コード例 #1
0
def to_transaction(tx_attr_dict):
    return Transaction(
        tx_attr_dict.nonce, tx_attr_dict.gasPrice, tx_attr_dict.gas,
        normalize_address(tx_attr_dict.to), tx_attr_dict.value,
        codecs.decode(tx_attr_dict.input.replace("0x", ""), 'hex'),
        tx_attr_dict.v, bytes_to_int(tx_attr_dict.r),
        bytes_to_int(tx_attr_dict.s))
コード例 #2
0
ファイル: utils.py プロジェクト: smartcontracts/plasma-mvp
def get_sender(hash, sig):
    v = sig[64]
    if v < 27:
        v += 27
    r = u.bytes_to_int(sig[:32])
    s = u.bytes_to_int(sig[32:64])
    pub = u.ecrecover_to_pub(hash, v, r, s)
    return u.sha3(pub)[-20:]
コード例 #3
0
ファイル: contract.py プロジェクト: haydenadams/research
 def verify_merkle_proof(self, blockhash, tx, proof):
     h = get_sum_hash_of_tx(tx)
     for i in range(0, len(proof) - 1):
         if proof[i][0] == 'left':
             new_value = b''.join([h, proof[i][1]])
         else:
             new_value = b''.join([proof[i][1], h])
         new_sum = int_to_bytes(
             bytes_to_int(h[32:]) + bytes_to_int(proof[i][1][32:])).rjust(
                 8, b"\x00")
         h = b''.join([sha3(new_value), new_sum])
     return h == proof[-1]
コード例 #4
0
ファイル: merkle_proof.py プロジェクト: multitoken/bridge-cli
def transaction(tx_dict: dict) -> transactions.Transaction:
    t = transactions.Transaction(
        utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['nonce']),
        utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['gasPrice']),
        utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['gas']),
        normalize_bytes(tx_dict['to'] or ''),
        utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['value']),
        utils.decode_hex(tx_dict['input']),
        utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['v']),
        utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(tx_dict['r'])),
        utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(tx_dict['s'])),
    )
    if normalize_bytes(tx_dict['hash']) != t.hash:
        raise ValueError(
            "Tx hash does not match. Received invalid transaction?")
    return t
コード例 #5
0
ファイル: proveth.py プロジェクト: lorenzb/proveth
def block_header(block_dict: dict):
    b = block.BlockHeader(
        normalize_bytes(block_dict["parentHash"]),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict["sha3Uncles"]),
        utils.normalize_address(block_dict["miner"]),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict["stateRoot"]),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict["transactionsRoot"]),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict["receiptsRoot"]),
        utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(block_dict["logsBloom"])),
        utils.parse_as_int(block_dict['difficulty']),
        utils.parse_as_int(block_dict['number']),
        utils.parse_as_int(block_dict['gasLimit']),
        utils.parse_as_int(block_dict['gasUsed']),
        utils.parse_as_int(block_dict['timestamp']),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict["extraData"]),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict["mixHash"]),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict["nonce"]),
    )
    if normalize_bytes(block_dict["hash"]) != b.hash:
        raise ValueError(
            """Blockhash does not match.
            Received invalid block header? {} vs {}""".format(
                str(normalize_bytes(block_dict["hash"])),
                str(b.hash)))
    return b
コード例 #6
0
 def verify_block(block_info):
     # verify the difficulty
     if utils.parse_as_int(block_info['difficulty']) < 10000000:
         return False
     if int(normalize_bytes(block_info["nonce"]).hex(), 16) * utils.parse_as_int(block_info['difficulty']) \
             > pow(2, 256):
         return False
     # get block header from block info
     header = block.BlockHeader(
         normalize_bytes(block_info["parentHash"]),
         normalize_bytes(block_info["sha3Uncles"]),
         utils.normalize_address(block_info["miner"]),
         normalize_bytes(block_info["stateRoot"]),
         normalize_bytes(block_info["transactionsRoot"]),
         normalize_bytes(block_info["receiptsRoot"]),
         utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(block_info["logsBloom"])),
         utils.parse_as_int(block_info['difficulty']),
         utils.parse_as_int(block_info['number']),
         utils.parse_as_int(block_info['gasLimit']),
         utils.parse_as_int(block_info['gasUsed']),
         utils.parse_as_int(block_info['timestamp']),
         normalize_bytes(block_info["extraData"]),
         normalize_bytes(block_info["mixHash"]),
         normalize_bytes(block_info["nonce"]),
     )
     # calculate the block hash
     # compare the block hash with trusted block hash
     if normalize_bytes(block_info.hash) != header.hash:
         return False
     else:
         return True
コード例 #7
0
ファイル: tx_tree_utils.py プロジェクト: haydenadams/research
def construct_tree(db, nodes):
    if len(nodes) < 2:
        return nodes[0]
    remaining_nodes = []
    for i in range(0, len(nodes), 2):
        if i+1 == len(nodes):
            remaining_nodes.append(nodes[i])
            break
        new_value = b''.join([nodes[i], nodes[i+1]])
        new_sum = int_to_bytes(bytes_to_int(nodes[i+1][32:]) + bytes_to_int(nodes[i][32:])).rjust(8, b"\x00")
        new_hash = b''.join([sha3(new_value), new_sum])
        print('Left:', encode_hex(nodes[i]), 'parent:', encode_hex(new_hash))
        print('Right:', encode_hex(nodes[i+1]), 'parent:', encode_hex(new_hash))
        db.put(new_hash, new_value)
        remaining_nodes.append(new_hash)
    return construct_tree(db, remaining_nodes)
コード例 #8
0
 def rlp_transaction(tx_dict: dict):
     t = transactions.Transaction(
         utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['nonce']),
         utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['gasPrice']),
         utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['gas']),
         normalize_bytes(tx_dict['to'] or ''),
         utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['value']),
