest_file=os.path.join(self.mouse_connectivity_cache, "manifest.json"))
self.structure_tree = self.mcc.get_structure_tree()
# get ontologies API and brain structures sets
self.oapi = OntologiesApi()
self.get_structures_sets()
# get reference space
self.space = ReferenceSpaceApi()
self.spacecache = ReferenceSpaceCache(
manifest=os.path.join(self.annotated_volume, "manifest.json"), # downloaded files are stored relative to here
resolution=self.resolution,
reference_space_key="annotation/ccf_2017" # use the latest version of the CCF
)
self.annotated_volume, _ = self.spacecache.get_annotation_volume()
# mouse connectivity API [used for tractography]
self.mca = MouseConnectivityApi()
# Get tree search api
self.tree_search = TreeSearchApi()
# Get some metadata about experiments
self.all_experiments = self.mcc.get_experiments(dataframe=True)
self.strains = sorted([x for x in set(self.all_experiments.strain) if x is not None])
self.transgenic_lines = sorted(set([x for x in set(self.all_experiments.transgenic_line) if x is not None]))
####### GET EXPERIMENTS DATA
def get_structures_sets(self):
"""
Get the Allen's structure sets.
"""
summary_structures = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_set_id([167587189]) # main summary structures
summary_structures = [s for s in summary_structures if s["acronym"] not in self.excluded_regions]
self.structures = pd.DataFrame(summary_structures)
# Other structures sets
try:
all_sets = pd.DataFrame(self.oapi.get_structure_sets())
except:
print("Could not retrieve data, possibly because there is no internet connection.")
else:
sets = ["Summary structures of the pons", "Summary structures of the thalamus",
"Summary structures of the hypothalamus", "List of structures for ABA Fine Structure Search",
"Structures representing the major divisions of the mouse brain", "Summary structures of the midbrain", "Structures whose surfaces are represented by a precomputed mesh"]
self.other_sets = {}
for set_name in sets:
set_id = all_sets.loc[all_sets.description == set_name].id.values[0]
self.other_sets[set_name] = pd.DataFrame(self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_set_id([set_id]))
self.all_avaliable_meshes = sorted(self.other_sets["Structures whose surfaces are represented by a precomputed mesh"].acronym.values)
def print_structures_list_to_text(self):
"""
Saves the name of every brain structure for which a 3d mesh (.obj file) is available in a text file.
"""
s = self.other_sets["Structures whose surfaces are represented by a precomputed mesh"].sort_values('acronym')
with open('all_regions.txt', 'w') as o:
for acr, name in zip(s.acronym.values, s['name'].values):
o.write("({}) -- {}\n".format(acr, name))
def load_all_experiments(self, cre=False):
"""
This function downloads all the experimental data from the MouseConnectivityCache and saves the unionized results
as pickled pandas dataframes. The process is slow, but the ammount of disk space necessary to save the data is small,
so it's worth downloading all the experiments at once to speed up subsequent analysis.
:param cre: Bool - data from either wild time or cre mice lines (Default value = False)
"""
if not cre: raise NotImplementedError("Only works for wild type sorry")
# Downloads all experiments from allen brain atlas and saves the results as an easy to read pkl file
for acronym in self.structures.acronym.values:
print("Fetching experiments for : {}".format(acronym))
structure = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([acronym])[0]
experiments = self.mcc.get_experiments(cre=cre, injection_structure_ids=[structure['id']])
print(" found {} experiments".format(len(experiments)))
try:
structure_unionizes = self.mcc.get_structure_unionizes([e['id'] for e in experiments],
is_injection=False,
structure_ids=self.structures.id.values,
include_descendants=False)
except: pass
structure_unionizes.to_pickle(os.path.join(self.output_data, "{}.pkl".format(acronym)))
def print_structures(self):
"""
Prints the name of every structure in the structure tree to the console.
"""
acronyms, names = self.structures.acronym.values, self.structures['name'].values
sort_idx = np.argsort(acronyms)
acronyms, names = acronyms[sort_idx], names[sort_idx]
[print("({}) - {}".format(a, n)) for a,n in zip(acronyms, names)]
def experiments_source_search(self, SOI, *args, source=True, **kwargs):
"""
Returns data about experiments whose injection was in the SOI, structure of interest
:param SOI: str, structure of interest. Acronym of structure to use as seed for teh search
:param *args:
:param source: (Default value = True)
:param **kwargs:
"""
"""
list of possible kwargs
injection_structures : list of integers or strings
Integer Structure.id or String Structure.acronym.
target_domain : list of integers or strings, optional
Integer Structure.id or String Structure.acronym.
injection_hemisphere : string, optional
'right' or 'left', Defaults to both hemispheres.
target_hemisphere : string, optional
'right' or 'left', Defaults to both hemispheres.
transgenic_lines : list of integers or strings, optional
Integer TransgenicLine.id or String TransgenicLine.name. Specify ID 0 to exclude all TransgenicLines.
injection_domain : list of integers or strings, optional
Integer Structure.id or String Structure.acronym.
primary_structure_only : boolean, optional
product_ids : list of integers, optional
Integer Product.id
start_row : integer, optional
For paging purposes. Defaults to 0.
num_rows : integer, optional
For paging purposes. Defaults to 2000.
"""
transgenic_id = kwargs.pop('transgenic_id', 0) # id = 0 means use only wild type
primary_structure_only = kwargs.pop('primary_structure_only', True)
if not isinstance(SOI, list): SOI = [SOI]
if source:
injection_structures=SOI
target_domain = None
else:
injection_structures = None
target_domain = SOI
return pd.DataFrame(self.mca.experiment_source_search(injection_structures=injection_structures,
target_domain = target_domain,
transgenic_lines=transgenic_id,
primary_structure_only=primary_structure_only))
def experiments_target_search(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
:param *args:
:param **kwargs:
"""
return self.experiments_source_search(*args, source=False, **kwargs)
def fetch_experiments_data(self, experiments_id, *args, average_experiments=False, **kwargs):
"""
Get data and metadata for expeirments in the Allen Mouse Connectome project.
