def test_diagnostic_solver_convergence():
# Create an ice shelf model
ice_shelf = icepack.models.IceShelf()
opts = {'dirichlet_ids': [1], 'side_wall_ids': [3, 4], 'tol': 1e-12}
# Solve the ice shelf model for successively higher mesh resolution
for degree in range(1, 4):
delta_x, error = [], []
for N in range(16, 97 - 32 * (degree - 1), 4):
mesh = firedrake.RectangleMesh(N, N, Lx, Ly)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
V = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, 'CG', degree)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, 'CG', degree)
u_exact = interpolate(as_vector((exact_u(x), 0)), V)
u_guess = interpolate(u_exact + as_vector((perturb_u(x, y), 0)), V)
h = interpolate(h0 - dh * x / Lx, Q)
A = interpolate(firedrake.Constant(icepack.rate_factor(T)), Q)
u = ice_shelf.diagnostic_solve(h=h, A=A, u0=u_guess, **opts)
error.append(norm(u_exact - u) / norm(u_exact))
delta_x.append(Lx / N)
print(delta_x[-1], error[-1])
# Fit the error curve and check that the convergence rate is what we
# expect
log_delta_x = np.log2(np.array(delta_x))
log_error = np.log2(np.array(error))
slope, intercept = np.polyfit(log_delta_x, log_error, 1)
print('log(error) ~= {:g} * log(dx) + {:g}'.format(slope, intercept))
assert slope > degree + 0.8
def test_vector_field():
Nx, Ny = 16, 16
mesh2d = firedrake.UnitSquareMesh(Nx, Ny)
mesh3d = firedrake.ExtrudedMesh(mesh2d, layers=1)
x, y, z = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh3d)
V3D = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh3d,
"CG",
2,
vfamily="GL",
vdegree=5,
dim=2)
u3d = firedrake.interpolate(firedrake.as_vector((1 - z**4, 0)), V3D)
u_avg = depth_average(u3d)
V2D = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh2d, "CG", 2)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh2d)
u2d = firedrake.interpolate(firedrake.as_vector((4 / 5, 0)), V2D)
assert norm(u_avg - u2d) / norm(u2d) < 1 / (Nx * Ny)**2
V0 = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh3d,
"CG",
2,
vfamily="GL",
vdegree=0,
dim=2)
u_lift = lift3d(u_avg, V0)
assert norm(depth_average(u_lift) - u2d) / norm(u2d) < 1 / (Nx * Ny)**2
def test_scalar_field():
Nx, Ny = 16, 16
mesh2d = firedrake.UnitSquareMesh(Nx, Ny)
mesh3d = firedrake.ExtrudedMesh(mesh2d, layers=1)
x, y, z = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh3d)
Q3D = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh3d,
family='CG',
degree=2,
vfamily='GL',
vdegree=5)
q3d = firedrake.interpolate((x**2 + y**2) * (1 - z**4), Q3D)
q_avg = depth_average(q3d)
p3d = firedrake.interpolate(x**2 + y**2, Q3D)
p_avg = depth_average(p3d, weight=1 - z**4)
Q2D = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh2d, family='CG', degree=2)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh2d)
q2d = firedrake.interpolate(4 * (x**2 + y**2) / 5, Q2D)
assert q_avg.ufl_domain() is mesh2d
assert norm(q_avg - q2d) / norm(q2d) < 1 / (Nx * Ny)**2
assert norm(p_avg - q2d) / norm(q2d) < 1 / (Nx * Ny)**2
Q0 = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh3d,
family='CG',
degree=2,
vfamily='GL',
vdegree=0)
q_lift = lift3d(q_avg, Q0)
assert norm(depth_average(q_lift) - q2d) / norm(q2d) < 1 / (Nx * Ny)**2
def get_aspect_ratios2d(mesh, python=False):
"""
Computes the aspect ratio of each cell in a 2D triangular mesh
:arg mesh: the input mesh to do computations on
:kwarg python: compute the measure using Python?
