def __init__(self, **kwargs):
digest_config(self, kwargs)
if self.preview:
from manimlib.window import Window
self.window = Window(scene=self, **self.window_config)
self.camera_config["ctx"] = self.window.ctx
self.camera_config["frame_rate"] = 30 # Where's that 30 from?
else:
self.window = None
self.camera: Camera = self.camera_class(**self.camera_config)
self.file_writer = SceneFileWriter(self, **self.file_writer_config)
self.mobjects: list[Mobject] = [self.camera.frame]
self.num_plays: int = 0
self.time: float = 0
self.skip_time: float = 0
self.original_skipping_status: bool = self.skip_animations
if self.start_at_animation_number is not None:
self.skip_animations = True
# Items associated with interaction
self.mouse_point = Point()
self.mouse_drag_point = Point()
self.hold_on_wait = self.presenter_mode
# Much nicer to work with deterministic scenes
if self.random_seed is not None:
random.seed(self.random_seed)
np.random.seed(self.random_seed)
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
Container.__init__(self, **kwargs)
if self.preview:
self.window = Window(self, **self.window_config)
self.camera_config["ctx"] = self.window.ctx
self.virtual_animation_start_time = 0
self.real_animation_start_time = time.time()
else:
self.window = None
self.camera = self.camera_class(**self.camera_config)
self.file_writer = SceneFileWriter(self, **self.file_writer_config)
self.mobjects = []
self.num_plays = 0
self.time = 0
self.skip_time = 0
self.original_skipping_status = self.skip_animations
self.time_of_last_frame = time.time()
# Items associated with interaction
self.mouse_point = Point()
self.mouse_drag_point = Point()
self.zoom_on_scroll = False
self.quit_interaction = False
# Much nice to work with deterministic scenes
if self.random_seed is not None:
random.seed(self.random_seed)
np.random.seed(self.random_seed)
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
digest_config(self, kwargs)
if self.preview:
from manimlib.window import Window
self.window = Window(scene=self, **self.window_config)
self.camera_config["ctx"] = self.window.ctx
else:
self.window = None
self.camera = self.camera_class(**self.camera_config)
self.file_writer = SceneFileWriter(self, **self.file_writer_config)
self.mobjects = []
self.num_plays = 0
self.time = 0
self.skip_time = 0
self.original_skipping_status = self.skip_animations
# Items associated with interaction
self.mouse_point = Point()
self.mouse_drag_point = Point()
# Much nicer to work with deterministic scenes
if self.random_seed is not None:
random.seed(self.random_seed)
np.random.seed(self.random_seed)
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
digest_config(self, kwargs)
if self.preview:
from manimlib.window import Window
self.window = Window(scene=self, **self.window_config)
self.camera_config["ctx"] = self.window.ctx
self.camera_config["fps"] = 30 # Where's that 30 from?
self.undo_stack = []
self.redo_stack = []
else:
self.window = None
self.camera: Camera = self.camera_class(**self.camera_config)
self.file_writer = SceneFileWriter(self, **self.file_writer_config)
self.mobjects: list[Mobject] = [self.camera.frame]
self.id_to_mobject_map: dict[int, Mobject] = dict()
self.num_plays: int = 0
self.time: float = 0
self.skip_time: float = 0
self.original_skipping_status: bool = self.skip_animations
self.checkpoint_states: dict[str, list[tuple[Mobject,
Mobject]]] = dict()
if self.start_at_animation_number is not None:
self.skip_animations = True
if self.file_writer.has_progress_display:
self.show_animation_progress = False
# Items associated with interaction
self.mouse_point = Point()
self.mouse_drag_point = Point()
self.hold_on_wait = self.presenter_mode
self.inside_embed = False
self.quit_interaction = False
# Much nicer to work with deterministic scenes
if self.random_seed is not None:
random.seed(self.random_seed)
np.random.seed(self.random_seed)
class Scene(object):
CONFIG = {
"window_config": {},
"camera_class": Camera,
"camera_config": {},
"file_writer_config": {},
"skip_animations": False,
"always_update_mobjects": False,
"random_seed": 0,
"start_at_animation_number": None,
"end_at_animation_number": None,
"leave_progress_bars": False,
"preview": True,
"presenter_mode": False,
"linger_after_completion": True,
"pan_sensitivity": 3,
}
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
digest_config(self, kwargs)
if self.preview:
from manimlib.window import Window
self.window = Window(scene=self, **self.window_config)
self.camera_config["ctx"] = self.window.ctx
self.camera_config["frame_rate"] = 30 # Where's that 30 from?
