コード例 #1
0
ファイル: base.py プロジェクト: stschwar/scion
class PathServer(SCIONElement, metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """
    The SCION Path Server.
    """
    SERVICE_TYPE = PATH_SERVICE
    MAX_SEG_NO = 5  # TODO: replace by config variable.
    # ZK path for incoming PATHs
    ZK_PATH_CACHE_PATH = "path_cache"
    # ZK path for incoming REVs
    ZK_REV_CACHE_PATH = "rev_cache"
    # Max number of segments per propagation packet
    PROP_LIMIT = 5
    # Max number of segments per ZK cache entry
    ZK_SHARE_LIMIT = 10
    # Time to store revocations in zookeeper
    ZK_REV_OBJ_MAX_AGE = HASHTREE_EPOCH_TIME
    # TTL of segments in the queue for ZK (in seconds)
    SEGS_TO_ZK_TTL = 10 * 60

    def __init__(self,
                 server_id,
                 conf_dir,
                 spki_cache_dir=GEN_CACHE_PATH,
                 prom_export=None):
        """
        :param str server_id: server identifier.
        :param str conf_dir: configuration directory.
        :param str prom_export: prometheus export address.
        """
        super().__init__(server_id,
                         conf_dir,
                         spki_cache_dir=spki_cache_dir,
                         prom_export=prom_export)
        self.config = self._load_as_conf()
        down_labels = {
            **self._labels, "type": "down"
        } if self._labels else None
        core_labels = {
            **self._labels, "type": "core"
        } if self._labels else None
        self.down_segments = PathSegmentDB(max_res_no=self.MAX_SEG_NO,
                                           labels=down_labels)
        self.core_segments = PathSegmentDB(max_res_no=self.MAX_SEG_NO,
                                           labels=core_labels)
        # Dict of pending requests.
        self.pending_req = defaultdict(
            lambda: ExpiringDict(1000, PATH_REQ_TOUT))
        self.pen_req_lock = threading.Lock()
        self._request_logger = None
        # Used when l/cPS doesn't have up/dw-path.
        self.waiting_targets = defaultdict(list)
        self.revocations = RevCache(labels=self._labels)
        # A mapping from (hash tree root of AS, IFID) to segments
        self.htroot_if2seg = ExpiringDict(1000,
                                          self.config.revocation_tree_ttl)
        self.htroot_if2seglock = Lock()
        self.CTRL_PLD_CLASS_MAP = {
            PayloadClass.PATH: {
                PMT.IFSTATE_INFOS: self.handle_ifstate_infos,
                PMT.REQUEST: self.path_resolution,
                PMT.REPLY: self.handle_path_reply,
                PMT.REG: self.handle_seg_recs,
                PMT.REVOCATION: self._handle_revocation,
                PMT.SYNC: self.handle_seg_recs,
            },
            PayloadClass.CERT: {
                CertMgmtType.CERT_CHAIN_REQ: self.process_cert_chain_request,
                CertMgmtType.CERT_CHAIN_REPLY: self.process_cert_chain_reply,
                CertMgmtType.TRC_REPLY: self.process_trc_reply,
                CertMgmtType.TRC_REQ: self.process_trc_request,
            },
        }
        self.SCMP_PLD_CLASS_MAP = {
            SCMPClass.PATH: {
                SCMPPathClass.REVOKED_IF: self._handle_scmp_revocation,
            },
        }
        self._segs_to_zk = ExpiringDict(1000, self.SEGS_TO_ZK_TTL)
        self._revs_to_zk = ExpiringDict(1000, HASHTREE_EPOCH_TIME)
        self._zkid = ZkID.from_values(self.addr.isd_as, self.id,
                                      [(self.addr.host, self._port)])
        self.zk = Zookeeper(self.topology.isd_as, PATH_SERVICE,
                            self._zkid.copy().pack(), self.topology.zookeepers)
        self.zk.retry("Joining party", self.zk.party_setup)
        self.path_cache = ZkSharedCache(self.zk, self.ZK_PATH_CACHE_PATH,
                                        self._handle_paths_from_zk)
        self.rev_cache = ZkSharedCache(self.zk, self.ZK_REV_CACHE_PATH,
                                       self._rev_entries_handler)
        self._init_request_logger()

    def worker(self):
        """
        Worker thread that takes care of reading shared paths from ZK, and
        handling master election for core servers.
        """
        worker_cycle = 1.0
        start = SCIONTime.get_time()
        while self.run_flag.is_set():
            sleep_interval(start, worker_cycle, "cPS.worker cycle",
                           self._quiet_startup())
            start = SCIONTime.get_time()
            try:
                self.zk.wait_connected()
                self.path_cache.process()
                self.rev_cache.process()
                # Try to become a master.
                ret = self.zk.get_lock(lock_timeout=0, conn_timeout=0)
                if ret:  # Either got the lock, or already had it.
                    if ret == ZK_LOCK_SUCCESS:
                        logging.info("Became master")
                    self.path_cache.expire(self.config.propagation_time * 10)
                    self.rev_cache.expire(self.ZK_REV_OBJ_MAX_AGE)
            except ZkNoConnection:
                logging.warning('worker(): ZkNoConnection')
                pass
            self._update_master()
            self._propagate_and_sync()
            self._handle_pending_requests()
            self._update_metrics()

