def dis(x=None):
"""Disassemble classes, methods, functions, or code.
With no argument, disassemble the last traceback.
"""
if x is None:
dismodule.distb()
return
if hasattr(x, '__func__'):
x = x.__func__
if hasattr(x, '__code__'):
x = getattr(x, '__code__')
if isinstance(x, FunctionType):
x = sys.get_func_code(x)
if hasattr(x, '__dict__'):
items = sorted(x.__dict__.items())
for name, x1 in items:
if isinstance(
x1,
(types.MethodType, types.FunctionType, types.CodeType, type)):
print("Disassembly of %s:" % name)
try:
dis(x1)
except TypeError as msg:
print("Sorry:", msg)
print()
elif hasattr(x, 'co_code'):
dismodule.disassemble(x)
elif isinstance(x, (bytes, bytearray)):
dismodule.disassemble_string(x)
else:
raise TypeError("don't know how to disassemble %s objects" %
type(x).__name__)
def dis(x=None):
"""Disassemble classes, methods, functions, or code.
With no argument, disassemble the last traceback.
"""
if x is None:
dismodule.distb()
return
if hasattr(x, '__func__'):
x = x.__func__
if hasattr(x, '__code__'):
x = getattr(x, '__code__')
if isinstance(x, FunctionType):
x = sys.get_func_code(x)
if hasattr(x, '__dict__'):
items = sorted(x.__dict__.items())
for name, x1 in items:
if isinstance(x1, (types.MethodType, types.FunctionType,
types.CodeType, type)):
print("Disassembly of %s:" % name)
try:
dis(x1)
except TypeError as msg:
print("Sorry:", msg)
print()
elif hasattr(x, 'co_code'):
dismodule.disassemble(x)
elif isinstance(x, (bytes, bytearray)):
dismodule.disassemble_string(x)
else:
raise TypeError("don't know how to disassemble %s objects" %
type(x).__name__)
def whoaminow():
"returns name of called calling function"
import sys, dis
# get frame where calling function is called
frame = sys._getframe(2)
# get code and next to last instruction from frame
code = frame.f_code
lasti = frame.f_lasti - 3
# redirect ouput of disassemble (stdout)
oldout = sys.stdout
sys.stdout = open('log', 'w')
dis.disassemble(code, lasti)
sys.stdout.close()
sys.stdout = oldout # restore stdout
# retrieve current byte code line
fd = open('log')
for line in fd.xreadlines():
if line.startswith('-->'):
break
else: # couldn't find name
line = None
fd.close()
# isolate function name
if line is not None:
funcname = line.split()[-1][1:-1]
else:
funcname = None
return funcname
def show_code(code, indent=''):
# pprint.pprint({x: getattr(code, x) for x in dir(code) if not x.startswith('__')})
# return
print("%scode" % indent)
indent += ' '
print("%sargcount %d" % (indent, code.co_argcount))
print("%snlocals %d" % (indent, code.co_nlocals))
print("%sstacksize %d" % (indent, code.co_stacksize))
print("%sflags %04x" % (indent, code.co_flags))
show_hex("code", code.co_code, indent=indent)
dis.disassemble(code)
print("%sconsts" % indent)
for const in code.co_consts:
if type(const) == types.CodeType:
show_code(const, indent + ' ')
else:
print(" %s%r" % (indent, const))
print("%snames %r" % (indent, code.co_names))
print("%svarnames %r" % (indent, code.co_varnames))
print("%sfreevars %r" % (indent, code.co_freevars))
print("%scellvars %r" % (indent, code.co_cellvars))
print("%sfilename %r" % (indent, code.co_filename))
print("%skwonlyargcount %r" % (indent, code.co_kwonlyargcount))
print("%sname %r" % (indent, code.co_name))
print("%sfirstlineno %d" % (indent, code.co_firstlineno))
show_hex("lnotab", code.co_lnotab, indent=indent)
def show_code(code, indent='', number=None):
label = ""
if number is not None:
label = "%d: " % number
print("%s%scode" % (indent, label))
indent += ' '
print("%sname %r" % (indent, code.co_name))
print("%sargcount %d" % (indent, code.co_argcount))
print("%snlocals %d" % (indent, code.co_nlocals))
print("%sstacksize %d" % (indent, code.co_stacksize))
print("%sflags %04x: %s" % (indent, code.co_flags, flag_words(code.co_flags, CO_FLAGS)))
show_hex("code", code.co_code, indent=indent)
dis.disassemble(code)
print("%sconsts" % indent)
for i, const in enumerate(code.co_consts):
if type(const) == types.CodeType:
show_code(const, indent+' ', number=i)
else:
print(" %s%d: %r" % (indent, i, const))
print("%snames %r" % (indent, code.co_names))
print("%svarnames %r" % (indent, code.co_varnames))
print("%sfreevars %r" % (indent, code.co_freevars))
print("%scellvars %r" % (indent, code.co_cellvars))
print("%sfilename %r" % (indent, code.co_filename))
print("%sfirstlineno %d" % (indent, code.co_firstlineno))
show_hex("lnotab", code.co_lnotab, indent=indent)
def show_code(code, indent='', i=None):
if i: i = "%d: " % i
else: i = ''
print "%s%scode" % (indent, i)
indent += ' '
