def __init__(self, system, config):
PVD1Model.__init__(self, system, config)
# --- Determine whether the energy storage is in charging or discharging mode ---
self.LTN = LessThan(self.Ipout_y, 0.0)
# --- Add integrator. Assume that state-of-charge is the initial condition ---
self.pIG = Integrator(
u='-LTN_z1*(v * Ipout_y)*EtaC - LTN_z0*(v * Ipout_y)/EtaD',
T=self.Tf,
K='sys_mva / 3600 / En',
y0=self.SOCinit,
check_init=False,
)
# --- Add hard limiter for SOC ---
self.SOClim = HardLimiter(u=self.pIG_y,
lower=self.SOCmin,
upper=self.SOCmax)
# --- Add Ipmax, Ipmin, and Ipcmd ---
self.Ipmax.v_str = '(1-SOClim_zl)*(SWPQ_s1 * ialim + SWPQ_s0 * sqrt(Ipmaxsq0))'
self.Ipmax.e_str = '(1-SOClim_zl)*(SWPQ_s1 * ialim + SWPQ_s0 * sqrt(Ipmaxsq)) - Ipmax'
self.Ipmin = Algeb(
info='Minimum value of Ip',
v_str=
'-(1-SOClim_zu) * (SWPQ_s1 * ialim + SWPQ_s0 * sqrt(Ipmaxsq0))',
e_str=
'-(1-SOClim_zu) * (SWPQ_s1 * ialim + SWPQ_s0 * sqrt(Ipmaxsq)) - Ipmin',
)
self.Ipcmd.lim.lower = self.Ipmin
self.Ipcmd.y.deps = ['Ipmin']
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'RenGovernor'
self.reg = ExtParam(model='RenExciter', src='reg', indexer=self.ree,
export=False,
)
self.Sn = ExtParam(model='RenGen', src='Sn', indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='S_n', export=False,
)
self.wge = ExtAlgeb(model='RenExciter', src='wg', indexer=self.ree,
export=False,
e_str='-1.0 + s1_y',
ename='wg',
tex_ename=r'\omega_g',
)
self.Pe = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGen', src='Pe', indexer=self.reg, export=False,
info='Retrieved Pe of RenGen')
self.Pe0 = ExtService(model='RenGen', src='Pe', indexer=self.reg, tex_name='P_{e0}',
)
self.H2 = ConstService(v_str='2 * H', tex_name='2H')
self.Pm = Algeb(tex_name='P_m',
info='Mechanical power',
e_str='Pe0 - Pm',
v_str='Pe0',
)
self.wr0 = Algeb(tex_name=r'\omega_{r0}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='w0',
e_str='w0 - wr0',
info='speed set point',
)
# `s1_y` is `w_m`
self.s1 = Integrator(u='(Pm - Pe) / wge - D * (s1_y - wr0)',
T=self.H2,
K=1.0,
y0='wr0',
)
# make two alias states, `wt` and `wg`, pointing to `s1_y`
self.wt = AliasState(self.s1_y, tex_name=r'\omega_t')
self.wg = AliasState(self.s1_y, tex_name=r'\omega_g')
self.s3_y = State(info='Unused state variable',
tex_name='y_{s3}',
)
self.Kshaft = ConstService(v_str='1.0', tex_name='K_{shaft}',
info='Dummy Kshaft',
)
def __init__(self):
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(
self.E1,
self.SE1,
self.E2,
self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
# Input (VR - VFE)
self.INT = Integrator(
u=self.INTin,
T=self.TE,
K=1,
y0=0,
info='V_E, integrator',
)
self.INT.y.v_str = 0.1
self.INT.y.v_iter = 'INT_y * FEX_y - vf0'
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.INT_y,
bound=self.SAT_A,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.Se = Algeb(
tex_name=r"V_{out}*S_e(|V_{out}|)",
info='saturation output',
v_str='Indicator(INT_y > SAT_A) * SAT_B * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2',
e_str='ue * (SL_z0 * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B - Se)',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.VFE = Algeb(
info='Combined saturation feedback',
tex_name='V_{FE}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='INT_y * KE + Se + XadIfd * KD',
e_str='ue * (INT_y * KE + Se + XadIfd * KD - VFE)',
diag_eps=True,
)
def __init__(self, system, config):
PVD1Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.pgen = Algeb(info='Real power output',
v_str='v * Ipout_y',
e_str='v*Ipout_y - pgen',
tex_name='P_{gen}'
)
# --- Add integrator. Assume that state-of-charge is the initial condition ---
self.pIG = Integrator(u=self.pgen, T=self.Tf, K=1.0, y0=self.SOCinit)
# --- Add hard limiter for SOC ---
self.SOC = HardLimiter(u=self.pIG_y, lower=self.SOCmin, upper=self.SOCmax)
# --- Add Ipmax and Ipcmd ---
self.Ipmax.v_str = '(1-SOC_zl)*(SWPQ_s1 * ialim + SWPQ_s0 * sqrt(Ipmaxsq0))'
self.Ipmax.e_str = '(1-SOC_zl)*(SWPQ_s1 * ialim + SWPQ_s0 * sqrt(Ipmaxsq)) - Ipmax'
self.Ipcmd.lim.sign_lower = dummify(-1)
self.Ipcmd.lim.lower = self.Ipmax
def __init__(self, system, config):
PVD1Model.__init__(self, system, config)
# --- Add integrator. Assume that state-of-charge is the initial condition ---
self.pIG = Integrator(