:param experiments_id: int, list, np.ndarray with ID of experiments whose data need to be fetched
:param *args:
:param average_experiments: (Default value = False)
:param **kwargs:
"""
if isinstance(experiments_id, np.ndarray):
experiments_id = [int(x) for x in experiments_id]
elif not isinstance(experiments_id, list):
experiments_id = [experiments_id]
if [x for x in experiments_id if not isinstance(x, int)]:
raise ValueError("Invalid experiments_id argument: {}".format(experiments_id))
default_structures_ids = self.structures.id.values
is_injection = kwargs.pop('is_injection', False) # Include only structures that are not injection
structure_ids = kwargs.pop('structure_ids', default_structures_ids) # Pass IDs of structures of interest
hemisphere_ids= kwargs.pop('hemisphere_ids', None) # 1 left, 2 right, 3 both
if not average_experiments:
return pd.DataFrame(self.mca.get_structure_unionizes(experiments_id,
is_injection = is_injection,
structure_ids = structure_ids,
hemisphere_ids = hemisphere_ids))
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Need to find a way to average across experiments")
unionized = pd.DataFrame(self.mca.get_structure_unionizes(experiments_id,
is_injection = is_injection,
structure_ids = structure_ids,
hemisphere_ids = hemisphere_ids))
for regionid in list(set(unionized.structure_id)):
region_avg = unionized.loc[unionized.structure_id == regionid].mean(axis=1)
####### ANALYSIS ON EXPERIMENTAL DATA
def analyze_efferents(self, ROI, projection_metric = None):
"""
Loads the experiments on ROI and looks at average statistics of efferent projections
:param ROI: str, acronym of brain region of interest
:param projection_metric: if None, the default projection metric is used, otherwise pass a string with metric to use (Default value = None)
"""
if projection_metric is None:
projection_metric = self.projection_metric
experiment_data = pd.read_pickle(os.path.join(self.output_data, "{}.pkl".format(ROI)))
experiment_data = experiment_data.loc[experiment_data.volume > self.volume_threshold]
# Loop over all structures and get the injection density
results = {"left":[], "right":[], "both":[], "id":[], "acronym":[], "name":[]}
for target in self.structures.id.values:
target_acronym = self.structures.loc[self.structures.id == target].acronym.values[0]
target_name = self.structures.loc[self.structures.id == target].name.values[0]
exp_target = experiment_data.loc[experiment_data.structure_id == target]
exp_target_hemi = self.hemispheres(exp_target.loc[exp_target.hemisphere_id == 1],
exp_target.loc[exp_target.hemisphere_id == 2],
exp_target.loc[exp_target.hemisphere_id == 3])
proj_energy = self.hemispheres(np.nanmean(exp_target_hemi.left[projection_metric].values),
np.nanmean(exp_target_hemi.right[projection_metric].values),
np.nanmean(exp_target_hemi.both[projection_metric].values)
)
for hemi in self.hemispheres_names:
results[hemi].append(proj_energy._asdict()[hemi])
results["id"].append(target)
results["acronym"].append(target_acronym)
results["name"].append(target_name)
results = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(results).sort_values("right", na_position = "first")
return results
def analyze_afferents(self, ROI, projection_metric = None):
"""[Loads the experiments on ROI and looks at average statistics of afferent projections]
:param ROI: str, acronym of region of itnerest
:param projection_metric: if None, the default projection metric is used, otherwise pass a string with metric to use (Default value = None)
"""
if projection_metric is None:
projection_metric = self.projection_metric
ROI_id = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([ROI])[0]["id"]
# Loop over all strctures and get projection towards SOI
results = {"left":[], "right":[], "both":[], "id":[], "acronym":[], "name":[]}
for origin in self.structures.id.values:
origin_acronym = self.structures.loc[self.structures.id == origin].acronym.values[0]
origin_name = self.structures.loc[self.structures.id == origin].name.values[0]
experiment_data = pd.read_pickle(os.path.join(self.output_data, "{}.pkl".format(origin_acronym)))
experiment_data = experiment_data.loc[experiment_data.volume > self.volume_threshold]
exp_target = experiment_data.loc[experiment_data.structure_id == SOI_id]
exp_target_hemi = self.hemispheres(exp_target.loc[exp_target.hemisphere_id == 1], exp_target.loc[exp_target.hemisphere_id == 2], exp_target.loc[exp_target.hemisphere_id == 3])
proj_energy = self.hemispheres(np.nanmean(exp_target_hemi.left[projection_metric].values),
np.nanmean(exp_target_hemi.right[projection_metric].values),
np.nanmean(exp_target_hemi.both[projection_metric].values)
)
for hemi in self.hemispheres_names:
results[hemi].append(proj_energy._asdict()[hemi])
results["id"].append(origin)
results["acronym"].append(origin_acronym)
results["name"].append(origin_name)
results = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(results).sort_values("right", na_position = "first")
return results
####### GET TRACTOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL DATA
def get_projection_tracts_to_target(self, p0=None, **kwargs):
"""
Gets tractography data for all experiments whose projections reach the brain region or location of iterest.
:param p0: list of 3 floats with XYZ coordinates of point to be used as seed (Default value = None)
:param **kwargs:
"""
# check args
if p0 is None:
raise ValueError("Please pass coordinates")
elif isinstance(p0, np.ndarray):
p0 = list(p0)
elif not isinstance(p0, (list, tuple)):
raise ValueError("Invalid argument passed (p0): {}".format(p0))
tract = self.mca.experiment_spatial_search(seed_point=p0, **kwargs)
if isinstance(tract, str):
raise ValueError('Something went wrong with query, query error message:\n{}'.format(tract))
else:
return tract
### OPERATIONS ON STRUCTURE TREES
def get_structure_ancestors(self, regions, ancestors=True, descendants=False):
"""
Get's the ancestors of the region(s) passed as arguments
:param regions: str, list of str with acronums of regions of interest
:param ancestors: if True, returns the ancestors of the region (Default value = True)
:param descendants: if True, returns the descendants of the region (Default value = False)
"""
if not isinstance(regions, list):
struct_id = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([regions])[0]['id']
return pd.DataFrame(self.tree_search.get_tree('Structure', struct_id, ancestors=ancestors, descendants=descendants))
else:
ancestors = []
for region in regions:
struct_id = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([region])[0]['id']
ancestors.append(pd.DataFrame(self.tree_search.get_tree('Structure', struct_id, ancestors=ancestors, descendants=descendants)))
return ancestors
def get_structure_descendants(self, regions):
return self.get_structure_ancestors(regions, ancestors=False, descendants=True)
def get_structure_from_coordinates(self, p0):
"""
Given a point in the Allen Mouse Brain reference space, returns the brain region that the point is in.
:param p0: list of floats with XYZ coordinates.
"""
voxel = np.round(np.array(p0) / self.resolution).astype(int)
try:
structure_id = self.annotated_volume[voxel[0], voxel[1], voxel[2]]
except:
return None
# Each voxel in the annotation volume is annotated as specifically as possible
structure = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_id([structure_id])[0]
return structure
class ABA:
"""
This class augments the functionality of
BrainGlobeAtlas with methods specific to the Allen
Mouse Brain atlas and necessary to populate scenes in
brainrender. These include stuff like fetching streamlines
and neuronal morphology data.
"""
atlas_name = "ABA"
excluded_regions = ["fiber tracts"]
# Used for streamlines
base_url = "https://neuroinformatics.nl/HBP/allen-connectivity-viewer/json/streamlines_NNN.json.gz"
def __init__(self):
# mouse connectivity API [used for tractography]
if allen_sdk_installed:
self.mca = MouseConnectivityApi()
else:
self.mca = None
# ------------------------- Scene population methods ------------------------- #
def get_tractography(
self,
tractography,
color=None,
color_by="manual",
others_alpha=1,
verbose=True,
VIP_regions=[],
VIP_color=None,
others_color="white",
include_all_inj_regions=False,
display_injection_volume=True,
):
"""
Renders tractography data and adds it to the scene. A subset of tractography data can receive special treatment using the with VIP regions argument:
if the injection site for the tractography data is in a VIP regions, this is colored differently.
:param tractography: list of dictionaries with tractography data
:param color: color of rendered tractography data
:param color_by: str, specifies which criteria to use to color the tractography (Default value = "manual")
options:
- manual, define color of each tract
- target_region, color by the injected region
:param others_alpha: float (Default value = 1)
:param verbose: bool (Default value = True)
:param VIP_regions: list of brain regions with VIP treatement (Default value = [])
:param VIP_color: str, color to use for VIP data (Default value = None)
:param others_color: str, color for not VIP data (Default value = "white")
:param include_all_inj_regions: bool (Default value = False)
:param display_injection_volume: float, if True a spehere is added to display the injection coordinates and volume (Default value = True)
"""
# check argument
if not isinstance(tractography, list):
if isinstance(tractography, dict):
tractography = [tractography]
else:
raise ValueError(
"the 'tractography' variable passed must be a list of dictionaries"
)
else:
if not isinstance(tractography[0], dict):
raise ValueError(
"the 'tractography' variable passed must be a list of dictionaries"
)
if not isinstance(VIP_regions, list):
raise ValueError("VIP_regions should be a list of acronyms")
COLORS = parse_tractography_colors(
tractography,
include_all_inj_regions,
color=color,
color_by=color_by,
VIP_regions=VIP_regions,
VIP_color=VIP_color,
others_color=others_color,
)
COLORS = [
c if c is not None else self._get_from_structure(
t["structure-abbrev"], "rgb_triplet")
for c, t in zip(COLORS, tractography)
]
# add actors to represent tractography data
actors, structures_acronyms = [], []
if brainrender.VERBOSE and verbose:
print("Structures found to be projecting to target: ")
# Loop over injection experiments
for i, (t, color) in enumerate(zip(tractography, COLORS)):
# Use allen metadata
if include_all_inj_regions:
inj_structures = [
x["abbreviation"] for x in t["injection-structures"]
]
else:
inj_structures = [
self.get_structure_ancestors(t["structure-abbrev"])[-1]
]
if (brainrender.VERBOSE and verbose and not is_any_item_in_list(
inj_structures, structures_acronyms)):
print(" -- ({})".format(t["structure-abbrev"]))
structures_acronyms.append(t["structure-abbrev"])
# get tractography points and represent as list
if color_by == "target_region" and not is_any_item_in_list(
inj_structures, VIP_regions):
alpha = others_alpha
else:
alpha = brainrender.TRACTO_ALPHA
if alpha == 0:
continue # skip transparent ones
# represent injection site as sphere
if display_injection_volume:
actors.append(
shapes.Sphere(
pos=t["injection-coordinates"],
c=color,
r=brainrender.INJECTION_VOLUME_SIZE *
t["injection-volume"],
alpha=brainrender.TRACTO_ALPHA,
))
actors[-1].name = (str(t["injection-coordinates"]) +
"_injection")
points = [p["coord"] for p in t["path"]]
actors.append(
shapes.Tube(
points,
r=brainrender.TRACTO_RADIUS,
c=color,
alpha=alpha,
res=brainrender.TRACTO_RES,
))
actors[-1].name = str(t["injection-coordinates"]) + "_tractography"
return actors
def get_streamlines(self, sl_file, color=None, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Render streamline data downloaded from https://neuroinformatics.nl/HBP/allen-connectivity-viewer/streamline-downloader.html
:param sl_file: path to JSON file with streamliens data [or list of files]
:param color: either a single color or a list of colors to color each streamline individually
:param *args:
:param **kwargs:
"""
if not isinstance(sl_file, (list, tuple)):
sl_file = [sl_file]
# get a list of colors of length len(sl_file)
if color is not None:
if isinstance(color, (list, tuple)):
if isinstance(color[0], (float, int)): # it's an rgb color
color = [color for i in sl_file]
elif len(color) != len(sl_file):
raise ValueError(
"Wrong number of colors, should be one per streamline or 1"
)
else:
color = [color for i in sl_file]
else:
color = ["salmon" for i in sl_file]
actors = []
if isinstance(sl_file[0],
(str, pd.DataFrame)): # we have a list of files to add
for slf, col in track(
zip(sl_file, color),
total=len(sl_file),
description="parsing streamlines",
):
if isinstance(slf, str):
streamlines = parse_streamline(color=col,
filepath=slf,
*args,
**kwargs)
else:
streamlines = parse_streamline(color=col,
data=slf,
*args,
**kwargs)
actors.extend(streamlines)
else:
raise ValueError(
"unrecognized argument sl_file: {}".format(sl_file))
return actors
# ----------------------------------- Utils ---------------------------------- #
def get_projection_tracts_to_target(self, p0=None, **kwargs):
"""
Gets tractography data for all experiments whose projections reach the brain region or location of iterest.