print "%sargcount %d" % (indent, code.co_argcount)
print "%snlocals %d" % (indent, code.co_nlocals)
print "%sstacksize %d" % (indent, code.co_stacksize)
print "%sflags %04x" % (indent, code.co_flags)
show_hex("code", code.co_code, indent=indent)
dis.disassemble(code)
print "%sconsts" % indent
for i, const in zip(range(len(code.co_consts)),code.co_consts):
if type(const) == types.CodeType:
show_code(const, indent+' ', i)
else:
print " %s%d: %r" % (indent, i, const)
print "%snames" % indent
for i, name in zip(range(len(code.co_names)), code.co_names):
print " %s%d: %r" % (indent, i, name)
print "%svarnames %r" % (indent, code.co_varnames)
print "%sfreevars %r" % (indent, code.co_freevars)
print "%scellvars %r" % (indent, code.co_cellvars)
print "%sfilename %r" % (indent, code.co_filename)
print "%sname %r" % (indent, code.co_name)
print "%sfirstlineno %d" % (indent, code.co_firstlineno)
show_hex("lnotab", code.co_lnotab, indent=indent)
def unpack(exe_data):
cookie = Cookie(exe_data[-Cookie.size:])
same_pyver = cookie.pyver == sys.version_info[0] * 10 + sys.version_info[1]
if not same_pyver:
print ('Warning: Python version does not match, '
'will not unmarshal data')
pkgstart = -cookie.len
tocdata = exe_data[pkgstart + cookie.toc:
pkgstart + cookie.toc + cookie.toclen]
# Extract strings
for entry in TOC(tocdata):
data = exe_data[pkgstart + entry.pos:
pkgstart + entry.pos + entry.len]
if entry.cflag:
data = decompress(data)
if entry.typcd.lower() == 'm':
# Module
print 'Extracting module', entry.name
with open(entry.name + '.pyc', 'wb') as outfile:
outfile.write(data)
if same_pyver:
print 'Disassembling module', entry.name
# skip header of pyc/pyo files and unmarshal the code
# object
code_object = marshal.loads(data[8:])
# Write dis output to file
# Note: this is a hack, but dis seems to be a hack, too
with wrap_stdio(open(entry.name + '.dis', 'w')):
disassemble(code_object)
elif entry.typcd == 's':
print 'Extracting script', entry.name
# Python script
with open(entry.name + '.py', 'w') as outfile:
outfile.write(data)
def get_disassembly(self, func, lasti=-1, wrapper=True):
output = io.StringIO()
if wrapper:
dis.dis(func, file=output)
else:
dis.disassemble(func, lasti, file=output)
return output.getvalue()
def show_code(code, indent='', number=None):
label = ""
if number is not None:
label = "%d: " % number
print("%s%scode" % (indent, label))
indent += ' '
print("%sname %r" % (indent, code.co_name))
print("%sargcount %d" % (indent, code.co_argcount))
print("%snlocals %d" % (indent, code.co_nlocals))
print("%sstacksize %d" % (indent, code.co_stacksize))
print("%sflags %04x: %s" %
(indent, code.co_flags, flag_words(code.co_flags, CO_FLAGS)))
show_hex("code", code.co_code, indent=indent)
dis.disassemble(code)
print("%sconsts" % indent)
for i, const in enumerate(code.co_consts):
if type(const) == types.CodeType:
show_code(const, indent + ' ', number=i)
else:
print(" %s%d: %r" % (indent, i, const))
print("%snames %r" % (indent, code.co_names))
print("%svarnames %r" % (indent, code.co_varnames))
print("%sfreevars %r" % (indent, code.co_freevars))
print("%scellvars %r" % (indent, code.co_cellvars))
print("%sfilename %r" % (indent, code.co_filename))
print("%sfirstlineno %d" % (indent, code.co_firstlineno))
show_hex("lnotab", code.co_lnotab, indent=indent)
def show_code(code, indent=''):
old_indent = indent
print "%s<code>" % indent
indent += ' '
print "%s<argcount> %d </argcount>" % (indent, code.co_argcount)
print "%s<nlocals> %d</nlocals>" % (indent, code.co_nlocals)
print "%s<stacksize> %d</stacksize>" % (indent, code.co_stacksize)
print "%s<flags> %04x</flags>" % (indent, code.co_flags)
show_hex("code", code.co_code, indent=indent)
print "%s<dis>" % indent
dis.disassemble(code)
print "%s</dis>" % indent
print "%s<names> %r</names>" % (indent, code.co_names)
print "%s<varnames> %r</varnames>" % (indent, code.co_varnames)
print "%s<freevars> %r</freevars>" % (indent, code.co_freevars)
print "%s<cellvars> %r</cellvars>" % (indent, code.co_cellvars)
print "%s<filename> %r</filename>" % (indent, code.co_filename)
print "%s<name> %r</name>" % (indent, code.co_name)
print "%s<firstlineno> %d</firstlineno>" % (indent, code.co_firstlineno)
print "%s<consts>" % indent
for const in code.co_consts:
if type(const) == types.CodeType:
show_code(const, indent+' ')
else:
print " %s%r" % (indent, const)
print "%s</consts>" % indent
show_hex("lnotab", code.co_lnotab, indent=indent)
print "%s</code>" % old_indent
def view_pyc_file(path):
"""Read and display a content of the Python`s bytecode in a pyc-file."""