         utils.decode_hex(tx_dict['input']),
         utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['v']),
         utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(tx_dict['r'])),
         utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(tx_dict['s'])),
     )
     if normalize_bytes(tx_dict['hash']) != t.hash:
         print("False transaction hash")
         return None
     return rlp.encode(t)
コード例 #9
0
ファイル: tx_tree_utils.py プロジェクト: haydenadams/research
 def follow_path(node, total_offset, target):
     print(node)
     if is_json(node):
         return node
     left_sum = bytes_to_int(node[32:40])
     if left_sum + total_offset > target:
         return follow_path(db.get(node[0:40]), total_offset, target)
     else:
         return follow_path(db.get(node[40:]), total_offset + left_sum, target)
コード例 #10
0
ファイル: tx_tree_utils.py プロジェクト: haydenadams/research
 def follow_path(node, total_offset, target):
     node_value = db.get(node)
     if is_json(node_value):
         return node_value
     left_sum = bytes_to_int(node_value[32:40])
     if left_sum + total_offset > target:
         proof.insert(0, ('left', node_value[40:]))
         return follow_path(node_value[0:40], total_offset, target)
     else:
         proof.insert(0, ('right', node_value[0:40]))
         return follow_path(node_value[40:], total_offset + left_sum, target)
コード例 #11
0
def rlp_transaction(tx_dict: dict):
    t = transactions.Transaction(
        utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['nonce']),
        utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['gasPrice']),
        utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['gas']),
        normalize_bytes(tx_dict['to'] or ''),
        utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['value']),
        utils.decode_hex(tx_dict['input']),
        utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['v']),
        utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(tx_dict['r'])),
        utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(tx_dict['s'])),
    )
    if normalize_bytes(tx_dict['hash']) != t.hash:
        raise ValueError(
            """Tx hash does not match. Received invalid transaction?
        hashes:         {} {}
        nonce:          {}
        gasPrice:       {}
        gas:            {}
        to:             {}
        value:          {}
        input:          {}
        v:              {}
        r:              {}
        s:              {}
        """.format(
                tx_dict['hash'],
                t.hash,
                utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['nonce']),
                utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['gasPrice']),
                utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['gas']),
                normalize_bytes(tx_dict['to'] or ''),
                utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['value']),
                utils.decode_hex(tx_dict['input']),
                utils.parse_as_int(tx_dict['v']),
                utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(tx_dict['r'])),
                utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(tx_dict['s'])),
            ))
    return rlp.encode(t)
コード例 #12
0
def to_blockheader(block_attr_dict):
    return BlockHeader(bytes(block_attr_dict.parentHash),
                       bytes(block_attr_dict.sha3Uncles),
                       normalize_address(block_attr_dict.miner),
                       bytes(block_attr_dict.stateRoot),
                       bytes(block_attr_dict.transactionsRoot),
                       bytes(block_attr_dict.receiptsRoot),
                       bytes_to_int(bytes(block_attr_dict.logsBloom)),
                       block_attr_dict.difficulty, block_attr_dict.number,
                       block_attr_dict.gasLimit, block_attr_dict.gasUsed,
                       block_attr_dict.timestamp,
                       bytes(block_attr_dict.extraData),
                       bytes(block_attr_dict.mixHash),
                       bytes(block_attr_dict.nonce))
コード例 #13
0
ファイル: valcodes.py プロジェクト: ChihChengLiang/mvp-pool
def generate_pure_ecrecover_LLL_source(address):
    return [
        'seq',
        [
            'return', [0],
            [
                'lll',
                [
                    'seq', ['calldatacopy', 0, 0, 128],
                    ['call', 3000, 1, 0, 0, 128, 0, 32],
                    ['mstore', 0, ['eq', ['mload', 0],
                                   bytes_to_int(address)]], ['return', 0, 32]
                ], [0]
            ]
        ]
    ]
コード例 #14
0
def format_LLL_source(address, expression):
    return [
        'seq',
        ['return', [0],
            ['lll',
                ['seq',
                    expression,  # impure_expression goes here
                    ['calldatacopy', 0, 0, 128],
                    ['call', 3000, 1, 0, 0, 128, 0, 32],
                    ['mstore',
                        0,
                        ['eq',
                            ['mload', 0],
                            bytes_to_int(address)]],
                    ['return', 0, 32]],
                [0]]]
    ]
コード例 #15
0
ファイル: merkle_proof.py プロジェクト: multitoken/bridge-cli
def receipt(receipt_dict: dict) -> messages.Receipt:
    logs = [
        Log(utils.normalize_address(l['address']),
            [utils.parse_as_int(t.hex()) for t in l['topics']],
            utils.decode_hex(l['data'])) for l in receipt_dict['logs']
    ]
    root = receipt_dict.get('root')
    if root:
        state_root = normalize_bytes(root)
    elif receipt_dict['status'] == 1:
        state_root = bytes([1])
    else:
        state_root = bytes()
    r = messages.Receipt(
        state_root,
        utils.parse_as_int(receipt_dict['cumulativeGasUsed']),
        utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(receipt_dict['logsBloom'])),
        logs,
    )
    return r
コード例 #16
0
def main():
    args = get_args()
    if args.verbose:
        logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