    def _update_master(self):
        pass

    def _rev_entries_handler(self, raw_entries):
        for raw in raw_entries:
            rev_info = RevocationInfo.from_raw(raw)
            try:
                rev_info.validate()
            except SCIONBaseError as e:
                logging.warning("Failed to validate RevInfo from zk: %s\n%s",
                                e, rev_info.short_desc())
                continue
            self._remove_revoked_segments(rev_info)

    def _add_rev_mappings(self, pcb):
        """
        Add if revocation token to segment ID mappings.
        """
        segment_id = pcb.get_hops_hash()
        with self.htroot_if2seglock:
            for asm in pcb.iter_asms():
                hof = asm.pcbm(0).hof()
                egress_h = (asm.p.hashTreeRoot, hof.egress_if)
                self.htroot_if2seg.setdefault(egress_h, set()).add(segment_id)
                ingress_h = (asm.p.hashTreeRoot, hof.ingress_if)
                self.htroot_if2seg.setdefault(ingress_h, set()).add(segment_id)

    @abstractmethod
    def _handle_up_segment_record(self, pcb, **kwargs):
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def _handle_down_segment_record(self, pcb, **kwargs):
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def _handle_core_segment_record(self, pcb, **kwargs):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def _add_segment(self, pcb, seg_db, name, reverse=False):
        res = seg_db.update(pcb, reverse=reverse)
        if res == DBResult.ENTRY_ADDED:
            self._add_rev_mappings(pcb)
            logging.info("%s-Segment registered: %s", name, pcb.short_id())
            return True
        elif res == DBResult.ENTRY_UPDATED:
            self._add_rev_mappings(pcb)
            logging.debug("%s-Segment updated: %s", name, pcb.short_id())
        return False

    def handle_ifstate_infos(self, cpld, meta):
        """
        Handles IFStateInfos.

        :param IFStatePayload infos: The state info objects.
        """
        pmgt = cpld.union
        infos = pmgt.union
        assert isinstance(infos, IFStatePayload), type(infos)
        for info in infos.iter_infos():
            if not info.p.active and info.p.revInfo:
                rev_info = info.rev_info()
                try:
                    rev_info.validate()
                except SCIONBaseError as e:
                    logging.warning(
                        "Failed to validate IFStateInfo RevInfo from %s: %s\n%s",
                        meta, e, rev_info.short_desc())
                    continue
                self._handle_revocation(CtrlPayload(PathMgmt(info.rev_info())),
                                        meta)

    def _handle_scmp_revocation(self, pld, meta):
        rev_info = RevocationInfo.from_raw(pld.info.rev_info)
        try:
            rev_info.validate()
        except SCIONBaseError as e:
            logging.warning("Failed to validate SCMP RevInfo from %s: %s\n%s",
                            meta, e, rev_info.short_desc())
            return
        self._handle_revocation(CtrlPayload(PathMgmt(rev_info)), meta)

    def _handle_revocation(self, cpld, meta):
        """
        Handles a revocation of a segment, interface or hop.

        :param rev_info: The RevocationInfo object.
        """
        pmgt = cpld.union
        rev_info = pmgt.union
        assert isinstance(rev_info, RevocationInfo), type(rev_info)
        # Validate before checking for presense in self.revocations, as that will trigger an assert
        # failure if the rev_info is invalid.
        try:
            rev_info.validate()
        except SCIONBaseError as e:
            # Validation already done in the IFStateInfo and SCMP paths, so a failure here means
            # it's from a CtrlPld.
            logging.warning(
                "Failed to validate CtrlPld RevInfo from %s: %s\n%s", meta, e,
                rev_info.short_desc())
            return

        if rev_info in self.revocations:
            return
        logging.debug("Received revocation from %s: %s", meta,
                      rev_info.short_desc())
        try:
            rev_info.validate()
        except SCIONBaseError as e:
            logging.warning("Failed to validate RevInfo from %s: %s", meta, e)
            return
        if meta.ia[0] != self.addr.isd_as[0]:
            logging.info(
                "Dropping revocation received from a different ISD. Src: %s RevInfo: %s"
                % (meta, rev_info.short_desc()))
            return
        self.revocations.add(rev_info)
        self._revs_to_zk[rev_info] = rev_info.copy().pack(
        )  # have to pack copy
        # Remove segments that contain the revoked interface.
        self._remove_revoked_segments(rev_info)
        # Forward revocation to other path servers.
        self._forward_revocation(rev_info, meta)

    def _remove_revoked_segments(self, rev_info):
        """
        Try the previous and next hashes as possible astokens,
        and delete any segment that matches