u='v * Ipout_y',
T=self.Tf,
K=1.0,
y0=self.SOCinit,
check_init=False,
)
# --- Add hard limiter for SOC ---
self.SOC = HardLimiter(u=self.pIG_y,
lower=self.SOCmin,
upper=self.SOCmax)
# --- Add Ipmax and Ipcmd ---
self.Ipmax.v_str = '(1-SOC_zl)*(SWPQ_s1 * ialim + SWPQ_s0 * sqrt(Ipmaxsq0))'
self.Ipmax.e_str = '(1-SOC_zl)*(SWPQ_s1 * ialim + SWPQ_s0 * sqrt(Ipmaxsq)) - Ipmax'
self.Ipcmd.lim.sign_lower = dummify(-1)
self.Ipcmd.lim.lower = self.Ipmax
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# Set VRMAX to 999 when VRMAX = 0
self._zVRM = FlagValue(
self.VRMAX,
value=0,
tex_name='z_{VRMAX}',
)
self.VRMAXc = ConstService(
v_str='VRMAX + 999*(1-_zVRM)',
info='Set VRMAX=999 when zero',
)
# Saturation
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(
self.E1,
self.SE1,
self.E2,
self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
self.Se0 = ConstService(
info='Initial saturation output',
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='Indicator(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B * (SAT_A - vf0) ** 2 / vf0',
)
self.vr0 = ConstService(info='Initial vr',
tex_name='V_{r0}',
v_str='(KE + Se0) * vf0')
self.vb0 = ConstService(info='Initial vb',
tex_name='V_{b0}',
v_str='vr0 / KA')
self.vref0 = ConstService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='v + vb0',
)
self.vfe0 = ConstService(
v_str='vf0 * (KE + Se0)',
tex_name='V_{FE0}',
)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0',
e_str='vref0 - vref')
self.LG = Lag(
u=self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Sensing delay',
)
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='-LG_y + vref - vi',
v_str='-v + vref',
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u='vi + WF_y',
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAXc,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info='Anti-windup lag',
)
self.VFE = Algeb(info='Combined saturation feedback',
tex_name='V_{FE}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vfe0',
e_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) - VFE')
self.INT = Integrator(
u='LA_y - VFE',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
y0=self.vf0,
info='Integrator',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout,
bound=self.SAT_A,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.Se = Algeb(
tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)",
info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B / INT_y - Se',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.vout,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='Stablizing circuit feedback')
self.vout.e_str = 'INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'RenGovernor'
self.reg = ExtParam(
model='RenExciter',
src='reg',
indexer=self.ree,
export=False,
)
self.Sn = ExtParam(
model='RenGen',
src='Sn',
indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='S_n',
export=False,
)
self.wge = ExtAlgeb(
model='RenExciter',
src='wg',
indexer=self.ree,
export=False,
e_str='-1.0 + s2_y',
ename='wg',
tex_ename=r'\omega_g',
)
self.Pe = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGen',
src='Pe',
indexer=self.reg,
export=False,
info='Retrieved Pe of RenGen')
self.Pe0 = ExtService(
model='RenGen',
src='Pe',
indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='P_{e0}',
)
self.Ht2 = ConstService(v_str='2 * Ht', tex_name='2H_t')
self.Hg2 = ConstService(v_str='2 * Hg', tex_name='2H_g')
self.wr0 = Algeb(
tex_name=r'\omega_{r0}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='w0',
e_str='w0 - wr0',
info='speed set point',
)
self.Pm = Algeb(
tex_name='P_m',
info='Mechanical power',
e_str='Pe0 - Pm',
v_str='Pe0',
)
# `s1_y` is `wt`
self.s1 = Integrator(
u='(Pm / s1_y) - (Kshaft * s3_y ) - pd',
T=self.Ht2,
K=1.0,
y0='wr0',
)
self.wt = AliasState(self.s1_y, tex_name=r'\omega_t')
# `s2_y` is `wg`
self.s2 = Integrator(
u='-(Pe / s2_y) + (Kshaft * s3_y ) + pd',
T=self.Hg2,
K=1.0,
y0='wr0',
)
self.wg = AliasState(self.s2_y, tex_name=r'\omega_g')
# TODO: `s3_y` needs to be properly reinitialized with the new `wr0`
self.s3 = Integrator(
u='s1_y - s2_y',
T=1.0,
K=1.0,
y0='Pe0 / wr0 / Kshaft',
)
self.pd = Algeb(
tex_name='P_d',
info='Output after damping',