    from_network = settings.NETWORK_CONFIG[args.source]
    web3_from = Web3(HTTPProvider(endpoint_uri=from_network['url'],
                                  request_kwargs={'timeout': settings.DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT}))
    web3_from.middleware_stack.inject(geth_poa_middleware, layer=0)

    to_network = settings.NETWORK_CONFIG[args.dest]
    web3_to = Web3(HTTPProvider(endpoint_uri=to_network['url'],
                                request_kwargs={'timeout': settings.DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT}))

    block_to_relay = args.start
    latest_block = web3_from.eth.blockNumber
    bridge_contract = BridgeContract(to_network['peaceRelayAddress'], web3_to)

    while True:
        if block_to_relay < latest_block - settings.BLOCKS_OFFSET:
            logger.info('Relaying {}'.format(block_to_relay))
            w3_block = dict(web3_from.eth.getBlock(block_to_relay))
            poa_data = w3_block.get('proofOfAuthorityData')
            if poa_data:
                w3_block['extraData'] = poa_data
            block = merkle_proof.block_header(w3_block)
            raw_txn = bridge_contract.submit_block(bytes_to_int(block.hash), rlp.encode(block))
            raw_txn['nonce'] = web3_to.eth.getTransactionCount(privtoaddr(settings.PRIVATE_KEY))
            raw_txn['gas'] = 200000
            signed_txn = web3_to.eth.account.signTransaction(raw_txn, private_key=settings.PRIVATE_KEY)
            txn_hash = encode_hex(web3_to.eth.sendRawTransaction(signed_txn.rawTransaction))
            txn_info = web3_to.eth.getTransaction(txn_hash)
            while txn_info is None or txn_info.blockNumber is None:
                time.sleep(1)
                txn_info = web3_to.eth.getTransaction(txn_hash)
            logger.info('Successfully relayed block {} in txn {}'.format(block_to_relay, txn_hash))
            block_to_relay += 1
        else:
            time.sleep(1)
            latest_block = web3_from.eth.blockNumber
コード例 #17
0
ファイル: merkle_proof.py プロジェクト: multitoken/bridge-cli
def block_header(block_dict: dict) -> block.BlockHeader:
    b = block.BlockHeader(
        normalize_bytes(block_dict['parentHash']),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict['sha3Uncles']),
        utils.normalize_address(block_dict['miner']),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict['stateRoot']),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict['transactionsRoot']),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict['receiptsRoot']),
        utils.bytes_to_int(normalize_bytes(block_dict['logsBloom'])),
        utils.parse_as_int(block_dict['difficulty']),
        utils.parse_as_int(block_dict['number']),
        utils.parse_as_int(block_dict['gasLimit']),
        utils.parse_as_int(block_dict['gasUsed']),
        utils.parse_as_int(block_dict['timestamp']),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict['extraData']),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict['mixHash']),
        normalize_bytes(block_dict['nonce']),
    )
    if normalize_bytes(block_dict['hash']) != b.hash:
        raise ValueError(
            'Blockhash does not match. Received invalid block header?')
    return b
コード例 #18
0
ファイル: fastvm.py プロジェクト: wub11/pyetherum
def preprocess_code(code):
    assert isinstance(code, bytes)
    lencode = len(code)
    code = memoryview(code + b'\x00' * 32).tolist()
    outdict = {}
    cur_start = 0
    ops = []
    i = 0
    stack = 0
    minstack = 0
    maxstack = 0
    gascost = 0
    while i < lencode:
        o = opcodes.opcodes.get(code[i], ['INVALID', 0, 0, 0])
        if i > cur_start and o[0] in ('JUMPDEST', 'PC'):
            outdict[cur_start] = (ops, minstack, 1024 - maxstack, gascost, i)
            cur_start = i
            ops = []
            minstack, maxstack, stack, gascost = 0, 0, 0, 0
        ops.append([o[0], code[i], 0])
        if o[0][:4] == 'PUSH':
            pushlen = int(o[0][4:])
            ops[-1][2] = utils.bytes_to_int(code[i + 1:i + pushlen + 1])
            i += pushlen
        minstack = max(o[1] - stack, minstack)
