def DDGnlpoisson_new (idata,xaxis,sinodes,Vin,nin,pin,toll,maxit,verbose,fi_e,fi_h,model,Vt,surface,fi_stat,iteration,ns):
## Set some useful constants
dampit = 10
dampcoeff = 5
## Convert grid info to FEM form
#Ndiricheletnodes= 2
nodes = xaxis
sielements=np.zeros(len(sinodes)-1)
sielements[:] = sinodes[1:len(sinodes)]
n_max = len(nodes)
#totdofs = n_max - Ndiricheletnodes
elements=np.zeros((n_max-1,2))
elements[:,0]= np.arange(0,n_max-1)
elements[:,1]=np.arange(1,n_max)
Nelements=np.size(elements[:,0])
BCnodes= n_max
normr=np.zeros(maxit+1)
"""
print("nodes=",nodes)
print("sielements=",sielements)
print("n_max=",n_max)
print("elements=",elements)
print("Nelements=",Nelements)
print("BCnodes=",BCnodes)
check_point_8
"""
## Initialization
V = Vin
EF = 0.0
if iteration == 1:
# Determination of the Fermi Level
EF = 0.0
V = np.zeros(n_max)
n, p, V = equi_np_fi(
iteration, idata.dop, idata.Ppz_Psp, n_max, idata.ni, model, Vt, surface
)
fi_stat = V
else:
if model.N_wells_virtual - 2 != 0:
n, p, fi_non, EF = equi_np_fi3(
V,
idata.wfh_general,
idata.wfe_general,
model,
idata.E_state_general,
idata.E_statec_general,
idata.meff_state_general,
idata.meff_statec_general,
n_max,
idata.ni*ns,
)
else:
n = np.exp(V)
p = np.exp(-V)
n=n*idata.ni
p=p*idata.ni
"""
print("sinodes=",sinodes)
print("n=",n)
print("p=",p)
check_point_9
"""
if (sinodes[0]==0):
n[1]=nin[0]
p[1]=pin[0]
if (sinodes[n_max-1]==n_max-1):
n[n_max-1]=nin[n_max-1]
p[n_max-1]=pin[n_max-1]
## Compute LHS matrices
l22=idata.l2*np.ones(Nelements)
L = Ucomplap (nodes,n_max,elements,Nelements,l22)
## Compute Mv = ( n + p)
Mv = np.zeros(n_max)
Mv[sinodes] = (n + p)
Cv = np.ones(Nelements)
M = Ucompmass (nodes,n_max,elements,Nelements,Mv,Cv)
## Compute RHS vector
Tv0 = np.zeros(n_max)
Tv0[sinodes] = (n - p -idata.dop-idata.Ppz_Psp)
Cv= np.ones(Nelements)
T0 = Ucompconst (nodes,n_max,elements,Nelements,Tv0,Cv)
"""
print('L=',L)
print('M=',M)
print('T0=',T0)
check_point_10
"""
## Build LHS matrix and RHS of the linear system for 1st Newton step
A=np.zeros((n_max,n_max))
R=np.zeros(n_max)
Anew=np.zeros((n_max,n_max))
Rnew=np.zeros(n_max)
A = L + M
LV=np.dot(np.array(L) , V)
R = LV +T0
## Apply boundary conditions
"""
print('A=',A)
print('R=',R)
check_point_11
"""
A=np.delete(A, [0,BCnodes-1], 0)
A=np.delete(A, [0,BCnodes-1], 1)
R=np.delete(R, [0,BCnodes-1], 0)
normr[0] = np.linalg.norm(R,np.inf)
relresnorm = 1
reldVnorm = 1
normrnew = normr[0]
## Start of the newton cycle
for newtit in range(1,maxit):
if verbose:
print("\n newton iteration: %d, reldVnorm = %f"%(newtit,reldVnorm))
cc= np.linalg.solve(A, -R)#, rcond=None)[0]
dV=np.zeros(n_max)
dV[1:n_max-1] =cc
## Start of the damping procedure
tk = 1