v_str='0.0',
e_str='Dshaft * (s1_y - s2_y) - pd',
)
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# Set VRMAX to 999 when VRMAX = 0
self._zVRM = FlagValue(
self.VRMAX,
value=0,
tex_name='z_{VRMAX}',
)
self.VRMAXc = ConstService(
v_str='VRMAX + 999*(1-_zVRM)',
info='Set VRMAX=999 when zero',
)
self.LG = Lag(
u=self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Transducer delay',
)
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(
self.E1,
self.SE1,
self.E2,
self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
self.Se0 = ConstService(
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B*(SAT_A-vf0) ** 2 / vf0',
)
self.vfe0 = ConstService(
v_str='vf0 * (KE + Se0)',
tex_name='V_{FE0}',
)
self.vref0 = ConstService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='v + vfe0 / KA',
)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0',
e_str='vref0 - vref')
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0 - v',
e_str='(vref - v - WF_y) - vi',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.vi,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag compensator',
zero_out=True,
)
self.UEL = Algeb(info='Interface var for under exc. limiter',
tex_name='U_{EL}',
v_str='0',
e_str='0 - UEL')
self.HG = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL,
u2=self.LL_y,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.VRU = VarService(
v_str='VRMAXc * v',
tex_name='V_T V_{RMAX}',
)
self.VRL = VarService(
v_str='VRMIN * v',
tex_name='V_T V_{RMIN}',
)
# TODO: WARNING: HVGate is temporarily skipped
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRU,
lower=self.VRL,
info='Anti-windup lag',
) # LA_y == VR
# `LessThan` may be causing memory issue in (SL_z0 * vout) - uncertain yet
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout,
bound=self.SAT_A,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.Se = Algeb(
tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)",
info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B / INT_y - Se',
)
self.VFE = Algeb(info='Combined saturation feedback',
tex_name='V_{FE}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vfe0',
e_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) - VFE')
self.INT = Integrator(
u='LA_y - VFE',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
y0=self.vf0,
info='Integrator',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.INT_y,
T=self.TF1,
K=self.KF,
info='Feedback to input')
self.vout.e_str = 'INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
TGBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.VELMn = ConstService(
v_str='-VELM',
tex_name='-VELM',
)
self.tr = ConstService(
v_str='r * Tr',
tex_name='r*Tr',
)
self.gr = ConstService(
v_str='1/r',
tex_name='1/r',
)
self.ratel = ConstService(
v_str='- VELM - gr',
tex_name='rate_l',
)
self.rateu = ConstService(
v_str='VELM - gr',
tex_name='rate_u',
)
self.q0 = ConstService(
v_str='tm0 / At + qNL',
tex_name='q_0',
)
self.pref = Algeb(
info='Reference power input',
tex_name='P_{ref}',
v_str='R * q0',
e_str='R * q0 - pref',
)
self.wd = Algeb(
info='Generator speed deviation',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name=r'\omega_{dev}',
v_str='0',
e_str='ue * (omega - wref) - wd',
)
self.pd = Algeb(
info='Pref plus speed deviation times gain',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name="P_d",
v_str='0',
e_str='ue * (- wd + pref + paux - R * dg) - pd',
)
self.LG = Lag(
u=self.pd,
K=1,
T=self.Tf,
info='filter after speed deviation (e)',
)
self.gtpos = State(info='State in gate position (c)',
unit='rad',
v_str='q0',
tex_name=r'\delta',
e_str='LG_y')
self.dgl = VarService(
tex_name='dg_{lower}',
info='dg lower limit',
v_str='- VELM - gr * LG_y',
)
self.dgu = VarService(
tex_name='dg_{upper}',
info='dg upper limit',
v_str='VELM - gr * LG_y',
)
self.dg_lim = AntiWindupRate(
u=self.gtpos,
lower=self.GMIN,
upper=self.GMAX,
rate_lower=self.dgl,
rate_upper=self.dgu,
tex_name='lim_{dg}',
info='gate velocity and position limiter',
)
self.dg = Algeb(
info='desired gate (c)',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name="dg",
v_str='q0',
e_str='gtpos + gr * LG_y - dg',
)
self.LAG = Lag(
u=self.dg,
K=1,
T=self.Tg,
info='gate opening (g)',
)