        stack += o[2] - o[1]
        maxstack = max(stack, maxstack)
        gascost += o[3]
        if o[0] in break_list:
            outdict[cur_start] = (ops, minstack, 1024 - maxstack, gascost,
                                  i + 1)
            cur_start = i + 1
            ops = []
            minstack, maxstack, stack, gascost = 0, 0, 0, 0
        i += 1
    if ops:
        outdict[cur_start] = (ops, minstack, 1024 - maxstack, gascost, i)
    return outdict
コード例 #19
0
ファイル: fastvm.py プロジェクト: wub11/pyetherum
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
    # precompute trace flag
    # if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
    trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')

    compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
    stk = compustate.stack
    mem = compustate.memory

    if code in code_cache:
        processed_code = code_cache[code]
    else:
        processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
        code_cache[code] = processed_code
        # print(processed_code.keys(), code)

    codelen = len(code)

    s = time.time()
    steps = 0
    _prevop = None  # for trace only

    while compustate.pc in processed_code:
        ops, minstack, maxstack, totgas, nextpos = processed_code[
            compustate.pc]

        if len(compustate.stack) < minstack:
            return vm_exception('INSUFFICIENT STACK')
        if len(compustate.stack) > maxstack:
            return vm_exception('STACK SIZE LIMIT EXCEEDED')
        if totgas > compustate.gas:
            return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS %d %d' % (totgas, compustate.gas))
        jumped = False

        compustate.gas -= totgas
        compustate.pc = nextpos

        # Invalid operation; can only come at the end of a chunk
        if ops[-1][0] == 'INVALID':
            return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=ops[-1][1])

        for op, opcode, pushval in ops:

            if trace_vm:
                """
                This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
                only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
                i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
                like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
                """
                trace_data = {}
                trace_data['stack'] = list(
                    map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
                if _prevop in ('MLOAD', 'MSTORE', 'MSTORE8', 'SHA3', 'CALL',
                               'CALLCODE', 'CREATE', 'CALLDATACOPY',
                               'CODECOPY', 'EXTCODECOPY'):
                    if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
                        trace_data['memory'] = \
                            ''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
                                     in compustate.memory])
                    else:
                        trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
                            encode_hex(utils.sha3(b''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
                                                            x in compustate.memory])))
                if _prevop in ('SSTORE', ) or steps == 0:
                    trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
                trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + totgas)
                trace_data['inst'] = opcode
                trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
                if steps == 0:
                    trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
                    trace_data['address'] = msg.to
                trace_data['steps'] = steps
                trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
                if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
                    trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
                log_vm_op.trace('vm', op=op, **trace_data)
                steps += 1
                _prevop = op

