コード例 #1
0
class KeggDatabase(object):
    """ Base class for managing a KEGG flat file database. """
    def __init__(self, filename):
        """ Initialize object.

        Parameters
        ----------
        filename : str
            Path to database file
        """

        self.filename = filename
        self.records = DictList()
        return

    def get_record(self, handle):
        """ Get a record from a database file.
        
        Parameters
        ----------
        handle : file handle
            File handle of database file

        Returns
        -------
        list of str
             List of lines in record
        """

        record = list()
        for line in handle:
            record.append(line.strip('\n'))
            if line[:3] == '///':
                yield record
                record = list()
                continue

    def store(self, file_name=None):
        """ Save the database to a flat file.

        Parameters
        ----------
        file_name : str, optional
            Path to database file
        """

        if file_name is None:
            file_name = self.filename

        # Convert all of the record objects to flat file database records and write to the file.
        self.records.sort()
        with open(file_name, 'w') as handle:
            for index in range(len(self.records)):
                for line in self.records[index].make_record():
                    handle.write(line + '\n')
        return

    def update(self, new_object):
        """ Update a record in the database (add new or replace existing record).

        Parameters
        ----------
        new_object : object
            Record object to add or replace
        """

        # Replace the current object if it already exists in the database.
        if self.records.has_id(new_object.id):
            self.records._replace_on_id(new_object)
            return

        # Add the new object to the database.
        self.records += [new_object]
        return

    def size(self):
        """ Get the number of records in the database.

        Returns
        -------
        int
            Number of records in database
        """

        return len(self.records)

    def has_id(self, id):
        """ Check if an ID exists in the database.

        Parameters
        ----------
        id : str
            ID to check

        Returns
        -------
        bool
            True when ID exists, otherwise False
        """

        return self.records.has_id(id)

    def get_by_id(self, id):
        """ Get an record with the specified ID.

        Parameters
        ----------
        id : str
            ID of record to return

        Returns
        -------
        object
            Object with specified ID
        """

        return self.records.get_by_id(id)
コード例 #2
0
ファイル: structprop.py プロジェクト: sid-dinesh94/ssbio
class StructProp(Object):

    """Generic class to represent information for a protein structure.

    The main utilities of this class are to:

    * Provide access to the 3D coordinates using a Biopython Structure object through the method ``parse_structure``.
    * Run predictions and computations on the structure
    * Analyze specific chains using the ``mapped_chains`` attribute
    * Provide wrapper methods to ``nglview`` to view the structure in a Jupyter notebook

    Args:
        ident (str): Unique identifier for this structure
        description (str): Optional human-readable description
        chains (str, list): Chain ID or list of IDs
        mapped_chains (str, list): A chain ID or IDs to indicate what chains should be analyzed
        is_experimental (bool): Flag to indicate if structure is an experimental or computational model
        structure_path (str): Path to structure file
        file_type (str): Type of structure file - ``pdb``, ``pdb.gz``, ``mmcif``, ``cif``, ``cif.gz``,
            ``xml.gz``, ``mmtf``, ``mmtf.gz``

    """

    def __init__(self, ident, description=None, chains=None, mapped_chains=None,
                 is_experimental=False, structure_path=None, file_type=None):
        Object.__init__(self, id=ident, description=description)

        self.is_experimental = is_experimental
        """bool: Flag to note if this structure is an experimental model or a homology model"""

        # Chain information
        # chains is a DictList of ChainProp objects
        # If you run self.parse_structure(), all chains will be parsed and stored here
        # Use mapped_chains below to keep track of chains you are interested in
        self.chains = DictList()
        """DictList: A DictList of chains have their sequence stored in them, along with residue-specific"""
        if chains:
            self.add_chain_ids(chains)
        # mapped_chains is an ordered list of mapped chain IDs which would come from BLAST or the best_structures API
        self.mapped_chains = []
        """list: A simple list of chain IDs (strings) that will be used to subset analyses"""
        if mapped_chains:
            self.add_mapped_chain_ids(mapped_chains)

        self.parsed = False
        """bool: Simple flag to track if this structure has had its structure + chain sequences parsed"""
        # XTODO: rename to sequence_parsed or something similar