:rtype: firedrake.function.Function aspect_ratios with
aspect ratio data
"""
P0 = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, "DG", 0)
if python:
P0_ten = firedrake.TensorFunctionSpace(mesh, "DG", 0)
J = firedrake.interpolate(ufl.Jacobian(mesh), P0_ten)
edge1 = ufl.as_vector([J[0, 0], J[1, 0]])
edge2 = ufl.as_vector([J[0, 1], J[1, 1]])
edge3 = edge1 - edge2
a = ufl.sqrt(ufl.dot(edge1, edge1))
b = ufl.sqrt(ufl.dot(edge2, edge2))
c = ufl.sqrt(ufl.dot(edge3, edge3))
aspect_ratios = firedrake.interpolate(
a * b * c / ((a + b - c) * (b + c - a) * (c + a - b)), P0
)
else:
coords = mesh.coordinates
aspect_ratios = firedrake.Function(P0)
op2.par_loop(
get_pyop2_kernel("get_aspect_ratio", 2),
mesh.cell_set,
aspect_ratios.dat(op2.WRITE, aspect_ratios.cell_node_map()),
coords.dat(op2.READ, coords.cell_node_map()),
)
return aspect_ratios
def test_advection_diffusion():
E_initial = firedrake.interpolate(E_surface + q_bed / α * h * (1 - ζ), Q)
E = E_initial.copy(deepcopy=True)
u0 = 100.0
du = 100.0
u_expr = as_vector((u0 + du * x / Lx, 0))
u = firedrake.interpolate(u_expr, V)
w = firedrake.interpolate((-du / Lx + dh / Lx / h * u[0]) * ζ, W)
dt = 10.0
final_time = Lx / u0
num_steps = int(final_time / dt) + 1
model = icepack.models.HeatTransport3D()
solver = icepack.solvers.HeatTransportSolver(model)
for step in range(num_steps):
E = solver.solve(
dt,
energy=E,
velocity=u,
vertical_velocity=w,
thickness=h,
surface=s,
heat=Constant(0),
heat_bed=Constant(q_bed),
energy_inflow=E_initial,
energy_surface=Constant(E_surface),
)
rms = np.sqrt(assemble(E**2 * h * dx) / assemble(h * dx))
assert (E_surface - 5 < rms) and (rms < E_surface + 5 + q_bed / α * h0)
def test_advection_diffusion():
E_initial = firedrake.interpolate(E_surface + q_bed / α * h * (1 - ζ), Q)
E = E_initial.copy(deepcopy=True)
u0 = 100.0
du = 100.0
u_expr = as_vector((u0 + du * x / Lx, 0))
u = firedrake.interpolate(u_expr, V)
w = firedrake.interpolate((-du / Lx + dh / Lx / h * u[0]) * ζ, W)
dt = 10.0
final_time = Lx / u0
num_steps = int(final_time / dt) + 1
model = icepack.models.HeatTransport3D()
for step in range(num_steps):
E = model.solve(dt,
E0=E,
u=u,
w=w,
h=h,
s=s,
q=Constant(0),
q_bed=q_bed,
E_inflow=E_initial,
E_surface=Constant(E_surface))
rms = np.sqrt(assemble(E**2 * h * dx) / assemble(h * dx))
assert (E_surface - 5 < rms) and (rms < E_surface + 5 + q_bed / α * h0)
def test_diagnostic_solver_convergence():
shallow_ice = icepack.models.ShallowIce()
for degree in range(1, 4):
delta_x, error = [], []
for N in range(10, 110 - 20 * (degree - 1), 10):
mesh = make_mesh(R_mesh, R / N)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, 'CG', degree)
V = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, 'CG', degree)
h_expr = Bueler_profile(mesh, R)
u_exact = interpolate(exact_u(h_expr, Q), V)
h = interpolate(h_expr, Q)
s = interpolate(h_expr, Q)
u = firedrake.Function(V)
u_num = shallow_ice.diagnostic_solve(u0=u, h=h, s=s, A=A)
error.append(norm(u_exact - u_num) / norm(u_exact))
delta_x.append(R / N)
print(delta_x[-1], error[-1])
assert assemble(shallow_ice.scale(u=u_num)) > 0
log_delta_x = np.log2(np.array(delta_x))
log_error = np.log2(np.array(error))
slope, intercept = np.polyfit(log_delta_x, log_error, 1)
print('log(error) ~= {:g} * log(dx) + {:g}'.format(slope, intercept))
assert slope > 0.9
def update_phi(self):
# phi_tmp=firedrake.interpolate(self.phi,self.V_cg)
self.phi_prev = firedrake.interpolate(self.phi_prev, self.V_cg)
phi_tmp = firedrake.interpolate(self.phi, self.V_cg)
self.phi_prev.assign(phi_tmp)
self.update_N()
self.update_pfo()
def test_advection():
E_initial = firedrake.interpolate(E_surface + q_bed / α * h * (1 - ζ), Q)
E = E_initial.copy(deepcopy=True)
u0 = 100.0
du = 100.0
u_expr = as_vector((u0 + du * x / Lx, 0))
u = firedrake.interpolate(u_expr, V)
w = firedrake.interpolate((-du / Lx + dh / Lx / h * u[0]) * ζ, W)
dt = 10.0
final_time = Lx / u0
num_steps = int(final_time / dt) + 1
model = icepack.models.HeatTransport3D()
for step in range(num_steps):
model._advect(dt,
E=E,
u=u,
w=w,
h=h,
s=s,
E_inflow=E_initial,
E_surface=Constant(E_surface))
error_surface = assemble((E - E_surface)**2 * ds_t)
assert error_surface / assemble(E_surface**2 * ds_t(mesh)) < 1e-2
error_bed = assemble((E - E_initial)**2 * ds_b)
assert error_bed / assemble(E_initial**2 * ds_b(mesh)) < 1e-2
def test_diffusion(params):
E_true = firedrake.interpolate(E_surface + q_bed / α * h * (1 - ζ), Q)
E = firedrake.interpolate(Constant(480), Q)
# Subclass the heat transport model and turn off advection so that we can
# test diffusion by itself
class DiffusionTransportModel(icepack.models.HeatTransport3D):
def __init__(self):
super(DiffusionTransportModel, self).__init__()
def advective_flux(self, **kwargs):
E = kwargs['energy']
h = kwargs['thickness']
Q = E.function_space()
ψ = firedrake.TestFunction(Q)
return firedrake.Constant(0) * ψ * h * dx
model = DiffusionTransportModel()
solver = icepack.solvers.HeatTransportSolver(model,
solver_parameters=params)
dt = 250.0
final_time = 6000
num_steps = int(final_time / dt) + 1
for step in range(num_steps):
E = solver.solve(dt,
energy=E,
thickness=h,
energy_surface=Constant(E_surface),
heat=Constant(0),
heat_bed=Constant(q_bed))
assert assemble((E - E_true)**2 * ds_t) / assemble(E_true**2 * ds_t) < 1e-3
assert assemble((E - E_true)**2 * ds_b) / assemble(E_true**2 * ds_b) < 1e-3
def test_diagnostic_solver_side_friction():
model = icepack.models.IceShelf()
opts = {"dirichlet_ids": [1], "side_wall_ids": [3, 4]}
mesh = firedrake.RectangleMesh(32, 32, Lx, Ly)
degree = 2
V = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, "CG", degree)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, "CG", degree)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
u_initial = interpolate(as_vector((exact_u(x), 0)), V)
h = interpolate(h0 - dh * x / Lx, Q)
A = interpolate(firedrake.Constant(icepack.rate_factor(T)), Q)