:param p0: list of 3 floats with AP-DV-ML coordinates of point to be used as seed (Default value = None)
:param **kwargs:
"""
if self.mca is None:
raise ModuleNotFoundError(
'You need allen sdk to use this functino: "pip install allensdk"'
)
# check args
if p0 is None:
raise ValueError("Please pass coordinates")
elif isinstance(p0, np.ndarray):
p0 = list(p0)
elif not isinstance(p0, (list, tuple)):
raise ValueError("Invalid argument passed (p0): {}".format(p0))
p0 = [np.int(p) for p in p0]
tract = self.mca.experiment_spatial_search(seed_point=p0, **kwargs)
if isinstance(tract, str):
raise ValueError(
"Something went wrong with query, query error message:\n{}".
format(tract))
else:
return tract
def download_streamlines_for_region(self, region, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Using the Allen Mouse Connectivity data and corresponding API, this function finds expeirments whose injections
were targeted to the region of interest and downloads the corresponding streamlines data. By default, experiements
are selected for only WT mice and onl when the region was the primary injection target. Look at "ABA.experiments_source_search"
to see how to change this behaviour.
:param region: str with region to use for research
:param *args: arguments for ABA.experiments_source_search
:param **kwargs: arguments for ABA.experiments_source_search
"""
if self.mca is None:
raise ModuleNotFoundError(
'You need allen sdk to use this functino: "pip install allensdk"'
)
# Get experiments whose injections were targeted to the region
region_experiments = experiments_source_search(self.mca, region, *args,
**kwargs)
try:
return download_streamlines(
region_experiments.id.values,
streamlines_folder=self.streamlines_cache,
)
except:
print(f"Could not download streamlines for region {region}")
return [], [] # <- there were no experiments in the target region
def download_streamlines_to_region(self,
p0,
*args,
mouse_line="wt",
**kwargs):
"""
Using the Allen Mouse Connectivity data and corresponding API, this function finds injection experiments
which resulted in fluorescence being found in the target point, then downloads the streamlines data.
:param p0: list of floats with AP-DV-ML coordinates
:param mouse_line: str with name of the mouse line to use(Default value = "wt")
:param *args:
:param **kwargs:
"""
experiments = pd.DataFrame(self.get_projection_tracts_to_target(p0=p0))
if mouse_line == "wt":
experiments = experiments.loc[experiments["transgenic-line"] == ""]
else:
if not isinstance(mouse_line, list):
experiments = experiments.loc[experiments["transgenic-line"] ==
mouse_line]
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"ops, you've found a bug!. For now you can only pass one mouse line at the time, sorry."
)
return download_streamlines(experiments.id.values,
streamlines_folder=self.streamlines_cache)
class ABA:
"""
This class augments the functionality of
BrainGlobeAtlas with methods specific to the Allen
Mouse Brain atlas and necessary to populate scenes in
brainrender. These include stuff like fetching streamlines
and neuronal morphology data.
"""
atlas_name = "ABA"
resolution = 25
excluded_regions = ["fiber tracts"]
# Used for streamlines
base_url = "https://neuroinformatics.nl/HBP/allen-connectivity-viewer/json/streamlines_NNN.json.gz"
def __init__(self):
# get mouse connectivity cache and structure tree
self.mcc = MouseConnectivityCache(manifest_file=os.path.join(
self.mouse_connectivity_cache, "manifest.json"))
self.structure_tree = self.mcc.get_structure_tree()
# get ontologies API and brain structures sets
self.oapi = OntologiesApi()
# get reference space
self.space = ReferenceSpaceApi()
self.spacecache = ReferenceSpaceCache(
manifest=os.path.join(
self.annotated_volume_fld, "manifest.json"
), # downloaded files are stored relative to here
resolution=int(self.resolution[0]),
reference_space_key=
"annotation/ccf_2017", # use the latest version of the CCF
)
self.annotated_volume, _ = self.spacecache.get_annotation_volume()
# mouse connectivity API [used for tractography]
self.mca = MouseConnectivityApi()
# Get tree search api
self.tree_search = TreeSearchApi()
# ------------------------- Scene population methods ------------------------- #
def get_neurons(
self,
neurons,
color=None,
display_axon=True,
display_dendrites=True,
alpha=1,
neurite_radius=None,
soma_radius=None,
use_cache=True,
):
"""
Gets rendered morphological data of neurons reconstructions downloaded from the
Mouse Light project at Janelia (or other sources).
Accepts neurons argument as:
- file(s) with morphological data
- vedo mesh actor(s) of entire neurons reconstructions
- dictionary or list of dictionary with actors for different neuron parts
:param neurons: str, list, dict. File(s) with neurons data or list of rendered neurons.
:param display_axon, display_dendrites: if set to False the corresponding neurite is not rendered
:param color: default None. Can be:
- None: each neuron is given a random color
- color: rbg, hex etc. If a single color is passed all neurons will have that color
- cmap: str with name of a colormap: neurons are colored based on their sequential order and cmap
- dict: a dictionary specifying a color for soma, dendrites and axon actors, will be the same for all neurons
- list: a list of length = number of neurons with either a single color for each neuron
or a dictionary of colors for each neuron
:param alpha: float in range 0,1. Neurons transparency
:param neurite_radius: float > 0 , radius of tube actor representing neurites
:param use_cache: bool, if True a cache is used to avoid having to crate a neuron's mesh anew, otherwise a new mesh is created
"""
if not isinstance(neurons, (list, tuple)):
neurons = [neurons]
# ---------------------------------- Render ---------------------------------- #
_neurons_actors = []
for neuron in neurons:
neuron_actors = {"soma": None, "dendrites": None, "axon": None}
# Deal with neuron as filepath
if isinstance(neuron, str):
if os.path.isfile(neuron):
if neuron.endswith(".swc"):
neuron_actors, _ = get_neuron_actors_with_morphapi(
swcfile=neuron,
neurite_radius=neurite_radius,
soma_radius=soma_radius,
use_cache=use_cache,
)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Currently we can only parse morphological reconstructions from swc files"
)
else:
raise ValueError(
f"Passed neruon {neuron} is not a valid input. Maybe the file doesn't exist?"