        # File information
        self.file_type = file_type
        """str: Type of structure file"""
        self._structure_dir = None
        self.structure_file = None
        """str: Name of the structure file"""
        if structure_path:
            self.load_structure_path(structure_path, file_type)

        self.structure = None
        """Structure: Biopython Structure object, only used if ``store_in_memory`` option of ``parse_structure`` is set to True"""

    @property
    def structure_dir(self):
        if not self._structure_dir:
            raise OSError('No structure folder set')
        return self._structure_dir

    @structure_dir.setter
    def structure_dir(self, path):
        if path and not op.exists(path):
            raise OSError('{}: folder does not exist'.format(path))

        self._structure_dir = path

    @property
    def structure_path(self):
        if not self.structure_file:
            raise OSError('{}: structure file not available'.format(self.id))

        path = op.join(self.structure_dir, self.structure_file)
        if not op.exists(path):
            raise ValueError('{}: file does not exist'.format(path))
        return path

    def load_structure_path(self, structure_path, file_type):
        """Load a structure file and provide pointers to its location

        Args:
            structure_path (str): Path to structure file
            file_type (str): Type of structure file

        """

        if not file_type:
            raise ValueError('File type must be specified')

        self.file_type = file_type
        self.structure_dir = op.dirname(structure_path)
        self.structure_file = op.basename(structure_path)

    def parse_structure(self, store_in_memory=False):
        """Read the 3D coordinates of a structure file and return it as a Biopython Structure object.
        Also create ChainProp objects in the chains attribute for each chain in the first model.

        Args:
            store_in_memory (bool): If the Biopython Structure object should be stored in the attribute ``structure``.

        Returns:
            Structure: Biopython Structure object

        """
        # TODO: perhaps add option to parse into ProDy object?
        if not self.structure_file:
            log.error('{}: no structure file, unable to parse'.format(self.id))
            return None
        else:
            # Add Biopython structure object
            structure = StructureIO(self.structure_path, self.file_type)

            # Add all chains to self.chains as ChainProp objects
            structure_chains = [x.id for x in structure.first_model.child_list]
            self.add_chain_ids(structure_chains)
            self.get_structure_seqs(structure.first_model)

            # Also add all chains to self.mapped_chains ONLY if there are none specified
            if not self.mapped_chains:
                self.add_mapped_chain_ids(structure_chains)

            self.parsed = True

            if store_in_memory:
                self.structure = structure

            return structure

    def clean_structure(self, out_suffix='_clean', outdir=None, force_rerun=False,
                        remove_atom_alt=True, keep_atom_alt_id='A',remove_atom_hydrogen=True,  add_atom_occ=True,
                        remove_res_hetero=True, keep_chemicals=None, keep_res_only=None,
                        add_chain_id_if_empty='X', keep_chains=None):
        """Clean the structure file associated with this structure, and save it as a new file. Returns the file path.

        Args:
            out_suffix (str): Suffix to append to original filename
            outdir (str): Path to output directory
            force_rerun (bool): If structure should be re-cleaned if a clean file exists already
            remove_atom_alt (bool): Remove alternate positions
            keep_atom_alt_id (str): If removing alternate positions, which alternate ID to keep
            remove_atom_hydrogen (bool): Remove hydrogen atoms
            add_atom_occ (bool): Add atom occupancy fields if not present
            remove_res_hetero (bool): Remove all HETATMs
            keep_chemicals (str, list): If removing HETATMs, keep specified chemical names
            keep_res_only (str, list): Keep ONLY specified resnames, deletes everything else!
            add_chain_id_if_empty (str): Add a chain ID if not present
            keep_chains (str, list): Keep only these chains