# Choose the side wall friction coefficient so that, assuming the ice is
# sliding at the maximum speed for the solution without friction, the
# stress is 10 kPa.
from icepack.constants import weertman_sliding_law as m
τ = 0.01
u_max = icepack.norm(u_initial, norm_type="Linfty")
Cs = firedrake.Constant(τ * u_max**(-1 / m))
solver = icepack.solvers.FlowSolver(model, **opts)
fields = {
"velocity": u_initial,
"thickness": h,
"fluidity": A,
"side_friction": Cs
}
u = solver.diagnostic_solve(**fields)
assert icepack.norm(u) < icepack.norm(u_initial)
def write_pvds(self):
self.S.assign(firedrake.interpolate(self.S, self.V_cg))
self.h.assign(firedrake.interpolate(self.h, self.V_cg))
self.S_out << self.S
self.h_out << self.h
self.phi_out << self.phi
self.pfo_out << self.pfo
def Expression(f, V, degree_raise=None):
if degree_raise != None:
V = FunctionSpaceDegreeRaise(V, degree_raise)
mesh_dim = V.mesh().cell_dimension()
f_len = len(f)
if mesh_dim == 1:
x = SpatialCoordinate(V.mesh())
elif mesh_dim == 2:
(x, y) = SpatialCoordinate(V.mesh())
elif mesh_dim == 3:
(x, y, z) = SpatialCoordinate(V.mesh())
f_eval = [None] * f_len
for i in range(f_len):
if 'x' not in f[i] and 'y' not in f[i] and 'z' not in f[i]:
f_eval[i] = Constant(eval(f[i]))
else:
f_eval[i] = eval(f[i])
if isinstance(f, list):
if f_len == 1:
out = interpolate(f_eval[0], V)
elif f_len == 2:
out = interpolate(as_vector([f_eval[0], f_eval[1]]), V)
elif f_len == 3:
out = interpolate(as_vector([f_eval[0], f_eval[1], f_eval[2]]), V)
else:
raise RuntimeError('Input list for function value is of '
'dimension {}, need to be at most a 3D '
'vector'.format(len(f)))
return out
else:
raise RuntimeError('Input function f needs to be list')
def test_diagnostic_solver():
Nx, Ny = 32, 32
mesh2d = firedrake.RectangleMesh(Nx, Ny, Lx, Ly)
mesh = firedrake.ExtrudedMesh(mesh2d, layers=1)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh,
family='CG',
degree=2,
vfamily='DG',
vdegree=0)
x, y, ζ = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
h = firedrake.interpolate(h0 - dh * x / Lx, Q)
s = firedrake.interpolate(d + h0 - dh + ds * (1 - x / Lx), Q)
u_expr = firedrake.as_vector(((0.95 + 0.05 * ζ) * exact_u(x), 0))
A = firedrake.Constant(icepack.rate_factor(254.15))
C = firedrake.Constant(0.001)
model = icepack.models.HybridModel()
opts = {'dirichlet_ids': [1, 3, 4], 'tol': 1e-12}
max_degree = 5
Nz = 32
xs = np.array([(Lx / 2, Ly / 2, k / Nz) for k in range(Nz + 1)])
us = np.zeros((max_degree + 1, Nz + 1))
for vdegree in range(max_degree, 0, -1):
solver = icepack.solvers.FlowSolver(model, **opts)
V = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh,
dim=2,
family='CG',
degree=2,
vfamily='GL',
vdegree=vdegree)
u0 = firedrake.interpolate(u_expr, V)
u = solver.diagnostic_solve(velocity=u0,
thickness=h,
surface=s,
fluidity=A,
friction=C)
V0 = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh,
dim=2,
family='CG',
degree=2,
vfamily='DG',
vdegree=0)
depth_avg_u = firedrake.project(u, V0)
shear_u = firedrake.project(u - depth_avg_u, V)
assert icepack.norm(shear_u, norm_type='Linfty') > 1e-2
us_center = np.array(u.at(xs, tolerance=1e-6))
us[vdegree, :] = np.sqrt(np.sum(us_center**2, 1))
norm = np.linalg.norm(us[max_degree, :])
error = np.linalg.norm(us[vdegree, :] - us[max_degree, :]) / norm
print(error, flush=True)
assert error < 1e-2
def test_diagnostic_solver_parameterization():
# Define a new viscosity functional, parameterized in terms of the
# rheology `B` instead of the fluidity `A`
from firedrake import inner, grad, sym, tr as trace, Identity, sqrt
def M(ε, B):
I = Identity(2)
tr_ε = trace(ε)
ε_e = sqrt((inner(ε, ε) + tr_ε**2) / 2)
μ = 0.5 * B * ε_e**(1/n - 1)
return 2 * μ * (ε + tr_ε * I)
def ε(u):
return sym(grad(u))
def viscosity(**kwargs):
u = kwargs['velocity']
h = kwargs['thickness']
B = kwargs['rheology']
return n/(n + 1) * h * inner(M(ε(u), B), ε(u))
# Make a model object with our new viscosity functional
model = icepack.models.IceShelf(viscosity=viscosity)
opts = {'dirichlet_ids': [1, 3, 4]}
# Same as before
delta_x, error = [], []
for N in range(16, 65, 4):
mesh = firedrake.RectangleMesh(N, N, Lx, Ly)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
degree = 2
V = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, 'CG', degree)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, 'CG', degree)
u_exact = interpolate(as_vector((exact_u(x), 0)), V)
u_guess = interpolate(as_vector((exact_u(x) + perturb_u(x, y), 0)), V)
h = interpolate(h0 - dh * x / Lx, Q)
B = interpolate(firedrake.Constant(icepack.rate_factor(T)**(-1/n)), Q)