self.h = Algeb(
info='turbine head',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name="h",
e_str='q_y**2 / LAG_y**2 - h',
v_str='1',
)
self.q = Integrator(u="1 - q_y**2 / LAG_y**2",
T=self.Tw,
K=1,
y0='q0',
check_init=False,
info="turbine flow (q)")
self.pout.e_str = 'ue * (At * h * (q_y - qNL) - Dt * wd * LAG_y) - pout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.nr_iter = True
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(self.E1, self.SE1, self.E2, self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout, bound=self.SAT_A, equal=False, enable=True, cache=False)
self.Se0 = ConstService(info='Initial saturation output',
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='Indicator(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B * (SAT_A - vf0) ** 2 / vf0',
)
self.IN = Algeb(tex_name='I_N',
info='Input to FEX',
v_str='1',
v_iter='KC * XadIfd - INT_y * IN',
e_str='KC * XadIfd / INT_y - IN',
)
self.FEX = Piecewise(u=self.IN,
points=(0, 0.433, 0.75, 1),
funs=('1', '1 - 0.577*IN', 'sqrt(0.75 - IN ** 2)', '1.732*(1 - IN)', 0),
info='Piecewise function FEX',
)
self.FEX.y.v_iter = '1'
self.FEX.y.v_iter = self.FEX.y.e_str
self.LG = Lag(self.v, T=self.TR, K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
self.vi = Algeb(info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='-v + vref - WF_y - vi',
v_str='-v + vref',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(u=self.vi, T1=self.TC, T2=self.TB,
info='Regulator',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
lower=self.VRMIN,
upper=self.VRMAX,
info='Lag AW on VR',
)
self.INT = Integrator(u='LA_y - VFE',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
y0=0,
info='Integrator',
)
self.INT.y.v_str = 0.1
self.INT.y.v_iter = 'INT_y * FEX_y - vf0'
self.Se = Algeb(tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)", info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B / INT_y - Se',
)
self.VFE = Algeb(info='Combined saturation feedback',
tex_name='V_{FE}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) + XadIfd * KD',
e_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) + XadIfd * KD - VFE'
)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='v + VFE / KA',
e_str='vref0 - vref',
)
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.VFE,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='Stablizing circuit feedback',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'INT_y * FEX_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'RenGovernor'
self.reg = ExtParam(
model='RenExciter',
src='reg',
indexer=self.ree,
vtype=str,
export=False,
)
self.Sn = ExtParam(
model='RenGen',
src='Sn',
indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='S_n',
export=False,
)
self.wge = ExtAlgeb(
model='RenExciter',
src='wg',
indexer=self.ree,
export=False,
e_str='-1.0 + s2_y',
ename='wg',
tex_ename=r'\omega_g',
)
self.Pe = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGen',
src='Pe',
indexer=self.reg,
export=False,
info='Retrieved Pe of RenGen')
self.Pe0 = ExtService(
model='RenGen',
src='Pe',
indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='P_{e0}',
)
self.Ht2 = ConstService(v_str='2 * (Htfrac * H)', tex_name='2H_t')
self.Hg2 = ConstService(v_str='2 * H * (1 - Htfrac)', tex_name='2H_g')
# (2*pi*Freq1)**2 is considered in p.u., which is Freq1**2 here
self.Kshaft = ConstService(v_str='Ht2 * Hg2 * 0.5 * Freq1 * Freq1 / H',
tex_name='K_{shaft}')
self.wr0 = Algeb(
tex_name=r'\omega_{r0}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='w0',
e_str='w0 - wr0',
info='speed set point',
)
self.Pm = Algeb(
tex_name='P_m',
info='Mechanical power',
e_str='Pe0 - Pm',
v_str='Pe0',
)
# `s1_y` is `wt`
self.s1 = Integrator(
u='(Pm / s1_y) - s3_y - pd',
T=self.Ht2,
K=1.0,
y0='wr0',
)
self.wt = AliasState(self.s1_y, tex_name=r'\omega_t')
# `s2_y` is `wg`
self.s2 = Integrator(
u='-(Pe / s2_y) + s3_y - DAMP * (s2_y - w0) + pd',
T=self.Hg2,
K=1.0,
y0='wr0',
)
self.wg = AliasState(self.s2_y, tex_name=r'\omega_g')
# `s3_y` gets reinitialized in `WTTQA1`
self.s3 = Integrator(
u='s1_y - s2_y',
T=1.0,
K=self.Kshaft,
y0='Pe0 / wr0',
)
self.pd = Algeb(
tex_name='P_d',
info='Output after damping',
e_str='Dshaft * (s1_y - s2_y) - pd',
v_str='0',
)