for dit in range(1,dampit):
if verbose:
print("\n damping iteration: %d, residual norm = %f"%(dit,normrnew))
Vnew = V + tk * dV
if iteration == 1:
n = np.exp(Vnew)*idata.ni
p = np.exp(-Vnew)*idata.ni
else:
if model.N_wells_virtual - 2 != 0:
n, p, fi_non, EF = equi_np_fi3(
Vnew,
idata.wfh_general,
idata.wfe_general,
model,
idata.E_state_general,
idata.E_statec_general,
idata.meff_state_general,
idata.meff_statec_general,
n_max,
idata.ni*ns,
)
else:
n = np.exp(Vnew)
p = np.exp(-Vnew)
n=n*idata.ni
p=p*idata.ni
if (sinodes[0]==0):
n[0]=nin[0]
p[0]=pin[0]
if (sinodes[n_max-1]==n_max-1):
n[n_max-1]=nin[n_max-1]
p[n_max-1]=pin[n_max-1]
## Compute LHS matrices
Mv = np.zeros(n_max)
Mv[sinodes] = (n + p)
Cv = np.ones(Nelements)
#Cv[sielements]= 1
M = Ucompmass (nodes,n_max,elements,Nelements,Mv,Cv)
## Compute RHS vector (-residual)
Tv0 = np.zeros(n_max)
Tv0[sinodes] = (n - p -idata.dop-idata.Ppz_Psp)
Cv= np.ones(Nelements)
Cv = np.ones(Nelements)
#Cv[sielements]= 1
T0 = Ucompconst (nodes,n_max,elements,Nelements,Tv0,Cv)
"""
print('L=',L)
print('M=',M)
print('T0=',T0)
check_point_12
"""
## Build LHS matrix and RHS of the linear system for 1st Newton step
Anew = L + M
LVnew=np.dot(np.array(L) , Vnew)
Rnew = LVnew +T0
"""
print('Anew=',Anew)
print('Rnew=',Rnew)
check_point_13
"""
## Apply boundary conditions
Anew=np.delete(Anew, [0,BCnodes-1], 0)
Anew=np.delete(Anew, [0,BCnodes-1], 1)
Rnew=np.delete(Rnew, [0,BCnodes-1], 0)
if ((dit>1) and (np.linalg.norm(Rnew,np.inf) >= np.linalg.norm(R,np.inf))):
if verbose:
print("\nexiting damping cycle \n")
break
else:
A = Anew
R = Rnew
## Compute | R_{k+1} | for the convergence test
normrnew= np.linalg.norm(R,np.inf)
## Check if more damping is needed
if (normrnew > normr[newtit]):
tk = tk/dampcoeff
else:
if verbose:
print("\nexiting damping cycle because residual norm = %f \n"%normrnew)
break
V= Vnew
normr[newtit+1] = normrnew
dVnorm= np.linalg.norm(tk*dV,np.inf)
## Check if convergence has been reached
reldVnorm = dVnorm / np.linalg.norm(V,np.inf)
if (reldVnorm <= toll):
if(verbose):
print("\nexiting newton cycle because reldVnorm= %f \n"%reldVnorm)
break
res = normr
niter = newtit
return [V,n,p,fi_stat]#,res,niter
def DDNnewtonmap (ni,fi_e,fi_h,xaxis,idata,toll,maxit,verbose,model,Vt):
odata = idata
n_max = len(xaxis)
fi_n=np.zeros(n_max)
fi_p=np.zeros(n_max)
Nelements=n_max-1
elements=np.zeros((n_max-1,2))
elements[:,0]= np.arange(0,n_max-1)
elements[:,1]=np.arange(1,n_max)
BCnodesp = [0,n_max-1]
BCnodesp1 = [n_max,2*n_max-1]
BCnodesp2 = [2*n_max,3*n_max-1]
BCnodes_=np.zeros((3,2))
BCnodes_[0,:]=BCnodesp
BCnodes_[1,:]=BCnodesp1
BCnodes_[2,:]=BCnodesp2
BCnodes=BCnodes_.flatten()
totaldofs= n_max-2
dampcoef = 10
maxdamp = 2
nrm_du_old=1.
