class Backtesting:
"""
Backtesting class, this class contains all the logic to run a backtest
To run a backtest:
backtesting = Backtesting(config)
backtesting.start()
"""
def __init__(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
LoggingMixin.show_output = False
self.config = config
# Reset keys for backtesting
remove_credentials(self.config)
self.strategylist: List[IStrategy] = []
self.all_results: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
self.exchange = ExchangeResolver.load_exchange(
self.config['exchange']['name'], self.config)
self.dataprovider = DataProvider(self.config, None)
if self.config.get('strategy_list', None):
for strat in list(self.config['strategy_list']):
stratconf = deepcopy(self.config)
stratconf['strategy'] = strat
self.strategylist.append(
StrategyResolver.load_strategy(stratconf))
validate_config_consistency(stratconf)
else:
# No strategy list specified, only one strategy
self.strategylist.append(
StrategyResolver.load_strategy(self.config))
validate_config_consistency(self.config)
if "timeframe" not in self.config:
raise OperationalException(
"Timeframe (ticker interval) needs to be set in either "
"configuration or as cli argument `--timeframe 5m`")
self.timeframe = str(self.config.get('timeframe'))
self.timeframe_min = timeframe_to_minutes(self.timeframe)
self.pairlists = PairListManager(self.exchange, self.config)
if 'VolumePairList' in self.pairlists.name_list:
raise OperationalException(
"VolumePairList not allowed for backtesting.")
if 'PerformanceFilter' in self.pairlists.name_list:
raise OperationalException(
"PerformanceFilter not allowed for backtesting.")
if len(self.strategylist
) > 1 and 'PrecisionFilter' in self.pairlists.name_list:
raise OperationalException(
"PrecisionFilter not allowed for backtesting multiple strategies."
)
self.dataprovider.add_pairlisthandler(self.pairlists)
self.pairlists.refresh_pairlist()
if len(self.pairlists.whitelist) == 0:
raise OperationalException("No pair in whitelist.")
if config.get('fee', None) is not None:
self.fee = config['fee']
else:
self.fee = self.exchange.get_fee(
symbol=self.pairlists.whitelist[0])
Trade.use_db = False
Trade.reset_trades()
PairLocks.timeframe = self.config['timeframe']
PairLocks.use_db = False
PairLocks.reset_locks()
self.wallets = Wallets(self.config, self.exchange, log=False)
# Get maximum required startup period
self.required_startup = max(
[strat.startup_candle_count for strat in self.strategylist])
def __del__(self):
LoggingMixin.show_output = True
PairLocks.use_db = True
Trade.use_db = True
def _set_strategy(self, strategy: IStrategy):
"""
Load strategy into backtesting
"""
self.strategy: IStrategy = strategy
strategy.dp = self.dataprovider
# Set stoploss_on_exchange to false for backtesting,
# since a "perfect" stoploss-sell is assumed anyway
# And the regular "stoploss" function would not apply to that case
self.strategy.order_types['stoploss_on_exchange'] = False
if self.config.get('enable_protections', False):
conf = self.config
if hasattr(strategy, 'protections'):
conf = deepcopy(conf)
conf['protections'] = strategy.protections
self.protections = ProtectionManager(self.config,
strategy.protections)
def load_bt_data(self) -> Tuple[Dict[str, DataFrame], TimeRange]:
"""
Loads backtest data and returns the data combined with the timerange
as tuple.
"""
timerange = TimeRange.parse_timerange(None if self.config.get(
'timerange') is None else str(self.config.get('timerange')))
data = history.load_data(
datadir=self.config['datadir'],
pairs=self.pairlists.whitelist,
timeframe=self.timeframe,
timerange=timerange,
startup_candles=self.required_startup,
fail_without_data=True,
data_format=self.config.get('dataformat_ohlcv', 'json'),
)
min_date, max_date = history.get_timerange(data)
logger.info(
f'Loading data from {min_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'up to {max_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'({(max_date - min_date).days} days).')
# Adjust startts forward if not enough data is available
timerange.adjust_start_if_necessary(
timeframe_to_seconds(self.timeframe), self.required_startup,
min_date)
return data, timerange
def prepare_backtest(self, enable_protections):
"""
Backtesting setup method - called once for every call to "backtest()".
"""
PairLocks.use_db = False
PairLocks.timeframe = self.config['timeframe']
Trade.use_db = False
PairLocks.reset_locks()
Trade.reset_trades()
self.rejected_trades = 0
self.dataprovider.clear_cache()
def _get_ohlcv_as_lists(
self, processed: Dict[str, DataFrame]) -> Dict[str, Tuple]:
"""
Helper function to convert a processed dataframes into lists for performance reasons.
Used by backtest() - so keep this optimized for performance.
"""
# Every change to this headers list must evaluate further usages of the resulting tuple
# and eventually change the constants for indexes at the top
headers = ['date', 'buy', 'open', 'close', 'sell', 'low', 'high']
data: Dict = {}
# Create dict with data
for pair, pair_data in processed.items():
if not pair_data.empty:
pair_data.loc[:, 'buy'] = 0 # cleanup if buy_signal is exist
pair_data.loc[:, 'sell'] = 0 # cleanup if sell_signal is exist
df_analyzed = self.strategy.advise_sell(
self.strategy.advise_buy(pair_data, {'pair': pair}),
{'pair': pair})[headers].copy()
# To avoid using data from future, we use buy/sell signals shifted
# from the previous candle
df_analyzed.loc[:, 'buy'] = df_analyzed.loc[:, 'buy'].shift(1)
df_analyzed.loc[:, 'sell'] = df_analyzed.loc[:, 'sell'].shift(1)
df_analyzed.drop(df_analyzed.head(1).index, inplace=True)
# Convert from Pandas to list for performance reasons
# (Looping Pandas is slow.)
data[pair] = df_analyzed.values.tolist()
return data
def _get_close_rate(self, sell_row: Tuple, trade: LocalTrade,
sell: SellCheckTuple, trade_dur: int) -> float:
"""
Get close rate for backtesting result
"""
# Special handling if high or low hit STOP_LOSS or ROI
if sell.sell_type in (SellType.STOP_LOSS, SellType.TRAILING_STOP_LOSS):
if trade.stop_loss > sell_row[HIGH_IDX]:
# our stoploss was already higher than candle high,
# possibly due to a cancelled trade exit.
# sell at open price.
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
# Special case: trailing triggers within same candle as trade opened. Assume most
# pessimistic price movement, which is moving just enough to arm stoploss and
# immediately going down to stop price.
if (sell.sell_type == SellType.TRAILING_STOP_LOSS
and trade_dur == 0
and self.strategy.trailing_stop_positive):
if self.strategy.trailing_only_offset_is_reached:
# Worst case: price reaches stop_positive_offset and dives down.
stop_rate = (
sell_row[OPEN_IDX] *
(1 + abs(self.strategy.trailing_stop_positive_offset) -
abs(self.strategy.trailing_stop_positive)))
else:
# Worst case: price ticks tiny bit above open and dives down.
stop_rate = sell_row[OPEN_IDX] * (
1 - abs(self.strategy.trailing_stop_positive))
assert stop_rate < sell_row[HIGH_IDX]
return stop_rate
# Set close_rate to stoploss
return trade.stop_loss
elif sell.sell_type == (SellType.ROI):
roi_entry, roi = self.strategy.min_roi_reached_entry(trade_dur)
if roi is not None and roi_entry is not None:
if roi == -1 and roi_entry % self.timeframe_min == 0:
# When forceselling with ROI=-1, the roi time will always be equal to trade_dur.
# If that entry is a multiple of the timeframe (so on candle open)
# - we'll use open instead of close
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
# - (Expected abs profit + open_rate + open_fee) / (fee_close -1)
close_rate = -(trade.open_rate * roi + trade.open_rate *
(1 + trade.fee_open)) / (trade.fee_close - 1)
if (trade_dur > 0 and trade_dur == roi_entry
and roi_entry % self.timeframe_min == 0
and sell_row[OPEN_IDX] > close_rate):
# new ROI entry came into effect.
# use Open rate if open_rate > calculated sell rate
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
# Use the maximum between close_rate and low as we
# cannot sell outside of a candle.
# Applies when a new ROI setting comes in place and the whole candle is above that.
return min(max(close_rate, sell_row[LOW_IDX]),
sell_row[HIGH_IDX])
else:
# This should not be reached...
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
else:
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
def _get_sell_trade_entry(self, trade: LocalTrade,
sell_row: Tuple) -> Optional[LocalTrade]:
sell = self.strategy.should_sell(
trade,
sell_row[OPEN_IDX], # type: ignore
sell_row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime(),
sell_row[BUY_IDX],
sell_row[SELL_IDX],
low=sell_row[LOW_IDX],
high=sell_row[HIGH_IDX])
if sell.sell_flag:
trade.close_date = sell_row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime()
trade.sell_reason = sell.sell_reason
trade_dur = int(
(trade.close_date_utc - trade.open_date_utc).total_seconds() //
60)
closerate = self._get_close_rate(sell_row, trade, sell, trade_dur)
# Confirm trade exit:
time_in_force = self.strategy.order_time_in_force['sell']
if not strategy_safe_wrapper(
self.strategy.confirm_trade_exit, default_retval=True)(
pair=trade.pair,
trade=trade,
order_type='limit',
amount=trade.amount,
rate=closerate,
time_in_force=time_in_force,
sell_reason=sell.sell_reason,
current_time=sell_row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime()):
return None
trade.close(closerate, show_msg=False)
return trade
return None
def _enter_trade(self, pair: str, row: List) -> Optional[LocalTrade]:
try:
stake_amount = self.wallets.get_trade_stake_amount(pair, None)
except DependencyException:
return None
min_stake_amount = self.exchange.get_min_pair_stake_amount(
pair, row[OPEN_IDX], -0.05)
order_type = self.strategy.order_types['buy']
time_in_force = self.strategy.order_time_in_force['sell']
# Confirm trade entry:
if not strategy_safe_wrapper(
self.strategy.confirm_trade_entry, default_retval=True)(
pair=pair,
order_type=order_type,
amount=stake_amount,
rate=row[OPEN_IDX],
time_in_force=time_in_force,
current_time=row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime()):
return None
if stake_amount and (not min_stake_amount
or stake_amount > min_stake_amount):
# Enter trade
trade = LocalTrade(
pair=pair,
open_rate=row[OPEN_IDX],
open_date=row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime(),
stake_amount=stake_amount,
amount=round(stake_amount / row[OPEN_IDX], 8),
fee_open=self.fee,
fee_close=self.fee,
is_open=True,
exchange='backtesting',
)
return trade
return None
def handle_left_open(self, open_trades: Dict[str, List[LocalTrade]],
data: Dict[str, List[Tuple]]) -> List[LocalTrade]:
"""
Handling of left open trades at the end of backtesting
"""
trades = []
for pair in open_trades.keys():
if len(open_trades[pair]) > 0:
for trade in open_trades[pair]:
sell_row = data[pair][-1]
trade.close_date = sell_row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime()
trade.sell_reason = SellType.FORCE_SELL.value
trade.close(sell_row[OPEN_IDX], show_msg=False)
LocalTrade.close_bt_trade(trade)
# Deepcopy object to have wallets update correctly
trade1 = deepcopy(trade)
trade1.is_open = True
trades.append(trade1)
return trades
def trade_slot_available(self, max_open_trades: int,
open_trade_count: int) -> bool:
# Always allow trades when max_open_trades is enabled.
if max_open_trades <= 0 or open_trade_count < max_open_trades:
return True
# Rejected trade
self.rejected_trades += 1
return False
def backtest(self,
processed: Dict,
start_date: datetime,
end_date: datetime,
max_open_trades: int = 0,
position_stacking: bool = False,
enable_protections: bool = False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
Implement backtesting functionality
NOTE: This method is used by Hyperopt at each iteration. Please keep it optimized.
Of course try to not have ugly code. By some accessor are sometime slower than functions.
Avoid extensive logging in this method and functions it calls.
:param processed: a processed dictionary with format {pair, data}
:param start_date: backtesting timerange start datetime
:param end_date: backtesting timerange end datetime
:param max_open_trades: maximum number of concurrent trades, <= 0 means unlimited
:param position_stacking: do we allow position stacking?
:param enable_protections: Should protections be enabled?
:return: DataFrame with trades (results of backtesting)
"""
trades: List[LocalTrade] = []
self.prepare_backtest(enable_protections)
# Update dataprovider cache
for pair, dataframe in processed.items():
self.dataprovider._set_cached_df(pair, self.timeframe, dataframe)
# Use dict of lists with data for performance
# (looping lists is a lot faster than pandas DataFrames)
data: Dict = self._get_ohlcv_as_lists(processed)
# Indexes per pair, so some pairs are allowed to have a missing start.
indexes: Dict = defaultdict(int)
tmp = start_date + timedelta(minutes=self.timeframe_min)
open_trades: Dict[str, List[LocalTrade]] = defaultdict(list)
open_trade_count = 0
# Loop timerange and get candle for each pair at that point in time
while tmp <= end_date:
open_trade_count_start = open_trade_count
for i, pair in enumerate(data):
row_index = indexes[pair]
try:
row = data[pair][row_index]
except IndexError:
# missing Data for one pair at the end.
# Warnings for this are shown during data loading
continue
# Waits until the time-counter reaches the start of the data for this pair.
if row[DATE_IDX] > tmp:
continue
row_index += 1
self.dataprovider._set_dataframe_max_index(row_index)
indexes[pair] = row_index
# without positionstacking, we can only have one open trade per pair.
# max_open_trades must be respected
# don't open on the last row
if ((position_stacking or len(open_trades[pair]) == 0)
and self.trade_slot_available(max_open_trades,
open_trade_count_start)
and tmp != end_date and row[BUY_IDX] == 1
and row[SELL_IDX] != 1
and not PairLocks.is_pair_locked(pair, row[DATE_IDX])):
trade = self._enter_trade(pair, row)
if trade:
# TODO: hacky workaround to avoid opening > max_open_trades
# This emulates previous behaviour - not sure if this is correct
# Prevents buying if the trade-slot was freed in this candle
open_trade_count_start += 1
open_trade_count += 1
# logger.debug(f"{pair} - Emulate creation of new trade: {trade}.")
open_trades[pair].append(trade)
LocalTrade.add_bt_trade(trade)
for trade in open_trades[pair]:
# also check the buying candle for sell conditions.
trade_entry = self._get_sell_trade_entry(trade, row)
# Sell occured
if trade_entry:
# logger.debug(f"{pair} - Backtesting sell {trade}")
open_trade_count -= 1
open_trades[pair].remove(trade)
LocalTrade.close_bt_trade(trade)
trades.append(trade_entry)
if enable_protections:
self.protections.stop_per_pair(pair, row[DATE_IDX])
self.protections.global_stop(tmp)
# Move time one configured time_interval ahead.
tmp += timedelta(minutes=self.timeframe_min)
trades += self.handle_left_open(open_trades, data=data)
self.wallets.update()
results = trade_list_to_dataframe(trades)
return {
'results':
results,
'config':
self.strategy.config,
'locks':
PairLocks.get_all_locks(),
'rejected_signals':
self.rejected_trades,
'final_balance':
self.wallets.get_total(self.strategy.config['stake_currency']),
}
def backtest_one_strategy(self, strat: IStrategy, data: Dict[str, Any],
timerange: TimeRange):
logger.info("Running backtesting for Strategy %s",
strat.get_strategy_name())
backtest_start_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
self._set_strategy(strat)
strategy_safe_wrapper(self.strategy.bot_loop_start,
supress_error=True)()
# Use max_open_trades in backtesting, except --disable-max-market-positions is set
if self.config.get('use_max_market_positions', True):
# Must come from strategy config, as the strategy may modify this setting.
max_open_trades = self.strategy.config['max_open_trades']
else:
logger.info(
'Ignoring max_open_trades (--disable-max-market-positions was used) ...'