            # Valid operations
            # Pushes first because they are very frequent
            if 0x60 <= opcode <= 0x7f:
                # compustate.pc += opcode - 0x5f # Move 1 byte forward for
                # 0x60, up to 32 bytes for 0x7f
                stk.append(pushval)
            elif opcode < 0x10:
                if op == 'STOP':
                    return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
                elif op == 'ADD':
                    stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
                elif op == 'SUB':
                    stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
                elif op == 'MUL':
                    stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
                elif op == 'DIV':
                    s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
                elif op == 'MOD':
                    s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
                elif op == 'SDIV':
                    s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
                        stk.pop())
                    stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
                                                  (-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1))
                               & TT256M1)
                elif op == 'SMOD':
                    s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
                        stk.pop())
                    stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
                                                  (-1 if s0 < 0 else 1))
                               & TT256M1)
                elif op == 'ADDMOD':
                    s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
                elif op == 'MULMOD':
                    s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
                elif op == 'EXP':
                    base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    # fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
                    # calc n bytes to represent exponent
                    nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
                    expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
                    if ext.post_clearing_hardfork():
                        expfee += opcodes.EXP_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS * nbytes
                    if compustate.gas < expfee:
                        compustate.gas = 0
                        return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
                    compustate.gas -= expfee
                    stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
                elif op == 'SIGNEXTEND':
                    s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    if s0 <= 31:
                        testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
                        if s1 & (1 << testbit):
                            stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
                        else:
                            stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
                    else:
                        stk.append(s1)
            elif opcode < 0x20:
                if op == 'LT':
                    stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
                elif op == 'GT':
                    stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
                elif op == 'SLT':
                    s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
                        stk.pop())
                    stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
                elif op == 'SGT':
                    s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
                        stk.pop())
                    stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
                elif op == 'EQ':
                    stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
                elif op == 'ISZERO':
                    stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
                elif op == 'AND':
                    stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
                elif op == 'OR':
                    stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
                elif op == 'XOR':
                    stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
                elif op == 'NOT':
                    stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
                elif op == 'BYTE':
                    s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    if s0 >= 32:
                        stk.append(0)
                    else:
                        stk.append((s1 // 256**(31 - s0)) % 256)
            elif opcode < 0x40:
                if op == 'SHA3':
                    s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * \
                        (utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
                    if compustate.gas < 0:
                        return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
                    if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
                        return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                    data = bytearray_to_bytestr(mem[s0:s0 + s1])
                    stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
                elif op == 'ADDRESS':
                    stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
                elif op == 'BALANCE':
                    if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
                        if not eat_gas(compustate,
                                       opcodes.BALANCE_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
                            return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
                    addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
                    stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
                elif op == 'ORIGIN':
                    stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
                elif op == 'CALLER':
                    stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
                elif op == 'CALLVALUE':
                    stk.append(msg.value)
                elif op == 'CALLDATALOAD':
                    stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
                elif op == 'CALLDATASIZE':
                    stk.append(msg.data.size)
                elif op == 'CALLDATACOPY':
                    mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
                        return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                    if not data_copy(compustate, size):
                        return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
                    msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
                elif op == 'CODESIZE':
                    stk.append(len(code))
                elif op == 'CODECOPY':
                    mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
                        return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                    if not data_copy(compustate, size):
                        return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