        :param rev_info: The revocation info
        :type rev_info: RevocationInfo
        """
        if ConnectedHashTree.verify_epoch(
                rev_info.p.epoch) != ConnectedHashTree.EPOCH_OK:
            return
        (hash01, hash12) = ConnectedHashTree.get_possible_hashes(rev_info)
        if_id = rev_info.p.ifID

        with self.htroot_if2seglock:
            down_segs_removed = 0
            core_segs_removed = 0
            up_segs_removed = 0
            for h in (hash01, hash12):
                for sid in self.htroot_if2seg.pop((h, if_id), []):
                    if self.down_segments.delete(
                            sid) == DBResult.ENTRY_DELETED:
                        down_segs_removed += 1
                    if self.core_segments.delete(
                            sid) == DBResult.ENTRY_DELETED:
                        core_segs_removed += 1
                    if not self.topology.is_core_as:
                        if (self.up_segments.delete(sid) ==
                                DBResult.ENTRY_DELETED):
                            up_segs_removed += 1
            logging.debug(
                "Removed segments revoked by [%s]: UP: %d DOWN: %d CORE: %d" %
                (rev_info.short_desc(), up_segs_removed, down_segs_removed,
                 core_segs_removed))

    @abstractmethod
    def _forward_revocation(self, rev_info, meta):
        """
        Forwards a revocation to other path servers that need to be notified.

        :param rev_info: The RevInfo object.
        :param meta: The MessageMeta object.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def _send_path_segments(self,
                            req,
                            req_id,
                            meta,
                            logger,
                            up=None,
                            core=None,
                            down=None):
        """
        Sends path-segments to requester (depending on Path Server's location).
        """
        up = up or set()
        core = core or set()
        down = down or set()
        all_segs = up | core | down
        if not all_segs:
            logger.warning("No segments to send for request: %s from: %s" %
                           (req.short_desc(), meta))
            return
        revs_to_add = self._peer_revs_for_segs(all_segs)
        recs = PathSegmentRecords.from_values(
            {
                PST.UP: up,
                PST.CORE: core,
                PST.DOWN: down
            }, revs_to_add)
        pld = PathSegmentReply.from_values(req.copy(), recs)
        self.send_meta(CtrlPayload(PathMgmt(pld), req_id=req_id), meta)
        logger.info("Sending PATH_REPLY with %d segment(s).", len(all_segs))

    def _peer_revs_for_segs(self, segs):
        """Returns a list of peer revocations for segments in 'segs'."""
        def _handle_one_seg(seg):
            for asm in seg.iter_asms():
                for pcbm in asm.iter_pcbms(1):
                    hof = pcbm.hof()
                    for if_id in [hof.ingress_if, hof.egress_if]:
                        rev_info = self.revocations.get((asm.isd_as(), if_id))
                        if rev_info:
                            revs_to_add.add(rev_info.copy())
                            return

        revs_to_add = set()
        for seg in segs:
            _handle_one_seg(seg)

        return list(revs_to_add)

    def _handle_pending_requests(self):
        rem_keys = []
        # Serve pending requests.
        with self.pen_req_lock:
            for key in self.pending_req:
                for req_key, (req, req_id, meta,
                              logger) in self.pending_req[key].items():
                    if self.path_resolution(CtrlPayload(PathMgmt(req),
                                                        req_id=req_id),
                                            meta,
                                            new_request=False,
                                            logger=logger):
                        meta.close()
                        del self.pending_req[key][req_key]
                if not self.pending_req[key]:
                    rem_keys.append(key)
            for key in rem_keys:
                del self.pending_req[key]

    def _handle_paths_from_zk(self, raw_entries):
        """
        Handles cached paths through ZK, passed as a list.
        """
        for raw in raw_entries:
            recs = PathSegmentRecords.from_raw(raw)
            for type_, pcb in recs.iter_pcbs():
                seg_meta = PathSegMeta(pcb,
                                       self.continue_seg_processing,
                                       type_=type_,
                                       params={'from_zk': True})
                self._process_path_seg(seg_meta)
        if raw_entries:
            logging.debug("Processed %s segments from ZK", len(raw_entries))

    def handle_path_reply(self, cpld, meta):
        pmgt = cpld.union
        reply = pmgt.union
        assert isinstance(reply, PathSegmentReply), type(reply)
        self._handle_seg_recs(reply.recs(), cpld.req_id, meta)

    def handle_seg_recs(self, cpld, meta):
        pmgt = cpld.union
        seg_recs = pmgt.union
        self._handle_seg_recs(seg_recs, cpld.req_id, meta)