file = open(path, 'rb')
magic = file.read(4)
timestamp = file.read(4)
size = None
if sys.version_info.major == 3 and sys.version_info.minor >= 3:
size = file.read(4)
size = struct.unpack('I', size)[0]
code = marshal.load(file)
magic = binascii.hexlify(magic).decode('utf-8')
timestamp = time.asctime(
time.localtime(struct.unpack('I', b'D\xa5\xc2X')[0]))
dis.disassemble(code)
print('-' * 80)
print('Python version: {}\nMagic code: {}\nTimestamp: {}\nSize: {}'.format(
platform.python_version(), magic, timestamp, size))
file.close()
def f():
'''this function returns its x attribute even if the function's name changes
uses the inspect and dis modules'''
# look at the stack frame that called us
caller = inspect.stack()[1][0]
print(f"DEBUG: stack = {caller}")
# disassemble the stack frame and pick out the call
sys.stdout = io.StringIO()
dis.disassemble(caller.f_code, caller.f_lasti)
text = sys.stdout.getvalue()
sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
print(f"DEBUG: stack frame = {text}")
match = re.search(r'LOAD_NAME.*\((.*?)\)\s+-->', text)
name = match.group(1) # the name used to call the function
print(f"DEBUG: function name = {name}")
# now extract the x attribute value
try:
func = caller.f_locals[name]
print(f"DEBUG: locals = {func}")
print(f"DEBUG: x = {func.x}")
except KeyError:
func = caller.f_globals[name]
print(f"x attribute = {func.x}")
def get_disassembly(self, func, lasti=-1, wrapper=True):
output = io.StringIO()
if wrapper:
dis.dis(func, file=output)
else:
dis.disassemble(func, lasti, file=output)
return output.getvalue()
def cut_asm(self, line, code):
if line == -1:
# ignore
return code
first = 0
last = codesize = len(code.co_code)
lines = list(dis.findlinestarts(code))
for pos, (asm_line, src_line) in enumerate(lines):
if line != asm_line:
continue
else:
if asm_line == lines[-1][0]:
first, last = (asm_line, codesize)
else:
first, last = (asm_line, lines[pos + 1][0])
break
codestr = code.co_code[first:last]
# Rebuild code object
new_code = type(code)(code.co_argcount, code.co_nlocals,
code.co_stacksize, code.co_flags, codestr,
code.co_consts, code.co_names, code.co_varnames,
code.co_filename, code.co_name,
code.co_firstlineno, code.co_lnotab,
code.co_freevars, code.co_cellvars)
if self.metadebug:
dis.disassemble(new_code)
return new_code
def dis():
import dis
funcs = sorted([f for f in globals() if f.endswith('_int')])
co = get_code('max_int')
for f in funcs:
print("dis func {0}:\n".format(f))
dis.disassemble(get_code(f))
def show_code(code, indent=''):
print "%scode" % indent
indent += ' '
print "%sargcount %d" % (indent, code.co_argcount)
print "%snlocals %d" % (indent, code.co_nlocals)
print "%sstacksize %d" % (indent, code.co_stacksize)
print "%sflags %04x" % (indent, code.co_flags)
show_hex("code", code.co_code, indent=indent)
dis.disassemble(code)
print "%sconsts" % indent
for const in code.co_consts:
if type(const) == types.CodeType:
show_code(const, indent + ' ')
else:
print " %s%r" % (indent, const)
print "%snames %r" % (indent, code.co_names)
print "%svarnames %r" % (indent, code.co_varnames)
print "%sfreevars %r" % (indent, code.co_freevars)
print "%scellvars %r" % (indent, code.co_cellvars)
print "%sfilename %r" % (indent, code.co_filename)
print "%sname %r" % (indent, code.co_name)
print "%sfirstlineno %d" % (indent, code.co_firstlineno)
show_hex("lnotab", code.co_lnotab, indent=indent)
def get_disassembly(self, func, lasti=-1, wrapper=True):
output = io.StringIO()
with contextlib.redirect_stdout(output):
if wrapper:
dis.dis(func)
else:
dis.disassemble(func, lasti)
return output.getvalue()
def eval_tree(t, verbose=False, dis=False):
src = flatten_tree(t)
if verbose: print(src, end='\n\n')
fn = eval_def(src)
if dis:
print(fn.__name__ + ':', end='\n\n')
disassemble(fn)
print('\n\n')
return fn
def dump(code_obj):
for attr in sorted(dir(code_obj)):
if not attr.startswith("__"):
print(attr, getattr(code_obj, attr))
dis.disassemble(code_obj)
for c in code_obj.co_consts:
if hasattr(c, "co_code"):