)
max_open_trades = 0
# need to reprocess data every time to populate signals
preprocessed = self.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe(data)
# Trim startup period from analyzed dataframe
preprocessed = trim_dataframes(preprocessed, timerange,
self.required_startup)
if not preprocessed:
raise OperationalException(
"No data left after adjusting for startup candles.")
min_date, max_date = history.get_timerange(preprocessed)
logger.info(
f'Backtesting with data from {min_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'up to {max_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'({(max_date - min_date).days} days).')
# Execute backtest and store results
results = self.backtest(
processed=preprocessed,
start_date=min_date,
end_date=max_date,
max_open_trades=max_open_trades,
position_stacking=self.config.get('position_stacking', False),
enable_protections=self.config.get('enable_protections', False),
)
backtest_end_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
results.update({
'backtest_start_time':
int(backtest_start_time.timestamp()),
'backtest_end_time':
int(backtest_end_time.timestamp()),
})
self.all_results[self.strategy.get_strategy_name()] = results
return min_date, max_date
def start(self) -> None:
"""
Run backtesting end-to-end
:return: None
"""
data: Dict[str, Any] = {}
data, timerange = self.load_bt_data()
logger.info("Dataload complete. Calculating indicators")
for strat in self.strategylist:
min_date, max_date = self.backtest_one_strategy(
strat, data, timerange)
if len(self.strategylist) > 0:
stats = generate_backtest_stats(data,
self.all_results,
min_date=min_date,
max_date=max_date)
if self.config.get('export', 'none') == 'trades':
store_backtest_stats(self.config['exportfilename'], stats)
# Show backtest results
show_backtest_results(self.config, stats)
class Backtesting:
"""
Backtesting class, this class contains all the logic to run a backtest
To run a backtest:
backtesting = Backtesting(config)
backtesting.start()
"""
def __init__(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
LoggingMixin.show_output = False
self.config = config
self.results: Dict[str, Any] = {}
config['dry_run'] = True
self.run_ids: Dict[str, str] = {}
self.strategylist: List[IStrategy] = []
self.all_results: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
self.exchange = ExchangeResolver.load_exchange(
self.config['exchange']['name'], self.config)
self.dataprovider = DataProvider(self.config, self.exchange)
if self.config.get('strategy_list', None):
for strat in list(self.config['strategy_list']):
stratconf = deepcopy(self.config)
stratconf['strategy'] = strat
self.strategylist.append(
StrategyResolver.load_strategy(stratconf))
validate_config_consistency(stratconf)
else:
# No strategy list specified, only one strategy
self.strategylist.append(
StrategyResolver.load_strategy(self.config))
validate_config_consistency(self.config)
if "timeframe" not in self.config:
raise OperationalException(
"Timeframe (ticker interval) needs to be set in either "
"configuration or as cli argument `--timeframe 5m`")
self.timeframe = str(self.config.get('timeframe'))
self.timeframe_min = timeframe_to_minutes(self.timeframe)
self.init_backtest_detail()
self.pairlists = PairListManager(self.exchange, self.config)
if 'VolumePairList' in self.pairlists.name_list:
raise OperationalException(
"VolumePairList not allowed for backtesting. "
"Please use StaticPairlist instead.")
if 'PerformanceFilter' in self.pairlists.name_list:
raise OperationalException(
"PerformanceFilter not allowed for backtesting.")
if len(self.strategylist
) > 1 and 'PrecisionFilter' in self.pairlists.name_list:
raise OperationalException(
"PrecisionFilter not allowed for backtesting multiple strategies."
)
self.dataprovider.add_pairlisthandler(self.pairlists)
self.pairlists.refresh_pairlist()
if len(self.pairlists.whitelist) == 0:
raise OperationalException("No pair in whitelist.")
if config.get('fee', None) is not None:
self.fee = config['fee']
else:
self.fee = self.exchange.get_fee(
symbol=self.pairlists.whitelist[0])
self.timerange = TimeRange.parse_timerange(None if self.config.get(
'timerange') is None else str(self.config.get('timerange')))
# Get maximum required startup period
self.required_startup = max(
[strat.startup_candle_count for strat in self.strategylist])
# Add maximum startup candle count to configuration for informative pairs support
self.config['startup_candle_count'] = self.required_startup
self.exchange.validate_required_startup_candles(
self.required_startup, self.timeframe)
self.init_backtest()
def __del__(self):
self.cleanup()
def cleanup(self):
LoggingMixin.show_output = True
PairLocks.use_db = True
Trade.use_db = True
def init_backtest_detail(self):
# Load detail timeframe if specified
self.timeframe_detail = str(self.config.get('timeframe_detail', ''))
if self.timeframe_detail:
self.timeframe_detail_min = timeframe_to_minutes(
self.timeframe_detail)
if self.timeframe_min <= self.timeframe_detail_min:
raise OperationalException(
"Detail timeframe must be smaller than strategy timeframe."
)
else:
self.timeframe_detail_min = 0
self.detail_data: Dict[str, DataFrame] = {}
def init_backtest(self):
self.prepare_backtest(False)
self.wallets = Wallets(self.config, self.exchange, log=False)
self.progress = BTProgress()
self.abort = False
def _set_strategy(self, strategy: IStrategy):
"""
Load strategy into backtesting
"""
self.strategy: IStrategy = strategy
strategy.dp = self.dataprovider
# Attach Wallets to Strategy baseclass
strategy.wallets = self.wallets
# Set stoploss_on_exchange to false for backtesting,
# since a "perfect" stoploss-sell is assumed anyway
# And the regular "stoploss" function would not apply to that case
self.strategy.order_types['stoploss_on_exchange'] = False
def _load_protections(self, strategy: IStrategy):
if self.config.get('enable_protections', False):
conf = self.config
if hasattr(strategy, 'protections'):
conf = deepcopy(conf)
conf['protections'] = strategy.protections
self.protections = ProtectionManager(self.config,
strategy.protections)
def load_bt_data(self) -> Tuple[Dict[str, DataFrame], TimeRange]:
"""
Loads backtest data and returns the data combined with the timerange
as tuple.
"""
self.progress.init_step(BacktestState.DATALOAD, 1)
data = history.load_data(
datadir=self.config['datadir'],
pairs=self.pairlists.whitelist,
timeframe=self.timeframe,
timerange=self.timerange,
startup_candles=self.required_startup,
fail_without_data=True,
data_format=self.config.get('dataformat_ohlcv', 'json'),
)
min_date, max_date = history.get_timerange(data)
logger.info(
f'Loading data from {min_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'up to {max_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'({(max_date - min_date).days} days).')
# Adjust startts forward if not enough data is available
self.timerange.adjust_start_if_necessary(
timeframe_to_seconds(self.timeframe), self.required_startup,
min_date)
self.progress.set_new_value(1)
return data, self.timerange
def load_bt_data_detail(self) -> None:
"""
Loads backtest detail data (smaller timeframe) if necessary.