solver = icepack.solvers.FlowSolver(model, **opts)
u = solver.diagnostic_solve(
velocity=u_guess,
thickness=h,
rheology=B
)
error.append(norm(u_exact - u) / norm(u_exact))
delta_x.append(Lx / N)
print(delta_x[-1], error[-1])
log_delta_x = np.log2(np.array(delta_x))
log_error = np.log2(np.array(error))
slope, intercept = np.polyfit(log_delta_x, log_error, 1)
print('log(error) ~= {:g} * log(dx) + {:g}'.format(slope, intercept))
assert slope > degree - 0.05
def update_pfo(self):
# Update water pressure
self.update_pw()
# Compute overburden pressure
p_w_tmp = firedrake.interpolate(self.p_w, self.V_cg)
p_i_tmp = firedrake.interpolate(self.p_i, self.V_cg)
pfo_tmp = firedrake.assemble(p_w_tmp / p_i_tmp)
self.pfo.vector().set_local(pfo_tmp.vector().array())
self.pfo.vector().apply("insert")
def test_poisson_inverse(solver_type):
Nx, Ny = 32, 32
mesh = firedrake.UnitSquareMesh(Nx, Ny)
degree = 2
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, "CG", degree)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
q_true = interpolate(-4 * ((x - 0.5)**2 + (y - 0.5)**2), Q)
f = interpolate(firedrake.Constant(1), Q)
dirichlet_ids = [1, 2, 3, 4]
model = PoissonModel()
poisson_solver = PoissonSolver(model, dirichlet_ids=dirichlet_ids)
u_bdry = firedrake.Function(Q)
u_obs = poisson_solver.diagnostic_solve(u=u_bdry, q=q_true, f=f)
q0 = firedrake.Function(Q)
u0 = poisson_solver.diagnostic_solve(u=u_bdry, q=q0, f=f)
def callback(inverse_solver):
misfit = firedrake.assemble(inverse_solver.objective)
regularization = firedrake.assemble(inverse_solver.regularization)
q = inverse_solver.parameter
error = firedrake.norm(q - q_true)
print(misfit, regularization, error)
L = firedrake.Constant(1e-4)
problem = icepack.inverse.InverseProblem(
model=model,
objective=lambda u: 0.5 * (u - u_obs)**2 * dx,
regularization=lambda q: 0.5 * L**2 * inner(grad(q), grad(q)) * dx,
state_name="u",
state=u0,
parameter_name="q",
parameter=q0,
solver_type=PoissonSolver,
solver_kwargs={"dirichlet_ids": dirichlet_ids},
diagnostic_solve_kwargs={"f": f},
)
solver = solver_type(problem, callback)
assert solver.state is not None
assert icepack.norm(solver.state) > 0
assert icepack.norm(solver.adjoint_state) > 0
assert icepack.norm(solver.search_direction) > 0
max_iterations = 1000
iterations = solver.solve(rtol=2.5e-2,
atol=1e-8,
max_iterations=max_iterations)
print(f"Number of iterations: {iterations}")
assert iterations < max_iterations
q = solver.parameter
assert icepack.norm(q - q_true) < 0.25
def test_damage_transport():
nx, ny = 32, 32
Lx, Ly = 20e3, 20e3
mesh = firedrake.RectangleMesh(nx, ny, Lx, Ly)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
V = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, "CG", 2)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, "CG", 2)
u0 = 100.0
h0, dh = 500.0, 100.0
T = 268.0
ρ = ρ_I * (1 - ρ_I / ρ_W)
Z = icepack.rate_factor(T) * (ρ * g * h0 / 4)**n
q = 1 - (1 - (dh / h0) * (x / Lx))**(n + 1)
du = Z * q * Lx * (h0 / dh) / (n + 1)
u = interpolate(as_vector((u0 + du, 0)), V)
h = interpolate(h0 - dh * x / Lx, Q)
A = firedrake.Constant(icepack.rate_factor(T))
S = firedrake.TensorFunctionSpace(mesh, "DG", 1)
ε = firedrake.project(sym(grad(u)), S)
M = firedrake.project(membrane_stress(strain_rate=ε, fluidity=A), S)
degree = 1
Δ = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, "DG", degree)
D_inflow = firedrake.Constant(0.0)
D = firedrake.Function(Δ)
damage_model = icepack.models.DamageTransport()
damage_solver = icepack.solvers.DamageSolver(damage_model)
final_time = Lx / u0
max_speed = u.at((Lx - 1.0, Ly / 2), tolerance=1e-10)[0]
δx = Lx / nx
timestep = δx / max_speed / (2 * degree + 1)
num_steps = int(final_time / timestep)
dt = final_time / num_steps
for step in range(num_steps):
D = damage_solver.solve(
dt,
damage=D,
velocity=u,
strain_rate=ε,
membrane_stress=M,
damage_inflow=D_inflow,
)
Dmax = D.dat.data_ro[:].max()
assert 0 < Dmax < 1
def test_poisson_inverse(solver_type):
Nx, Ny = 32, 32
mesh = firedrake.UnitSquareMesh(Nx, Ny)
degree = 2
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, 'CG', degree)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
q_true = interpolate(-4 * ((x - 0.5)**2 + (y - 0.5)**2), Q)
f = interpolate(firedrake.Constant(1), Q)
dirichlet_ids = [1, 2, 3, 4]
model = PoissonModel()
u_obs = model.solve(q=q_true, f=f, dirichlet_ids=dirichlet_ids)
q0 = interpolate(firedrake.Constant(0), Q)
u0 = model.solve(q=q0, f=f, dirichlet_ids=dirichlet_ids)
def callback(inverse_solver):
misfit = firedrake.assemble(inverse_solver.objective)
regularization = firedrake.assemble(inverse_solver.regularization)