        Returns:
            str: Path to cleaned PDB file

        """

        if not self.structure_file:
            log.error('{}: no structure file, unable to clean'.format(self.id))
            return None

        clean_pdb_file = ssbio.protein.structure.utils.cleanpdb.clean_pdb(self.structure_path, out_suffix=out_suffix,
                                                                          outdir=outdir, force_rerun=force_rerun,
                                                                          remove_atom_alt=remove_atom_alt,
                                                                          remove_atom_hydrogen=remove_atom_hydrogen,
                                                                          keep_atom_alt_id=keep_atom_alt_id,
                                                                          add_atom_occ=add_atom_occ,
                                                                          remove_res_hetero=remove_res_hetero,
                                                                          keep_chemicals=keep_chemicals,
                                                                          keep_res_only=keep_res_only,
                                                                          add_chain_id_if_empty=add_chain_id_if_empty,
                                                                          keep_chains=keep_chains)

        return clean_pdb_file

    def add_mapped_chain_ids(self, mapped_chains):
        """Add chains by ID into the mapped_chains attribute

        Args:
            mapped_chains (str, list): Chain ID or list of IDs

        """
        mapped_chains = ssbio.utils.force_list(mapped_chains)

        for c in mapped_chains:
            if c not in self.mapped_chains:
                self.mapped_chains.append(c)
                log.debug('{}: added to list of mapped chains'.format(c))
            else:
                log.debug('{}: chain already in list of mapped chains, not adding'.format(c))

    def add_chain_ids(self, chains):
        """Add chains by ID into the chains attribute

        Args:
            chains (str, list): Chain ID or list of IDs

        """
        chains = ssbio.utils.force_list(chains)

        for c in chains:
            if self.chains.has_id(c):
                log.debug('{}: chain already present'.format(c))
            else:
                chain_prop = ChainProp(ident=c, pdb_parent=self.id)
                self.chains.append(chain_prop)
                log.debug('{}: added to chains list'.format(c))

    def get_structure_seqs(self, model):
        """Gather chain sequences and store in their corresponding ``ChainProp`` objects in the ``chains`` attribute.

        Args:
            model (Model): Biopython Model object of the structure you would like to parse

        """

        # Don't overwrite existing ChainProp objects
        dont_overwrite = []
        chains = list(model.get_chains())
        for x in chains:
            if self.chains.has_id(x.id):
                if self.chains.get_by_id(x.id).seq_record:
                    dont_overwrite.append(x.id)
        if len(dont_overwrite) == len(chains):
            log.debug('Not writing structure sequences, already stored')
            return

        # Returns the structures sequences with Xs added
        structure_seqs = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.residues.get_structure_seqrecords(model)
        log.debug('{}: gathered chain sequences'.format(self.id))

        # Associate with ChainProps
        for seq_record in structure_seqs:
            log.debug('{}: adding chain sequence to ChainProp'.format(seq_record.id))
            my_chain = self.chains.get_by_id(seq_record.id)
            my_chain.seq_record = seq_record

    def reset_chain_seq_records(self):
        for x in self.chains:
            x.reset_seq_record()

    def get_dict_with_chain(self, chain, only_keys=None, chain_keys=None, exclude_attributes=None, df_format=False):
        """get_dict method which incorporates attributes found in a specific chain. Does not overwrite any attributes
        in the original StructProp.

        Args:
            chain:
            only_keys:
            chain_keys:
            exclude_attributes:
            df_format:

        Returns:
            dict: attributes of StructProp + the chain specified

        """

        # Choose attributes to return, return everything in the object if a list is not specified
        if not only_keys:
            keys = list(self.__dict__.keys())
        else:
            keys = ssbio.utils.force_list(only_keys)

        # Remove keys you don't want returned
        if exclude_attributes:
            exclude_attributes = ssbio.utils.force_list(exclude_attributes)
            for x in exclude_attributes:
                if x in keys:
                    keys.remove(x)
        else:
            exclude_attributes = []

        exclude_attributes.extend(['mapped_chains', 'chains'])

        final_dict = {k: v for k, v in Object.get_dict(self, only_attributes=keys, exclude_attributes=exclude_attributes,
                                                       df_format=df_format).items()}

        chain_prop = self.chains.get_by_id(chain)
        # Filter out keys that show up in StructProp
        if not chain_keys:
            chain_keys = [x for x in chain_prop.get_dict().keys() if x not in final_dict]

        chain_dict = chain_prop.get_dict(only_attributes=chain_keys, df_format=df_format)
        final_dict.update(chain_dict)

        return final_dict

    def find_disulfide_bridges(self, threshold=3.0):
        """Run Biopython's search_ss_bonds to find potential disulfide bridges for each chain and store in ChainProp.