"""
if self.timeframe_detail:
self.detail_data = history.load_data(
datadir=self.config['datadir'],
pairs=self.pairlists.whitelist,
timeframe=self.timeframe_detail,
timerange=self.timerange,
startup_candles=0,
fail_without_data=True,
data_format=self.config.get('dataformat_ohlcv', 'json'),
)
else:
self.detail_data = {}
def prepare_backtest(self, enable_protections):
"""
Backtesting setup method - called once for every call to "backtest()".
"""
PairLocks.use_db = False
PairLocks.timeframe = self.config['timeframe']
Trade.use_db = False
PairLocks.reset_locks()
Trade.reset_trades()
self.rejected_trades = 0
self.dataprovider.clear_cache()
if enable_protections:
self._load_protections(self.strategy)
def check_abort(self):
"""
Check if abort was requested, raise DependencyException if that's the case
Only applies to Interactive backtest mode (webserver mode)
"""
if self.abort:
self.abort = False
raise DependencyException("Stop requested")
def _get_ohlcv_as_lists(
self, processed: Dict[str, DataFrame]) -> Dict[str, Tuple]:
"""
Helper function to convert a processed dataframes into lists for performance reasons.
Used by backtest() - so keep this optimized for performance.
:param processed: a processed dictionary with format {pair, data}, which gets cleared to
optimize memory usage!
"""
# Every change to this headers list must evaluate further usages of the resulting tuple
# and eventually change the constants for indexes at the top
headers = [
'date', 'buy', 'open', 'close', 'sell', 'low', 'high', 'buy_tag',
'exit_tag'
]
data: Dict = {}
self.progress.init_step(BacktestState.CONVERT, len(processed))
# Create dict with data
for pair in processed.keys():
pair_data = processed[pair]
self.check_abort()
self.progress.increment()
if not pair_data.empty:
pair_data.loc[:, 'buy'] = 0 # cleanup if buy_signal is exist
pair_data.loc[:, 'sell'] = 0 # cleanup if sell_signal is exist
pair_data.loc[:,
'buy_tag'] = None # cleanup if buy_tag is exist
pair_data.loc[:,
'exit_tag'] = None # cleanup if exit_tag is exist
df_analyzed = self.strategy.advise_sell(
self.strategy.advise_buy(pair_data, {'pair': pair}), {
'pair': pair
}).copy()
# Trim startup period from analyzed dataframe
df_analyzed = processed[pair] = pair_data = trim_dataframe(
df_analyzed,
self.timerange,
startup_candles=self.required_startup)
# To avoid using data from future, we use buy/sell signals shifted
# from the previous candle
df_analyzed.loc[:, 'buy'] = df_analyzed.loc[:, 'buy'].shift(1)
df_analyzed.loc[:, 'sell'] = df_analyzed.loc[:, 'sell'].shift(1)
df_analyzed.loc[:, 'buy_tag'] = df_analyzed.loc[:,
'buy_tag'].shift(1)
df_analyzed.loc[:,
'exit_tag'] = df_analyzed.loc[:,
'exit_tag'].shift(1)
# Update dataprovider cache
self.dataprovider._set_cached_df(pair, self.timeframe, df_analyzed)
df_analyzed = df_analyzed.drop(df_analyzed.head(1).index)
# Convert from Pandas to list for performance reasons
# (Looping Pandas is slow.)
data[pair] = df_analyzed[headers].values.tolist()
return data
def _get_close_rate(self, sell_row: Tuple, trade: LocalTrade,
sell: SellCheckTuple, trade_dur: int) -> float:
"""
Get close rate for backtesting result
"""
# Special handling if high or low hit STOP_LOSS or ROI
if sell.sell_type in (SellType.STOP_LOSS, SellType.TRAILING_STOP_LOSS):
if trade.stop_loss > sell_row[HIGH_IDX]:
# our stoploss was already higher than candle high,
# possibly due to a cancelled trade exit.
# sell at open price.
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
# Special case: trailing triggers within same candle as trade opened. Assume most
# pessimistic price movement, which is moving just enough to arm stoploss and
# immediately going down to stop price.
if sell.sell_type == SellType.TRAILING_STOP_LOSS and trade_dur == 0:
if (not self.strategy.use_custom_stoploss
and self.strategy.trailing_stop
and self.strategy.trailing_only_offset_is_reached and
self.strategy.trailing_stop_positive_offset is not None
and self.strategy.trailing_stop_positive):
# Worst case: price reaches stop_positive_offset and dives down.
stop_rate = (
sell_row[OPEN_IDX] *
(1 + abs(self.strategy.trailing_stop_positive_offset) -
abs(self.strategy.trailing_stop_positive)))
else:
# Worst case: price ticks tiny bit above open and dives down.
stop_rate = sell_row[OPEN_IDX] * (1 -
abs(trade.stop_loss_pct))
assert stop_rate < sell_row[HIGH_IDX]
# Limit lower-end to candle low to avoid sells below the low.
# This still remains "worst case" - but "worst realistic case".
return max(sell_row[LOW_IDX], stop_rate)
# Set close_rate to stoploss
return trade.stop_loss
elif sell.sell_type == (SellType.ROI):
roi_entry, roi = self.strategy.min_roi_reached_entry(trade_dur)
if roi is not None and roi_entry is not None:
if roi == -1 and roi_entry % self.timeframe_min == 0:
# When forceselling with ROI=-1, the roi time will always be equal to trade_dur.
# If that entry is a multiple of the timeframe (so on candle open)
# - we'll use open instead of close
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
# - (Expected abs profit + open_rate + open_fee) / (fee_close -1)
close_rate = -(trade.open_rate * roi + trade.open_rate *
(1 + trade.fee_open)) / (trade.fee_close - 1)
if (trade_dur > 0 and trade_dur == roi_entry
and roi_entry % self.timeframe_min == 0
and sell_row[OPEN_IDX] > close_rate):
# new ROI entry came into effect.
# use Open rate if open_rate > calculated sell rate
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
return close_rate
else:
# This should not be reached...
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
else:
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
def _get_adjust_trade_entry_for_candle(self, trade: LocalTrade,
row: Tuple) -> LocalTrade:
current_profit = trade.calc_profit_ratio(row[OPEN_IDX])
min_stake = self.exchange.get_min_pair_stake_amount(
trade.pair, row[OPEN_IDX], -0.1)
max_stake = self.wallets.get_available_stake_amount()
stake_amount = strategy_safe_wrapper(
self.strategy.adjust_trade_position,
default_retval=None)(trade=trade,
current_time=row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime(),
current_rate=row[OPEN_IDX],
current_profit=current_profit,
min_stake=min_stake,
max_stake=max_stake)
# Check if we should increase our position
if stake_amount is not None and stake_amount > 0.0:
pos_trade = self._enter_trade(trade.pair, row, stake_amount, trade)
if pos_trade is not None:
return pos_trade
return trade
def _get_sell_trade_entry_for_candle(
self, trade: LocalTrade, sell_row: Tuple) -> Optional[LocalTrade]:
# Check if we need to adjust our current positions
if self.strategy.position_adjustment_enable:
trade = self._get_adjust_trade_entry_for_candle(trade, sell_row)
sell_candle_time = sell_row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime()
sell = self.strategy.should_sell(
trade,
sell_row[OPEN_IDX], # type: ignore
sell_candle_time,
sell_row[BUY_IDX],
sell_row[SELL_IDX],
low=sell_row[LOW_IDX],
high=sell_row[HIGH_IDX])
if sell.sell_flag:
trade.close_date = sell_candle_time
trade_dur = int(
(trade.close_date_utc - trade.open_date_utc).total_seconds() //
60)
closerate = self._get_close_rate(sell_row, trade, sell, trade_dur)
# call the custom exit price,with default value as previous closerate
current_profit = trade.calc_profit_ratio(closerate)
if sell.sell_type in (SellType.SELL_SIGNAL, SellType.CUSTOM_SELL):
# Custom exit pricing only for sell-signals
closerate = strategy_safe_wrapper(
self.strategy.custom_exit_price,
default_retval=closerate)(pair=trade.pair,
trade=trade,
current_time=sell_row[DATE_IDX],
proposed_rate=closerate,
current_profit=current_profit)
