def __init__(self,
identifier='1.4301',
latex=None,
comment='X5CrNi18-10, AISI 304'):
super().__init__(identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
self.T.ref = C2K(20)
self.T_sol = C2K(1400)
self.E.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 200e+9
self.beta.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 17.5e-6
self.c_p.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 500.
self.k.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 15.
self.rho.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 7900.
def __init__(self, identifier='Fe', latex=None, comment=None):
"""
Args:
identifier (string, optional):
identifier of matter
latex (string, optional):
Latex-version of identifier. If None, identifier is assigned
comment (string, optional):
comment on matter
Reference:
- Heat capacity c_p^* = 41.8 [J/(mol K)] for pure iron in
T-range 1809..1873 K, data from:
Kubaschewski,O., Alcock,C.B.: Metallurgical thermochemistry
(5th Edn.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979, p.336, in: [IIDA93]
- Atomic weight of pure iron: M = 55.85 kg/kmol
- Mass-specific heat capacity of Fe:
c_p =c_p^* / M = 41.8 * (1000 / 55.85) = 748.4 [J/(kg K)]
"""
# calls firstly: Solid.__init__() and secondly: Liquid.__init__()
super().__init__(identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
self.version = '110118_dww'
self.T.ref = C2K(20)
self.nu_mech = None
self.friction = None
self.E.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 211e9
self.T_sol = C2K(1430)
self.T_liq = self.T_sol + 50
self.T_vap = C2K(2700)
self.T_deform = self.T_sol + 0.66 * (self.T_liq - self.T_sol)
self.h_melt = 270e+3
self.h_vap = 6.35e+6
self.beta.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 23.1e-6
self.work_function = 4.3 # JAP Vol6 1973 p.2250 [QUIG73]
self.c_p.calc = self._c_p
self.k.calc = self._k
self.M.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 55.845e-3
self.mu.calc = self._mu
self.nu.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: self.mu(T, p, x) / \
self.rho(T, p, x)
self.rho.calc = self._rho
self.rho_el.calc = self._rho_el
def _rho_el(self,
T: float = C2K(20),
p: float = atm(),
x: float = 0.) -> float:
"""
Reference:
Rykalin, in Radaj: Heat Effects of Welding, Springer 1992, p.68
T[deg C] rho [Ohm*mm]
0 1.26e-4
400 4e-4
800 10.2e-4
1200 12e-4
1600 12.6e-4
"""
T_Celsius = max(K2C(T), 20.)
# specific resistance in [Ohm m]
if T_Celsius < 800:
rho_el = (
(1.081e-8 * T_Celsius + 2.53e-6) * T_Celsius + 1.26e-3) * 1e-4
elif T < self.T_sol:
rho_el = (
(-3.75e-9 * T_Celsius + 1.2e-5) * T_Celsius + 3e-3) * 1e-4
else:
rho_el = 2 * 1.2e-6
return rho_el
def __init__(self, identifier: str = 'gas',
latex: Optional[str] = None,
comment: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
"""
Args:
identifier:
Identifier of matter
latex:
Latex-version of identifier. If None, identical with identifier
comment:
Comment on matter
Note:
Do NOT define a self.__call__() method in this class
"""
super().__init__(identifier=identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
# self.a.calc = self._a
self.D_in_air = Property('D_in_air', 'm2/s',
calc=lambda T, p=atm(), x=0.: None)
self.T.ref = C2K(15.)
def __init__(self, identifier='1.4362', latex=None, comment='X2CrNiN23-4'):
super().__init__(identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
self.T.ref = C2K(20)
self.T_sol = None
self.E.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 200e+9
self.beta.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 17.5e-6
self.c_p.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 500.
self.k.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 15.
self.rho.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 7800.
def __init__(self, identifier='1.4003', latex=None, comment='X2CrNi12'):
super().__init__(identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
self.T.ref = C2K(20)
self.T_sol = None
self.E.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 220e+9
self.beta.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 11.6e-6
self.c_p.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 430.
self.k.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 25.
self.rho.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 7700.
def __init__(self, identifier: str = 'matter',
latex: Optional[str] = None,
comment: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
"""
Args:
identifier:
Identifier of matter
latex:
Latex-version of identifier.
If None, latex is identical with identifier
comment:
Comment on matter
Note:
Do NOT define a self.__call__() method in this class
"""
super().__init__(identifier=identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
self.a = Property('a', 'm$^2$/s', comment='thermal diffusity',
calc = self._a)
self.beta = Property('beta', '1/K', latex=r'$\beta_{th}$',
comment='volumetric thermal expansion')
self.c_p = Property('c_p', 'J/kg/K',
comment='specific heat capacity')
self.c_sound = Property('c_sound', 'm/s', latex='$c_{sound}$')
self.c_sound.calc = lambda T, p, x: None
self.composition: Dict[str, float] = OrderedDict()
self.compressible: bool = False
self.E = Property('E', 'Pa', comment="Young's (elastic) modulus")
self.h_melt: float = None
self.h_vap: float = None
self.k = Property('k', 'W/m/K', latex='$k$',
comment='thermal conductivity')
self.M = Property('M', 'kmol/kg', comment='molar mass')
self.M.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: None
self.nu_mech: float = None
self.rho = Property('rho', 'kg/m$^3$', latex=r'$\varrho$', ref=1.,
comment='density')
self.rho.T.ref = C2K(20.)