else:
self.window = None
self.camera: Camera = self.camera_class(**self.camera_config)
self.file_writer = SceneFileWriter(self, **self.file_writer_config)
self.mobjects: list[Mobject] = [self.camera.frame]
self.num_plays: int = 0
self.time: float = 0
self.skip_time: float = 0
self.original_skipping_status: bool = self.skip_animations
if self.start_at_animation_number is not None:
self.skip_animations = True
# Items associated with interaction
self.mouse_point = Point()
self.mouse_drag_point = Point()
self.hold_on_wait = self.presenter_mode
# Much nicer to work with deterministic scenes
if self.random_seed is not None:
random.seed(self.random_seed)
np.random.seed(self.random_seed)
def run(self) -> None:
self.virtual_animation_start_time: float = 0
self.real_animation_start_time: float = time.time()
self.file_writer.begin()
self.setup()
try:
self.construct()
except EndSceneEarlyException:
pass
self.tear_down()
def setup(self) -> None:
"""
This is meant to be implement by any scenes which
are comonly subclassed, and have some common setup
involved before the construct method is called.
"""
pass
def construct(self) -> None:
# Where all the animation happens
# To be implemented in subclasses
pass
def tear_down(self) -> None:
self.stop_skipping()
self.file_writer.finish()
if self.window and self.linger_after_completion:
self.interact()
def interact(self) -> None:
# If there is a window, enter a loop
# which updates the frame while under
# the hood calling the pyglet event loop
log.info(
"Tips: You are now in the interactive mode. Now you can use the keyboard"
" and the mouse to interact with the scene. Just press `q` if you want to quit."
)
self.quit_interaction = False
self.lock_static_mobject_data()
while not (self.window.is_closing or self.quit_interaction):
self.update_frame(1 / self.camera.frame_rate)
if self.window.is_closing:
self.window.destroy()
if self.quit_interaction:
self.unlock_mobject_data()
def embed(self, close_scene_on_exit: bool = True) -> None:
if not self.preview:
# If the scene is just being
# written, ignore embed calls
return
self.stop_skipping()
self.linger_after_completion = False
self.update_frame()
# Save scene state at the point of embedding
self.save_state()
from IPython.terminal.embed import InteractiveShellEmbed
shell = InteractiveShellEmbed()
# Have the frame update after each command
shell.events.register('post_run_cell',
lambda *a, **kw: self.update_frame())
# Use the locals of the caller as the local namespace
# once embedded, and add a few custom shortcuts
local_ns = inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_locals
local_ns["touch"] = self.interact
for term in ("play", "wait", "add", "remove", "clear", "save_state",
"restore"):
local_ns[term] = getattr(self, term)
log.info(
"Tips: Now the embed iPython terminal is open. But you can't interact with"
" the window directly. To do so, you need to type `touch()` or `self.interact()`"
)
shell(local_ns=local_ns, stack_depth=2)
# End scene when exiting an embed
if close_scene_on_exit:
raise EndSceneEarlyException()
def __str__(self) -> str:
return self.__class__.__name__
# Only these methods should touch the camera
def get_image(self) -> Image:
return self.camera.get_image()
def show(self) -> None:
self.update_frame(ignore_skipping=True)
self.get_image().show()
def update_frame(self,
dt: float = 0,
ignore_skipping: bool = False) -> None:
self.increment_time(dt)
self.update_mobjects(dt)
if self.skip_animations and not ignore_skipping:
return
if self.window:
self.window.clear()
self.camera.clear()
self.camera.capture(*self.mobjects)
if self.window:
self.window.swap_buffers()
vt = self.time - self.virtual_animation_start_time
rt = time.time() - self.real_animation_start_time
if rt < vt:
self.update_frame(0)
def emit_frame(self) -> None:
if not self.skip_animations:
self.file_writer.write_frame(self.camera)
# Related to updating
def update_mobjects(self, dt: float) -> None:
for mobject in self.mobjects:
mobject.update(dt)
def should_update_mobjects(self) -> bool:
return self.always_update_mobjects or any(
[len(mob.get_family_updaters()) > 0 for mob in self.mobjects])
def has_time_based_updaters(self) -> bool:
return any([
sm.has_time_based_updater() for mob in self.mobjects()
for sm in mob.get_family()
])
# Related to time
def get_time(self) -> float:
return self.time
def increment_time(self, dt: float) -> None:
self.time += dt
# Related to internal mobject organization
def get_top_level_mobjects(self) -> list[Mobject]:
# Return only those which are not in the family
# of another mobject from the scene
mobjects = self.get_mobjects()
families = [m.get_family() for m in mobjects]
def is_top_level(mobject):
num_families = sum([(mobject in family) for family in families])
return num_families == 1
return list(filter(is_top_level, mobjects))
def get_mobject_family_members(self) -> list[Mobject]:
return extract_mobject_family_members(self.mobjects)
def add(self, *new_mobjects: Mobject):
"""
Mobjects will be displayed, from background to
foreground in the order with which they are added.