# Use the maximum between close_rate and low as we cannot sell outside of a candle.
closerate = min(max(closerate, sell_row[LOW_IDX]),
sell_row[HIGH_IDX])
# Confirm trade exit:
time_in_force = self.strategy.order_time_in_force['sell']
if not strategy_safe_wrapper(self.strategy.confirm_trade_exit,
default_retval=True)(
pair=trade.pair,
trade=trade,
order_type='limit',
amount=trade.amount,
rate=closerate,
time_in_force=time_in_force,
sell_reason=sell.sell_reason,
current_time=sell_candle_time):
return None
trade.sell_reason = sell.sell_reason
# Checks and adds an exit tag, after checking that the length of the
# sell_row has the length for an exit tag column
if (len(sell_row) > EXIT_TAG_IDX
and sell_row[EXIT_TAG_IDX] is not None
and len(sell_row[EXIT_TAG_IDX]) > 0):
trade.sell_reason = sell_row[EXIT_TAG_IDX]
trade.close(closerate, show_msg=False)
return trade
return None
def _get_sell_trade_entry(self, trade: LocalTrade,
sell_row: Tuple) -> Optional[LocalTrade]:
if self.timeframe_detail and trade.pair in self.detail_data:
sell_candle_time = sell_row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime()
sell_candle_end = sell_candle_time + timedelta(
minutes=self.timeframe_min)
detail_data = self.detail_data[trade.pair]
detail_data = detail_data.loc[
(detail_data['date'] >= sell_candle_time)
& (detail_data['date'] < sell_candle_end)].copy()
if len(detail_data) == 0:
# Fall back to "regular" data if no detail data was found for this candle
return self._get_sell_trade_entry_for_candle(trade, sell_row)
detail_data.loc[:, 'buy'] = sell_row[BUY_IDX]
detail_data.loc[:, 'sell'] = sell_row[SELL_IDX]
detail_data.loc[:, 'buy_tag'] = sell_row[BUY_TAG_IDX]
detail_data.loc[:, 'exit_tag'] = sell_row[EXIT_TAG_IDX]
headers = [
'date', 'buy', 'open', 'close', 'sell', 'low', 'high',
'buy_tag', 'exit_tag'
]
for det_row in detail_data[headers].values.tolist():
res = self._get_sell_trade_entry_for_candle(trade, det_row)
if res:
return res
return None
else:
return self._get_sell_trade_entry_for_candle(trade, sell_row)
def _enter_trade(
self,
pair: str,
row: Tuple,
stake_amount: Optional[float] = None,
trade: Optional[LocalTrade] = None) -> Optional[LocalTrade]:
# let's call the custom entry price, using the open price as default price
propose_rate = strategy_safe_wrapper(
self.strategy.custom_entry_price, default_retval=row[OPEN_IDX])(
pair=pair,
current_time=row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime(),
proposed_rate=row[OPEN_IDX]) # default value is the open rate
# Move rate to within the candle's low/high rate
propose_rate = min(max(propose_rate, row[LOW_IDX]), row[HIGH_IDX])
min_stake_amount = self.exchange.get_min_pair_stake_amount(
pair, propose_rate, -0.05) or 0
max_stake_amount = self.wallets.get_available_stake_amount()
pos_adjust = trade is not None
if not pos_adjust:
try:
stake_amount = self.wallets.get_trade_stake_amount(pair, None)
except DependencyException:
return trade
stake_amount = strategy_safe_wrapper(
self.strategy.custom_stake_amount,
default_retval=stake_amount)(
pair=pair,
current_time=row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime(),
current_rate=propose_rate,
proposed_stake=stake_amount,
min_stake=min_stake_amount,
max_stake=max_stake_amount)
stake_amount = self.wallets.validate_stake_amount(
pair, stake_amount, min_stake_amount)
if not stake_amount:
# In case of pos adjust, still return the original trade
# If not pos adjust, trade is None
return trade
order_type = self.strategy.order_types['buy']
time_in_force = self.strategy.order_time_in_force['sell']
# Confirm trade entry:
if not pos_adjust:
if not strategy_safe_wrapper(
self.strategy.confirm_trade_entry, default_retval=True)(
pair=pair,
order_type=order_type,
amount=stake_amount,
rate=propose_rate,
time_in_force=time_in_force,
current_time=row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime()):
return None
if stake_amount and (not min_stake_amount
or stake_amount > min_stake_amount):
amount = round(stake_amount / propose_rate, 8)
if trade is None:
# Enter trade
has_buy_tag = len(row) >= BUY_TAG_IDX + 1
trade = LocalTrade(
pair=pair,
open_rate=propose_rate,
open_date=row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime(),
stake_amount=stake_amount,
amount=amount,
fee_open=self.fee,
fee_close=self.fee,
is_open=True,
buy_tag=row[BUY_TAG_IDX] if has_buy_tag else None,
exchange='backtesting',
orders=[])
order = Order(ft_is_open=False,
ft_pair=trade.pair,
symbol=trade.pair,
ft_order_side="buy",
side="buy",
order_type="market",
status="closed",
price=propose_rate,
average=propose_rate,
amount=amount,
filled=amount,
cost=stake_amount + trade.fee_open)
trade.orders.append(order)
if pos_adjust:
trade.recalc_trade_from_orders()
return trade
def handle_left_open(self, open_trades: Dict[str, List[LocalTrade]],
data: Dict[str, List[Tuple]]) -> List[LocalTrade]:
"""
Handling of left open trades at the end of backtesting
"""
trades = []
for pair in open_trades.keys():
if len(open_trades[pair]) > 0:
for trade in open_trades[pair]:
sell_row = data[pair][-1]
trade.close_date = sell_row[DATE_IDX].to_pydatetime()
trade.sell_reason = SellType.FORCE_SELL.value
trade.close(sell_row[OPEN_IDX], show_msg=False)
LocalTrade.close_bt_trade(trade)
# Deepcopy object to have wallets update correctly
trade1 = deepcopy(trade)
trade1.is_open = True
trades.append(trade1)
return trades
def trade_slot_available(self, max_open_trades: int,
open_trade_count: int) -> bool:
# Always allow trades when max_open_trades is enabled.
if max_open_trades <= 0 or open_trade_count < max_open_trades:
return True
# Rejected trade
self.rejected_trades += 1
return False
def backtest(self,
processed: Dict,
start_date: datetime,
end_date: datetime,
max_open_trades: int = 0,
position_stacking: bool = False,
enable_protections: bool = False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
Implement backtesting functionality
NOTE: This method is used by Hyperopt at each iteration. Please keep it optimized.
Of course try to not have ugly code. By some accessor are sometime slower than functions.
Avoid extensive logging in this method and functions it calls.
:param processed: a processed dictionary with format {pair, data}, which gets cleared to
optimize memory usage!
:param start_date: backtesting timerange start datetime
:param end_date: backtesting timerange end datetime
:param max_open_trades: maximum number of concurrent trades, <= 0 means unlimited
:param position_stacking: do we allow position stacking?
:param enable_protections: Should protections be enabled?