        Will add a list of tuple pairs into the annotations field, looks like this::

            [ ((' ', 79, ' '), (' ', 110, ' ')),
              ((' ', 174, ' '), (' ', 180, ' ')),
              ((' ', 369, ' '), (' ', 377, ' '))]

        Where each pair is a pair of cysteine residues close together in space.

        """

        if self.structure:
            parsed = self.structure
        else:
            parsed = self.parse_structure()

        if not parsed:
            log.error('{}: unable to open structure to find S-S bridges'.format(self.id))
            return

        disulfide_bridges = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.residues.search_ss_bonds(parsed.first_model,
                                                                                        threshold=threshold)
        if not disulfide_bridges:
            log.debug('{}: no disulfide bridges found'.format(self.id))

        for chain, bridges in disulfide_bridges.items():
            self.chains.get_by_id(chain).seq_record.annotations['SSBOND-biopython'] = disulfide_bridges[chain]
            log.debug('{}: found {} disulfide bridges'.format(chain, len(bridges)))
            log.debug('{}: stored disulfide bridges in the chain\'s seq_record letter_annotations'.format(chain))

    def get_dssp_annotations(self, outdir, force_rerun=False):
        """Run DSSP on this structure and store the DSSP annotations in the corresponding ChainProp SeqRecords

        Calculations are stored in the ChainProp's ``letter_annotations`` at the following keys:

            * ``SS-dssp``
            * ``RSA-dssp``
            * ``ASA-dssp``
            * ``PHI-dssp``
            * ``PSI-dssp``

        Args:
            outdir (str): Path to where DSSP dataframe will be stored.
            force_rerun (bool): If DSSP results should be recalculated

        TODO:
            * Also parse global properties, like total accessible surface area. Don't think Biopython parses those?

        """
        if self.structure:
            parsed = self.structure
        else:
            parsed = self.parse_structure()

        if not parsed:
            log.error('{}: unable to open structure to run DSSP'.format(self.id))
            return

        log.debug('{}: running DSSP'.format(self.id))
        dssp_results = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.dssp.get_dssp_df(model=parsed.first_model,
                                                                           pdb_file=self.structure_path,
                                                                           outdir=outdir,
                                                                           force_rerun=force_rerun)

        if dssp_results.empty:
            log.error('{}: unable to run DSSP'.format(self.id))
            return

        chains = dssp_results.chain.unique()
        dssp_summary = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.dssp.secondary_structure_summary(dssp_results)

        for chain in chains:
            ss = dssp_results[dssp_results.chain == chain].ss.tolist()
            exposure_rsa = dssp_results[dssp_results.chain == chain].exposure_rsa.tolist()
            exposure_asa = dssp_results[dssp_results.chain == chain].exposure_asa.tolist()
            phi = dssp_results[dssp_results.chain == chain].phi.tolist()
            psi = dssp_results[dssp_results.chain == chain].psi.tolist()

            chain_prop = self.chains.get_by_id(chain)
            chain_seq = chain_prop.seq_record

            # Making sure the X's are filled in
            ss = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.residues.match_structure_sequence(orig_seq=chain_seq,
                                                                                      new_seq=ss,
                                                                                      fill_with='-')
            exposure_rsa = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.residues.match_structure_sequence(orig_seq=chain_seq,
                                                                                                new_seq=exposure_rsa,
                                                                                                fill_with=float('Inf'))
            exposure_asa = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.residues.match_structure_sequence(orig_seq=chain_seq,
                                                                                                new_seq=exposure_asa,
                                                                                                fill_with=float('Inf'))
            phi = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.residues.match_structure_sequence(orig_seq=chain_seq,
                                                                                       new_seq=phi,
                                                                                       fill_with=float('Inf'))
            psi = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.residues.match_structure_sequence(orig_seq=chain_seq,
                                                                                       new_seq=psi,
                                                                                       fill_with=float('Inf'))

            chain_prop.seq_record.annotations.update(dssp_summary[chain])