    def _handle_seg_recs(self, seg_recs, req_id, meta):
        """
        Handles paths received from the network.
        """
        assert isinstance(seg_recs, PathSegmentRecords), type(seg_recs)
        params = self._dispatch_params(seg_recs, meta)
        # Add revocations for peer interfaces included in the path segments.
        for rev_info in seg_recs.iter_rev_infos():
            self.revocations.add(rev_info)
        # Verify pcbs and process them
        for type_, pcb in seg_recs.iter_pcbs():
            seg_meta = PathSegMeta(pcb, self.continue_seg_processing, meta,
                                   type_, params)
            self._process_path_seg(seg_meta, req_id)

    def continue_seg_processing(self, seg_meta):
        """
        For every path segment(that can be verified) received from the network
        or ZK this function gets called to continue the processing for the
        segment.
        The segment is added to pathdb and pending requests are checked.
        """
        pcb = seg_meta.seg
        logging.debug("Successfully verified PCB %s" % pcb.short_id())
        type_ = seg_meta.type
        params = seg_meta.params
        self.handle_ext(pcb)
        self._dispatch_segment_record(type_, pcb, **params)
        self._handle_pending_requests()

    def handle_ext(self, pcb):
        """
        Handle beacon extensions.
        """
        # Handle PCB extensions:
        for asm in pcb.iter_asms():
            pol = asm.routing_pol_ext()
            if pol:
                self.handle_routing_pol_ext(pol)

    def handle_routing_pol_ext(self, ext):
        # TODO(Sezer): Implement extension handling
        logging.debug("Routing policy extension: %s" % ext)

    def _dispatch_segment_record(self, type_, seg, **kwargs):
        # Check that segment does not contain a revoked interface.
        if not self._validate_segment(seg):
            return
        handle_map = {
            PST.UP: self._handle_up_segment_record,
            PST.CORE: self._handle_core_segment_record,
            PST.DOWN: self._handle_down_segment_record,
        }
        handle_map[type_](seg, **kwargs)

    def _validate_segment(self, seg):
        """
        Check segment for revoked upstream/downstream interfaces.

        :param seg: The PathSegment object.
        :return: False, if the path segment contains a revoked upstream/
            downstream interface (not peer). True otherwise.
        """
        for asm in seg.iter_asms():
            pcbm = asm.pcbm(0)
            for if_id in [pcbm.hof().ingress_if, pcbm.hof().egress_if]:
                rev_info = self.revocations.get((asm.isd_as(), if_id))
                if rev_info:
                    logging.debug(
                        "Found revoked interface (%d, %s) in segment %s." %
                        (rev_info.p.ifID, rev_info.isd_as(), seg.short_desc()))
                    return False
        return True

    def _dispatch_params(self, pld, meta):
        return {}

    def _propagate_and_sync(self):
        self._share_via_zk()
        self._share_revs_via_zk()

    def _gen_prop_recs(self, container, limit=PROP_LIMIT):
        count = 0
        pcbs = defaultdict(list)
        while container:
            try:
                _, (type_, pcb) = container.popitem(last=False)
            except KeyError:
                continue
            count += 1
            pcbs[type_].append(pcb.copy())
            if count >= limit:
                yield (pcbs)
                count = 0
                pcbs = defaultdict(list)
        if pcbs:
            yield (pcbs)

    @abstractmethod
    def path_resolution(self,
                        path_request,
                        meta,
                        new_request=True,
                        logger=None):
        """
        Handles all types of path request.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def _handle_waiting_targets(self, pcb):
        """
        Handle any queries that are waiting for a path to any core AS in an ISD.
        """
        dst_ia = pcb.first_ia()
        if not self.is_core_as(dst_ia):
            logging.warning("Invalid waiting target, not a core AS: %s",
                            dst_ia)
            return
        self._send_waiting_queries(dst_ia[0], pcb)

    def _send_waiting_queries(self, dst_isd, pcb):
        targets = self.waiting_targets[dst_isd]
        if not targets:
            return
        path = pcb.get_path(reverse_direction=True)
        src_ia = pcb.first_ia()
        while targets:
            (seg_req, logger) = targets.pop(0)
            meta = self._build_meta(ia=src_ia,
                                    path=path,
                                    host=SVCType.PS_A,
                                    reuse=True)
            req_id = mk_ctrl_req_id()
            self.send_meta(CtrlPayload(PathMgmt(seg_req), req_id=req_id), meta)
            logger.info("Waiting request (%s) sent to %s via %s [id: %016x]",
                        seg_req.short_desc(), meta, pcb.short_desc(), req_id)

    def _share_via_zk(self):
        if not self._segs_to_zk:
            return
        logging.info("Sharing %d segment(s) via ZK", len(self._segs_to_zk))
        for pcb_dict in self._gen_prop_recs(self._segs_to_zk,
                                            limit=self.ZK_SHARE_LIMIT):
            seg_recs = PathSegmentRecords.from_values(pcb_dict)
            self._zk_write(seg_recs.pack())