:return: DataFrame with trades (results of backtesting)
"""
trades: List[LocalTrade] = []
self.prepare_backtest(enable_protections)
# Use dict of lists with data for performance
# (looping lists is a lot faster than pandas DataFrames)
data: Dict = self._get_ohlcv_as_lists(processed)
# Indexes per pair, so some pairs are allowed to have a missing start.
indexes: Dict = defaultdict(int)
tmp = start_date + timedelta(minutes=self.timeframe_min)
open_trades: Dict[str, List[LocalTrade]] = defaultdict(list)
open_trade_count = 0
self.progress.init_step(
BacktestState.BACKTEST,
int((end_date - start_date) /
timedelta(minutes=self.timeframe_min)))
# Loop timerange and get candle for each pair at that point in time
while tmp <= end_date:
open_trade_count_start = open_trade_count
self.check_abort()
for i, pair in enumerate(data):
row_index = indexes[pair]
try:
# Row is treated as "current incomplete candle".
# Buy / sell signals are shifted by 1 to compensate for this.
row = data[pair][row_index]
except IndexError:
# missing Data for one pair at the end.
# Warnings for this are shown during data loading
continue
# Waits until the time-counter reaches the start of the data for this pair.
if row[DATE_IDX] > tmp:
continue
row_index += 1
indexes[pair] = row_index
self.dataprovider._set_dataframe_max_index(row_index)
# without positionstacking, we can only have one open trade per pair.
# max_open_trades must be respected
# don't open on the last row
if ((position_stacking or len(open_trades[pair]) == 0)
and self.trade_slot_available(max_open_trades,
open_trade_count_start)
and tmp != end_date and row[BUY_IDX] == 1
and row[SELL_IDX] != 1
and not PairLocks.is_pair_locked(pair, row[DATE_IDX])):
trade = self._enter_trade(pair, row)
if trade:
# TODO: hacky workaround to avoid opening > max_open_trades
# This emulates previous behaviour - not sure if this is correct
# Prevents buying if the trade-slot was freed in this candle
open_trade_count_start += 1
open_trade_count += 1
# logger.debug(f"{pair} - Emulate creation of new trade: {trade}.")
open_trades[pair].append(trade)
LocalTrade.add_bt_trade(trade)
for trade in list(open_trades[pair]):
# also check the buying candle for sell conditions.
trade_entry = self._get_sell_trade_entry(trade, row)
# Sell occurred
if trade_entry:
# logger.debug(f"{pair} - Backtesting sell {trade}")
open_trade_count -= 1
open_trades[pair].remove(trade)
LocalTrade.close_bt_trade(trade)
trades.append(trade_entry)
if enable_protections:
self.protections.stop_per_pair(pair, row[DATE_IDX])
self.protections.global_stop(tmp)
# Move time one configured time_interval ahead.
self.progress.increment()
tmp += timedelta(minutes=self.timeframe_min)
trades += self.handle_left_open(open_trades, data=data)
self.wallets.update()
results = trade_list_to_dataframe(trades)
return {
'results':
results,
'config':
self.strategy.config,
'locks':
PairLocks.get_all_locks(),
'rejected_signals':
self.rejected_trades,
'final_balance':
self.wallets.get_total(self.strategy.config['stake_currency']),
}
def backtest_one_strategy(self, strat: IStrategy, data: Dict[str,
DataFrame],
timerange: TimeRange):
self.progress.init_step(BacktestState.ANALYZE, 0)
logger.info("Running backtesting for Strategy %s",
strat.get_strategy_name())
backtest_start_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
self._set_strategy(strat)
strategy_safe_wrapper(self.strategy.bot_loop_start,
supress_error=True)()
# Use max_open_trades in backtesting, except --disable-max-market-positions is set
if self.config.get('use_max_market_positions', True):
# Must come from strategy config, as the strategy may modify this setting.
max_open_trades = self.strategy.config['max_open_trades']
else:
logger.info(
'Ignoring max_open_trades (--disable-max-market-positions was used) ...'
)
max_open_trades = 0
# need to reprocess data every time to populate signals
preprocessed = self.strategy.advise_all_indicators(data)
# Trim startup period from analyzed dataframe
preprocessed_tmp = trim_dataframes(preprocessed, timerange,
self.required_startup)
if not preprocessed_tmp:
raise OperationalException(
"No data left after adjusting for startup candles.")
# Use preprocessed_tmp for date generation (the trimmed dataframe).
# Backtesting will re-trim the dataframes after buy/sell signal generation.
min_date, max_date = history.get_timerange(preprocessed_tmp)
logger.info(
f'Backtesting with data from {min_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'up to {max_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'({(max_date - min_date).days} days).')
# Execute backtest and store results
results = self.backtest(
processed=preprocessed,
start_date=min_date,
end_date=max_date,
max_open_trades=max_open_trades,
position_stacking=self.config.get('position_stacking', False),
enable_protections=self.config.get('enable_protections', False),
)
backtest_end_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
results.update({
'run_id':
self.run_ids.get(strat.get_strategy_name(), ''),
'backtest_start_time':
int(backtest_start_time.timestamp()),
'backtest_end_time':
int(backtest_end_time.timestamp()),
})
self.all_results[self.strategy.get_strategy_name()] = results
return min_date, max_date
def _get_min_cached_backtest_date(self):
min_backtest_date = None
backtest_cache_age = self.config.get('backtest_cache',
constants.BACKTEST_CACHE_DEFAULT)
if self.timerange.stopts == 0 or datetime.fromtimestamp(
self.timerange.stopts,
tz=timezone.utc) > datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc):
logger.warning(
'Backtest result caching disabled due to use of open-ended timerange.'
)
elif backtest_cache_age == 'day':
min_backtest_date = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) - timedelta(
days=1)
elif backtest_cache_age == 'week':
min_backtest_date = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) - timedelta(
weeks=1)
elif backtest_cache_age == 'month':
min_backtest_date = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) - timedelta(
weeks=4)
return min_backtest_date
def load_prior_backtest(self):
self.run_ids = {
strategy.get_strategy_name(): get_strategy_run_id(strategy)
for strategy in self.strategylist
}
# Load previous result that will be updated incrementally.
# This can be circumvented in certain instances in combination with downloading more data
min_backtest_date = self._get_min_cached_backtest_date()
if min_backtest_date is not None:
self.results = find_existing_backtest_stats(
self.config['user_data_dir'] / 'backtest_results',
self.run_ids, min_backtest_date)
def start(self) -> None:
"""
Run backtesting end-to-end
:return: None
"""
data: Dict[str, Any] = {}
data, timerange = self.load_bt_data()
self.load_bt_data_detail()
logger.info("Dataload complete. Calculating indicators")
self.load_prior_backtest()
for strat in self.strategylist:
if self.results and strat.get_strategy_name(
) in self.results['strategy']:
# When previous result hash matches - reuse that result and skip backtesting.
logger.info(
f'Reusing result of previous backtest for {strat.get_strategy_name()}'
)
continue
min_date, max_date = self.backtest_one_strategy(
strat, data, timerange)
# Update old results with new ones.
if len(self.all_results) > 0:
results = generate_backtest_stats(data,
self.all_results,
min_date=min_date,
max_date=max_date)
if self.results:
self.results['metadata'].update(results['metadata'])
self.results['strategy'].update(results['strategy'])
self.results['strategy_comparison'].extend(
results['strategy_comparison'])
else:
self.results = results
if self.config.get('export', 'none') == 'trades':
store_backtest_stats(self.config['exportfilename'],
self.results)