            chain_prop.seq_record.letter_annotations['SS-dssp'] = ss
            chain_prop.seq_record.letter_annotations['RSA-dssp'] = exposure_rsa
            chain_prop.seq_record.letter_annotations['ASA-dssp'] = exposure_asa
            chain_prop.seq_record.letter_annotations['PHI-dssp'] = phi
            chain_prop.seq_record.letter_annotations['PSI-dssp'] = psi
            log.debug('{}: stored DSSP annotations in chain seq_record letter_annotations'.format(chain))

    def get_msms_annotations(self, outdir, force_rerun=False):
        """Run MSMS on this structure and store the residue depths/ca depths in the corresponding ChainProp SeqRecords
        """
        # Now can run on Biopython Model objects exclusively thanks to Biopython updates
        # if self.file_type != 'pdb':
        #     raise ValueError('{}: unable to run MSMS with "{}" file type. Please change file type to "pdb"'.format(self.id,
        #                                                                                                     self.file_type))

        if self.structure:
            parsed = self.structure
        else:
            parsed = self.parse_structure()

        if not parsed:
            log.error('{}: unable to open structure to run MSMS'.format(self.id))
            return

        log.debug('{}: running MSMS'.format(self.id))
        # PDB ID is currently set to the structure file so the output name is the same with _msms.df appended to it
        msms_results = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.msms.get_msms_df(model=parsed.first_model, pdb_id=self.structure_path,
                                                                           outdir=outdir, force_rerun=force_rerun)
        if msms_results.empty:
            log.error('{}: unable to run MSMS'.format(self.id))
            return

        chains = msms_results.chain.unique()

        for chain in chains:
            res_depths = msms_results[msms_results.chain == chain].res_depth.tolist()
            ca_depths = msms_results[msms_results.chain == chain].ca_depth.tolist()

            chain_prop = self.chains.get_by_id(chain)
            chain_seq = chain_prop.seq_record

            # Making sure the X's are filled in
            res_depths = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.residues.match_structure_sequence(orig_seq=chain_seq,
                                                                                              new_seq=res_depths,
                                                                                              fill_with=float('Inf'))

            ca_depths = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.residues.match_structure_sequence(orig_seq=chain_seq,
                                                                                             new_seq=ca_depths,
                                                                                             fill_with=float('Inf'))

            chain_prop.seq_record.letter_annotations['RES_DEPTH-msms'] = res_depths
            chain_prop.seq_record.letter_annotations['CA_DEPTH-msms'] = ca_depths
            log.debug('{}: stored residue depths in chain seq_record letter_annotations'.format(chain))

    def get_freesasa_annotations(self, outdir, include_hetatms=False, force_rerun=False):
        """Run ``freesasa`` on this structure and store the calculated properties in the corresponding ChainProps
        """
        if self.file_type != 'pdb':
            log.error('{}: unable to run freesasa with "{}" file type. Please change file type to "pdb"'.format(self.id,
                                                                                                                self.file_type))
            return

        # Parse the structure to store chain sequences
        if self.structure:
            parsed = self.structure
        else:
            parsed = self.parse_structure()

        if not parsed:
            log.error('{}: unable to open structure to run freesasa'.format(self.id))
            return

        # Set outfile name
        log.debug('{}: running freesasa'.format(self.id))
        if include_hetatms:
            outfile = '{}.freesasa_het.rsa'.format(self.id)
        else:
            outfile = '{}.freesasa_nohet.rsa'.format(self.id)

        # Run freesasa
        result = fs.run_freesasa(infile=self.structure_path,
                                 outfile=outfile,
                                 include_hetatms=include_hetatms,
                                 outdir=outdir,
                                 force_rerun=force_rerun)

        # Parse results
        result_parsed = fs.parse_rsa_data(result)
        prop_dict = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(list))
        for k, v in result_parsed.items():
            chain = k[0]
            for prop, calc in v.items():
                prop_dict[chain][prop].append(calc)