"""
self.remove(*new_mobjects)
self.mobjects += new_mobjects
return self
def add_mobjects_among(self, values: Iterable):
"""
This is meant mostly for quick prototyping,
e.g. to add all mobjects defined up to a point,
call self.add_mobjects_among(locals().values())
"""
self.add(*filter(lambda m: isinstance(m, Mobject), values))
return self
def remove(self, *mobjects_to_remove: Mobject):
self.mobjects = restructure_list_to_exclude_certain_family_members(
self.mobjects, mobjects_to_remove)
return self
def bring_to_front(self, *mobjects: Mobject):
self.add(*mobjects)
return self
def bring_to_back(self, *mobjects: Mobject):
self.remove(*mobjects)
self.mobjects = list(mobjects) + self.mobjects
return self
def clear(self):
self.mobjects = []
return self
def get_mobjects(self) -> list[Mobject]:
return list(self.mobjects)
def get_mobject_copies(self) -> list[Mobject]:
return [m.copy() for m in self.mobjects]
def point_to_mobject(self,
point: np.ndarray,
search_set: Iterable[Mobject] | None = None,
buff: float = 0) -> Mobject | None:
"""
E.g. if clicking on the scene, this returns the top layer mobject
under a given point
"""
if search_set is None:
search_set = self.mobjects
for mobject in reversed(search_set):
if mobject.is_point_touching(point, buff=buff):
return mobject
return None
# Related to skipping
def update_skipping_status(self) -> None:
if self.start_at_animation_number is not None:
if self.num_plays == self.start_at_animation_number:
self.skip_time = self.time
if not self.original_skipping_status:
self.stop_skipping()
if self.end_at_animation_number is not None:
if self.num_plays >= self.end_at_animation_number:
raise EndSceneEarlyException()
def stop_skipping(self) -> None:
self.virtual_animation_start_time = self.time
self.skip_animations = False
# Methods associated with running animations
def get_time_progression(
self,
run_time: float,
n_iterations: int | None = None,
desc: str = "",
override_skip_animations: bool = False
) -> list[float] | np.ndarray | ProgressDisplay:
if self.skip_animations and not override_skip_animations:
return [run_time]
else:
step = 1 / self.camera.frame_rate
times = np.arange(0, run_time, step)
if self.file_writer.has_progress_display:
self.file_writer.set_progress_display_subdescription(desc)
return times
return ProgressDisplay(
times,
total=n_iterations,
leave=self.leave_progress_bars,
ascii=True if platform.system() == 'Windows' else None,
desc=desc,
)
def get_run_time(self, animations: Iterable[Animation]) -> float:
return np.max([animation.run_time for animation in animations])
def get_animation_time_progression(
self, animations: Iterable[Animation]
) -> list[float] | np.ndarray | ProgressDisplay:
run_time = self.get_run_time(animations)
description = f"{self.num_plays} {animations[0]}"
if len(animations) > 1:
description += ", etc."
time_progression = self.get_time_progression(run_time,
desc=description)
return time_progression
def get_wait_time_progression(
self,
duration: float,
stop_condition: Callable[[], bool] | None = None
) -> list[float] | np.ndarray | ProgressDisplay:
kw = {"desc": f"{self.num_plays} Waiting"}
if stop_condition is not None:
kw["n_iterations"] = -1 # So it doesn't show % progress
kw["override_skip_animations"] = True
return self.get_time_progression(duration, **kw)
def anims_from_play_args(self, *args, **kwargs) -> list[Animation]:
"""
Each arg can either be an animation, or a mobject method
followed by that methods arguments (and potentially follow
by a dict of kwargs for that method).