    def _share_revs_via_zk(self):
        if not self._revs_to_zk:
            return
        logging.info("Sharing %d revocation(s) via ZK", len(self._revs_to_zk))
        while self._revs_to_zk:
            try:
                data = self._revs_to_zk.popitem(last=False)[1]
            except KeyError:
                continue
            self._zk_write_rev(data)

    def _zk_write(self, data):
        hash_ = crypto_hash(data).hex()
        try:
            self.path_cache.store("%s-%s" % (hash_, SCIONTime.get_time()),
                                  data)
        except ZkNoConnection:
            logging.warning("Unable to store segment(s) in shared path: "
                            "no connection to ZK")

    def _zk_write_rev(self, data):
        hash_ = crypto_hash(data).hex()
        try:
            self.rev_cache.store("%s-%s" % (hash_, SCIONTime.get_time()), data)
        except ZkNoConnection:
            logging.warning("Unable to store revocation(s) in shared path: "
                            "no connection to ZK")

    def _init_request_logger(self):
        """
        Initializes the request logger.
        """
        self._request_logger = logging.getLogger("RequestLogger")
        # Create new formatter to include the request in the log.
        formatter = formatter = Rfc3339Formatter(
            "%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] (%(threadName)s) %(message)s "
            "{id=%(id)s, from=%(from)s}")
        add_formatter('RequestLogger', formatter)

    def get_request_logger(self, req_id, meta):
        """
        Returns a logger adapter for a request.
        """
        # Create a logger for the request to log with context.
        return logging.LoggerAdapter(self._request_logger, {
            "id": req_id,
            "from": str(meta)
        })

    def _init_metrics(self):
        super()._init_metrics()
        REQS_TOTAL.labels(**self._labels).inc(0)
        REQS_PENDING.labels(**self._labels).set(0)
        SEGS_TO_ZK.labels(**self._labels).set(0)
        REVS_TO_ZK.labels(**self._labels).set(0)
        HT_ROOT_MAPPTINGS.labels(**self._labels).set(0)
        IS_MASTER.labels(**self._labels).set(0)

    def _update_metrics(self):
        """
        Updates all Gauge metrics. Subclass can update their own metrics but must
        call the superclass' implementation.
        """
        if not self._labels:
            return
        # Update pending requests metric.
        # XXX(shitz): This could become a performance problem should there ever be
        # a large amount of pending requests (>100'000).
        total_pending = 0
        with self.pen_req_lock:
            for reqs in self.pending_req.values():
                total_pending += len(reqs)
        REQS_PENDING.labels(**self._labels).set(total_pending)
        # Update SEGS_TO_ZK and REVS_TO_ZK metrics.
        SEGS_TO_ZK.labels(**self._labels).set(len(self._segs_to_zk))
        REVS_TO_ZK.labels(**self._labels).set(len(self._revs_to_zk))
        # Update HT_ROOT_MAPPTINGS metric.
        HT_ROOT_MAPPTINGS.labels(**self._labels).set(len(self.htroot_if2seg))
        # Update IS_MASTER metric.
        IS_MASTER.labels(**self._labels).set(int(self.zk.have_lock()))

    def run(self):
        """
        Run an instance of the Path Server.
        """
        threading.Thread(target=thread_safety_net,
                         args=(self.worker, ),
                         name="PS.worker",
                         daemon=True).start()
        threading.Thread(target=thread_safety_net,
                         args=(self._check_trc_cert_reqs, ),
                         name="Elem.check_trc_cert_reqs",
                         daemon=True).start()
        super().run()
コード例 #2
0
ファイル: base.py プロジェクト: forstern/scion
class PathServer(SCIONElement, metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """
    The SCION Path Server.
    """
    SERVICE_TYPE = PATH_SERVICE
    MAX_SEG_NO = 5  # TODO: replace by config variable.
    # ZK path for incoming PATHs
    ZK_PATH_CACHE_PATH = "path_cache"
    # ZK path for incoming REVs
    ZK_REV_CACHE_PATH = "rev_cache"
    # Max number of segments per propagation packet
    PROP_LIMIT = 5
    # Max number of segments per ZK cache entry
    ZK_SHARE_LIMIT = 10
    # Time to store revocations in zookeeper
    ZK_REV_OBJ_MAX_AGE = HASHTREE_EPOCH_TIME