V = odata.V
n = odata.n
p = odata.p
dop = idata.dop
Ppz_Psp=idata.Ppz_Psp
## Create the complete unknown vector
u = np.hstack(([V, n, p]))
if model.N_wells_virtual-2!=0 and config.quantum_effect:
fi_n,fi_p =equi_np_fi222(ni,idata,fi_e,fi_h,V,Vt,idata.wfh_general,idata.wfe_general,model,idata.E_state_general,idata.E_statec_general,idata.meff_state_general,idata.meff_statec_general,n_max,n,p)
## Build fem matrices
L = Ucomplap (xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,idata.l2*np.ones(Nelements))
M = Ucompmass (xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,np.ones(n_max),np.ones(Nelements))
DDn = Uscharfettergummel(xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,idata.mun,1,V+fi_n)
DDp = Uscharfettergummel(xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,idata.mup,1,-V-fi_p)
## Initialise RHS
denomsrh = idata.TAUN0 * (p + idata.theta) + idata.TAUP0 * (n + idata.theta)
factauger = idata.Cn * n + idata.Cp * p
fact = (1 / denomsrh + factauger)
r1 = np.dot(np.array(L) , V) + np.dot(np.array(M) , (n - p - dop-Ppz_Psp))
r2 = np.dot(np.array(DDn) , n)+ np.dot(np.array(M) , (p * n - idata.theta** 2) * fact)
r3 = np.dot(np.array(DDp) , p)+ np.dot(np.array(M) , (p * n - idata.theta** 2) * fact)
RHS=-np.hstack(( r1, r2, r3))
## Apply BCs
RHS=np.delete(RHS, BCnodes, 0)
nrm = np.linalg.norm(RHS,np.inf)
res=np.zeros(maxit)
res[0] = nrm
## Begin Newton Cycle
for count in range (0, maxit):
if verbose:
print ("Newton Iteration Number:%d\n"%count)
Ln = Ucomplap (xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,Umediaarmonica(idata.mun*n))
Lp = Ucomplap (xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,Umediaarmonica(idata.mup*p))
Mn = Ucompmass (xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,np.ones(n_max),n[0:n_max-1]*fact[0:n_max-1])
Mp = Ucompmass (xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,np.ones(n_max),p[0:n_max-1]*fact[0:n_max-1])
Z = np.zeros((n_max,n_max))
DDn = Uscharfettergummel(xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,idata.mun,1,V+fi_n)
DDp = Uscharfettergummel(xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,idata.mup,1,-V-fi_p)
A = L #A11
B = M #A12
C =-M #A13
DDD =-Ln #A21
E = DDn+Mp#A22
F = Z+Mn #A23
G = Lp #A31
H = Z+Mp #A32
I = DDp+Mn#A33
## Build LHS
LHS= np.asarray(np.bmat([(A, B, C),(DDD, E, F),(G, H, I)]))
## Apply BCs
LHS=np.delete(LHS, BCnodes, 0)
LHS=np.delete(LHS, BCnodes, 1)
## Solve the linearised system
dutmp= np.linalg.solve(LHS, RHS)#, rcond=None)[0]
dv = dutmp[0:totaldofs]
dn = dutmp[totaldofs:2*totaldofs]
dp = dutmp[2*totaldofs:3*totaldofs]
du=np.hstack((0,dv,0,0,dn,0,0,dp,0))
## Check Convergence
nrm_u = np.linalg.norm(u,np.inf)
nrm_du = np.linalg.norm(du,np.inf)
ratio = nrm_du/nrm_u
if verbose:
print ("ratio = %e\n"% ratio)
if (ratio <= toll):
V = u[0:n_max]
n = u[n_max:2*n_max]
p = u[2*n_max:len(u)]
res[count] = nrm
break
## Begin damping cycle
tj = 1
if model.N_wells_virtual-2!=0 and config.quantum_effect:
fi_n,fi_p =equi_np_fi222(ni,idata,fi_e,fi_h,V,Vt,idata.wfh_general,idata.wfe_general,model,idata.E_state_general,idata.E_statec_general,idata.meff_state_general,idata.meff_statec_general,n_max,n,p)
for cc in range( 1,maxdamp):
if verbose:
print ("damping iteration number:%d\n"%cc)
print ("reference residual norm:%f\n"%nrm)
## Update the unknown vector
utmp = u + tj*du
Vnew = utmp[0:n_max]
nnew = utmp[n_max:2*n_max]
pnew = utmp[2*n_max:len(utmp)]
## Try a new RHS
DDn = Uscharfettergummel(xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,idata.mun,1,Vnew+fi_n)
DDp = Uscharfettergummel(xaxis,n_max,elements,Nelements,idata.mup,1,-Vnew-fi_p)
r1 = np.dot(np.array(L) , V) + np.dot(np.array(M) , (nnew - pnew - dop-Ppz_Psp))
r2 = np.dot(np.array(DDn) , nnew)+ np.dot(np.array(M) , (pnew * nnew - idata.theta** 2) * fact)
r3 = np.dot(np.array(DDp) , pnew) + np.dot(np.array(M) , (pnew * nnew - idata.theta** 2) * fact)
RHS=-np.hstack(( r1, r2, r3))
## Apply BCs
RHS=np.delete(RHS, BCnodes, 0)
nrmtmp=np.linalg.norm(RHS,np.inf)
## Update the damping coefficient
if verbose:
print("residual norm:%f\n\n"%nrmtmp)
if (nrmtmp>nrm):
tj = tj/(dampcoef*cc)
if verbose:
print ("\ndamping coefficients = %f"%tj)
else:
break
nrm_du = np.linalg.norm(tj*du,np.inf)
u = utmp
if (count>0):
ratio = nrm_du/nrm_du_old
if (ratio<.005):
V = u[0:n_max]
n = u[n_max:2*n_max]
p = u[2*n_max:len(u)]
res[count] = nrm
break
nrm = nrmtmp
res[count] = nrm
## Convert result vector into distinct output vectors
V = u[0:n_max]
n = u[n_max:2*n_max]
p = u[2*n_max:len(u)]
nrm_du_old = nrm_du
odata.V = V
odata.n = n
odata.p = p
it = count
return [odata,it,res]
def DDGelectron_driftdiffusion(psi, xaxis, ng, p, ni, TAUN0, TAUP0, mun, fi_e,
fi_h, model, Vt, idata):
nodes = xaxis
n_max = len(nodes)
"""
n=np.zeros(n_max)
p=np.zeros(n_max)
"""
fi_n = np.zeros(n_max)
fi_p = np.zeros(n_max)
elements = np.zeros((n_max - 1, 2))
elements[:, 0] = np.arange(0, n_max - 1)
elements[:, 1] = np.arange(1, n_max)
Nelements = np.size(elements[:, 0])
BCnodes = [0, n_max - 1]
nl = ng[0]
nr = ng[n_max - 1]
h = nodes[1:n_max] - nodes[0:n_max - 1]
c = 1 / h
"""
print("c=",c)
print("h=",h)
print("nr=",nr)
print("nl=",nl)
print("BCnodes=",BCnodes)
print("Nelements=",Nelements)
print("elements=",elements)
print("n_max=",n_max)
print("nodes=",nodes)
check_point_15
"""
if model.N_wells_virtual - 2 != 0 and config.quantum_effect:
fi_n, fi_p = equi_np_fi222(
ni, idata, fi_e, fi_h, psi, Vt, idata.wfh_general,
idata.wfe_general, model, idata.E_state_general,
idata.E_statec_general, idata.meff_state_general,
idata.meff_statec_general, n_max, idata.n, p)
Bneg = Ubernoulli(
-(psi[1:n_max] - psi[0:n_max - 1]) -
(fi_n[1:n_max] - fi_n[0:n_max - 1]), 1)
Bpos = Ubernoulli((psi[1:n_max] - psi[0:n_max - 1]) +
(fi_p[1:n_max] - fi_p[0:n_max - 1]), 1)
"""
print("Bneg=",Bneg)
print("Bpos=",Bpos)
check_point_16
"""
d0 = np.zeros(n_max)
d0[0] = c[0] * Bneg[0]
d0[n_max - 1] = c[len(c) - 1] * Bpos[len(Bpos) - 1]