This animation list is built by going through the args list,
and each animation is simply added, but when a mobject method
s hit, a MoveToTarget animation is built using the args that
follow up until either another animation is hit, another method
is hit, or the args list runs out.
"""
animations = []
state = {
"curr_method": None,
"last_method": None,
"method_args": [],
}
def compile_method(state):
if state["curr_method"] is None:
return
mobject = state["curr_method"].__self__
if state["last_method"] and state[
"last_method"].__self__ is mobject:
animations.pop()
# method should already have target then.
else:
mobject.generate_target()
#
if len(state["method_args"]) > 0 and isinstance(
state["method_args"][-1], dict):
method_kwargs = state["method_args"].pop()
else:
method_kwargs = {}
state["curr_method"].__func__(mobject.target,
*state["method_args"],
**method_kwargs)
animations.append(MoveToTarget(mobject))
state["last_method"] = state["curr_method"]
state["curr_method"] = None
state["method_args"] = []
for arg in args:
if inspect.ismethod(arg):
compile_method(state)
state["curr_method"] = arg
elif state["curr_method"] is not None:
state["method_args"].append(arg)
elif isinstance(arg, Mobject):
raise Exception("""
I think you may have invoked a method
you meant to pass in as a Scene.play argument
""")
else:
try:
anim = prepare_animation(arg)
except TypeError:
raise TypeError(
f"Unexpected argument {arg} passed to Scene.play()")
compile_method(state)
animations.append(anim)
compile_method(state)
for animation in animations:
# This is where kwargs to play like run_time and rate_func
# get applied to all animations
animation.update_config(**kwargs)
return animations
def handle_play_like_call(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.update_skipping_status()
should_write = not self.skip_animations
if should_write:
self.file_writer.begin_animation()
if self.window:
self.real_animation_start_time = time.time()
self.virtual_animation_start_time = self.time
func(self, *args, **kwargs)
if should_write:
self.file_writer.end_animation()
self.num_plays += 1
return wrapper
def lock_static_mobject_data(self, *animations: Animation) -> None:
movers = list(
it.chain(*[anim.mobject.get_family() for anim in animations]))
for mobject in self.mobjects:
if mobject in movers or mobject.get_family_updaters():
continue
self.camera.set_mobjects_as_static(mobject)
def unlock_mobject_data(self) -> None:
self.camera.release_static_mobjects()
def refresh_locked_data(self):
self.unlock_mobject_data()
self.lock_static_mobject_data()
return self
def begin_animations(self, animations: Iterable[Animation]) -> None:
for animation in animations:
animation.begin()
# Anything animated that's not already in the
# scene gets added to the scene. Note, for
# animated mobjects that are in the family of
# those on screen, this can result in a restructuring
# of the scene.mobjects list, which is usually desired.
if animation.mobject not in self.mobjects:
self.add(animation.mobject)
def progress_through_animations(self,
animations: Iterable[Animation]) -> None:
last_t = 0
for t in self.get_animation_time_progression(animations):
dt = t - last_t
last_t = t
for animation in animations:
animation.update_mobjects(dt)
alpha = t / animation.run_time
animation.interpolate(alpha)
self.update_frame(dt)
self.emit_frame()
def finish_animations(self, animations: Iterable[Animation]) -> None:
for animation in animations:
animation.finish()
animation.clean_up_from_scene(self)
if self.skip_animations:
self.update_mobjects(self.get_run_time(animations))
else:
self.update_mobjects(0)
@handle_play_like_call
def play(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
if len(args) == 0:
log.warning("Called Scene.play with no animations")
return
animations = self.anims_from_play_args(*args, **kwargs)
self.lock_static_mobject_data(*animations)
self.begin_animations(animations)
self.progress_through_animations(animations)
self.finish_animations(animations)
self.unlock_mobject_data()
@handle_play_like_call
def wait(self,
duration: float = DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME,
stop_condition: Callable[[], bool] = None,
note: str = None,
ignore_presenter_mode: bool = False):
if note:
log.info(note)
self.update_mobjects(dt=0) # Any problems with this?