print()
dump(c)
def get_disassembly(self, func, lasti=-1, wrapper=True):
# We want to test the default printing behaviour, not the file arg
output = io.StringIO()
with contextlib.redirect_stdout(output):
if wrapper:
dis.dis(func)
else:
dis.disassemble(func, lasti)
return output.getvalue()
def dump(code_obj):
for attr in sorted(dir(code_obj)):
if not attr.startswith("__"):
print(attr, getattr(code_obj, attr))
dis.disassemble(code_obj)
for c in code_obj.co_consts:
if hasattr(c, "co_code"):
print()
dump(c)
def show_bytecode(code, level=0):
indent = INDENT * level
print(to_hexstr(code.co_code, level, wrap=True))
print(indent + "disassembled:")
buffer = StringIO()
sys.stdout = buffer
dis.disassemble(code)
sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
print(indent + buffer.getvalue().replace("\n", "\n" + indent))
def get_disassembly(self, func, lasti=-1, wrapper=True):
# We want to test the default printing behaviour, not the file arg
output = io.StringIO()
with contextlib.redirect_stdout(output):
if wrapper:
dis.dis(func)
else:
dis.disassemble(func, lasti)
return output.getvalue()
def show_bytecode(code, level=0):
indent = INDENT*level
print(to_hexstr(code.co_code, level, wrap=True))
print(indent+"disassembled:")
buffer = StringIO()
sys.stdout = buffer
dis.disassemble(code)
sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
print(indent + buffer.getvalue().replace("\n", "\n"+indent))
def process(self, x, nextx):
opcode, arg, nextopcode, nextarg = map(
u8char, (x.opcode, x.arg, nextx.opcode, nextx.arg))
# if we are recursive
if arg and arg >= 256:
self.process(mk_extended_arg(arg >> 8, x), x)
arg = u8char(arg % 256)
need_close = (self.state >= U8.start2 and not opcode.cont
or self.state >= U8.start3 and not arg.cont
or self.state == U8.start2 and arg.cont
or self.state == U8.start4 and not nextopcode.cont
and opcode == dis.EXTENDED_ARG)
self.need_ignore = False
if self.verbose > 2:
print(f'{x=}, {self.state=}, {need_close=}')
if need_close and self.state >= U8.start2:
self.maybe_insert_cont()
# thankfully all opcodes are currently < 0xc0
if opcode.cont and self.state < U8.start2:
val = 0xc3
if arg.cont:
val = 0xe1 # escape arg as well
if nextopcode.cont and not nextarg.cont:
val = 0xf1 # escape next opcode as well
self.maybe_insert_start(val, x)
if self.need_ignore and opcode >= dis.HAVE_ARGUMENT:
if self.newcode[-1] is None:
self.newcode[-1] = ANY_ASCII
self.newcode.extend((dis.opmap['NOP'], None))
if self.newcode[-1:] == [None]:
self.newcode[-1] = ANY_ASCII
self.newcode.extend((opcode, arg))
self.was_extended_arg = opcode == dis.EXTENDED_ARG
if opcode.ascii and arg and arg.cont:
print('Warn: opcode is low and arg is '
f'0x80 <= {arg:#02x} < 0xc2')
if self.verbose > 1:
dis.disassemble(self.codeobj, x.offset)
if not arg:
self.state = U8.ascii
elif arg.start:
self.state = arg.type
elif opcode.start: # impossible
self.state = opcode.type - 1
elif self.state >= U8.start2:
self.state -= 2
def show_all(code):
print('\n# Disassemble At : %s\n# Method Name : %s \n# File Name : %s\n' %
(time.ctime(), re.search(r'<code object (.*?) at ',
repr(code)).group(1), sys.argv[1]))
dis.disassemble(code)
for const in code.co_consts:
if type(const) == types.CodeType:
show_all(const)
else:
pass
def show_bytecode(code, level=0):
indent = INDENT * level
print(to_hexstr(code.co_code, level, wrap=True))
print(indent + "disassembled:")
buffer = StringIO()
sys.stdout = buffer
# NOTE: This format has addresses in it, disable for now
dis.disassemble(code)
sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
print(indent + buffer.getvalue().replace("\n", "\n" + indent))
def _disassemble_recursive(co, depth=None):
disassemble(co)
if depth is None or depth > 0:
if depth is not None:
depth = depth - 1
for x in co.co_consts:
if hasattr(x, 'co_code'):
print()
print("Disassembly of %r:" % (x, ))
_disassemble_recursive(x, depth=depth)
def disassemble(code):
"""Given a code object, return output from dis.disassemble as a string.