# Results may be mixed up now. Sort them so they follow --strategy-list order.
if 'strategy_list' in self.config and len(self.results) > 0:
self.results['strategy_comparison'] = sorted(
self.results['strategy_comparison'],
key=lambda c: self.config['strategy_list'].index(c['key']))
self.results['strategy'] = dict(
sorted(
self.results['strategy'].items(),
key=lambda kv: self.config['strategy_list'].index(kv[0])))
if len(self.strategylist) > 0:
# Show backtest results
show_backtest_results(self.config, self.results)
class Backtesting:
"""
Backtesting class, this class contains all the logic to run a backtest
To run a backtest:
backtesting = Backtesting(config)
backtesting.start()
"""
def __init__(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
LoggingMixin.show_output = False
self.config = config
# Reset keys for backtesting
remove_credentials(self.config)
self.strategylist: List[IStrategy] = []
self.exchange = ExchangeResolver.load_exchange(
self.config['exchange']['name'], self.config)
dataprovider = DataProvider(self.config, self.exchange)
IStrategy.dp = dataprovider
if self.config.get('strategy_list', None):
for strat in list(self.config['strategy_list']):
stratconf = deepcopy(self.config)
stratconf['strategy'] = strat
self.strategylist.append(
StrategyResolver.load_strategy(stratconf))
validate_config_consistency(stratconf)
else:
# No strategy list specified, only one strategy
self.strategylist.append(
StrategyResolver.load_strategy(self.config))
validate_config_consistency(self.config)
if "timeframe" not in self.config:
raise OperationalException(
"Timeframe (ticker interval) needs to be set in either "
"configuration or as cli argument `--timeframe 5m`")
self.timeframe = str(self.config.get('timeframe'))
self.timeframe_min = timeframe_to_minutes(self.timeframe)
self.pairlists = PairListManager(self.exchange, self.config)
if 'VolumePairList' in self.pairlists.name_list:
raise OperationalException(
"VolumePairList not allowed for backtesting.")
if 'PerformanceFilter' in self.pairlists.name_list:
raise OperationalException(
"PerformanceFilter not allowed for backtesting.")
if len(self.strategylist
) > 1 and 'PrecisionFilter' in self.pairlists.name_list:
raise OperationalException(
"PrecisionFilter not allowed for backtesting multiple strategies."
)
dataprovider.add_pairlisthandler(self.pairlists)
self.pairlists.refresh_pairlist()
if len(self.pairlists.whitelist) == 0:
raise OperationalException("No pair in whitelist.")
if config.get('fee', None) is not None:
self.fee = config['fee']
else:
self.fee = self.exchange.get_fee(
symbol=self.pairlists.whitelist[0])
Trade.use_db = False
Trade.reset_trades()
PairLocks.timeframe = self.config['timeframe']
PairLocks.use_db = False
PairLocks.reset_locks()
if self.config.get('enable_protections', False):
self.protections = ProtectionManager(self.config)
# Get maximum required startup period
self.required_startup = max(
[strat.startup_candle_count for strat in self.strategylist])
# Load one (first) strategy
self._set_strategy(self.strategylist[0])
def __del__(self):
LoggingMixin.show_output = True
PairLocks.use_db = True
Trade.use_db = True
def _set_strategy(self, strategy):
"""
Load strategy into backtesting
"""
self.strategy: IStrategy = strategy
# Set stoploss_on_exchange to false for backtesting,
# since a "perfect" stoploss-sell is assumed anyway
# And the regular "stoploss" function would not apply to that case
self.strategy.order_types['stoploss_on_exchange'] = False
def load_bt_data(self) -> Tuple[Dict[str, DataFrame], TimeRange]:
timerange = TimeRange.parse_timerange(None if self.config.get(
'timerange') is None else str(self.config.get('timerange')))
data = history.load_data(
datadir=self.config['datadir'],
pairs=self.pairlists.whitelist,
timeframe=self.timeframe,
timerange=timerange,
startup_candles=self.required_startup,
fail_without_data=True,
data_format=self.config.get('dataformat_ohlcv', 'json'),
)
min_date, max_date = history.get_timerange(data)
logger.info(
f'Loading data from {min_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'up to {max_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'({(max_date - min_date).days} days)..')
# Adjust startts forward if not enough data is available
timerange.adjust_start_if_necessary(
timeframe_to_seconds(self.timeframe), self.required_startup,
min_date)
return data, timerange
def prepare_backtest(self, enable_protections):
"""
Backtesting setup method - called once for every call to "backtest()".
"""
PairLocks.use_db = False
Trade.use_db = False
if enable_protections:
# Reset persisted data - used for protections only
PairLocks.reset_locks()
Trade.reset_trades()
def _get_ohlcv_as_lists(
self, processed: Dict[str, DataFrame]) -> Dict[str, Tuple]:
"""
Helper function to convert a processed dataframes into lists for performance reasons.
Used by backtest() - so keep this optimized for performance.
"""
# Every change to this headers list must evaluate further usages of the resulting tuple
# and eventually change the constants for indexes at the top
headers = ['date', 'buy', 'open', 'close', 'sell', 'low', 'high']
data: Dict = {}
# Create dict with data
for pair, pair_data in processed.items():
pair_data.loc[:, 'buy'] = 0 # cleanup from previous run
pair_data.loc[:, 'sell'] = 0 # cleanup from previous run
df_analyzed = self.strategy.advise_sell(
self.strategy.advise_buy(pair_data, {'pair': pair}),
{'pair': pair})[headers].copy()
# To avoid using data from future, we use buy/sell signals shifted
# from the previous candle
df_analyzed.loc[:, 'buy'] = df_analyzed.loc[:, 'buy'].shift(1)
df_analyzed.loc[:, 'sell'] = df_analyzed.loc[:, 'sell'].shift(1)
df_analyzed.drop(df_analyzed.head(1).index, inplace=True)
# Convert from Pandas to list for performance reasons
# (Looping Pandas is slow.)
data[pair] = [
x for x in df_analyzed.itertuples(index=False, name=None)
]
return data
def _get_close_rate(self, sell_row: Tuple, trade: Trade,
sell: SellCheckTuple, trade_dur: int) -> float:
"""
Get close rate for backtesting result
"""
# Special handling if high or low hit STOP_LOSS or ROI
if sell.sell_type in (SellType.STOP_LOSS, SellType.TRAILING_STOP_LOSS):
# Set close_rate to stoploss
return trade.stop_loss
elif sell.sell_type == (SellType.ROI):
roi_entry, roi = self.strategy.min_roi_reached_entry(trade_dur)
if roi is not None and roi_entry is not None:
if roi == -1 and roi_entry % self.timeframe_min == 0:
# When forceselling with ROI=-1, the roi time will always be equal to trade_dur.
# If that entry is a multiple of the timeframe (so on candle open)
# - we'll use open instead of close
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
# - (Expected abs profit + open_rate + open_fee) / (fee_close -1)
close_rate = -(trade.open_rate * roi + trade.open_rate *
(1 + trade.fee_open)) / (trade.fee_close - 1)
if (trade_dur > 0 and trade_dur == roi_entry
and roi_entry % self.timeframe_min == 0
and sell_row[OPEN_IDX] > close_rate):
# new ROI entry came into effect.
# use Open rate if open_rate > calculated sell rate
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
# Use the maximum between close_rate and low as we
# cannot sell outside of a candle.
# Applies when a new ROI setting comes in place and the whole candle is above that.
return max(close_rate, sell_row[LOW_IDX])
else:
# This should not be reached...
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
else:
return sell_row[OPEN_IDX]
def _get_sell_trade_entry(self, trade: Trade,
sell_row: Tuple) -> Optional[BacktestResult]:
sell = self.strategy.should_sell(trade,
sell_row[OPEN_IDX],
sell_row[DATE_IDX],
sell_row[BUY_IDX],
sell_row[SELL_IDX],
low=sell_row[LOW_IDX],
high=sell_row[HIGH_IDX])
if sell.sell_flag:
trade_dur = int(
(sell_row[DATE_IDX] - trade.open_date).total_seconds() // 60)
closerate = self._get_close_rate(sell_row, trade, sell, trade_dur)
trade.close_date = sell_row[DATE_IDX]
trade.sell_reason = sell.sell_type
trade.close(closerate, show_msg=False)
return BacktestResult(
pair=trade.pair,
profit_percent=trade.calc_profit_ratio(rate=closerate),
profit_abs=trade.calc_profit(rate=closerate),
open_date=trade.open_date,
open_rate=trade.open_rate,
open_fee=self.fee,
close_date=sell_row[DATE_IDX],
close_rate=closerate,
close_fee=self.fee,
amount=trade.amount,
trade_duration=trade_dur,
open_at_end=False,
sell_reason=sell.sell_type)
return None
def handle_left_open(self, open_trades: Dict[str, List[Trade]],
data: Dict[str, List[Tuple]]) -> List[BacktestResult]:
"""
Handling of left open trades at the end of backtesting
"""
trades = []
for pair in open_trades.keys():
if len(open_trades[pair]) > 0:
for trade in open_trades[pair]:
sell_row = data[pair][-1]
trade_entry = BacktestResult(
pair=trade.pair,
profit_percent=trade.calc_profit_ratio(
rate=sell_row[OPEN_IDX]),
profit_abs=trade.calc_profit(sell_row[OPEN_IDX]),
open_date=trade.open_date,
open_rate=trade.open_rate,
open_fee=self.fee,
close_date=sell_row[DATE_IDX],
close_rate=sell_row[OPEN_IDX],
close_fee=self.fee,
amount=trade.amount,
trade_duration=int(
(sell_row[DATE_IDX] -
trade.open_date).total_seconds() // 60),
open_at_end=True,
sell_reason=SellType.FORCE_SELL)
trades.append(trade_entry)
return trades
def backtest(self,
processed: Dict,
stake_amount: float,
start_date: datetime,
end_date: datetime,
max_open_trades: int = 0,
position_stacking: bool = False,
enable_protections: bool = False) -> DataFrame:
"""
Implement backtesting functionality
NOTE: This method is used by Hyperopt at each iteration. Please keep it optimized.
Of course try to not have ugly code. By some accessor are sometime slower than functions.
Avoid extensive logging in this method and functions it calls.
:param processed: a processed dictionary with format {pair, data}
:param stake_amount: amount to use for each trade
:param start_date: backtesting timerange start datetime
:param end_date: backtesting timerange end datetime
:param max_open_trades: maximum number of concurrent trades, <= 0 means unlimited
:param position_stacking: do we allow position stacking?
:param enable_protections: Should protections be enabled?
:return: DataFrame with trades (results of backtesting)
"""
logger.debug(
f"Run backtest, stake_amount: {stake_amount}, "
f"start_date: {start_date}, end_date: {end_date}, "
f"max_open_trades: {max_open_trades}, position_stacking: {position_stacking}"
)
trades = []
self.prepare_backtest(enable_protections)
# Use dict of lists with data for performance
# (looping lists is a lot faster than pandas DataFrames)
data: Dict = self._get_ohlcv_as_lists(processed)
# Indexes per pair, so some pairs are allowed to have a missing start.
indexes: Dict = {}
tmp = start_date + timedelta(minutes=self.timeframe_min)
open_trades: Dict[str, List] = defaultdict(list)
open_trade_count = 0
# Loop timerange and get candle for each pair at that point in time
while tmp <= end_date:
open_trade_count_start = open_trade_count
for i, pair in enumerate(data):
if pair not in indexes:
indexes[pair] = 0
try:
row = data[pair][indexes[pair]]
except IndexError:
# missing Data for one pair at the end.
# Warnings for this are shown during data loading
continue
# Waits until the time-counter reaches the start of the data for this pair.
if row[DATE_IDX] > tmp:
continue
indexes[pair] += 1
# without positionstacking, we can only have one open trade per pair.
# max_open_trades must be respected
# don't open on the last row
if ((position_stacking or len(open_trades[pair]) == 0)
and (max_open_trades <= 0
or open_trade_count_start < max_open_trades)
and tmp != end_date and row[BUY_IDX] == 1
and row[SELL_IDX] != 1
and not PairLocks.is_pair_locked(pair, row[DATE_IDX])):
# Enter trade
trade = Trade(
pair=pair,
open_rate=row[OPEN_IDX],
open_date=row[DATE_IDX],
stake_amount=stake_amount,
amount=round(stake_amount / row[OPEN_IDX], 8),
fee_open=self.fee,
fee_close=self.fee,
is_open=True,
)
# TODO: hacky workaround to avoid opening > max_open_trades
# This emulates previous behaviour - not sure if this is correct
# Prevents buying if the trade-slot was freed in this candle
open_trade_count_start += 1
open_trade_count += 1
# logger.debug(f"{pair} - Backtesting emulates creation of new trade: {trade}.")
open_trades[pair].append(trade)
Trade.trades.append(trade)
for trade in open_trades[pair]:
# since indexes has been incremented before, we need to go one step back to
# also check the buying candle for sell conditions.
trade_entry = self._get_sell_trade_entry(trade, row)
# Sell occured
if trade_entry:
# logger.debug(f"{pair} - Backtesting sell {trade}")
open_trade_count -= 1
open_trades[pair].remove(trade)
trades.append(trade_entry)
if enable_protections:
self.protections.stop_per_pair(pair, row[DATE_IDX])
self.protections.global_stop(tmp)
# Move time one configured time_interval ahead.
tmp += timedelta(minutes=self.timeframe_min)
trades += self.handle_left_open(open_trades, data=data)
return DataFrame.from_records(trades, columns=BacktestResult._fields)
def start(self) -> None:
"""
Run backtesting end-to-end
:return: None
"""
data: Dict[str, Any] = {}
logger.info('Using stake_currency: %s ...',
self.config['stake_currency'])
logger.info('Using stake_amount: %s ...', self.config['stake_amount'])
position_stacking = self.config.get('position_stacking', False)
data, timerange = self.load_bt_data()
all_results = {}
for strat in self.strategylist:
logger.info("Running backtesting for Strategy %s",
strat.get_strategy_name())
self._set_strategy(strat)
# Use max_open_trades in backtesting, except --disable-max-market-positions is set
if self.config.get('use_max_market_positions', True):
# Must come from strategy config, as the strategy may modify this setting.
max_open_trades = self.strategy.config['max_open_trades']
else:
logger.info(
'Ignoring max_open_trades (--disable-max-market-positions was used) ...'
)
max_open_trades = 0
# need to reprocess data every time to populate signals
preprocessed = self.strategy.ohlcvdata_to_dataframe(data)
# Trim startup period from analyzed dataframe
for pair, df in preprocessed.items():
preprocessed[pair] = trim_dataframe(df, timerange)
min_date, max_date = history.get_timerange(preprocessed)
logger.info(
f'Backtesting with data from {min_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'up to {max_date.strftime(DATETIME_PRINT_FORMAT)} '
f'({(max_date - min_date).days} days)..')
# Execute backtest and print results
results = self.backtest(
processed=preprocessed,
stake_amount=self.config['stake_amount'],
start_date=min_date.datetime,
end_date=max_date.datetime,
max_open_trades=max_open_trades,
position_stacking=position_stacking,
enable_protections=self.config.get('enable_protections',
False),
)
all_results[self.strategy.get_strategy_name()] = {
'results': results,
'config': self.strategy.config,
'locks': PairLocks.locks,
}
stats = generate_backtest_stats(data,
all_results,
min_date=min_date,
max_date=max_date)
if self.config.get('export', False):
store_backtest_stats(self.config['exportfilename'], stats)
# Show backtest results
show_backtest_results(self.config, stats)