self.lock_static_mobject_data()
if self.presenter_mode and not self.skip_animations and not ignore_presenter_mode:
while self.hold_on_wait:
self.update_frame(dt=1 / self.camera.frame_rate)
self.hold_on_wait = True
else:
time_progression = self.get_wait_time_progression(
duration, stop_condition)
last_t = 0
for t in time_progression:
dt = t - last_t
last_t = t
self.update_frame(dt)
self.emit_frame()
if stop_condition is not None and stop_condition():
time_progression.close()
break
self.unlock_mobject_data()
return self
def wait_until(self,
stop_condition: Callable[[], bool],
max_time: float = 60):
self.wait(max_time, stop_condition=stop_condition)
def force_skipping(self):
self.original_skipping_status = self.skip_animations
self.skip_animations = True
return self
def revert_to_original_skipping_status(self):
if hasattr(self, "original_skipping_status"):
self.skip_animations = self.original_skipping_status
return self
def add_sound(self,
sound_file: str,
time_offset: float = 0,
gain: float | None = None,
gain_to_background: float | None = None):
if self.skip_animations:
return
time = self.get_time() + time_offset
self.file_writer.add_sound(sound_file, time, gain, gain_to_background)
# Helpers for interactive development
def save_state(self) -> None:
self.saved_state = {
"mobjects": self.mobjects,
"mobject_states": [mob.copy() for mob in self.mobjects],
}
def restore(self) -> None:
if not hasattr(self, "saved_state"):
raise Exception("Trying to restore scene without having saved")
mobjects = self.saved_state["mobjects"]
states = self.saved_state["mobject_states"]
for mob, state in zip(mobjects, states):
mob.become(state)
self.mobjects = mobjects
# Event handling
def on_mouse_motion(self, point: np.ndarray, d_point: np.ndarray) -> None:
self.mouse_point.move_to(point)
event_data = {"point": point, "d_point": d_point}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MouseMotionEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
frame = self.camera.frame
if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("d")):
frame.increment_theta(-self.pan_sensitivity * d_point[0])
frame.increment_phi(self.pan_sensitivity * d_point[1])
elif self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("s")):
shift = -d_point
shift[0] *= frame.get_width() / 2
shift[1] *= frame.get_height() / 2
transform = frame.get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix()
shift = np.dot(np.transpose(transform), shift)
frame.shift(shift)
def on_mouse_drag(self, point: np.ndarray, d_point: np.ndarray,
buttons: int, modifiers: int) -> None:
self.mouse_drag_point.move_to(point)
event_data = {
"point": point,
"d_point": d_point,
"buttons": buttons,
"modifiers": modifiers
}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MouseDragEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_mouse_press(self, point: np.ndarray, button: int,
mods: int) -> None:
event_data = {"point": point, "button": button, "mods": mods}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MousePressEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_mouse_release(self, point: np.ndarray, button: int,
mods: int) -> None:
event_data = {"point": point, "button": button, "mods": mods}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(
EventType.MouseReleaseEvent, **event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_mouse_scroll(self, point: np.ndarray, offset: np.ndarray) -> None:
event_data = {"point": point, "offset": offset}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MouseScrollEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
frame = self.camera.frame
if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("z")):
factor = 1 + np.arctan(10 * offset[1])
frame.scale(1 / factor, about_point=point)
else:
transform = frame.get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix()
shift = np.dot(np.transpose(transform), offset)
frame.shift(-20.0 * shift)
def on_key_release(self, symbol: int, modifiers: int) -> None:
event_data = {"symbol": symbol, "modifiers": modifiers}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.KeyReleaseEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_key_press(self, symbol: int, modifiers: int) -> None:
try:
char = chr(symbol)
except OverflowError:
log.warning("The value of the pressed key is too large.")
return
event_data = {"symbol": symbol, "modifiers": modifiers}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.KeyPressEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
if char == "r":
self.camera.frame.to_default_state()
elif char == "q":
self.quit_interaction = True
elif char == " " or symbol == 65363: # Space or right arrow
self.hold_on_wait = False
elif char == "e" and modifiers == 3: # ctrl + shift + e
self.embed(close_scene_on_exit=False)
def on_resize(self, width: int, height: int) -> None:
self.camera.reset_pixel_shape(width, height)
def on_show(self) -> None:
pass
def on_hide(self) -> None:
pass
def on_close(self) -> None:
pass
def __init__(self, location: np.ndarray = ORIGIN, **kwargs):
Point.__init__(self, **kwargs)
VMobject.__init__(self, **kwargs)
self.set_points(np.array([location]))
def init_light_source(self):
self.light_source = Point(self.light_source_position)
class Camera(object):