)
# Deal with neuron as single actor
elif isinstance(neuron, Mesh):
# A single actor was passed, maybe it's the entire neuron
neuron_actors["soma"] = neuron # store it as soma
pass
# Deal with neuron as dictionary of actor
elif isinstance(neuron, dict):
neuron_actors["soma"] = neuron.pop("soma", None)
neuron_actors["axon"] = neuron.pop("axon", None)
# Get dendrites actors
if ("apical_dendrites" in neuron.keys()
or "basal_dendrites" in neuron.keys()):
if "apical_dendrites" not in neuron.keys():
neuron_actors["dendrites"] = neuron["basal_dendrites"]
elif "basal_dendrites" not in neuron.keys():
neuron_actors["dendrites"] = neuron["apical_dendrites"]
else:
neuron_actors["dendrites"] = merge(
neuron["apical_dendrites"],
neuron["basal_dendrites"],
)
else:
neuron_actors["dendrites"] = neuron.pop("dendrites", None)
# Deal with neuron as instance of Neuron from morphapi
elif isinstance(neuron, Neuron):
neuron_actors, _ = get_neuron_actors_with_morphapi(
neuron=neuron,
neurite_radius=neurite_radius,
use_cache=use_cache,
)
# Deal with other inputs
else:
raise ValueError(
f"Passed neuron {neuron} is not a valid input")
# Check that we don't have anything weird in neuron_actors
for key, act in neuron_actors.items():
if act is not None:
if not isinstance(act, Mesh):
raise ValueError(
f"Neuron actor {key} is {type(act)} but should be a vedo Mesh. Not: {act}"
)
if not display_axon:
neuron_actors["axon"] = None
if not display_dendrites:
neuron_actors["dendrites"] = None
_neurons_actors.append(neuron_actors)
# Color actors
colors = parse_neurons_colors(neurons, color)
for n, neuron in enumerate(_neurons_actors):
if neuron["axon"] is not None:
neuron["axon"].c(colors["axon"][n])
neuron["axon"].name = "neuron-axon"
if neuron["soma"] is not None:
neuron["soma"].c(colors["soma"][n])
neuron["soma"].name = "neuron-soma"
if neuron["dendrites"] is not None:
neuron["dendrites"].c(colors["dendrites"][n])
neuron["dendrites"].name = "neuron-dendrites"
# Return
return return_list_smart(_neurons_actors), None
def get_tractography(
self,
tractography,
color=None,
color_by="manual",
others_alpha=1,
verbose=True,
VIP_regions=[],
VIP_color=None,
others_color="white",
include_all_inj_regions=False,
display_injection_volume=True,
):
"""
Renders tractography data and adds it to the scene. A subset of tractography data can receive special treatment using the with VIP regions argument:
if the injection site for the tractography data is in a VIP regions, this is colored differently.
:param tractography: list of dictionaries with tractography data
:param color: color of rendered tractography data
:param color_by: str, specifies which criteria to use to color the tractography (Default value = "manual")
options:
- manual, define color of each tract
- target_region, color by the injected region
:param others_alpha: float (Default value = 1)
:param verbose: bool (Default value = True)
:param VIP_regions: list of brain regions with VIP treatement (Default value = [])
:param VIP_color: str, color to use for VIP data (Default value = None)
:param others_color: str, color for not VIP data (Default value = "white")
:param include_all_inj_regions: bool (Default value = False)
:param display_injection_volume: float, if True a spehere is added to display the injection coordinates and volume (Default value = True)
"""
# check argument
if not isinstance(tractography, list):
if isinstance(tractography, dict):
tractography = [tractography]
else:
raise ValueError(
"the 'tractography' variable passed must be a list of dictionaries"
)
else:
if not isinstance(tractography[0], dict):
raise ValueError(
"the 'tractography' variable passed must be a list of dictionaries"
)
if not isinstance(VIP_regions, list):
raise ValueError("VIP_regions should be a list of acronyms")
COLORS = parse_tractography_colors(
tractography,
include_all_inj_regions,
color=color,
color_by=color_by,
VIP_regions=VIP_regions,
VIP_color=VIP_color,
others_color=others_color,
)
COLORS = [
c if c is not None else self._get_from_structure(
t["structure-abbrev"], "rgb_triplet")
for c, t in zip(COLORS, tractography)
]
# add actors to represent tractography data
actors, structures_acronyms = [], []
if brainrender.VERBOSE and verbose:
print("Structures found to be projecting to target: ")
# Loop over injection experiments
for i, (t, color) in enumerate(zip(tractography, COLORS)):
# Use allen metadata
if include_all_inj_regions:
inj_structures = [
x["abbreviation"] for x in t["injection-structures"]
]
else:
inj_structures = [
self.get_structure_ancestors(t["structure-abbrev"])[-1]
]
if (brainrender.VERBOSE and verbose and not is_any_item_in_list(
inj_structures, structures_acronyms)):
print(" -- ({})".format(t["structure-abbrev"]))
structures_acronyms.append(t["structure-abbrev"])
# get tractography points and represent as list
if color_by == "target_region" and not is_any_item_in_list(
inj_structures, VIP_regions):
alpha = others_alpha
else:
alpha = brainrender.TRACTO_ALPHA
if alpha == 0:
continue # skip transparent ones
# represent injection site as sphere
if display_injection_volume:
actors.append(
shapes.Sphere(
pos=t["injection-coordinates"],
c=color,
r=brainrender.INJECTION_VOLUME_SIZE *
t["injection-volume"],
alpha=brainrender.TRACTO_ALPHA,
))
actors[-1].name = (str(t["injection-coordinates"]) +
"_injection")
points = [p["coord"] for p in t["path"]]
actors.append(
shapes.Tube(
points,
r=brainrender.TRACTO_RADIUS,
c=color,
alpha=alpha,
res=brainrender.TRACTO_RES,
))
actors[-1].name = str(t["injection-coordinates"]) + "_tractography"
return actors
def get_streamlines(self, sl_file, color=None, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Render streamline data downloaded from https://neuroinformatics.nl/HBP/allen-connectivity-viewer/streamline-downloader.html
:param sl_file: path to JSON file with streamliens data [or list of files]
:param color: either a single color or a list of colors to color each streamline individually
:param *args:
:param **kwargs:
"""
if not isinstance(sl_file, (list, tuple)):
sl_file = [sl_file]
# get a list of colors of length len(sl_file)
if color is not None:
if isinstance(color, (list, tuple)):
if isinstance(color[0], (float, int)): # it's an rgb color
color = [color for i in sl_file]
elif len(color) != len(sl_file):
raise ValueError(
"Wrong number of colors, should be one per streamline or 1"
)
else:
color = [color for i in sl_file]
else:
color = ["salmon" for i in sl_file]
actors = []
if isinstance(sl_file[0],
(str, pd.DataFrame)): # we have a list of files to add
for slf, col in track(
zip(sl_file, color),
total=len(sl_file),
description="parsing streamlines",
):
if isinstance(slf, str):
streamlines = parse_streamline(color=col,
filepath=slf,
*args,
**kwargs)
else:
streamlines = parse_streamline(color=col,
data=slf,
*args,
**kwargs)
actors.extend(streamlines)
else:
raise ValueError(
"unrecognized argument sl_file: {}".format(sl_file))
return actors
# ----------------------------------- Utils ---------------------------------- #
def get_projection_tracts_to_target(self, p0=None, **kwargs):
"""
Gets tractography data for all experiments whose projections reach the brain region or location of iterest.
:param p0: list of 3 floats with AP-DV-ML coordinates of point to be used as seed (Default value = None)
:param **kwargs:
"""
# check args
if p0 is None:
raise ValueError("Please pass coordinates")
elif isinstance(p0, np.ndarray):
p0 = list(p0)
elif not isinstance(p0, (list, tuple)):
raise ValueError("Invalid argument passed (p0): {}".format(p0))
p0 = [np.int(p) for p in p0]
tract = self.mca.experiment_spatial_search(seed_point=p0, **kwargs)
if isinstance(tract, str):
raise ValueError(
"Something went wrong with query, query error message:\n{}".
format(tract))
else:
return tract
def download_streamlines_for_region(self, region, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Using the Allen Mouse Connectivity data and corresponding API, this function finds expeirments whose injections
were targeted to the region of interest and downloads the corresponding streamlines data. By default, experiements
are selected for only WT mice and onl when the region was the primary injection target. Look at "ABA.experiments_source_search"
to see how to change this behaviour.