                    for i in range(size):
                        if dstart + i < len(code):
                            mem[mstart + i] = utils.safe_ord(code[dstart + i])
                        else:
                            mem[mstart + i] = 0
                elif op == 'RETURNDATACOPY':
                    mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
                        return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                    if not data_copy(compustate, size):
                        return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
                    if dstart + size > len(compustate.last_returned):
                        return vm_exception('RETURNDATACOPY out of range')
                    mem[mstart:mstart + size] = compustate.last_returned
                elif op == 'RETURNDATASIZE':
                    stk.append(len(compustate.last_returned))
                elif op == 'GASPRICE':
                    stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
                elif op == 'EXTCODESIZE':
                    if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
                        if not eat_gas(compustate,
                                       opcodes.EXTCODELOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
                            return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
                    addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
                    stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
                elif op == 'EXTCODECOPY':
                    if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
                        if not eat_gas(compustate,
                                       opcodes.EXTCODELOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
                            return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
                    addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
                    start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
                    assert utils.is_string(extcode)
                    if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
                        return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                    if not data_copy(compustate, size):
                        return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
                    for i in range(size):
                        if s2 + i < len(extcode):
                            mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
                        else:
                            mem[start + i] = 0
            elif opcode < 0x50:
                if op == 'BLOCKHASH':
                    if ext.post_metropolis_hardfork() and False:
                        bh_addr = ext.blockhash_store
                        stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(bh_addr, stk.pop()))
                    else:
                        stk.append(
                            utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
                elif op == 'COINBASE':
                    stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
                elif op == 'TIMESTAMP':
                    stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
                elif op == 'NUMBER':
                    stk.append(ext.block_number)
                elif op == 'DIFFICULTY':
                    stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
                elif op == 'GASLIMIT':
                    stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
            elif opcode < 0x60:
                if op == 'POP':
                    stk.pop()
                elif op == 'MLOAD':
                    s0 = stk.pop()
                    if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
                        return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                    stk.append(utils.bytes_to_int(mem[s0:s0 + 32]))
                elif op == 'MSTORE':
                    s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
                        return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                    mem[s0:s0 + 32] = utils.encode_int32(s1)
                elif op == 'MSTORE8':
                    s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
                        return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                    mem[s0] = s1 % 256
                elif op == 'SLOAD':
                    if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
                        if not eat_gas(compustate,
                                       opcodes.SLOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
                            return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
                    stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
                elif op == 'SSTORE':
                    s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    if msg.static:
                        return vm_exception(
                            'Cannot SSTORE inside a static context')
                    if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
                        gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
                        refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
                    else:
                        gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
                        refund = 0
                    if compustate.gas < gascost:
                        return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
                    compustate.gas -= gascost
                    # adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
                    ext.add_refund(refund)
                    ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
                elif op == 'JUMP':
                    compustate.pc = stk.pop()
                    opnew = code[
                        compustate.pc] if compustate.pc < codelen else 0
                    jumped = True
                    if opnew != JUMPDEST:
                        return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
                elif op == 'JUMPI':
                    s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    if s1:
                        compustate.pc = s0
                        opnew = code[
                            compustate.pc] if compustate.pc < codelen else 0
                        jumped = True
                        if opnew != JUMPDEST:
                            return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
                elif op == 'PC':
                    stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
                elif op == 'MSIZE':
                    stk.append(len(mem))
                elif op == 'GAS':
                    stk.append(compustate.gas)  # AFTER subtracting cost 1
            elif op[:3] == 'DUP':
                # 0x7f - opcode is a negative number, -1 for 0x80 ... -16 for
                # 0x8f
                stk.append(stk[0x7f - opcode])
            elif op[:4] == 'SWAP':
                # 0x8e - opcode is a negative number, -2 for 0x90 ... -17 for
                # 0x9f
                temp = stk[0x8e - opcode]
                stk[0x8e - opcode] = stk[-1]
                stk[-1] = temp