CONFIG = {
"background_image": None,
"frame_config": {},
"pixel_width": DEFAULT_PIXEL_WIDTH,
"pixel_height": DEFAULT_PIXEL_HEIGHT,
"frame_rate": DEFAULT_FRAME_RATE,
# Note: frame height and width will be resized to match
# the pixel aspect ratio
"background_color": BLACK,
"background_opacity": 1,
# Points in vectorized mobjects with norm greater
# than this value will be rescaled.
"max_allowable_norm": FRAME_WIDTH,
"image_mode": "RGBA",
"n_channels": 4,
"pixel_array_dtype": 'uint8',
"light_source_position": [-10, 10, 10],
# Measured in pixel widths, used for vector graphics
"anti_alias_width": 1.5,
# Although vector graphics handle antialiasing fine
# without multisampling, for 3d scenes one might want
# to set samples to be greater than 0.
"samples": 0,
}
def __init__(self, ctx=None, **kwargs):
digest_config(self, kwargs, locals())
self.rgb_max_val = np.iinfo(self.pixel_array_dtype).max
self.background_rgba = [
*Color(self.background_color).get_rgb(), self.background_opacity
]
self.init_frame()
# 初始化OpenGL
self.init_context(ctx)
self.init_shaders()
self.init_textures()
self.init_light_source()
self.refresh_perspective_uniforms()
self.static_mobject_to_render_group_list = {}
def init_frame(self):
self.frame = CameraFrame(**self.frame_config)
def init_context(self, ctx=None):
if ctx is None:
ctx = moderngl.create_standalone_context()
fbo = self.get_fbo(ctx, 0)
else:
fbo = ctx.detect_framebuffer()
# For multisample antialiasing
fbo_msaa = self.get_fbo(ctx, self.samples)
fbo_msaa.use()
ctx.enable(moderngl.BLEND)
ctx.blend_func = (moderngl.SRC_ALPHA, moderngl.ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA,
moderngl.ONE, moderngl.ONE)
self.ctx = ctx
self.fbo = fbo
self.fbo_msaa = fbo_msaa
def init_light_source(self):
self.light_source = Point(self.light_source_position)
# Methods associated with the frame buffer
def get_fbo(self, ctx, samples=0):
pw = self.pixel_width
ph = self.pixel_height
return ctx.framebuffer(color_attachments=ctx.texture(
(pw, ph),
components=self.n_channels,
samples=samples,
),
depth_attachment=ctx.depth_renderbuffer(
(pw, ph), samples=samples))
def clear(self):
self.fbo.clear(*self.background_rgba)
self.fbo_msaa.clear(*self.background_rgba)
def reset_pixel_shape(self, new_width, new_height):
self.pixel_width = new_width
self.pixel_height = new_height
self.refresh_perspective_uniforms()
def get_raw_fbo_data(self, dtype='f1'):
# Copy blocks from the fbo_msaa to the drawn fbo using Blit
pw, ph = (self.pixel_width, self.pixel_height)
gl.glBindFramebuffer(gl.GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, self.fbo_msaa.glo)
gl.glBindFramebuffer(gl.GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, self.fbo.glo)
gl.glBlitFramebuffer(0, 0, pw, ph, 0, 0, pw, ph,
gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, gl.GL_LINEAR)
return self.fbo.read(
viewport=self.fbo.viewport,
components=self.n_channels,
dtype=dtype,
)
def get_image(self, pixel_array=None):
return Image.frombytes('RGBA', self.get_pixel_shape(),
self.get_raw_fbo_data(), 'raw', 'RGBA', 0, -1)
def get_pixel_array(self):
raw = self.get_raw_fbo_data(dtype='f4')
flat_arr = np.frombuffer(raw, dtype='f4')
arr = flat_arr.reshape([*self.fbo.size, self.n_channels])
# Convert from float
return (self.rgb_max_val * arr).astype(self.pixel_array_dtype)
# Needed?
def get_texture(self):
texture = self.ctx.texture(size=self.fbo.size,
components=4,
data=self.get_raw_fbo_data(),
dtype='f4')
return texture
# Getting camera attributes
def get_pixel_shape(self):
return self.fbo.viewport[2:4]
# return (self.pixel_width, self.pixel_height)
def get_pixel_width(self):
return self.get_pixel_shape()[0]
def get_pixel_height(self):
return self.get_pixel_shape()[1]
def get_frame_height(self):
return self.frame.get_height()
def get_frame_width(self):
return self.frame.get_width()
def get_frame_shape(self):
return (self.get_frame_width(), self.get_frame_height())
def get_frame_center(self):
return self.frame.get_center()
def resize_frame_shape(self, fixed_dimension=0):
"""
Changes frame_shape to match the aspect ratio
of the pixels, where fixed_dimension determines
whether frame_height or frame_width
remains fixed while the other changes accordingly.