        # Reorganize and store results
        all_props = ['all_atoms_abs', 'all_atoms_rel', 'side_chain_abs', 'side_chain_rel', 'main_chain_abs',
                     'main_chain_rel', 'non_polar_abs', 'non_polar_rel', 'all_polar_abs', 'all_polar_rel']
        all_props_renamed = {'all_atoms_abs' : 'ASA_ALL-freesasa',
                             'all_atoms_rel' : 'RSA_ALL-freesasa',
                             'all_polar_abs' : 'ASA_POLAR-freesasa',
                             'all_polar_rel' : 'RSA_POLAR-freesasa',
                             'main_chain_abs': 'ASA_BACKBONE-freesasa',
                             'main_chain_rel': 'RSA_BACKBONE-freesasa',
                             'non_polar_abs' : 'ASA_NONPOLAR-freesasa',
                             'non_polar_rel' : 'RSA_NONPOLAR-freesasa',
                             'side_chain_abs': 'ASA_RESIDUE-freesasa',
                             'side_chain_rel': 'RSA_RESIDUE-freesasa'}

        ## Rename dictionary keys based on if HETATMs were included
        if include_hetatms:
            suffix = '_het'
        else:
            suffix = '_nohet'

        for k, v in all_props_renamed.items():
            all_props_renamed[k] = v + suffix

        for chain in self.chains:
            for prop in all_props:
                prop_list = ssbio.protein.structure.properties.residues.match_structure_sequence(orig_seq=chain.seq_record,
                                                                                                 new_seq=prop_dict[chain.id][prop],
                                                                                                 fill_with=float('Inf'),
                                                                                                 ignore_excess=True)
                chain.seq_record.letter_annotations[all_props_renamed[prop]] = prop_list
            log.debug('{}: stored freesasa calculations in chain seq_record letter_annotations'.format(chain))

    def view_structure(self, only_chains=None, opacity=1.0, recolor=False, gui=False):
        """Use NGLviewer to display a structure in a Jupyter notebook

        Args:
            only_chains (str, list): Chain ID or IDs to display
            opacity (float): Opacity of the structure
            recolor (bool): If structure should be cleaned and recolored to silver
            gui (bool): If the NGLview GUI should show up

        Returns:
            NGLviewer object

        """
        # TODO: show_structure_file does not work for MMTF files - need to check for that and load accordingly

        if ssbio.utils.is_ipynb():
            import nglview as nv
        else:
            raise EnvironmentError('Unable to display structure - not running in a Jupyter notebook environment')

        if not self.structure_file:
            raise ValueError("Structure file not loaded")

        only_chains = ssbio.utils.force_list(only_chains)
        to_show_chains = '( '
        for c in only_chains:
            to_show_chains += ':{} or'.format(c)
        to_show_chains = to_show_chains.strip(' or ')
        to_show_chains += ' )'

        if self.file_type == 'mmtf' or self.file_type == 'mmtf.gz':
            view = nv.NGLWidget()
            view.add_component(self.structure_path)
        else:
            view = nv.show_structure_file(self.structure_path, gui=gui)

        if recolor:
            view.clear_representations()
            if only_chains:
                view.add_cartoon(selection='{} and (not hydrogen)'.format(to_show_chains), color='silver', opacity=opacity)
            else:
                view.add_cartoon(selection='protein', color='silver', opacity=opacity)
        elif only_chains:
            view.clear_representations()
            view.add_cartoon(selection='{} and (not hydrogen)'.format(to_show_chains), color='silver', opacity=opacity)

        return view

    def add_residues_highlight_to_nglview(self, view, structure_resnums, chain=None, res_color='red'):
        """Add a residue number or numbers to an NGLWidget view object.

        Args:
            view (NGLWidget): NGLWidget view object
            structure_resnums (int, list): Residue number(s) to highlight, structure numbering
            chain (str, list): Chain ID or IDs of which residues are a part of. If not provided, all chains in the
                mapped_chains attribute will be used. If that is also empty, and exception is raised.
            res_color (str): Color to highlight residues with

