parameters=cg.parameters,
step_rule=Scale(learning_rate=0.1))
train_set = H5PYDataset('mushrooms.hdf5', which_sets=('train',))
train_stream = DataStream.default_stream(
train_set, iteration_scheme=SequentialScheme(
train_set.num_examples, batch_size=128))
test_set = H5PYDataset('mushrooms.hdf5', which_sets=('test',))
test_stream = DataStream.default_stream(
test_set, iteration_scheme=SequentialScheme(
test_set.num_examples, batch_size=128))
main = MainLoop(
model=Model(cost),
data_stream=train_stream,
algorithm=algorithm,
extensions=[
FinishAfter(after_n_epochs=10),
Printing(),
TrainingDataMonitoring([cost, error_rate], after_batch=True, prefix='train'),
DataStreamMonitoring([cost, error_rate], after_batch=True, data_stream=test_stream, prefix='test'),
Plot('Train',
channels=[['train_cost', 'test_cost'], ['train_error_rate', 'test_error_rate']])
])
main.run()
hinton(W1.get_value())
hinton(W2.get_value())
#定义一个多层神经网络，层与层之间的计算公式已经被之前定义。
#激活函数集activations定义了每一层的非线性转换函数，多层感知器每一层的输出都包含了两部分，第一部分是线性计算，然后将线性计算的结果进行非线性转换
#x是多层感知器的输入
mlp = MLP(activations = [Rectifier(),Softmax()], dims = [784, 100, 10]).apply(x)
#定义完整个神经网络的流程后，需要设置其线性转换的参数的初始值。
input_to_hidden.weights_init = IsotropicGaussian(0.01)
input_to_hidden.biases_init = Constant(0);
hidden_to_output.weights_init = IsotropicGaussian(0.01)
hidden_to_output.biases_init = Constant(0)
#对设置进行初始化设置，必须要做这一步，否则之前的设置都没有用
input_to_hidden.initialize()
hidden_to_output.initialize()
print W1.get_value()
#然后开始进行模型训练，这里使用现有的内置的数据集 MNIST，如果想要使用别的数据集，需要使用fuel对数据进行预处理
mnist = MNIST(("train",))
#定义迭代计算的方式，使用mini-batch的方法计算，每一次mini-batch使用1024条数据。以此获得数据流，data_stream
data_stream = Flatten(DataStream.default_stream(mnist, iteration_scheme = SequentialScheme(mnist.num_examples, batch_size = 256)))
#定义优化函数的最优值计算方法，这边使用SGD来做
#algorithm = GradientDescent(cost = cost, parameters = [cg.parameters], step_rule = Scale(learning_rate = 0.01))
algorithm = GradientDescent(cost = cost, parameters = cg.parameters, step_rule = Scale(learning_rate = 0.01)) # define to use gradient dscent to compute
print "------"
#对训练数据的指定参数进行监控,使用DataStreamMonitoring方法,使用test 集合来验证结果。在训练过程中，可以查看算法在test集合的性能表现。
mnist_test = MNIST(("test",))
#data_stream_test = Flatten(DataStream.default_stream(mnist_test, iteration_scheme = SequentialScheme(mnist_test.num_examples, batch_size= 1024)))
batch_size=128))
test_set = H5PYDataset('mushrooms.hdf5', which_sets=('test', ))
test_stream = DataStream.default_stream(test_set,
iteration_scheme=SequentialScheme(
test_set.num_examples,
batch_size=128))
main = MainLoop(model=Model(cost),
data_stream=train_stream,
algorithm=algorithm,
extensions=[
FinishAfter(after_n_epochs=10),
Printing(),
TrainingDataMonitoring([cost, error_rate],
after_batch=True,
prefix='train'),
DataStreamMonitoring([cost, error_rate],
after_batch=True,
data_stream=test_stream,
prefix='test'),
Plot('Train',
channels=[['train_cost', 'test_cost'],
['train_error_rate', 'test_error_rate']])
])
main.run()
hinton(W1.get_value())
hinton(W2.get_value())
def run_experiment():
np.random.seed(42)
X = tensor.tensor4('features')
nbr_channels = 3
image_shape = (5, 5)
conv_layers = [ ConvolutionalLayer( filter_size=(2,2),
num_filters=10,
activation=Rectifier().apply,
border_mode='valid',
pooling_size=(1,1),
weights_init=Uniform(width=0.1),
#biases_init=Uniform(width=0.01),
biases_init=Constant(0.0),
name='conv0')]
conv_sequence = ConvolutionalSequence( conv_layers,
num_channels=nbr_channels,
image_size=image_shape)
#conv_sequence.push_allocation_config()
conv_sequence.initialize()
flattener = Flattener()
conv_output = conv_sequence.apply(X)
y_hat = flattener.apply(conv_output)