            elif op[:3] == 'LOG':
                """
                0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
                a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
                        MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
                b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
                   (except as an ordered list, not a set).
                   Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
                   * address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
                   * data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
                   * topics are as provided by the opcode
                c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
                """
                depth = int(op[3:])
                mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
                compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
                if msg.static:
                    return vm_exception('Cannot LOG inside a static context')
                if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
                    return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                data = bytearray_to_bytestr(mem[mstart:mstart + msz])
                ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
                log_log.trace('LOG',
                              to=msg.to,
                              topics=topics,
                              data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
                # print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))

            elif op == 'CREATE':
                value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
                    return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                if msg.static:
                    return vm_exception(
                        'Cannot CREATE inside a static context')
                if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < MAX_DEPTH:
                    cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
                    ingas = compustate.gas
                    if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
                        ingas = all_but_1n(ingas,
                                           opcodes.CALL_CHILD_LIMIT_DENOM)
                    create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, ingas, cd,
                                         msg.depth + 1)
                    o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
                    if o:
                        stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
                    else:
                        stk.append(0)
                    compustate.gas = compustate.gas - ingas + gas
                else:
                    stk.append(0)
            elif op in ('CALL', 'CALLCODE', 'DELEGATECALL', 'STATICCALL'):
                # Pull arguments from the stack
                if op in ('CALL', 'CALLCODE'):
                    gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
                        stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                else:
                    gas, to, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
                        stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                    value = 0
                # Static context prohibition
                if msg.static and value > 0:
                    return vm_exception(
                        'Cannot make a non-zero-value call inside a static context'
                    )
                # Expand memory
                if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
                        not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
                    return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                to = utils.int_to_addr(to)
                # Extra gas costs based on hard fork-dependent factors
                extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * (op == 'CALL') * (value > 0 or not ext.post_clearing_hardfork()) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
                    (value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER + \
                    ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork() * opcodes.CALL_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS
                # Compute child gas limit
                if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
                    if compustate.gas < extra_gas:
                        return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=extra_gas)
                    gas = min(
                        gas,
                        all_but_1n(compustate.gas - extra_gas,
                                   opcodes.CALL_CHILD_LIMIT_DENOM))
                else:
                    if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
                        return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS',
                                            needed=gas + extra_gas)
                submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
                # Verify that there is sufficient balance and depth
                if ext.get_balance(msg.to) < value or msg.depth >= MAX_DEPTH:
                    compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
                    stk.append(0)
                else:
                    # Subtract gas from parent
                    compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
                    assert compustate.gas >= 0
                    cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
                    # Generate the message
                    if op == 'CALL':
                        call_msg = Message(msg.to,
                                           to,
                                           value,
                                           submsg_gas,
                                           cd,
                                           msg.depth + 1,
                                           code_address=to,
                                           static=msg.static)
                    elif ext.post_homestead_hardfork(
                    ) and op == 'DELEGATECALL':
                        call_msg = Message(msg.sender,
                                           msg.to,
                                           msg.value,
                                           submsg_gas,
                                           cd,
                                           msg.depth + 1,
                                           code_address=to,
                                           transfers_value=False,
                                           static=msg.static)
                    elif op == 'DELEGATECALL':
                        return vm_exception('OPCODE INACTIVE')
                    elif op == 'CALLCODE':
                        call_msg = Message(msg.to,
                                           msg.to,
                                           value,
                                           submsg_gas,
                                           cd,
                                           msg.depth + 1,
                                           code_address=to,
                                           static=msg.static)
                    elif op == 'STATICCALL':
                        call_msg = Message(msg.to,
                                           to,
                                           value,
                                           submsg_gas,
                                           cd,
                                           msg.depth + 1,
                                           code_address=to,
                                           static=True)
                    else:
                        raise Exception("Lolwut")
                    # Get result
                    result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
                    if result == 0:
                        stk.append(0)
                    else:
                        stk.append(1)
                    # Set output memory
                    for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
                        mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
                    compustate.gas += gas
                    compustate.last_returned = bytearray(data)
            elif op == 'RETURN':
                s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
                    return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
            elif op == 'REVERT':
                if not ext.post_metropolis_hardfork():
                    return vm_exception('Opcode not yet enabled')
                s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
                if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
                    return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
                return revert(compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
            elif op == 'SUICIDE':
                if msg.static:
                    return vm_exception(
                        'Cannot SUICIDE inside a static context')
                to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
                to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
                xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
                if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
                    extra_gas = opcodes.SUICIDE_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS + \
                        (not ext.account_exists(
                            to)) * (xfer > 0 or not ext.post_clearing_hardfork()) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT
                    if not eat_gas(compustate, extra_gas):
                        return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
                ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
                ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
                ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
                log_msg.debug('SUICIDING',
                              addr=utils.checksum_encode(msg.to),
                              to=utils.checksum_encode(to),
                              xferring=xfer)
                return 1, compustate.gas, []

            # assert utils.is_numeric(compustate.gas)
            # this is slow!
            # for a in stk:
            #     assert is_numeric(a), (op, stk)
            #     assert a >= 0 and a < 2**256, (a, op, stk)
        # if not jumped:
        #    assert compustate.pc == nextpos
        #    compustate.pc = nextpos
    if compustate.pc >= codelen:
        return peaceful_exit('CODE OUT OF RANGE', compustate.gas, [])
    return vm_exception('INVALID JUMP')