(dis.disassemble writes its output to stdout.)"""
rem = sys.stdout
sys.stdout = cStringIO.StringIO()
dis.disassemble(code)
ret = sys.stdout.getvalue()
ret = ret.replace(']]>', ']]X>')
sys.stdout = rem
return hex_pat.sub('0x...', ret)
def performance():
import dis
dis.disassemble(some_function.__code__)
size= len(some_function.__code__.co_code)
print( "size", size)
import timeit
t= timeit.timeit( """some_function(4)""", """from Chapter_12.ch12_ex1 import some_function""" )
print( "time", t )
print( "byte/sec", 1000000*size/t )
def disassemble(code, depth=0):
original_stdout = sys.stdout
string_io = StringIO()
sys.stdout = string_io
dis.disassemble(code)
sys.stdout = original_stdout
assembly = string_io.getvalue().split('\n')
interpret_call_function_arg(assembly) # in-place change
space = ' '
assembly = '\n'.join([space * 2 * depth + line for line in assembly])
return assembly
def _disassemble_recursive(co, *, file=None, depth=None):
import dis
dis.disassemble(co, file=file)
if depth is None or depth > 0:
if depth is not None:
depth = depth - 1
for x in co.co_consts:
if hasattr(x, 'co_code'):
print(file=file)
print("Disassembly of %r:" % (x, ), file=file)
_disassemble_recursive(x, file=file, depth=depth)
def get_disassembly(self, func, lasti=-1, wrapper=True):
s = io.StringIO()
save_stdout = sys.stdout
sys.stdout = s
try:
if wrapper:
dis.dis(func)
else:
dis.disassemble(func, lasti)
finally:
sys.stdout = save_stdout
# Trim trailing blanks (if any).
return [line.rstrip() for line in s.getvalue().splitlines()]
def get_disassembly(self, func, lasti=-1, wrapper=True):
s = io.StringIO()
save_stdout = sys.stdout
sys.stdout = s
try:
if wrapper:
dis.dis(func)
else:
dis.disassemble(func, lasti)
finally:
sys.stdout = save_stdout
# Trim trailing blanks (if any).
return [line.rstrip() for line in s.getvalue().splitlines()]
def performance():
import dis
dis.disassemble(some_function.__code__)
size = len(some_function.__code__.co_code)
print(f"size {size} bytes")
import timeit
t = timeit.timeit(
"""some_function(4)""",
"""from Chapter_12.ch12_ex1 import some_function"""
)
print(f"total time {t:.3f} sec. for 1,000,000 iterations")
rate = 1_000_000*size/t
print(f"rate {rate:,.0f} bytes/sec")
print(f"rate {rate/1_000_000:,.1f} Mbytes/sec")
def f():
'''this function prints its name, even if called through a new reference'''
# look at the stack frame that called us
caller = inspect.stack()[1][0]
print(f"DEBUG: stack = {caller}")
# disassemble the stack frame and pick out the call
sys.stdout = io.StringIO()
dis.disassemble(caller.f_code, caller.f_lasti)
text = sys.stdout.getvalue()
sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
print(f"DEBUG: stack frame = {text}")
match = re.search(r'LOAD_NAME.*\((.*?)\)\s+-->', text)
name = match.group(1) # the name used to call the function
print(f"DEBUG: function name = {name}")
print(f"I was called through: {name}")
def function_info(f):
print('-----------------------------------------------')
print('__name__:', f.__name__)
print('__qualname__:', f.__qualname__)
print('__doc__:', f.__doc__)
print('__module__:', f.__module__)
print('__dict__:', f.__dict__)
print('__code__:', f.__code__)
if True:
print('__code__.co_argcount:', f.__code__.co_argcount)
print('__code__.co_cellvars:', f.__code__.co_cellvars)
print('__code__.co_code:', f.__code__.co_code)
print('__code__.co_consts:', f.__code__.co_consts)
print('__code__.co_filename:', f.__code__.co_filename)
print('__code__.co_firstlineno:', f.__code__.co_firstlineno)
print('__code__.co_flags:', f.__code__.co_flags)
print('__code__.co_freevars:', f.__code__.co_freevars)
print('__code__.co_kwonlyargcount:', f.__code__.co_kwonlyargcount)
print('__code__.co_lnotab:', f.__code__.co_lnotab)
print('__code__.co_name:', f.__code__.co_name)
print('__code__.co_names:', f.__code__.co_names)