    def __init__(self, server_id, conf_dir):
        """
        :param str server_id: server identifier.
        :param str conf_dir: configuration directory.
        """
        super().__init__(server_id, conf_dir)
        self.down_segments = PathSegmentDB(max_res_no=self.MAX_SEG_NO)
        self.core_segments = PathSegmentDB(max_res_no=self.MAX_SEG_NO)
        self.pending_req = defaultdict(list)  # Dict of pending requests.
        self.pen_req_lock = threading.Lock()
        # Used when l/cPS doesn't have up/dw-path.
        self.waiting_targets = defaultdict(list)
        self.revocations = RevCache()
        # A mapping from (hash tree root of AS, IFID) to segments
        self.htroot_if2seg = ExpiringDict(1000, HASHTREE_TTL)
        self.htroot_if2seglock = Lock()
        self.CTRL_PLD_CLASS_MAP = {
            PayloadClass.PATH: {
                PMT.REQUEST: self.path_resolution,
                PMT.REPLY: self.handle_path_segment_record,
                PMT.REG: self.handle_path_segment_record,
                PMT.REVOCATION: self._handle_revocation,
                PMT.SYNC: self.handle_path_segment_record,
            },
            PayloadClass.CERT: {
                CertMgmtType.CERT_CHAIN_REQ: self.process_cert_chain_request,
                CertMgmtType.CERT_CHAIN_REPLY: self.process_cert_chain_reply,
                CertMgmtType.TRC_REPLY: self.process_trc_reply,
                CertMgmtType.TRC_REQ: self.process_trc_request,
            },
        }
        self.SCMP_PLD_CLASS_MAP = {
            SCMPClass.PATH: {
                SCMPPathClass.REVOKED_IF: self._handle_scmp_revocation,
            },
        }
        self._segs_to_zk = deque()
        self._revs_to_zk = deque()
        self._zkid = ZkID.from_values(self.addr.isd_as, self.id,
                                      [(self.addr.host, self._port)])
        self.zk = Zookeeper(self.topology.isd_as, PATH_SERVICE,
                            self._zkid.copy().pack(), self.topology.zookeepers)
        self.zk.retry("Joining party", self.zk.party_setup)
        self.path_cache = ZkSharedCache(self.zk, self.ZK_PATH_CACHE_PATH,
                                        self._handle_paths_from_zk)
        self.rev_cache = ZkSharedCache(self.zk, self.ZK_REV_CACHE_PATH,
                                       self._rev_entries_handler)

    def worker(self):
        """
        Worker thread that takes care of reading shared paths from ZK, and
        handling master election for core servers.
        """
        worker_cycle = 1.0
        start = SCIONTime.get_time()
        was_master = False
        while self.run_flag.is_set():
            sleep_interval(start, worker_cycle, "cPS.worker cycle",
                           self._quiet_startup())
            start = SCIONTime.get_time()
            try:
                self.zk.wait_connected()
                self.path_cache.process()
                self.rev_cache.process()
                # Try to become a master.
                is_master = self.zk.get_lock(lock_timeout=0, conn_timeout=0)
                if is_master:
                    if not was_master:
                        logging.info("Became master")
                    self.path_cache.expire(self.config.propagation_time * 10)
                    self.rev_cache.expire(self.ZK_REV_OBJ_MAX_AGE)
                    was_master = True
                else:
                    was_master = False
            except ZkNoConnection:
                logging.warning('worker(): ZkNoConnection')
                pass
            self._update_master()
            self._propagate_and_sync()
            self._handle_pending_requests()

    def _update_master(self):
        pass

    def _rev_entries_handler(self, raw_entries):
        for raw in raw_entries:
            rev_info = RevocationInfo.from_raw(raw)
            self._remove_revoked_segments(rev_info)

    def _add_rev_mappings(self, pcb):
        """
        Add if revocation token to segment ID mappings.
        """
        segment_id = pcb.get_hops_hash()
        with self.htroot_if2seglock:
            for asm in pcb.iter_asms():
                hof = asm.pcbm(0).hof()
                egress_h = (asm.p.hashTreeRoot, hof.egress_if)
                self.htroot_if2seg.setdefault(egress_h, set()).add(segment_id)
                ingress_h = (asm.p.hashTreeRoot, hof.ingress_if)
                self.htroot_if2seg.setdefault(ingress_h, set()).add(segment_id)

    @abstractmethod
    def _handle_up_segment_record(self, pcb, **kwargs):
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def _handle_down_segment_record(self, pcb, **kwargs):
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def _handle_core_segment_record(self, pcb, **kwargs):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def _add_segment(self, pcb, seg_db, name, reverse=False):
        res = seg_db.update(pcb, reverse=reverse)
        if res == DBResult.ENTRY_ADDED:
            self._add_rev_mappings(pcb)
            logging.info("%s-Segment registered: %s", name, pcb.short_desc())
            return True
        elif res == DBResult.ENTRY_UPDATED:
            self._add_rev_mappings(pcb)
            logging.debug("%s-Segment updated: %s", name, pcb.short_desc())
        return False

    def _handle_scmp_revocation(self, pld, meta):
        rev_info = RevocationInfo.from_raw(pld.info.rev_info)
        self._handle_revocation(rev_info, meta)

    def _handle_revocation(self, rev_info, meta):
        """
        Handles a revocation of a segment, interface or hop.