q = inverse_solver.parameter
error = firedrake.norm(q - q_true)
print(misfit, regularization, error)
L = firedrake.Constant(1e-4)
problem = icepack.inverse.InverseProblem(
model=model,
method=PoissonModel.solve,
objective=lambda u: 0.5 * (u - u_obs)**2 * dx,
regularization=lambda q: L**2 / 2 * inner(grad(q), grad(q)) * dx,
state_name='u',
state=u0,
parameter_name='q',
parameter=q0,
model_args={'f': f},
dirichlet_ids=dirichlet_ids)
solver = solver_type(problem, callback)
assert solver.state is not None
assert icepack.norm(solver.state) > 0
assert icepack.norm(solver.adjoint_state) > 0
assert icepack.norm(solver.search_direction) > 0
max_iterations = 1000
iterations = solver.solve(rtol=2.5e-2,
atol=1e-8,
max_iterations=max_iterations)
print('Number of iterations: {}'.format(iterations))
assert iterations < max_iterations
q = solver.parameter
assert icepack.norm(q - q_true) < 0.25
def test_computing_surface():
N = 16
mesh = firedrake.RectangleMesh(N, N, Lx, Ly)
degree = 2
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, "CG", degree)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
h = interpolate(h0 - dh * x / Lx, Q)
b0 = ρ_I / ρ_W * (dh / 2 - h0)
b = interpolate(firedrake.Constant(b0), Q)
s = icepack.compute_surface(thickness=h, bed=b)
x0, y0 = Lx / 2, Ly / 2
assert abs(s((x0, y0)) - (1 - ρ_I / ρ_W) * h((x0, y0))) < 1e-8
def test_ice_stream_prognostic_solve():
Lx, Ly = 20e3, 20e3
h0, dh = 500.0, 100.0
T = 254.15
u0 = 100.0
model = icepack.models.IceStream()
opts = {'dirichlet_ids': [1], 'side_wall_ids': [3, 4], 'tol': 1e-12}
N = 32
mesh = firedrake.RectangleMesh(N, N, Lx, Ly)
V = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, family='CG', degree=2)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, family='CG', degree=2)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
height_above_flotation = 10.0
d = -ρ_I / ρ_W * (h0 - dh) + height_above_flotation
ρ = ρ_I - ρ_W * d**2 / (h0 - dh)**2
Z = icepack.rate_factor(T) * (ρ * g * h0 / 4)**n
q = 1 - (1 - (dh / h0) * (x / Lx))**(n + 1)
ux = u0 + Z * q * Lx * (h0 / dh) / (n + 1)
u0 = interpolate(firedrake.as_vector((ux, 0)), V)
thickness = h0 - dh * x / Lx
β = 1 / 2
α = β * ρ / ρ_I * dh / Lx
h = interpolate(h0 - dh * x / Lx, Q)
h_inflow = h.copy(deepcopy=True)
ds = (1 + β) * ρ / ρ_I * dh
s = interpolate(d + h0 - dh + ds * (1 - x / Lx), Q)
b = interpolate(s - h, Q)
C = interpolate(α * (ρ_I * g * thickness) * ux**(-1 / m), Q)
A = firedrake.Constant(icepack.rate_factor(T))
final_time, dt = 1.0, 1.0 / 12
num_timesteps = int(final_time / dt)
u = model.diagnostic_solve(u0=u0, h=h, s=s, C=C, A=A, **opts)
a0 = firedrake.Constant(0)
a = (model.prognostic_solve(dt, h0=h, a=a0, u=u) - h) / dt
for k in range(num_timesteps):
h = model.prognostic_solve(dt, h0=h, a=a, u=u, h_inflow=h_inflow)
s = icepack.compute_surface(h=h, b=b)
u = model.diagnostic_solve(u0=u, h=h, s=s, C=C, A=A, **opts)
assert icepack.norm(h, norm_type='Linfty') < np.inf
def test_ice_shelf_prognostic_solver(solver_type):
ρ = ρ_I * (1 - ρ_I / ρ_W)
Lx, Ly = 20.0e3, 20.0e3
h0 = 500.0
u0 = 100.0
T = 254.15
model = icepack.models.IceShelf(mass_transport=solver_type())
opts = {'dirichlet_ids': [1], 'side_wall_ids': [3, 4], 'tol': 1e-12}
delta_x, error = [], []
for N in range(16, 65, 4):
delta_x.append(Lx / N)
mesh = firedrake.RectangleMesh(N, N, Lx, Ly)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
degree = 2
V = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, 'CG', degree)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, 'CG', degree)
q = (n + 1) * (ρ * g * h0 * u0 / 4)**n * icepack.rate_factor(T)
ux = (u0**(n + 1) + q * x)**(1 / (n + 1))
h = interpolate(h0 * u0 / ux, Q)
h_initial = h.copy(deepcopy=True)
A = firedrake.Constant(icepack.rate_factor(T))
a = firedrake.Constant(0)
u_guess = interpolate(firedrake.as_vector((ux, 0)), V)
u = model.diagnostic_solve(u0=u_guess, h=h, A=A, **opts)
final_time, dt = 1.0, 1.0 / 12
num_timesteps = int(final_time / dt)
for k in range(num_timesteps):
h = model.prognostic_solve(dt, h0=h, a=a, u=u, h_inflow=h_initial)
u = model.diagnostic_solve(u0=u, h=h, A=A, **opts)
error.append(norm(h - h_initial) / norm(h_initial))
print(delta_x[-1], error[-1])
log_delta_x = np.log2(np.array(delta_x))
log_error = np.log2(np.array(error))
slope, intercept = np.polyfit(log_delta_x, log_error, 1)
print('log(error) ~= {:g} * log(dx) + {:g}'.format(slope, intercept))
assert slope > degree - 0.05
def test_vertical_velocity():
Lx, Ly = 20e3, 20e3
nx, ny = 48, 48
mesh2d = firedrake.RectangleMesh(nx, ny, Lx, Ly)