# Whatever. Not important since we're not going to actually train anything.
cost = tensor.sqr(y_hat).sum()
#L_grads_method_02 = [tensor.grad(cost, v) for v in VariableFilter(roles=[FILTER, BIAS])(ComputationGraph([y_hat]).variables)]
L_grads_method_02 = [tensor.grad(cost, v) for v in VariableFilter(roles=[BIAS])(ComputationGraph([y_hat]).variables)]
# works on the sum of the gradients in a mini-batch
sum_square_norm_gradients_method_02 = sum([tensor.sqr(g).sum() for g in L_grads_method_02])
D_by_layer = get_conv_layers_transformation_roles(ComputationGraph(conv_output))
individual_sum_square_norm_gradients_method_00 = get_sum_square_norm_gradients_conv_transformations(D_by_layer, cost)
# why does this thing depend on N again ?
# I don't think I've used a cost that divides by N.
N = 2
Xtrain = np.random.randn(N, nbr_channels, image_shape[0], image_shape[1]).astype(np.float32)
#Xtrain[1:,:,:,:] = 0.0
Xtrain[:,:,:,:] = 1.0
convolution_filter_variable = VariableFilter(roles=[FILTER])(ComputationGraph([y_hat]).variables)[0]
convolution_filter_variable_value = convolution_filter_variable.get_value()
convolution_filter_variable_value[:,:,:,:] = 1.0
#convolution_filter_variable_value[0,0,:,:] = 1.0
convolution_filter_variable.set_value(convolution_filter_variable_value)
f = theano.function([X],
[cost,
individual_sum_square_norm_gradients_method_00,
sum_square_norm_gradients_method_02])
[c, v0, gs2] = f(Xtrain)
#print "[c, v0, gs2]"
L_c, L_v0, L_gs2 = ([], [], [])
for n in range(N):
[nc, nv0, ngs2] = f(Xtrain[n,:, :, :].reshape((1, Xtrain.shape[1], Xtrain.shape[2], Xtrain.shape[3])))
L_c.append(nc)
L_v0.append(nv0)
L_gs2.append(ngs2)
print "Cost for whole mini-batch in single shot : %f." % c
print "Cost for whole mini-batch accumulated : %f." % sum(L_c)
print ""
print "Square-norm of all gradients for each data point in single shot :"
print v0.reshape((1,-1))
print "Square-norm of all gradients for each data point iteratively :"
print np.array(L_gs2).reshape((1,-1))
print ""
print "Difference max abs : %f." % np.max(np.abs(v0 - np.array(L_gs2)))
print ""
print "Ratios : "
print np.array(L_gs2).reshape((1,-1)) / v0.reshape((1,-1))
def run_experiment():
np.random.seed(42)
X = tensor.tensor4('features')
nbr_channels = 3
image_shape = (5, 5)
conv_layers = [
ConvolutionalLayer(
filter_size=(2, 2),
num_filters=10,
activation=Rectifier().apply,
border_mode='valid',
pooling_size=(1, 1),
weights_init=Uniform(width=0.1),
#biases_init=Uniform(width=0.01),
biases_init=Constant(0.0),
name='conv0')
]
conv_sequence = ConvolutionalSequence(conv_layers,
num_channels=nbr_channels,
image_size=image_shape)
#conv_sequence.push_allocation_config()
conv_sequence.initialize()
flattener = Flattener()
conv_output = conv_sequence.apply(X)
y_hat = flattener.apply(conv_output)
# Whatever. Not important since we're not going to actually train anything.
cost = tensor.sqr(y_hat).sum()
#L_grads_method_02 = [tensor.grad(cost, v) for v in VariableFilter(roles=[FILTER, BIAS])(ComputationGraph([y_hat]).variables)]
L_grads_method_02 = [
tensor.grad(cost, v) for v in VariableFilter(
roles=[BIAS])(ComputationGraph([y_hat]).variables)
]
# works on the sum of the gradients in a mini-batch
sum_square_norm_gradients_method_02 = sum(
[tensor.sqr(g).sum() for g in L_grads_method_02])
D_by_layer = get_conv_layers_transformation_roles(
ComputationGraph(conv_output))
individual_sum_square_norm_gradients_method_00 = get_sum_square_norm_gradients_conv_transformations(
D_by_layer, cost)