        :param rev_info: The RevocationInfo object.
        """
        assert isinstance(rev_info, RevocationInfo)
        if not self._validate_revocation(rev_info):
            return
        if meta.ia[0] != self.addr.isd_as[0]:
            logging.info("Dropping revocation received from a different ISD.")
            return

        if rev_info in self.revocations:
            logging.debug("Already received revocation. Dropping...")
            return False
        self.revocations.add(rev_info)
        logging.debug("Received revocation from %s:\n%s", meta.get_addr(),
                      rev_info)
        self._revs_to_zk.append(rev_info.copy().pack())  # have to pack copy
        # Remove segments that contain the revoked interface.
        self._remove_revoked_segments(rev_info)
        # Forward revocation to other path servers.
        self._forward_revocation(rev_info, meta)

    def _remove_revoked_segments(self, rev_info):
        """
        Try the previous and next hashes as possible astokens,
        and delete any segment that matches

        :param rev_info: The revocation info
        :type rev_info: RevocationInfo
        """
        if not ConnectedHashTree.verify_epoch(rev_info.p.epoch):
            return
        (hash01, hash12) = ConnectedHashTree.get_possible_hashes(rev_info)
        if_id = rev_info.p.ifID

        with self.htroot_if2seglock:
            down_segs_removed = 0
            core_segs_removed = 0
            up_segs_removed = 0
            for h in (hash01, hash12):
                for sid in self.htroot_if2seg.pop((h, if_id), []):
                    if self.down_segments.delete(
                            sid) == DBResult.ENTRY_DELETED:
                        down_segs_removed += 1
                    if self.core_segments.delete(
                            sid) == DBResult.ENTRY_DELETED:
                        core_segs_removed += 1
                    if not self.topology.is_core_as:
                        if (self.up_segments.delete(sid) ==
                                DBResult.ENTRY_DELETED):
                            up_segs_removed += 1
            logging.info(
                "Removed segments containing IF %d: "
                "UP: %d DOWN: %d CORE: %d" %
                (if_id, up_segs_removed, down_segs_removed, core_segs_removed))

    @abstractmethod
    def _forward_revocation(self, rev_info, meta):
        """
        Forwards a revocation to other path servers that need to be notified.

        :param rev_info: The RevInfo object.
        :param meta: The MessageMeta object.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def _send_path_segments(self, req, meta, up=None, core=None, down=None):
        """
        Sends path-segments to requester (depending on Path Server's location).
        """
        up = up or set()
        core = core or set()
        down = down or set()
        all_segs = up | core | down
        if not all_segs:
            logging.warning("No segments to send")
            return
        revs_to_add = self._peer_revs_for_segs(all_segs)
        pld = PathRecordsReply.from_values(
            {
                PST.UP: up,
                PST.CORE: core,
                PST.DOWN: down
            }, revs_to_add)
        self.send_meta(pld, meta)
        logging.info(
            "Sending PATH_REPLY with %d segment(s) to:%s "
            "port:%s in response to: %s",
            len(all_segs),
            meta.get_addr(),
            meta.port,
            req.short_desc(),
        )

    def _peer_revs_for_segs(self, segs):
        """Returns a list of peer revocations for segments in 'segs'."""
        def _handle_one_seg(seg):
            for asm in seg.iter_asms():
                for pcbm in asm.iter_pcbms(1):
                    hof = pcbm.hof()
                    for if_id in [hof.ingress_if, hof.egress_if]:
                        rev_info = self.revocations.get((asm.isd_as(), if_id))
                        if rev_info:
                            revs_to_add.add(rev_info.copy())
                            return

        revs_to_add = set()
        for seg in segs:
            _handle_one_seg(seg)

        return list(revs_to_add)

    def _handle_pending_requests(self):
        rem_keys = []
        # Serve pending requests.
        with self.pen_req_lock:
            for key in self.pending_req:
                to_remove = []
                for req, meta in self.pending_req[key]:
                    if self.path_resolution(req, meta, new_request=False):
                        meta.close()
                        to_remove.append((req, meta))
                # Clean state.
                for req_meta in to_remove:
                    self.pending_req[key].remove(req_meta)
                if not self.pending_req[key]:
                    rem_keys.append(key)
            for key in rem_keys:
                del self.pending_req[key]

    def _handle_paths_from_zk(self, raw_entries):
        """
        Handles cached paths through ZK, passed as a list.
        """
        for raw in raw_entries:
            recs = PathSegmentRecords.from_raw(raw)
            for type_, pcb in recs.iter_pcbs():
                seg_meta = PathSegMeta(pcb,
                                       self.continue_seg_processing,
                                       type_=type_,
                                       params={'from_zk': True})
                self.process_path_seg(seg_meta)
        logging.debug("Processed %s segments from ZK", len(raw_entries))

    def handle_path_segment_record(self, seg_recs, meta):
        """
        Handles paths received from the network.
        """
        params = self._dispatch_params(seg_recs, meta)
        # Add revocations for peer interfaces included in the path segments.
        for rev_info in seg_recs.iter_rev_infos():
            self.revocations.add(rev_info)
        # Verify pcbs and process them
        for type_, pcb in seg_recs.iter_pcbs():
            seg_meta = PathSegMeta(pcb, self.continue_seg_processing, meta,
                                   type_, params)
            self.process_path_seg(seg_meta)