mesh = firedrake.ExtrudedMesh(mesh2d, layers=1)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh,
family="CG",
degree=2,
vfamily="DG",
vdegree=0)
Q3D = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh,
family="DG",
degree=2,
vfamily="GL",
vdegree=6)
V = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh,
dim=2,
family="CG",
degree=2,
vfamily="GL",
vdegree=5)
# note we should call the families in the vertical velocity solver.
x, y, ζ = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
u_inflow = 1.0
v_inflow = 2.0
mu = 0.003
mv = 0.001
b = firedrake.interpolate(firedrake.Constant(0.0), Q)
s = firedrake.interpolate(firedrake.Constant(1000.0), Q)
h = firedrake.interpolate(s - b, Q)
u = firedrake.interpolate(
firedrake.as_vector((mu * x + u_inflow, mv * y + v_inflow)), V)
m = -0.01
def analytic_vertical_velocity(h, ζ, mu, mv, m, Q3D):
return firedrake.interpolate(
firedrake.Constant(m) - (firedrake.Constant(mu + mv) * h * ζ), Q3D)
w = firedrake.interpolate(
icepack.utilities.vertical_velocity(u, h, m=m) * h, Q3D)
w_analytic = analytic_vertical_velocity(h, ζ, mu, mv, m, Q3D)
assert np.mean(np.abs(w.dat.data - w_analytic.dat.data)) < 10e-9
def test_mass_transport_solver_convergence(solver_type):
Lx, Ly = 1.0, 1.0
u0 = 1.0
h_in, dh = 1.0, 0.2
delta_x, error = [], []
model = icepack.models.IceShelf()
for N in range(24, 97, 4):
delta_x.append(Lx / N)
mesh = firedrake.RectangleMesh(N, N, Lx, Ly)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
degree = 1
V = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, family='CG', degree=degree)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, family='CG', degree=degree)
solver = icepack.solvers.FlowSolver(
model, prognostic_solver_type=solver_type
)
h0 = interpolate(h_in - dh * x / Lx, Q)
a = firedrake.Function(Q)
u = interpolate(firedrake.as_vector((u0, 0)), V)
T = 0.5
δx = 1.0 / N
δt = δx / u0
num_timesteps = int(T / δt)
h = h0.copy(deepcopy=True)
for step in range(num_timesteps):
h = solver.prognostic_solve(
δt,
thickness=h,
velocity=u,
accumulation=a,
thickness_inflow=h0
)
z = x - u0 * num_timesteps * δt
h_exact = interpolate(h_in - dh/Lx * firedrake.max_value(0, z), Q)
error.append(norm(h - h_exact) / norm(h_exact))
print(delta_x[-1], error[-1])
log_delta_x = np.log2(np.array(delta_x))
log_error = np.log2(np.array(error))
slope, intercept = np.polyfit(log_delta_x, log_error, 1)
print('log(error) ~= {:g} * log(dx) + {:g}'.format(slope, intercept))
assert slope > degree - 0.1
def test_shallow_ice_prognostic_solve():
R = Constant(500e3)
num_refinements = 4
mesh = firedrake.UnitDiskMesh(num_refinements)
mesh.coordinates.dat.data[:] *= float(R)
T = Constant(254.15)
A = icepack.rate_factor(T)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, "CG", 2)
V = firedrake.VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, "CG", 2)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
r = firedrake.sqrt(x**2 + y**2)
β = Constant(0.5)
h_divide = Constant(4e3)
h_expr = h_divide * firedrake.max_value(0, 1 - (r / (β * R))**2)
h_0 = interpolate(h_expr, Q)
h = h_0.copy(deepcopy=True)
u = firedrake.Function(V)
b = Constant(0.0)
s = interpolate(b + h, Q)
a = Constant(0.0)
model = icepack.models.ShallowIce()
solver = icepack.solvers.FlowSolver(model)
final_time = 100.0
dt = 1.0
num_steps = int(final_time / dt)
for step in range(num_steps):
u = solver.diagnostic_solve(velocity=u,
thickness=h,
surface=s,
fluidity=A)
h = solver.prognostic_solve(dt,
thickness=h,
velocity=u,
accumulation=a)
h.interpolate(firedrake.max_value(0, h))
s.assign(b + h)
error = abs(assemble(h * dx) / assemble(h_0 * dx) - 1)
assert error < 1 / 2**(num_refinements + 1)
def _plot_2d_field(method_name,
function,
*args,
complex_component="real",
**kwargs):
axes = kwargs.pop("axes", None)
if axes is None:
figure = plt.figure()
axes = figure.add_subplot(111)
if len(function.ufl_shape) == 1:
mesh = function.ufl_domain()
element = function.ufl_element().sub_elements()[0]
Q = FunctionSpace(mesh, element)
function = interpolate(sqrt(inner(function, function)), Q)
num_sample_points = kwargs.pop("num_sample_points", 10)
coords, vals, triangles = _two_dimension_triangle_func_val(
function, num_sample_points)
coords = toreal(coords, "real")
x, y = coords[:, 0], coords[:, 1]
triangulation = matplotlib.tri.Triangulation(x, y, triangles=triangles)
method = getattr(axes, method_name)
return method(triangulation, toreal(vals, complex_component), *args,
**kwargs)
def trisurf(function, *args, **kwargs):
r"""Create a 3D surface plot of a 2D Firedrake :class:`~.Function`
If the input function is a vector field, the magnitude will be plotted.