:param region: str with region to use for research
:param *args: arguments for ABA.experiments_source_search
:param **kwargs: arguments for ABA.experiments_source_search
"""
# Get experiments whose injections were targeted to the region
region_experiments = experiments_source_search(self.mca, region, *args,
**kwargs)
try:
return download_streamlines(
region_experiments.id.values,
streamlines_folder=self.streamlines_cache,
)
except:
print(f"Could not download streamlines for region {region}")
return [], [] # <- there were no experiments in the target region
def download_streamlines_to_region(self,
p0,
*args,
mouse_line="wt",
**kwargs):
"""
Using the Allen Mouse Connectivity data and corresponding API, this function finds injection experiments
which resulted in fluorescence being found in the target point, then downloads the streamlines data.
:param p0: list of floats with AP-DV-ML coordinates
:param mouse_line: str with name of the mouse line to use(Default value = "wt")
:param *args:
:param **kwargs:
"""
experiments = pd.DataFrame(self.get_projection_tracts_to_target(p0=p0))
if mouse_line == "wt":
experiments = experiments.loc[experiments["transgenic-line"] == ""]
else:
if not isinstance(mouse_line, list):
experiments = experiments.loc[experiments["transgenic-line"] ==
mouse_line]
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"ops, you've found a bug!. For now you can only pass one mouse line at the time, sorry."
)
return download_streamlines(experiments.id.values,
streamlines_folder=self.streamlines_cache)
class ABA(Atlas):
"""
This class handles interaction with the Allen Brain Atlas datasets and APIs to get structure trees,
experimental metadata and results, tractography data etc.
"""
ignore_regions = ['retina', 'brain', 'fiber tracts', 'grey'] # ignored when rendering
# useful vars for analysis
excluded_regions = ["fiber tracts"]
resolution = 25
_root_bounds = [[-17, 13193],
[ 134, 7564],
[486, 10891]]
_root_midpoint = [np.mean([-17, 13193]),
np.mean([134, 7564]),
np.mean([486, 10891])]
atlas_name = "ABA"
mesh_format = 'obj'
base_url = "https://neuroinformatics.nl/HBP/allen-connectivity-viewer/json/streamlines_NNN.json.gz"
# Used for streamlines
def __init__(self, base_dir=None, **kwargs):
"""
Set up file paths and Allen SDKs
:param base_dir: path to directory to use for saving data (default value None)
:param kwargs: can be used to pass path to individual data folders. See brainrender/Utils/paths_manager.py
"""
Atlas.__init__(self, base_dir=base_dir, **kwargs)
self.meshes_folder = self.mouse_meshes # where the .obj mesh for each region is saved
# get mouse connectivity cache and structure tree
self.mcc = MouseConnectivityCache(manifest_file=os.path.join(self.mouse_connectivity_cache, "manifest.json"))
self.structure_tree = self.mcc.get_structure_tree()
# get ontologies API and brain structures sets
self.oapi = OntologiesApi()
self.get_structures_sets()
# get reference space
self.space = ReferenceSpaceApi()
self.spacecache = ReferenceSpaceCache(
manifest=os.path.join(self.annotated_volume_fld, "manifest.json"), # downloaded files are stored relative to here
resolution=self.resolution,
reference_space_key="annotation/ccf_2017" # use the latest version of the CCF
)
self.annotated_volume, _ = self.spacecache.get_annotation_volume()
# mouse connectivity API [used for tractography]
self.mca = MouseConnectivityApi()
# Get tree search api
self.tree_search = TreeSearchApi()
# Store all regions metadata [If there's internet connection]
if self.other_sets is not None:
self.regions = self.other_sets["Structures whose surfaces are represented by a precomputed mesh"].sort_values('acronym')
self.region_acronyms = list(self.other_sets["Structures whose surfaces are represented by a precomputed mesh"].sort_values(
'acronym').acronym.values)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Methods to support Scene creation #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
"""
These methods are used by brainrender.scene to populate a scene using
the Allen brain atlas meshes. They overwrite methods of the base atlas class
"""
# ------------------------- Getting elements for scene ------------------------- #
def get_brain_regions(self, brain_regions, VIP_regions=None, VIP_color=None,
add_labels=False,
colors=None, use_original_color=True,
alpha=None, hemisphere=None, verbose=False, **kwargs):
"""
Gets brain regions meshes for rendering
Many parameters can be passed to specify how the regions should be rendered.
To treat a subset of the rendered regions, specify which regions are VIP.
Use the kwargs to specify more detailes on how the regins should be rendered (e.g. wireframe look)
:param brain_regions: str list of acronyms of brain regions
:param VIP_regions: if a list of brain regions are passed, these are rendered differently compared to those in brain_regions (Default value = None)
:param VIP_color: if passed, this color is used for the VIP regions (Default value = None)
:param colors: str, color of rendered brian regions (Default value = None)
:param use_original_color: bool, if True, the allen's default color for the region is used. (Default value = False)
:param alpha: float, transparency of the rendered brain regions (Default value = None)
:param hemisphere: str (Default value = None)
:param add_labels: bool (default False). If true a label is added to each regions' actor. The label is visible when hovering the mouse over the actor
:param **kwargs: used to determine a bunch of thigs, including the look and location of lables from scene.add_labels
"""
# Check that the atlas has brain regions data
if self.region_acronyms is None:
print(f"The atlas {self.atlas_name} has no brain regions data")
return
# Parse arguments
if VIP_regions is None:
VIP_regions = brainrender.DEFAULT_VIP_REGIONS
if VIP_color is None:
VIP_color = brainrender.DEFAULT_VIP_COLOR
if alpha is None:
_alpha = brainrender.DEFAULT_STRUCTURE_ALPHA
else: _alpha = alpha
# check that we have a list
if not isinstance(brain_regions, list):
brain_regions = [brain_regions]
# check the colors input is correct
if colors is not None:
if isinstance(colors[0], (list, tuple)):
if not len(colors) == len(brain_regions):
raise ValueError("when passing colors as a list, the number of colors must match the number of brain regions")
for col in colors:
if not check_colors(col): raise ValueError("Invalide colors in input: {}".format(col))
else:
if not check_colors(colors): raise ValueError("Invalide colors in input: {}".format(colors))
colors = [colors for i in range(len(brain_regions))]
# loop over all brain regions
actors = {}
for i, region in enumerate(brain_regions):
self._check_valid_region_arg(region)
if region in self.ignore_regions: continue
if verbose: print("Rendering: ({})".format(region))
# get the structure and check if we need to download the object file
if region not in self.region_acronyms:
print(f"The region {region} doesn't seem to belong to the atlas being used: {self.atlas_name}. Skipping")
continue
obj_file = os.path.join(self.meshes_folder, "{}.{}".format(region, self.mesh_format))
if not self._check_obj_file(region, obj_file):
print("Could not render {}, maybe we couldn't get the mesh?".format(region))
continue
# check which color to assign to the brain region
if use_original_color:
color = [x/255 for x in self.get_region_color(region)]
else:
if region in VIP_regions:
color = VIP_color
else:
if colors is None:
color = brainrender.DEFAULT_STRUCTURE_COLOR
elif isinstance(colors, list):
color = colors[i]
else:
color = colors
if region in VIP_regions:
alpha = 1
else:
alpha = _alpha
# Load the object file as a mesh and store the actor
if hemisphere is not None:
if hemisphere.lower() == "left" or hemisphere.lower() == "right":
obj = self.get_region_unilateral(region, hemisphere=hemisphere, color=color, alpha=alpha)
else:
raise ValueError(f'Invalid hemisphere argument: {hemisphere}')
else:
obj = load(obj_file, c=color, alpha=alpha)
if obj is not None:
actors_funcs.edit_actor(obj, **kwargs)
actors[region] = obj
else:
print(f"Something went wrong while loading mesh data for {region}")
return actors
def get_neurons(self, neurons, color=None, display_axon=True, display_dendrites=True,
alpha=1, neurite_radius=None):
"""
Gets rendered morphological data of neurons reconstructions downloaded from the
Mouse Light project at Janelia (or other sources).
Accepts neurons argument as:
- file(s) with morphological data
- vtkplotter mesh actor(s) of entire neurons reconstructions
- dictionary or list of dictionary with actors for different neuron parts
:param neurons: str, list, dict. File(s) with neurons data or list of rendered neurons.