# why does this thing depend on N again ?
# I don't think I've used a cost that divides by N.
N = 2
Xtrain = np.random.randn(N, nbr_channels, image_shape[0],
image_shape[1]).astype(np.float32)
#Xtrain[1:,:,:,:] = 0.0
Xtrain[:, :, :, :] = 1.0
convolution_filter_variable = VariableFilter(roles=[FILTER])(
ComputationGraph([y_hat]).variables)[0]
convolution_filter_variable_value = convolution_filter_variable.get_value()
convolution_filter_variable_value[:, :, :, :] = 1.0
#convolution_filter_variable_value[0,0,:,:] = 1.0
convolution_filter_variable.set_value(convolution_filter_variable_value)
f = theano.function([X], [
cost, individual_sum_square_norm_gradients_method_00,
sum_square_norm_gradients_method_02
])
[c, v0, gs2] = f(Xtrain)
#print "[c, v0, gs2]"
L_c, L_v0, L_gs2 = ([], [], [])
for n in range(N):
[nc, nv0, ngs2] = f(Xtrain[n, :, :, :].reshape(
(1, Xtrain.shape[1], Xtrain.shape[2], Xtrain.shape[3])))
L_c.append(nc)
L_v0.append(nv0)
L_gs2.append(ngs2)
print "Cost for whole mini-batch in single shot : %f." % c
print "Cost for whole mini-batch accumulated : %f." % sum(L_c)
print ""
print "Square-norm of all gradients for each data point in single shot :"
print v0.reshape((1, -1))
print "Square-norm of all gradients for each data point iteratively :"
print np.array(L_gs2).reshape((1, -1))
print ""
print "Difference max abs : %f." % np.max(np.abs(v0 - np.array(L_gs2)))
print ""
print "Ratios : "
print np.array(L_gs2).reshape((1, -1)) / v0.reshape((1, -1))
def train(train_set, test_set):
x = tensor.matrix('features')
y = tensor.lmatrix('targets')
l1 = Linear(
name='input_to_hidden',
input_dim=2,
output_dim=3,
weights_init=IsotropicGaussian(0.1),
biases_init=Constant(0)
)
l1.initialize()
h = Logistic().apply(l1.apply(x))
l2 = Linear(
name='hidden_to_output',
input_dim=l1.output_dim,
output_dim=2,
weights_init=IsotropicGaussian(0.1),
biases_init=Constant(0)
)
l2.initialize()
y_hat = Softmax().apply(l2.apply(h))
cost = CategoricalCrossEntropy().apply(y.flatten(), y_hat)
error = MisclassificationRate().apply(y.flatten(), y_hat)
error.name = 'misclassification_rate'
cg = ComputationGraph(cost)
W1, W2 = VariableFilter(roles=[WEIGHT])(cg.variables)
cost = cost + 1e-8 * (W1 ** 2).sum() + 1e-8 * (W2 ** 2).sum()
cost.name = 'cost_with_regularization'
print('W1', W1.get_value())
print('W2', W2.get_value())
algorithm = GradientDescent(
cost=cost,
parameters=cg.parameters,
step_rule=RMSProp()
)
data_stream_train = Flatten(
DataStream.default_stream(
train_set,
iteration_scheme=ShuffledScheme(train_set.num_examples, batch_size=4)
)
)
data_stream_test = Flatten(
DataStream.default_stream(
test_set,
iteration_scheme=SequentialScheme(test_set.num_examples, batch_size=1)
)
)
monitor = DataStreamMonitoring(
variables=[cost, error],
data_stream=data_stream_test,
prefix="test"
)
main_loop = MainLoop(
data_stream=data_stream_train,
algorithm=algorithm,
extensions=[
monitor,
FinishAfter(after_n_epochs=100),
Printing(),
# ProgressBar()
]
)
main_loop.run()