d0[1:n_max -
1] = c[0:len(c) - 1] * Bpos[0:len(Bpos) -
1] + c[1:len(c)] * Bneg[1:len(Bneg)]
d1 = np.zeros(n_max)
d1[0] = n_max
d1[1:n_max] = -c * Bpos
dm1 = np.zeros(n_max)
dm1[n_max - 1] = n_max
dm1[0:n_max - 1] = -c * Bneg
"""
print("d0=",d0)
print("d1=",d1)
print("dm1=",dm1)
check_point_17
"""
A = sp.spdiags([dm1, d0, d1], np.array([-1, 0, 1]), n_max, n_max).todense()
b = np.zeros(n_max) #%- A * ng
## SRH Recombination term
SRHD = TAUP0 * (ng + ni) + TAUN0 * (p + ni)
SRHL = p / SRHD
SRHR = ni**2 / SRHD
ASRH = Ucompmass(nodes, n_max, elements, Nelements, SRHL,
np.ones(Nelements))
bSRH = Ucompconst(nodes, n_max, elements, Nelements, SRHR,
np.ones(Nelements))
"""
print("ASRH=",ASRH)
print("bSRH=",bSRH)
check_point_18
"""
A = A + ASRH
b = b + bSRH
"""
print("A=",A)
print("b=",b)
check_point_19
"""
## Boundary conditions
b = np.delete(b, BCnodes, 0)
b[0] = -A[1, 0] * nl
b[len(b) - 1] = -A[n_max - 2, n_max - 1] * nr
A = np.delete(A, BCnodes, 0)
A = np.delete(A, BCnodes, 1)
nn = np.linalg.solve(A, b)
n = np.zeros(n_max)
n[1:n_max - 1] = nn
n[0] = nl
n[len(n) - 1] = nr
"""
print("BCnodes=",BCnodes)
print("A=",A)
print("b=",b)
print("n=",n)
check_point_20
"""
return n
def DDGhole_driftdiffusion(psi,xaxis,pg,n,ni,TAUN0,TAUP0,mup,fi_e,fi_h,model,Vt,idata):
nodes = xaxis
n_max =len(nodes)
"""
n=np.zeros(n_max)
p=np.zeros(n_max)
"""
fi_n=np.zeros(n_max)
fi_p=np.zeros(n_max)
elements=np.zeros((n_max-1,2))
elements[:,0]= np.arange(0,n_max-1)
elements[:,1]=np.arange(1,n_max)
Nelements=np.size(elements[:,0])
BCnodes= [0,n_max-1]
pl = pg[0]
pr = pg[n_max-1]
h=nodes[1:len(nodes)]-nodes[0:len(nodes)-1]
c=1/h
if model.N_wells_virtual-2!=0 and config.quantum_effect:
fi_n,fi_p =equi_np_fi222(ni,idata,fi_e,fi_h,psi,Vt,idata.wfh_general,idata.wfe_general,model,idata.E_state_general,idata.E_statec_general,idata.meff_state_general,idata.meff_statec_general,n_max,n,idata.p)
Bneg=Ubernoulli(-(psi[1:n_max]-psi[0:n_max-1])-(fi_n[1:n_max]-fi_n[0:n_max-1]),1)
Bpos=Ubernoulli( (psi[1:n_max]-psi[0:n_max-1])+(fi_p[1:n_max]-fi_p[0:n_max-1]),1)
d0=np.zeros(n_max)
d0[0]=c[0]*Bneg[0]
d0[n_max-1]=c[len(c)-1]*Bpos[len(Bpos)-1]
d0[1:n_max-1]=c[0:len(c)-1]*Bpos[0:len(Bpos)-1]+c[1:len(c)]*Bneg[1:len(Bneg)]
d1 = np.zeros(n_max)
d1[0]=n_max
d1[1:n_max]=-c* Bneg
dm1 = np.zeros(n_max)
dm1[n_max-1]=n_max
dm1[0:n_max-1]=-c* Bpos
A = sp.spdiags([dm1, d0, d1],np.array([-1,0,1]),n_max,n_max).todense()
b = np.zeros(n_max)#%- A * ng
## SRH Recombination term
SRHD = TAUP0 * (n + ni) + TAUN0 * (pg + ni)
SRHL = n / SRHD
SRHR = ni**2 / SRHD
ASRH = Ucompmass (nodes,n_max,elements,Nelements,SRHL,np.ones(Nelements))
bSRH = Ucompconst (nodes,n_max,elements,Nelements,SRHR,np.ones(Nelements))
A = A + ASRH
b = b + bSRH
## Boundary conditions
b=np.delete(b, BCnodes, 0)
b[0] = - A[1,0] * pl
b[len(b)-1] = - A[n_max-2,n_max-1] * pr
A=np.delete(A, BCnodes, 0)
A=np.delete(A, BCnodes, 1)
pp= np.linalg.solve(A,b)
p=np.zeros(n_max)
p[1:n_max-1]=pp
p[0]=pl
p[len(p)-1]=pr
return p