:param display_axon, display_dendrites: if set to False the corresponding neurite is not rendered
:param color: default None. Can be:
- None: each neuron is given a random color
- color: rbg, hex etc. If a single color is passed all neurons will have that color
- cmap: str with name of a colormap: neurons are colored based on their sequential order and cmap
- dict: a dictionary specifying a color for soma, dendrites and axon actors, will be the same for all neurons
- list: a list of length = number of neurons with either a single color for each neuron
or a dictionary of colors for each neuron
:param alpha: float in range 0,1. Neurons transparency
:param neurite_radius: float > 0 , radius of tube actor representing neurites
"""
if not isinstance(neurons, (list, tuple)):
neurons = [neurons]
# ------------------------------ Prepare colors ------------------------------ #
N = len(neurons)
colors = dict(
soma = None,
axon = None,
dendrites = None,
)
# If no color is passed, get random colors
if color is None:
cols = get_random_colors(N)
colors = dict(
soma = cols.copy(),
axon = cols.copy(),
dendrites = cols.copy(),)
else:
if isinstance(color, str):
# Deal with a a cmap being passed
if color in _mapscales_cmaps:
cols = [colorMap(n, name=color, vmin=-2, vmax=N+2) for n in np.arange(N)]
colors = dict(
soma = cols.copy(),
axon = cols.copy(),
dendrites = cols.copy(),)
else:
# Deal with a single color being passed
cols = [getColor(color) for n in np.arange(N)]
colors = dict(
soma = cols.copy(),
axon = cols.copy(),
dendrites = cols.copy(),)
elif isinstance(color, dict):
# Deal with a dictionary with color for each component
if not 'soma' in color.keys():
raise ValueError(f"When passing a dictionary as color argument, \
soma should be one fo the keys: {color}")
dendrites_color = color.pop('dendrites', color['soma'])
axon_color = color.pop('axon', color['soma'])
colors = dict(
soma = [color['soma'] for n in np.arange(N)],
axon = [axon_color for n in np.arange(N)],
dendrites = [dendrites_color for n in np.arange(N)],)
elif isinstance(color, (list, tuple)):
# Check that the list content makes sense
if len(color) != N:
raise ValueError(f"When passing a list of color arguments, the list length"+
f" ({len(color)}) should match the number of neurons ({N}).")
if len(set([type(c) for c in color])) > 1:
raise ValueError(f"When passing a list of color arguments, all list elements"+
" should have the same type (e.g. str or dict)")
if isinstance(color[0], dict):
# Deal with a list of dictionaries
soma_colors, dendrites_colors, axon_colors = [], [], []
for col in colors:
if not 'soma' in col.keys():
raise ValueError(f"When passing a dictionary as col argument, \
soma should be one fo the keys: {col}")
dendrites_colors.append(col.pop('dendrites', col['soma']))
axon_colors.append(col.pop('axon', col['soma']))
soma_colors.append(col['soma'])
colors = dict(
soma = soma_colors,
axon = axon_colors,
dendrites = dendrites_colors,)
else:
# Deal with a list of colors
colors = dict(
soma = color.copy(),
axon = color.copy(),
dendrites = color.copy(),)
else:
raise ValueError(f"Color argument passed is not valid. Should be a \
str, dict, list or None, not {type(color)}:{color}")
# Check colors, if everything went well we should have N colors per entry
for k,v in colors.items():
if len(v) != N:
raise ValueError(f"Something went wrong while preparing colors. Not all \
entries have right length. We got: {colors}")
# ---------------------------------- Render ---------------------------------- #
_neurons_actors = []
for neuron in neurons:
neuron_actors = {'soma':None, 'dendrites':None, 'axon': None}
# Deal with neuron as filepath
if isinstance(neuron, str):
if os.path.isfile(neuron):
if neuron.endswith('.swc'):
neuron_actors, _ = get_neuron_actors_with_morphapi(swcfile=neuron, neurite_radius=neurite_radius)
else:
raise NotImplementedError('Currently we can only parse morphological reconstructions from swc files')
else:
raise ValueError(f"Passed neruon {neuron} is not a valid input. Maybe the file doesn't exist?")
# Deal with neuron as single actor
elif isinstance(neuron, Actor):
# A single actor was passed, maybe it's the entire neuron
neuron_actors['soma'] = neuron # store it as soma anyway
pass
# Deal with neuron as dictionary of actor
elif isinstance(neuron, dict):
neuron_actors['soma'] = neuron.pop('soma', None)
neuron_actors['axon'] = neuron.pop('axon', None)
# Get dendrites actors
if 'apical_dendrites' in neuron.keys() or 'basal_dendrites' in neuron.keys():
if 'apical_dendrites' not in neuron.keys():
neuron_actors['dendrites'] = neuron['basal_dendrites']
elif 'basal_dendrites' not in neuron.keys():
neuron_actors['dendrites'] = neuron['apical_dendrites']
else:
neuron_ctors['dendrites'] = merge(neuron['apical_dendrites'], neuron['basal_dendrites'])
else:
neuron_actors['dendrites'] = neuron.pop('dendrites', None)
# Deal with neuron as instance of Neuron from morphapi
elif isinstance(neuron, Neuron):
neuron_actors, _ = get_neuron_actors_with_morphapi(neuron=neuron)
# Deal with other inputs
else:
raise ValueError(f"Passed neuron {neuron} is not a valid input")
# Check that we don't have anything weird in neuron_actors
for key, act in neuron_actors.items():
if act is not None:
if not isinstance(act, Actor):
raise ValueError(f"Neuron actor {key} is {act.__type__} but should be a vtkplotter Mesh. Not: {act}")
if not display_axon:
neuron_actors['axon'] = None
if not display_dendrites:
neuron_actors['dendrites'] = None
_neurons_actors.append(neuron_actors)
# Color actors
for n, neuron in enumerate(_neurons_actors):
if neuron['axon'] is not None:
neuron['axon'].c(colors['axon'][n])
neuron['soma'].c(colors['soma'][n])
if neuron['dendrites'] is not None:
neuron['dendrites'].c(colors['dendrites'][n])
# Return
if len(_neurons_actors) == 1:
return _neurons_actors[0], None
elif not _neurons_actors:
return None, None
else:
return _neurons_actors, None
def get_tractography(self, tractography, color=None, color_by="manual", others_alpha=1, verbose=True,
VIP_regions=[], VIP_color=None, others_color="white", include_all_inj_regions=False,
extract_region_from_inj_coords=False, display_injection_volume=True):
"""
Renders tractography data and adds it to the scene. A subset of tractography data can receive special treatment using the with VIP regions argument:
if the injection site for the tractography data is in a VIP regions, this is colored differently.