        """
        if not chain:
            chain = self.mapped_chains
            if not chain:
                raise ValueError('Please input chain ID to display residue on')

        if isinstance(structure_resnums, list):
            structure_resnums = list(set(structure_resnums))
        elif isinstance(structure_resnums, int):
            structure_resnums = ssbio.utils.force_list(structure_resnums)
        else:
            raise ValueError('Input must either be a residue number of a list of residue numbers')

        to_show_chains = '( '
        for c in chain:
            to_show_chains += ':{} or'.format(c)
        to_show_chains = to_show_chains.strip(' or ')
        to_show_chains += ' )'

        to_show_res = '( '
        for m in structure_resnums:
            to_show_res += '{} or '.format(m)
        to_show_res = to_show_res.strip(' or ')
        to_show_res += ' )'

        log.info('Selection: {} and not hydrogen and {}'.format(to_show_chains, to_show_res))

        view.add_ball_and_stick(selection='{} and not hydrogen and {}'.format(to_show_chains, to_show_res), color=res_color)

    def add_scaled_residues_highlight_to_nglview(self, view, structure_resnums, chain=None, color='red',
                                                 unique_colors=False, opacity_range=(0.5,1), scale_range=(.7, 10)):
        """Add a list of residue numbers (which may contain repeating residues) to a view, or add a dictionary of
            residue numbers to counts. Size and opacity of added residues are scaled by counts.

        Args:
            view (NGLWidget): NGLWidget view object
            structure_resnums (int, list, dict): Residue number(s) to highlight, or a dictionary of residue number to
                frequency count
            chain (str, list): Chain ID or IDs of which residues are a part of. If not provided, all chains in the
                mapped_chains attribute will be used. If that is also empty, and exception is raised.
            color (str): Color to highlight residues with
            unique_colors (bool): If each mutation should be colored uniquely (will override color argument)
            opacity_range (tuple): Min/max opacity values (residues that have higher frequency counts will be opaque)
            scale_range (tuple): Min/max size values (residues that have higher frequency counts will be bigger)

        """
        # TODO: likely to move these functions to a separate nglview/utils folder since they are not coupled to the structure
        # TODO: add color by letter_annotations!
        if not chain:
            chain = self.mapped_chains
            if not chain:
                raise ValueError('Please input chain ID to display residue on')
        else:
            chain = ssbio.utils.force_list(chain)

        if isinstance(structure_resnums, dict):
            opacity_dict = ssbio.utils.scale_calculator(opacity_range[0], structure_resnums, rescale=opacity_range)
            scale_dict = ssbio.utils.scale_calculator(scale_range[0], structure_resnums, rescale=scale_range)
        else:
            opacity_dict = {x: max(opacity_range) for x in ssbio.utils.force_list(structure_resnums)}
            scale_dict = {x: max(scale_range) for x in ssbio.utils.force_list(structure_resnums)}

        if isinstance(structure_resnums, list):
            structure_resnums = list(set(structure_resnums))
        elif isinstance(structure_resnums, dict):
            structure_resnums = list(structure_resnums.keys())
        elif isinstance(structure_resnums, int):
            structure_resnums = ssbio.utils.force_list(structure_resnums)
        else:
            raise ValueError('Input must either be a list of residue numbers or a dictionary of residue numbers '
                             'and their frequency.')

        colors = sns.color_palette("hls", len(structure_resnums)).as_hex()

        to_show_chains = '( '
        for c in chain:
            to_show_chains += ':{} or'.format(c)
        to_show_chains = to_show_chains.strip(' or ')
        to_show_chains += ' )'

        for i, x in enumerate(structure_resnums):
            if isinstance(x, tuple):
                to_show_res = '( '
                for mut in x:
                    to_show_res += '{} or '.format(mut)
                to_show_res = to_show_res.strip(' or ')
                to_show_res += ' )'
            else:
                to_show_res = x

            log.info('Selection: {} and not hydrogen and {}'.format(to_show_chains, to_show_res))

            if unique_colors:
                view.add_ball_and_stick(selection='{} and not hydrogen and {}'.format(to_show_chains, to_show_res),
                                        color=colors[i], opacity=opacity_dict[x], scale=scale_dict[x])
            else:
                view.add_ball_and_stick(selection='{} and not hydrogen and {}'.format(to_show_chains, to_show_res),
                                        color=color, opacity=opacity_dict[x], scale=scale_dict[x])

    def __json_decode__(self, **attrs):
        for k, v in attrs.items():
            if k == 'chains':
                setattr(self, k, DictList(v))
            else:
                setattr(self, k, v)