self.rho.p.ref = atm()
self.rho_el = Property('rho_el', r'$\Omega$', latex=r'$\varrho_{el}$',
comment='electric resistance')
self.T_boil: float = 0.
self.T_flash_point: float = 0.
self.T_liq: float = 0.
self.T_melt: float = 0.
self.T_sol: float = 0.
if self.E() is None or np.abs(self.E()) < 1e-20:
self.rho.calc = lambda T, p, x: self.rho.ref \
/ (1. + (T - self.rho.T.ref) * self.beta())
else:
self.rho.calc = lambda T, p, x: self.rho.ref \
/ (1. + (T - self.rho.T.ref) * self.beta()) \
/ (1. - (p - self.rho.p.ref) / self.E())
def _rho(self, T, p=1e5, x=0):
Tp = C2K(np.array([20, 40, 60, 80, 100]))
Pp = np.array([0.1, 10.1, 20.1]) * 1e6
Up = np.array([[874.5, 879.7, 884.6],
[862.1, 867.8, 873.1],
[849.8, 855.8, 861.6],
[837.4, 843.9, 850.1],
[825.0, 832.0, 838.6]]).T
f = interp2d(Tp, Pp, Up)
return f(T, p)
def _c_p(self, T, p=1e5, x=0):
Tp = C2K(np.array([20, 40, 60, 80, 100]))
Pp = np.array([0.1, 10.1, 20.1]) * 1e6
Up = np.array([[1939.6, 1936.4, 1933.4],
[2028.2, 2024.7, 2021.4],
[2116.9, 2112.9, 2110.0],
[2205.5, 2201.1, 2197.2],
[2294.2, 2289.3, 2284.9]]).T
f = interp2d(Tp, Pp, Up)
return f(T, p)
def __init__(self,
identifier: str = 'Property',
unit: str = '/',
absolute: bool = True,
latex: Optional[str] = None,
val: Optional[Union[float, Iterable[float]]] = None,
ref: Optional[Union[float, Iterable[float]]] = None,
comment: Optional[str] = None,
calc: Optional[Callable[..., float]] = None) -> None:
super().__init__(identifier=identifier,
unit=unit,
absolute=absolute,
latex=latex,
val=val,
ref=ref,
comment=comment)
# reference temperature gases: 15C, solids: 20C or 25C, liquids: 20C
T_Celsius = 20.
self.T = Parameter(identifier='T', unit='K', absolute=True)
self.T.ref = C2K(T_Celsius)
self.T['operational'] = Range(C2K(-40.), C2K(200.))
self.T.accuracy = Range('-1', '+1')
self.p = Parameter(identifier='p', unit='Pa', absolute=True)
self.p.ref = atm()
self.p['operational'] = Range(0. + self.p.ref, 100e5 + self.p.ref)
self.p.accuracy = Range('-1%FS', '+1%FS')
self.x = Parameter(identifier='x', unit='/', absolute=True)
self.x['operational'] = Range(0., 1.)
self.x.ref = 0.
self.accuracy = Range('-1%', '1%')
self.repeatability = Range('-0.1', '+0.1', '95%')
if calc is None:
calc = lambda T, p, x: 1.
self.calc = calc
self.regression_coefficients: Optional[Iterable[float]] = None
def _mu(self,
T: float = C2K(20),
p: float = atm(),
x: float = 0.) -> float:
"""
[JONE96]: eta = eta0 * exp(E / (R*T)), eta0 = 0.3699e-3 kg/(m s),
E = 41.4e3 J/mol, and R = 8.3144 J/(K mol)
"""
return 0.3699e-3 * np.exp(41.4e3 / (8.3144*T)) \
if T > self.T_deform else 1e20
def __init__(self, identifier: str='water',
latex: Optional[str]='$H_2O$',
comment: Optional[str]=None) -> None:
"""
Args:
identifier:
identifier of matter
latex:
Latex-version of identifier.
If None, latex is identical with identifier
comment:
comment on matter
"""
super().__init__(identifier=identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
self.version = '301017_dww'
# reference point and operational range
self.T.operational = Range(C2K(0), C2K(100))
self.T.ref = C2K(15)
self.T.val = self.T.ref
self.p.operational = Range(0. + atm(), 100e5 + atm())
self.p.ref = atm()
self.p.val = self.p.ref
# constants
self.hMelt = 334.0e3
self.hVap = 2270.0e3
self.T_liq = C2K(0.0)
self.T_boil = C2K(99.9839)
self.composition['H2O'] = 100.