    def continue_seg_processing(self, seg_meta):
        """
        For every path segment(that can be verified) received from the network
        or ZK this function gets called to continue the processing for the
        segment.
        The segment is added to pathdb and pending requests are checked.
        """
        pcb = seg_meta.seg
        type_ = seg_meta.type
        params = seg_meta.params
        self._dispatch_segment_record(type_, pcb, **params)
        self._handle_pending_requests()

    def _dispatch_segment_record(self, type_, seg, **kwargs):
        # Check that segment does not contain a revoked interface.
        if not self._validate_segment(seg):
            logging.debug("Not adding segment due to revoked interface:\n%s" %
                          seg.short_desc())
            return
        handle_map = {
            PST.UP: self._handle_up_segment_record,
            PST.CORE: self._handle_core_segment_record,
            PST.DOWN: self._handle_down_segment_record,
        }
        handle_map[type_](seg, **kwargs)

    def _validate_segment(self, seg):
        """
        Check segment for revoked upstream/downstream interfaces.

        :param seg: The PathSegment object.
        :return: False, if the path segment contains a revoked upstream/
            downstream interface (not peer). True otherwise.
        """
        for asm in seg.iter_asms():
            pcbm = asm.pcbm(0)
            for if_id in [pcbm.p.inIF, pcbm.p.outIF]:
                rev_info = self.revocations.get((asm.isd_as(), if_id))
                if rev_info:
                    logging.debug("Found revoked interface (%d) in segment "
                                  "%s." % (rev_info.p.ifID, seg.short_desc()))
                    return False
        return True

    def _dispatch_params(self, pld, meta):
        return {}

    def _propagate_and_sync(self):
        self._share_via_zk()
        self._share_revs_via_zk()

    def _gen_prop_recs(self, queue, limit=PROP_LIMIT):
        count = 0
        pcbs = defaultdict(list)
        while queue:
            count += 1
            type_, pcb = queue.popleft()
            pcbs[type_].append(pcb.copy())
            if count >= limit:
                yield (pcbs)
                count = 0
                pcbs = defaultdict(list)
        if pcbs:
            yield (pcbs)

    @abstractmethod
    def path_resolution(self, path_request, meta, new_request):
        """
        Handles all types of path request.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def _handle_waiting_targets(self, pcb):
        """
        Handle any queries that are waiting for a path to any core AS in an ISD.
        """
        dst_ia = pcb.first_ia()
        if not self.is_core_as(dst_ia):
            logging.warning("Invalid waiting target, not a core AS: %s",
                            dst_ia)
            return
        self._send_waiting_queries(dst_ia[0], pcb)

    def _send_waiting_queries(self, dst_isd, pcb):
        targets = self.waiting_targets[dst_isd]
        if not targets:
            return
        path = pcb.get_path(reverse_direction=True)
        src_ia = pcb.first_ia()
        while targets:
            seg_req = targets.pop(0)
            meta = self.DefaultMeta.from_values(ia=src_ia,
                                                path=path,
                                                host=SVCType.PS_A)
            self.send_meta(seg_req, meta)
            logging.info("Waiting request (%s) sent via %s",
                         seg_req.short_desc(), pcb.short_desc())

    def _share_via_zk(self):
        if not self._segs_to_zk:
            return
        logging.info("Sharing %d segment(s) via ZK", len(self._segs_to_zk))
        for pcb_dict in self._gen_prop_recs(self._segs_to_zk,
                                            limit=self.ZK_SHARE_LIMIT):
            seg_recs = PathSegmentRecords.from_values(pcb_dict)
            self._zk_write(seg_recs.pack())

    def _share_revs_via_zk(self):
        if not self._revs_to_zk:
            return
        logging.info("Sharing %d revocation(s) via ZK", len(self._revs_to_zk))
        while self._revs_to_zk:
            self._zk_write_rev(self._revs_to_zk.popleft())

    def _zk_write(self, data):
        hash_ = SHA256.new(data).hexdigest()
        try:
            self.path_cache.store("%s-%s" % (hash_, SCIONTime.get_time()),
                                  data)
        except ZkNoConnection:
            logging.warning("Unable to store segment(s) in shared path: "
                            "no connection to ZK")

    def _zk_write_rev(self, data):
        hash_ = SHA256.new(data).hexdigest()
        try:
            self.rev_cache.store("%s-%s" % (hash_, SCIONTime.get_time()), data)
        except ZkNoConnection:
            logging.warning("Unable to store revocation(s) in shared path: "
                            "no connection to ZK")

    def run(self):
        """
        Run an instance of the Path Server.
        """
        threading.Thread(target=thread_safety_net,
                         args=(self.worker, ),
                         name="PS.worker",
                         daemon=True).start()
        super().run()