print('__code__.co_nlocals:', f.__code__.co_nlocals)
print('__code__.co_stacksize:', f.__code__.co_stacksize)
print('__code__.co_varnames:', f.__code__.co_varnames)
print('__defaults__:', f.__defaults__)
print(dis.disassemble(f.__code__))
print('__kwdefaults__:', f.__kwdefaults__)
print('__annotations__:', f.__annotations__)
print('__closure__:', f.__closure__)
def reload2(target_module_obj):
print 'import {}'.format(target_module_obj.__name__)
reload(target_module_obj)
with open(target_module_obj.__file__, 'rb') as f:
f.read(8)
module_code = marshal.load(f)
stdout = cStringIO.StringIO()
sys.stdout = stdout
dis.disassemble(module_code)
sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
assembly_str = stdout.getvalue()
stdout.close()
print assembly_str
def caller_assignment_name(depth=0):
frame = sys._getframe(depth + 2)
dis.disassemble(frame.f_code, frame.f_lasti)
# from pprint import pprint
# pprint(list(dis.get_instructions(frame.f_code)))
for op in list(dis.get_instructions(frame.f_code)):
if op.offset < frame.f_lasti:
continue
if op.starts_line is not None:
# We hit a new source line.
break
if op.opname == "STORE_NAME":
return op.argval
raise RuntimeError("Return value of caller must be assigned to a variable")
def f():
'''this function returns its x attribute even if the function's name changes
uses the inspect and dis modules'''
# look at the stack frame that called us
caller = inspect.stack()[1][0]
# disassemble the stack frame and pick out the call
sys.stdout = io.StringIO()
dis.disassemble(caller.f_code, caller.f_lasti)
text = sys.stdout.getvalue()
sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
match = re.search(r'LOAD_NAME.*\((.*?)\)\s+-->', text)
name = match.group(1) # the name used to call the function
# now extract the x attribute value
try:
func = caller.f_locals[name]
except KeyError:
func = caller.f_globals[name]
return func.x
def cut_asm(self, line, code):
if line == -1:
# ignore
return code
first = 0
last = codesize = len(code.co_code)
lines = list(dis.findlinestarts(code))
for pos, (asm_line, src_line) in enumerate(lines):
if line != asm_line:
continue
else:
if asm_line == lines[-1][0]:
first, last = (asm_line, codesize)
else:
first, last = (asm_line, lines[pos + 1][0])
break
codestr = code.co_code[first:last]
# Rebuild code object
new_code = type(code)(code.co_argcount,
code.co_nlocals,
code.co_stacksize,
code.co_flags,
codestr,
code.co_consts,
code.co_names,
code.co_varnames,
code.co_filename,
code.co_name,
code.co_firstlineno,
code.co_lnotab,
code.co_freevars,
code.co_cellvars)
if self.metadebug:
dis.disassemble(new_code)
return new_code
def show_code(code, indent=''):
print "%scode" % indent
indent += ' '
print "%sargcount %d" % (indent, code.co_argcount)
print "%snlocals %d" % (indent, code.co_nlocals)
print "%sstacksize %d" % (indent, code.co_stacksize)
print "%sflags %04x" % (indent, code.co_flags)
show_hex("code", code.co_code, indent=indent)
dis.disassemble(code)
print "%sconsts" % indent
for const in code.co_consts:
if type(const) == types.CodeType:
show_code(const, indent+' ')
else:
print " %s%r" % (indent, const)
print "%snames %r" % (indent, code.co_names)
print "%svarnames %r" % (indent, code.co_varnames)
print "%sfreevars %r" % (indent, code.co_freevars)
print "%scellvars %r" % (indent, code.co_cellvars)
print "%sfilename %r" % (indent, code.co_filename)
print "%sname %r" % (indent, code.co_name)
print "%sfirstlineno %d" % (indent, code.co_firstlineno)
show_hex("lnotab", code.co_lnotab, indent=indent)
import dis
def add(pos,n):
if (n%4)==0:
return pos[0]+1,pos[1]
if (n%4)==1:
return pos[0],pos[1]+1
if (n%4)==2:
return pos[0]-1,pos[1]
return pos[0],pos[1]-1
def orthgen(pos):
for n in range(4):
yield add(pos,n)
def orth(pos):
res=[]
for n in range(4):
res.append(add(pos,n))
return res
pos=(10,4)
dis.dis(orthgen)