:arg function: the Firedrake :class:`~.Function` to plot
:arg args: same as for matplotlib :meth:`plot_trisurf <mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d.Axes3D.plot_trisurf>`
:arg kwargs: same as for matplotlib
:return: matplotlib :class:`Poly3DCollection <mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d.Poly3DCollection>` object
"""
axes = kwargs.pop("axes", None)
if axes is None:
figure = plt.figure()
axes = figure.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
_kwargs = {"antialiased": False, "edgecolor": "none",
"cmap": plt.rcParams["image.cmap"]}
_kwargs.update(kwargs)
mesh = function.ufl_domain()
if mesh.geometric_dimension() == 3:
return _trisurf_3d(axes, function, *args, **_kwargs)
if len(function.ufl_shape) == 1:
element = function.ufl_element().sub_elements()[0]
Q = FunctionSpace(mesh, element)
function = interpolate(sqrt(inner(function, function)), Q)
num_sample_points = kwargs.pop("num_sample_points", 10)
coords, vals, triangles = _two_dimension_triangle_func_val(function,
num_sample_points)
x, y = coords[:, 0], coords[:, 1]
triangulation = matplotlib.tri.Triangulation(x, y, triangles=triangles)
_kwargs.update({"shade": False})
return axes.plot_trisurf(triangulation, vals, *args, **_kwargs)
def test_firedrake_forward():
numpy_output, _, _, _, = evaluate_primal(assemble_firedrake, templates,
*inputs)
u1 = firedrake.interpolate(firedrake.Constant(1.0), V)
J = assemble_firedrake(u1, firedrake.Constant(0.5),
firedrake.Constant(0.6))
assert np.isclose(numpy_output, J)
def _plot_2d_field(method_name,
function,
*args,
complex_component="real",
**kwargs):
axes = kwargs.pop("axes", None)
if axes is None:
figure = plt.figure()
axes = figure.add_subplot(111)
Q = function.function_space()
mesh = Q.mesh()
if len(function.ufl_shape) == 1:
element = function.ufl_element().sub_elements()[0]
Q = FunctionSpace(mesh, element)
function = interpolate(sqrt(inner(function, function)), Q)
num_sample_points = kwargs.pop("num_sample_points", 10)
function_plotter = FunctionPlotter(mesh, num_sample_points)
triangulation = function_plotter.triangulation
values = function_plotter(function)
method = getattr(axes, method_name)
return method(triangulation, toreal(values, complex_component), *args,
**kwargs)
def test_plot_field():
mesh = firedrake.UnitSquareMesh(32, 32)
Q = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, "CG", 1)
x, y = firedrake.SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
u = interpolate(x * y, Q)
fig, axes = icepack.plot.subplots(nrows=2,
ncols=2,
sharex=True,
sharey=True)
filled_contours = icepack.plot.tricontourf(u, axes=axes[0, 0])
assert filled_contours is not None
colorbar = plt.colorbar(filled_contours, ax=axes[0, 0])
assert colorbar is not None
contours = icepack.plot.tricontour(u, axes=axes[0, 1])
assert contours is not None
colors_flat = icepack.plot.tripcolor(u, shading="flat", axes=axes[1, 0])
assert colors_flat is not None
colors_gouraud = icepack.plot.tripcolor(u,
shading="gouraud",
axes=axes[1, 1])
assert colors_flat.get_array().shape != colors_gouraud.get_array().shape
# We'll also need the test and trial functions corresponding to this
# function space::
u = fd.TrialFunction(V)
v = fd.TestFunction(V)
# We declare a function over our function space and give it the
# value of our right hand side function::
# Permeability tensor
# Homogeneous
one = fd.Constant(1.0)
zero = fd.Constant(0.0)
Khom = fd.interpolate(one, V)
Khom.rename('K', 'Permeability')
# Heterogeneous
x, y, z = fd.SpatialCoordinate(W.mesh())
fx = fd.pi/Lx/2
fy = fd.pi/Ly/2
fz = fd.pi/Lz
Khet = fd.as_tensor(((1.0 + x, 0, 0),
(0, 1.0+y, 0),
(0, 0, 1.0+z)))
#Khet = fd.as_tensor(((1,0,0),(0,1,0),(0,0,1)))
#Khet = fd.as_tensor(((1,0),(0,1)))
Khet = fd.Function(W).interpolate(Khet)
def plot_mesh(mesh, axes=None, surface=False, colors=None, **kwargs):
"""Plot a mesh.