:param tractography: list of dictionaries with tractography data
:param color: color of rendered tractography data
:param color_by: str, specifies which criteria to use to color the tractography (Default value = "manual")
:param others_alpha: float (Default value = 1)
:param verbose: bool (Default value = True)
:param VIP_regions: list of brain regions with VIP treatement (Default value = [])
:param VIP_color: str, color to use for VIP data (Default value = None)
:param others_color: str, color for not VIP data (Default value = "white")
:param include_all_inj_regions: bool (Default value = False)
:param extract_region_from_inj_coords: bool (Default value = False)
:param display_injection_volume: float, if True a spehere is added to display the injection coordinates and volume (Default value = True)
"""
# check argument
if not isinstance(tractography, list):
if isinstance(tractography, dict):
tractography = [tractography]
else:
raise ValueError("the 'tractography' variable passed must be a list of dictionaries")
else:
if not isinstance(tractography[0], dict):
raise ValueError("the 'tractography' variable passed must be a list of dictionaries")
if not isinstance(VIP_regions, list):
raise ValueError("VIP_regions should be a list of acronyms")
# check coloring mode used and prepare a list COLORS to use for coloring stuff
if color_by == "manual":
# check color argument
if color is None:
color = TRACT_DEFAULT_COLOR
COLORS = [color for i in range(len(tractography))]
elif isinstance(color, list):
if not len(color) == len(tractography):
raise ValueError("If a list of colors is passed, it must have the same number of items as the number of tractography traces")
else:
for col in color:
if not check_colors(col): raise ValueError("Color variable passed to tractography is invalid: {}".format(col))
COLORS = color
else:
if not check_colors(color):
raise ValueError("Color variable passed to tractography is invalid: {}".format(color))
else:
COLORS = [color for i in range(len(tractography))]
elif color_by == "region":
COLORS = [self.get_region_color(t['structure-abbrev']) for t in tractography]
elif color_by == "target_region":
if VIP_color is not None:
if not check_colors(VIP_color) or not check_colors(others_color):
raise ValueError("Invalid VIP or other color passed")
try:
if include_all_inj_regions:
COLORS = [VIP_color if is_any_item_in_list( [x['abbreviation'] for x in t['injection-structures']], VIP_regions)\
else others_color for t in tractography]
else:
COLORS = [VIP_color if t['structure-abbrev'] in VIP_regions else others_color for t in tractography]
except:
raise ValueError("Something went wrong while getting colors for tractography")
else:
COLORS = [self.get_region_color(t['structure-abbrev']) if t['structure-abbrev'] in VIP_regions else others_color for t in tractography]
else:
raise ValueError("Unrecognised 'color_by' argument {}".format(color_by))
# add actors to represent tractography data
actors, structures_acronyms = [], []
if VERBOSE and verbose:
print("Structures found to be projecting to target: ")
# Loop over injection experiments
for i, (t, color) in enumerate(zip(tractography, COLORS)):
# Use allen metadata
if include_all_inj_regions:
inj_structures = [x['abbreviation'] for x in t['injection-structures']]
else:
inj_structures = [self.get_structure_parent(t['structure-abbrev'])['acronym']]
if VERBOSE and verbose and not is_any_item_in_list(inj_structures, structures_acronyms):
print(" -- ({})".format(t['structure-abbrev']))
structures_acronyms.append(t['structure-abbrev'])
# get tractography points and represent as list
if color_by == "target_region" and not is_any_item_in_list(inj_structures, VIP_regions):
alpha = others_alpha
else:
alpha = TRACTO_ALPHA
if alpha == 0:
continue # skip transparent ones
# check if we need to manually check injection coords
if extract_region_from_inj_coords:
try:
region = self.get_structure_from_coordinates(t['injection-coordinates'],
just_acronym=False)
if region is None: continue
inj_structures = [self.get_structure_parent(region['acronym'])['acronym']]
except:
raise ValueError(self.get_structure_from_coordinates(t['injection-coordinates'],
just_acronym=False))
if inj_structures is None: continue
elif isinstance(extract_region_from_inj_coords, list):
# check if injection coord are in one of the brain regions in list, otherwise skip
if not is_any_item_in_list(inj_structures, extract_region_from_inj_coords):
continue
# represent injection site as sphere
if display_injection_volume:
actors.append(shapes.Sphere(pos=t['injection-coordinates'],
c=color, r=INJECTION_VOLUME_SIZE*t['injection-volume'], alpha=TRACTO_ALPHA))
points = [p['coord'] for p in t['path']]
actors.append(shapes.Tube(points, r=TRACTO_RADIUS, c=color, alpha=alpha, res=TRACTO_RES))
return actors
def get_streamlines(self, sl_file, *args, colorby=None, color_each=False, **kwargs):
"""
Render streamline data downloaded from https://neuroinformatics.nl/HBP/allen-connectivity-viewer/streamline-downloader.html
:param sl_file: path to JSON file with streamliens data [or list of files]
:param colorby: str, criteria for how to color the streamline data (Default value = None)
:param color_each: bool, if True, the streamlines for each injection is colored differently (Default value = False)
:param *args:
:param **kwargs:
"""
color = None
if not color_each:
if colorby is not None:
try:
color = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([colorby])[0]['rgb_triplet']
if "color" in kwargs.keys():
del kwargs["color"]
except:
raise ValueError("Could not extract color for region: {}".format(colorby))
else:
if colorby is not None:
color = kwargs.pop("color", None)
try:
get_n_shades_of(color, 1)
except:
raise ValueError("Invalide color argument: {}".format(color))
if not isinstance(sl_file, (list, tuple)):
sl_file = [sl_file]
actors = []
if isinstance(sl_file[0], (str, pd.DataFrame)): # we have a list of files to add
for slf in tqdm(sl_file):
if not color_each:
if color is not None:
if isinstance(slf, str):
streamlines = parse_streamline(filepath=slf, *args, color=color, **kwargs)
else:
streamlines = parse_streamline(data=slf, *args, color=color, **kwargs)
else:
if isinstance(slf, str):
streamlines = parse_streamline(filepath=slf, *args, **kwargs)
else:
streamlines = parse_streamline(data=slf, *args, **kwargs)
else:
if color is not None:
col = get_n_shades_of(color, 1)[0]
else:
col = get_random_colors(n_colors=1)
if isinstance(slf, str):
streamlines = parse_streamline(filepath=slf, color=col, *args, **kwargs)
else:
streamlines = parse_streamline(data= slf, color=col, *args, **kwargs)
actors.extend(streamlines)
else:
raise ValueError("unrecognized argument sl_file: {}".format(sl_file))
return actors
def get_injection_sites(self, experiments, color=None):
"""
Creates Spherse at the location of injections with a volume proportional to the injected volume
:param experiments: list of dictionaries with tractography data
:param color: (Default value = None)
"""
# check arguments
if not isinstance(experiments, list):
raise ValueError("experiments must be a list")
if not isinstance(experiments[0], dict):
raise ValueError("experiments should be a list of dictionaries")
#c= cgeck color
if color is None:
color = INJECTION_DEFAULT_COLOR
injection_sites = []
for exp in experiments:
injection_sites.append(shapes.Sphere(pos=(exp["injection_x"], exp["injection_y"], exp["injection_z"]),
r = INJECTION_VOLUME_SIZE*exp["injection_volume"]*3,
c=color
))
return injection_sites
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# STRUCTURE TREE INTERACTION #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# ------------------------- Get/Print structures sets ------------------------ #
def get_structures_sets(self):
"""
Get the Allen's structure sets.
"""
summary_structures = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_set_id([167587189]) # main summary structures
summary_structures = [s for s in summary_structures if s["acronym"] not in self.excluded_regions]
self.structures = pd.DataFrame(summary_structures)
# Other structures sets
try:
all_sets = pd.DataFrame(self.oapi.get_structure_sets())
except:
print("Could not retrieve data, possibly because there is no internet connection. Limited functionality available.")
else:
sets = ["Summary structures of the pons", "Summary structures of the thalamus",
"Summary structures of the hypothalamus", "List of structures for ABA Fine Structure Search",
"Structures representing the major divisions of the mouse brain", "Summary structures of the midbrain", "Structures whose surfaces are represented by a precomputed mesh"]
self.other_sets = {}
for set_name in sets:
set_id = all_sets.loc[all_sets.description == set_name].id.values[0]
self.other_sets[set_name] = pd.DataFrame(self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_set_id([set_id]))
self.all_avaliable_meshes = sorted(self.other_sets["Structures whose surfaces are represented by a precomputed mesh"].acronym.values)
def print_structures_list_to_text(self):
"""
Saves the name of every brain structure for which a 3d mesh (.obj file) is available in a text file.
"""
s = self.other_sets["Structures whose surfaces are represented by a precomputed mesh"].sort_values('acronym')
with open('all_regions.txt', 'w') as o:
for acr, name in zip(s.acronym.values, s['name'].values):
o.write("({}) -- {}\n".format(acr, name))
def print_structures(self):
"""
Prints the name of every structure in the structure tree to the console.
"""
acronyms, names = self.structures.acronym.values, self.structures['name'].values
sort_idx = np.argsort(acronyms)
acronyms, names = acronyms[sort_idx], names[sort_idx]
[print("({}) - {}".format(a, n)) for a,n in zip(acronyms, names)]
# -------------------------- Parents and descendants ------------------------- #
def get_structure_ancestors(self, regions, ancestors=True, descendants=False):
"""
Get's the ancestors of the region(s) passed as arguments
:param regions: str, list of str with acronums of regions of interest
:param ancestors: if True, returns the ancestors of the region (Default value = True)
:param descendants: if True, returns the descendants of the region (Default value = False)
"""
if not isinstance(regions, list):
struct_id = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([regions])[0]['id']
return pd.DataFrame(self.tree_search.get_tree('Structure', struct_id, ancestors=ancestors, descendants=descendants))
else:
ancestors = []
for region in regions:
struct_id = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([region])[0]['id']
ancestors.append(pd.DataFrame(self.tree_search.get_tree('Structure', struct_id, ancestors=ancestors, descendants=descendants)))
return ancestors
def get_structure_descendants(self, regions):
return self.get_structure_ancestors(regions, ancestors=False, descendants=True)
def get_structure_parent(self, acronyms):
"""
Gets the parent of a brain region (or list of regions) from the hierarchical structure of the
Allen Brain Atals.