dis.disassemble(orthgen)
#~ print range(40)
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import dis
def myFunc():
x = 1
y = 2
z = 'abc' # noqa
return x + y
print(myFunc.__name__)
print(myFunc.__code__.co_varnames)
print(myFunc.__code__.co_consts)
print(myFunc.__code__.co_code)
dis.disassemble(myFunc.__code__)
def disassemble(code_object): saver = out_saver() saver.start() dis.disassemble(code_object) s = saver.stop() return s
def show_bytecode(code, level=0):
indent = INDENT * level
print (to_hexstr(code.co_code, level, wrap=True))
print (indent + "disassembled:")
dis.disassemble(code)
def send_head(self):
global codebufs # CT
self.trace_prev = None
self.trace_next = None
self.trace_addr = ()
if self.path == '/' or self.path == '/all':
all = self.path == '/all'
if all:
title = 'List of ALL code objects'
else:
title = 'List of all named code objects'
data = ['<ul>']
named = 0
proxies = 0
for codebuf in codebufs:
if codebuf.data and codebuf.co_name:
named += 1
else:
if not codebuf.data:
proxies += 1
if not all:
continue
data.append('<li>%s:\t%s:\t%s:\t%s\t(%d bytes)</li>\n' % (
codebuf.co_filename, codebuf.co_name,
codebuf.get_next_instr(),
self.symhtml(codebuf, codebuf.addr),
len(codebuf.data)))
data.append('</ul>\n')
data.append('<br><a href="/">%d named buffers</a>; ' % named +
'<a href="/all">%d buffers in total</a>, ' % len(codebufs) +
'including %d proxies' % proxies)
data = ''.join(data)
return self.donepage(title, data)
match = re_codebuf.match(self.path)
if match:
addr = long(match.group(1), 16)
codebuf = xam.codeat(addr)
if not codebuf:
self.send_error(404, "No code buffer at this address")
return None
if codebuf.addr != addr:
self.trace_addr = [addr]
title = '%s code buffer at 0x%x' % (codebuf.mode.capitalize(),
codebuf.addr)
data = self.bufferpage(codebuf)
return self.donepage(title, data)
match = re_trace.match(self.path)
if match:
tracepos = int(match.group(1), 16)
f = open(tracefilename, 'rb')
try:
def traceat(p, f=f):
f.seek(p)
data = f.read(4)
if len(data) == 4:
addr, = struct.unpack('L', data)
return addr
else:
raise IOError
addr = traceat(tracepos)
codebuf = xam.codeat(addr)
if not codebuf:
self.send_error(404, "No code buffer at 0x%x" % addr)
return None
start = codebuf.addr
end = start + len(codebuf.data)
while tracepos > 0:
addr1 = traceat(tracepos-4)
if not (start <= addr1 < addr):
break
tracepos -= 4
addr = addr1
self.trace_prev = tracepos-4
self.trace_addr = []
while 1:
self.trace_addr.append(addr)
addr1 = traceat(tracepos+4)
if not (addr < addr1 < end):
break
tracepos += 4
addr = addr1
self.trace_next = tracepos+4
finally:
f.close()
title = '%s code buffer at 0x%x' % (codebuf.mode.capitalize(),
codebuf.addr)
data = self.bufferpage(codebuf)
return self.donepage(title, data)
match = re_traces.match(self.path)
if match:
traceaddr = long(match.group(1), 16)
f = open(tracefilename, 'rb')
plist = find4(f, struct.pack('L', traceaddr))
f.close()
title = 'Traces through 0x%x' % traceaddr
data = ['<ul>']
for p in plist:
data.append("<li><a href='/trace0x%x'>0x%x</a>\n" % (p, p))
data.append('</ul>')
data = ''.join(data)
return self.donepage(title, data)
match = re_trlist.match(self.path)
if match:
start = int(match.group(1), 16)
end = int(match.group(2), 16)
title = 'Traces timed 0x%x to 0x%x' % (start, end)
data = ["<p><a href='/trace0x%x-0x%x'><<<<</a></p>\n" %
(start-(end-start), start),
'<ul>']
f = open(tracefilename, 'rb')
f.seek(start)
prevname = None
for p in range(start, end, 4):
addr, = struct.unpack('L', f.read(4))
s = self.try_hard_to_name(addr)
if s == prevname:
continue
data.append("<li><a href='/trace0x%x'>0x%x: %s</a>\n" % (p,p,s))
prevname = s
data.append('</ul>')
data.append(
"<p><a href='/trace0x%x-0x%x'>>>>></a></p>\n" %
(end, end+(end-start)))
f.close()
data = ''.join(data)
return self.donepage(title, data)