:arg mesh: The mesh to plot.
:arg axes: Optional matplotlib axes to draw on.
:arg surface: Plot surface of mesh only?
:arg colors: Colour for the edges (passed to constructor of LineCollection)
:arg **kwargs: Extra keyword arguments to pass to matplotlib.
Note that high-order coordinate fields are downsampled to
piecewise linear first.
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
gdim = mesh.geometric_dimension()
tdim = mesh.topological_dimension()
if surface:
tdim -= 1
if tdim not in [1, 2]:
raise NotImplementedError("Not implemented except for %d-dimensional meshes", tdim)
if gdim == 3:
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D # noqa: F401
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Line3DCollection as Lines
projection = "3d"
else:
from matplotlib.collections import LineCollection as Lines
from matplotlib.collections import CircleCollection as Circles
projection = None
coordinates = mesh.coordinates
ele = coordinates.function_space().ufl_element()
if ele.degree() != 1:
# Interpolate to piecewise linear.
from firedrake import VectorFunctionSpace, interpolate
V = VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, ele.family(), 1)
coordinates = interpolate(coordinates, V)
idx = tuple(range(tdim + 1))
if surface:
values = coordinates.exterior_facet_node_map().values
dofs = np.asarray(list(coordinates.function_space().finat_element.entity_closure_dofs()[tdim].values()))
local_facet = mesh.exterior_facets.local_facet_dat.data_ro
indices = dofs[local_facet]
values = np.choose(indices, values[np.newaxis, ...].T)
else:
quad = mesh.ufl_cell().cellname() == "quadrilateral"
values = coordinates.cell_node_map().values
if tdim == 2 and quad:
# permute for clockwise ordering
idx = (0, 1, 3, 2)
# Plus first vertex again to close loop
idx = idx + (0, )
coords = coordinates.dat.data_ro
if tdim == gdim and tdim == 1:
# Pad 1D array with zeros
coords = np.dstack((coords, np.zeros_like(coords))).reshape(-1, 2)
vertices = coords[values[:, idx]]
if axes is None:
figure = plt.figure()
axes = figure.add_subplot(111, projection=projection, **kwargs)
lines = Lines(vertices, colors=colors)
if gdim == 3:
axes.add_collection3d(lines)
else:
if not surface:
points = np.unique(vertices.reshape(-1, gdim), axis=0)
points = Circles([10] * points.shape[0],
offsets=points,
transOffset=axes.transData,
edgecolors="black", facecolors="black")
axes.add_collection(points)
axes.add_collection(lines)
for setter, idx in zip(["set_xlim",
"set_ylim",
"set_zlim"],
range(coords.shape[1])):
try:
setter = getattr(axes, setter)
except AttributeError:
continue
amin = coords[:, idx].min()
amax = coords[:, idx].max()
extra = (amax - amin) / 20
if extra == 0.0:
# 1D interval
extra = 0.5
amin -= extra
amax += extra
setter(amin, amax)
axes.set_aspect("equal")
return axes
def plot_mesh(mesh, axes=None, **kwargs):
"""Plot a mesh.
:arg mesh: The mesh to plot.
:arg axes: Optional matplotlib axes to draw on.
:arg **kwargs: Extra keyword arguments to pass to matplotlib.
Note that high-order coordinate fields are downsampled to
piecewise linear first.
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
gdim = mesh.geometric_dimension()
tdim = mesh.topological_dimension()
if tdim not in [1, 2]:
raise NotImplementedError("Not implemented except for %d-dimensional meshes", tdim)
if gdim == 3:
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D # noqa: F401
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Line3DCollection as Lines
projection = "3d"
else:
from matplotlib.collections import LineCollection as Lines
from matplotlib.collections import CircleCollection as Circles
projection = None
coordinates = mesh.coordinates
ele = coordinates.function_space().ufl_element()
if ele.degree() != 1:
# Interpolate to piecewise linear.
from firedrake import VectorFunctionSpace, interpolate
V = VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, ele.family(), 1)
coordinates = interpolate(coordinates, V)
quad = mesh.ufl_cell().cellname() == "quadrilateral"
cell = coordinates.cell_node_map().values
if tdim == 2:
if quad:
# permute for clockwise ordering
# Plus first vertex again to close loop
idx = (0, 1, 3, 2, 0)
else:
idx = (0, 1, 2, 0)
else:
idx = (0, 1, 0)
coords = coordinates.dat.data_ro
if tdim == gdim and tdim == 1:
# Pad 1D array with zeros
coords = np.dstack((coords, np.zeros_like(coords))).reshape(-1, 2)
vertices = coords[cell[:, idx]]
figure = plt.figure()
if axes is None:
axes = figure.add_subplot(111, projection=projection, **kwargs)
lines = Lines(vertices)
if gdim == 3:
axes.add_collection3d(lines)
else:
points = Circles([10] * coords.shape[0],
offsets=coords,
transOffset=axes.transData,
edgecolors="black", facecolors="black")
axes.add_collection(lines)
axes.add_collection(points)
for setter, idx in zip(["set_xlim",
"set_ylim",
"set_zlim"],
range(coords.shape[1])):
try:
setter = getattr(axes, setter)
except AttributeError:
continue
amin = coords[:, idx].min()
amax = coords[:, idx].max()
extra = (amax - amin) / 20
if extra == 0.0:
# 1D interval
extra = 0.5
amin -= extra
amax += extra
setter(amin, amax)
axes.set_aspect("equal")
return axes