:param acronyms: list of acronyms of brain regions.
"""
if not isinstance(acronyms, list):
self._check_valid_region_arg(acronyms)
s = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([acronyms])[0]
if s['id'] in self.structures.id.values:
return s
else:
return self.get_structure_ancestors(s['acronym']).iloc[-1]
else:
parents = []
for region in acronyms:
self._check_valid_region_arg(region)
s = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym(acronyms)[0]
if s['id'] in self.structures.id.values:
parents.append(s)
parents.append(self.get_structure_ancestors(s['acronym']).iloc[-1])
return parents
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# UTILS #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
def get_hemisphere_from_point(self, point):
if point[2] < self._root_midpoint[2]:
return 'left'
else:
return 'right'
def mirror_point_across_hemispheres(self, point):
delta = point[2] - self._root_midpoint[2]
point[2] = self._root_midpoint[2] - delta
return point
def get_region_color(self, regions):
"""
Gets the RGB color of a brain region from the Allen Brain Atlas.
:param regions: list of regions acronyms.
"""
if not isinstance(regions, list):
return self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([regions])[0]['rgb_triplet']
else:
return [self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([r])[0]['rgb_triplet'] for r in regions]
def _check_obj_file(self, region, obj_file):
"""
If the .obj file for a brain region hasn't been downloaded already, this function downloads it and saves it.
:param region: string, acronym of brain region
:param obj_file: path to .obj file to save downloaded data.
"""
# checks if the obj file has been downloaded already, if not it takes care of downloading it
if not os.path.isfile(obj_file):
try:
if isinstance(region, dict):
region = region['acronym']
structure = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([region])[0]
except Exception as e:
raise ValueError(f'Could not find region with name {region}, got error: {e}')
try:
self.space.download_structure_mesh(structure_id = structure["id"],
ccf_version ="annotation/ccf_2017",
file_name=obj_file)
return True
except:
print("Could not get mesh for: {}".format(obj_file))
return False
else: return True
def _get_structure_mesh(self, acronym, **kwargs):
"""
Fetches the mesh for a brain region from the Allen Brain Atlas SDK.
:param acronym: string, acronym of brain region
:param **kwargs:
"""
structure = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_acronym([acronym])[0]
obj_path = os.path.join(self.mouse_meshes, "{}.obj".format(acronym))
if self._check_obj_file(structure, obj_path):
mesh = load_mesh_from_file(obj_path, **kwargs)
return mesh
else:
return None
def get_region_unilateral(self, region, hemisphere="both", color=None, alpha=None):
"""
Regions meshes are loaded with both hemispheres' meshes by default.
This function splits them in two.
:param region: str, actors of brain region
:param hemisphere: str, which hemisphere to return ['left', 'right' or 'both'] (Default value = "both")
:param color: color of each side's mesh. (Default value = None)
:param alpha: transparency of each side's mesh. (Default value = None)
"""
if color is None: color = ROOT_COLOR
if alpha is None: alpha = ROOT_ALPHA
bilateralmesh = self._get_structure_mesh(region, c=color, alpha=alpha)
if bilateralmesh is None:
print(f'Failed to get mesh for {region}, returning None')
return None
com = bilateralmesh.centerOfMass() # this will always give a point that is on the midline
cut = bilateralmesh.cutWithPlane(origin=com, normal=(0, 0, 1))
right = bilateralmesh.cutWithPlane( origin=com, normal=(0, 0, 1))
# left is the mirror right # WIP
com = self.get_region_CenterOfMass('root', unilateral=False)[2]
left = actors_funcs.mirror_actor_at_point(right.clone(), com, axis='x')
if hemisphere == "both":
return left, right
elif hemisphere == "left":
return left
else:
return right
@staticmethod
def _check_valid_region_arg(region):
"""
Check that the string passed is a valid brain region name.
:param region: string, acronym of a brain region according to the Allen Brain Atlas.
"""
if not isinstance(region, int) and not isinstance(region, str):
raise ValueError("region must be a list, integer or string, not: {}".format(type(region)))
else:
return True
def get_hemispere_from_point(self, p0):
if p0[2] > self._root_midpoint[2]:
return 'right'
else:
return 'left'
def get_structure_from_coordinates(self, p0, just_acronym=True):
"""
Given a point in the Allen Mouse Brain reference space, returns the brain region that the point is in.
:param p0: list of floats with XYZ coordinates.
"""
voxel = np.round(np.array(p0) / self.resolution).astype(int)
try:
structure_id = self.annotated_volume[voxel[0], voxel[1], voxel[2]]
except:
return None
# Each voxel in the annotation volume is annotated as specifically as possible
structure = self.structure_tree.get_structures_by_id([structure_id])[0]
if structure is not None:
if just_acronym:
return structure['acronym']
return structure
def get_colors_from_coordinates(self, p0):
"""
Given a point or a list of points returns a list of colors where
each item is the color of the brain region each point is in
"""
if isinstance(p0[0], (float, int)):
struct = self.get_structure_from_coordinates(p0, just_acronym=False)
if struct is not None:
return struct['rgb_triplet']
else:
return None
else:
structures = [self.get_structure_from_coordinates(p, just_acronym=False) for p in p0]
colors = [struct['rgb_triplet'] if struct is not None else None
for struct in structures]
return colors
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# TRACTOGRAPHY FETCHING #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
def get_projection_tracts_to_target(self, p0=None, **kwargs):
"""
Gets tractography data for all experiments whose projections reach the brain region or location of iterest.
:param p0: list of 3 floats with XYZ coordinates of point to be used as seed (Default value = None)
:param **kwargs:
"""
# check args
if p0 is None:
raise ValueError("Please pass coordinates")
elif isinstance(p0, np.ndarray):
p0 = list(p0)
elif not isinstance(p0, (list, tuple)):
raise ValueError("Invalid argument passed (p0): {}".format(p0))
p0 = [np.int(p) for p in p0]
tract = self.mca.experiment_spatial_search(seed_point=p0, **kwargs)
if isinstance(tract, str):
raise ValueError('Something went wrong with query, query error message:\n{}'.format(tract))
else:
return tract
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# STREAMLINES FETCHING #
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
def download_streamlines_for_region(self, region, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Using the Allen Mouse Connectivity data and corresponding API, this function finds expeirments whose injections
were targeted to the region of interest and downloads the corresponding streamlines data. By default, experiements
are selected for only WT mice and onl when the region was the primary injection target. Look at "ABA.experiments_source_search"
to see how to change this behaviour.
:param region: str with region to use for research
:param *args: arguments for ABA.experiments_source_search
:param **kwargs: arguments for ABA.experiments_source_search
"""
# Get experiments whose injections were targeted to the region
region_experiments = experiments_source_search(self.mca, region, *args, **kwargs)
try:
return download_streamlines(region_experiments.id.values, streamlines_folder=self.streamlines_cache)
except:
print(f"Could not download streamlines for region {region}")
return [], [] # <- there were no experiments in the target region
def download_streamlines_to_region(self, p0, *args, mouse_line = "wt", **kwargs):
"""
Using the Allen Mouse Connectivity data and corresponding API, this function finds injection experiments
which resulted in fluorescence being found in the target point, then downloads the streamlines data.
:param p0: list of floats with XYZ coordinates
:param mouse_line: str with name of the mouse line to use(Default value = "wt")
:param *args:
:param **kwargs:
"""
experiments = pd.DataFrame(self.get_projection_tracts_to_target(p0=p0))
if mouse_line == "wt":
experiments = experiments.loc[experiments["transgenic-line"] == ""]
else:
if not isinstance(mouse_line, list):
experiments = experiments.loc[experiments["transgenic-line"] == mouse_line]
else:
raise NotImplementedError("ops, you've found a bug!. For now you can only pass one mouse line at the time, sorry.")
return download_streamlines(experiments.id.values, streamlines_folder=self.streamlines_cache)