# functions of temperature, pressure and spare parameter 'x'
self.rho.calc = self._rho
self.nu.calc = self._nu
self.mu.calc = self._mu
self.c_p.calc = self._c_p
self.k.calc = self._k
self.c_sound.calc = self._c_sound
self.E.calc = self._E
def __init__(self,
identifier='1.4401',
latex=None,
comment='X5CrNiMo17-12-2'):
super().__init__(identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
self.T.ref = C2K(20)
self.T_sol = None
self.E.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 200e+9
self.beta.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 17.5e-6
self.c_p.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 500.
self.k.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 15.
self.rho.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 8000.
def __init__(self,
identifier='1.4541',
latex=None,
comment='X6CrNiTi18-10'):
super().__init__(identifier, latex=latex, comment=None)
self.T.ref = C2K(20)
self.T_sol = None
self.E.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 200e+9
self.beta.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 17.5e-6
self.c_p.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 500.
self.k.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 15.
self.rho.calc = lambda T=0., p=0., x=0.: 7900.
def __init__(self,
identifier='1.4571',
latex=None,
comment='X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2'):
super().__init__(identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
self.T.ref = C2K(20)
self.T_sol = None
self.E.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 200e+9
self.beta.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 18.5e-6
self.c_p.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 500
self.k.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 15
self.rho.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 8000
def __init__(self, identifier: str='hydraulic_oil',
latex: Optional[str]=None,
comment: Optional[str]=None) -> None:
super().__init__(identifier=identifier)
"""
Args:
identifier:
identifier of matter
latex:
Latex-version of identifier.
If None, latex is identical with identifier
comment:
comment on matter
"""
super().__init__(identifier=identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
self.version = '160118_dww'
# reference point and operational range
self.T.operational = Range(C2K(0), C2K(100))
self.T.ref = C2K(15)
self.T.val = self.T.ref
self.p.operational = Range(0. + atm(), 100e5 + atm())
self.p.ref = atm()
self.p.val = self.p.ref
# constants
# self.hMelt =
# self.hVap =
# self.T_liq = C2K( )
# self.T_boil = C2K( )
self.composition['C12H24'] = 100 # TODO
# functions of temperature, pressure and spare parameter 'x'
self.rho.calc = self._rho
self.nu.calc = self._nu
self.mu.calc = self._mu
self.c_p.calc = self._c_p
self.k.calc = self._k
def _c_p(self,
T: float = C2K(20),
p: float = atm(),
x: float = 0.) -> float:
Tp = [
300, 600, 900, 1033, 1040, 1184, 1184.1, 1400, 1673, 1673.1, 1809,
1809.1, 2000, 3000
]
Up = [
430, 580, 760, 1260, 1160, 720, 610, 640, 680, 730, 760, 790, 790,
790
]
return np.interp(T, Tp, Up)
def __init__(self,
identifier: str = 'Ryton',
latex: Optional[str] = None,
comment: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
"""
Args:
identifier:
identifier of matter
latex:
Latex-version of identifier. If None, identifier is assigned
comment:
comment on matter
"""
super().__init__(identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
self.version = '240817_dww'
if comment is None:
self.comment = 'Ryton R-4-230 40% fiberglass reinforced ' + \
'polyphenylene sulfide resins'
self.T.ref = C2K(20)
self.nu_mech = 0.38 # TODO from Solvay Spec. Polymers Ryton R-4
self.friction = 0.5
self.R_compr.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 0 * K2C(T) + 268e6
self.E.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 14.5e+9
self.beta.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 15e-6
self.c_p.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 1000
# TODO difference between c_p of reference [2]:1003 and [3]:1000
self.k.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 3.63
self.rho.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 1680
self.rho_el.calc = lambda T=0, p=0, x=0: 1e+12
self.T_melt = (C2K(1399), C2K(1454))
def _rho(self,
T: float = C2K(20),
p: float = atm(),
x: float = 0.) -> float:
"""
Reference for liquid iron:
Steinberg, D. J.: Met. Trans. 5 (1974), 1341, in [Iida93]
"""
T_Celsius = min(K2C(T), 1600)
if T_Celsius > 1536:
rho = 7030 + (-8.8e-1) * (T_Celsius - 1536)
elif T_Celsius > 723:
rho = (-1e-4 * T_Celsius - 0.2) * T_Celsius + 7852.3
else:
rho = (-1e-4 * T_Celsius - 0.3) * T_Celsius + 7849.1
return rho
def __init__(self, identifier: str = 'liquid',
latex: Optional[str] = None,
comment: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
"""
Args:
identifier:
Identifier of matter
latex:
Latex-version of identifier. If None, identical with identifier
comment:
Comment on matter
Note:
Do NOT define a self.__call__() method in this class
"""
super().__init__(identifier=identifier, latex=latex, comment=comment)
self.T.ref = C2K(20.)
def _k(self, T: float = C2K(20), p: float = atm(), x: float = 0.) -> float:
Tp = [
300, 600, 900, 1184, 1400, 1673, 1673.1, 1809, 1809.1, 2000, 3000
]
Up = [59.6, 54.6, 37.4, 28.2, 30.6, 33.7, 33.4, 34.6, 40.3, 42.6, 48]
return np.interp(T, Tp, Up)
def _nu(self, T, p=1e5, x=0):
Tp = C2K(np.array([20, 40, 60, 80, 100]))
Up = np.array([90, 32, 15, 8.5, 5.5]) * 1e-6
return np.interp(T, Tp, Up)