match = re_proxy.match(self.path)
if match:
title = 'Snapshot'
n = int(match.group(1))
proxy = codebufs[n]
for n1 in xrange(n-1, -1, -1):
pprev = codebufs[n1]
if (pprev.nextinstr == proxy.nextinstr and
pprev.co_name == proxy.co_name and
pprev.co_filename == proxy.co_filename):
pprev = n1
break
else:
pprev = None
for n1 in xrange(n+1, len(codebufs)):
pnext = codebufs[n1]
if (pnext.nextinstr == proxy.nextinstr and
pnext.co_name == proxy.co_name and
pnext.co_filename == proxy.co_filename):
pnext = n1
break
else:
pnext = None
filename = os.path.join(DIRECTORY, proxy.co_filename)
co = cache_load(filename, proxy.co_name)
data = '<p>PsycoObject structure at this point:'
data += ' ' * 20
data += '['
data += ' <a href="summary%d">summary</a> ' % n
if pprev is not None or pnext is not None:
if pprev is not None:
data += ' <a href="proxy%d"><<< previous</a> ' % pprev
if pnext is not None:
data += ' <a href="proxy%d">next >>></a> ' % pnext
data += ']'
data += '</p>\n'
data += show_vinfos(proxy.vlocals, {}, co)
data += '<hr><p>Disassembly of %s:%s:%s:</p>\n' % (
proxy.co_filename, proxy.co_name, proxy.get_next_instr())
if co is None: #moduledata is None:
txt = "(exception while loading the file '%s')\n" % (
filename)
else:
if not hasattr(co, 'co_code'):
txt = "(no function object '%s' in file '%s')\n" % (
proxy.co_name, filename)
else:
txt = cStringIO.StringIO()
oldstdout = sys.stdout
try:
sys.stdout = txt
dis.disassemble(co, proxy.get_next_instr())
finally:
sys.stdout = oldstdout
txt = txt.getvalue()
data += '<pre>%s</pre>\n' % txt
data += "<br><a href='/0x%x'>Back</a>\n" % proxy.addr
return self.donepage(title, data)
match = re_summary.match(self.path)
if match:
n = int(match.group(1))
proxy = codebufs[n]
data = summary_vinfos(proxy.vlocals, {})
f = cStringIO.StringIO(data)
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Content-type", "text/plain")
self.end_headers()
return f
if self.path == '/checkall':
for codebuf in codebufs:
codebuf.cache_text
f = cStringIO.StringIO('done')
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Content-type", "text/plain")
self.end_headers()
return f
## CT: simple reload feature
if self.path == "/reload":
codebufs = xam.readdump(FILENAME)
self.path = "/all"
return self.send_head()
self.send_error(404, "Invalid path")
return None
x = x.im_func
if isinstance(x, types.FunctionType):
x = sys.get_func_code(x)
if hasattr(x, "__dict__"):
items = x.__dict__.items()
items.sort()
for name, x1 in items:
if type(x1) in (types.MethodType, types.FunctionType, types.CodeType, types.ClassType):
print "Disassembly of %s:" % name
try:
dis(x1)
except TypeError, msg:
print "Sorry:", msg
print
elif hasattr(x, "co_code"):
dismodule.disassemble(x)
elif isinstance(x, str):
dismodule.disassemble_string(x)
else:
raise TypeError, "don't know how to disassemble %s objects" % type(x).__name__
def getargspec(func):
"""Get the names and default values of a function's arguments.
A tuple of four things is returned: (args, varargs, varkw, defaults).
'args' is a list of the argument names (it may contain nested lists).
'varargs' and 'varkw' are the names of the * and ** arguments or None.
'defaults' is an n-tuple of the default values of the last n arguments.
"""
import dis
def square(x):
print "running"
return x*x
dis.disassemble(square.func_code)
# 4 0 LOAD_CONST 1 ('running')
# 3 PRINT_ITEM
# 4 PRINT_NEWLINE
# 5 5 LOAD_FAST 0 (x)
# 8 LOAD_FAST 0 (x)
# 11 BINARY_MULTIPLY
# 12 RETURN_VALUE
import dis
import inspect
import timeit
programs = dict(
loop="""
multiples_of_two = []
for x in range(100):
if x % 2 == 0:
multiples_of_two.append(x)
""",
comprehension='multiples_of_two = [x for x in range(100) if x % 2 == 0]',
)
for name, text in programs.iteritems():
print name, timeit.Timer(stmt=text).timeit()
code = compile(text, '<string>', 'exec')
dis.disassemble(code)