"""
pixel_height = self.get_pixel_height()
pixel_width = self.get_pixel_width()
frame_height = self.get_frame_height()
frame_width = self.get_frame_width()
aspect_ratio = fdiv(pixel_width, pixel_height)
if fixed_dimension == 0:
frame_height = frame_width / aspect_ratio
else:
frame_width = aspect_ratio * frame_height
self.frame.set_height(frame_height)
self.frame.set_width(frame_width)
def pixel_coords_to_space_coords(self, px, py, relative=False):
pw, ph = self.fbo.size
fw, fh = self.get_frame_shape()
fc = self.get_frame_center()
if relative:
return 2 * np.array([px / pw, py / ph, 0])
else:
# Only scale wrt one axis
scale = fh / ph
return fc + scale * np.array([(px - pw / 2), (py - ph / 2), 0])
# Rendering
def capture(self, *mobjects, **kwargs):
# 刷新摄像机
self.refresh_perspective_uniforms()
# 绘制每一个对象
for mobject in mobjects:
for render_group in self.get_render_group_list(mobject):
self.render(render_group)
def render(self, render_group):
shader_wrapper = render_group["shader_wrapper"]
shader_program = render_group["prog"]
self.set_shader_uniforms(shader_program, shader_wrapper)
self.update_depth_test(shader_wrapper)
# 渲染顶点数据
render_group["vao"].render(int(shader_wrapper.render_primitive))
#
if render_group["single_use"]:
self.release_render_group(render_group)
def update_depth_test(self, shader_wrapper):
if shader_wrapper.depth_test:
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
else:
self.ctx.disable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
def get_render_group_list(self, mobject):
try:
return self.static_mobject_to_render_group_list[id(mobject)]
except KeyError:
return map(self.get_render_group,
mobject.get_shader_wrapper_list())
def get_render_group(self, shader_wrapper, single_use=True):
# Data buffers
vbo = self.ctx.buffer(shader_wrapper.vert_data.tobytes())
if shader_wrapper.vert_indices is None:
ibo = None
else:
vert_index_data = shader_wrapper.vert_indices.astype(
'i4').tobytes()
if vert_index_data:
ibo = self.ctx.buffer(vert_index_data)
else:
ibo = None
# Program and vertex array
shader_program, vert_format = self.get_shader_program(shader_wrapper)
#
vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(
program=shader_program,
content=[(vbo, vert_format, *shader_wrapper.vert_attributes)],
index_buffer=ibo,
)
return {
"vbo": vbo,
"ibo": ibo,
"vao": vao,
"prog": shader_program,
"shader_wrapper": shader_wrapper,
"single_use": single_use,
}
def release_render_group(self, render_group):
for key in ["vbo", "ibo", "vao"]:
if render_group[key] is not None:
render_group[key].release()
def set_mobjects_as_static(self, *mobjects):
# Creates buffer and array objects holding each mobjects shader data
for mob in mobjects:
self.static_mobject_to_render_group_list[id(mob)] = [
self.get_render_group(sw, single_use=False)
for sw in mob.get_shader_wrapper_list()
]
def release_static_mobjects(self):
for rg_list in self.static_mobject_to_render_group_list.values():
for render_group in rg_list:
self.release_render_group(render_group)
self.static_mobject_to_render_group_list = {}
# Shaders
def init_shaders(self):
# Initialize with the null id going to None
self.id_to_shader_program = {"": None}
def get_shader_program(self, shader_wrapper):
sid = shader_wrapper.get_program_id()
if sid not in self.id_to_shader_program:
# Create shader program for the first time, then cache
# in the id_to_shader_program dictionary
program = self.ctx.program(**shader_wrapper.get_program_code())
vert_format = moderngl.detect_format(
program, shader_wrapper.vert_attributes)
self.id_to_shader_program[sid] = (program, vert_format)
return self.id_to_shader_program[sid]
def set_shader_uniforms(self, shader, shader_wrapper):
for name, path in shader_wrapper.texture_paths.items():
tid = self.get_texture_id(path)
shader[name].value = tid
for name, value in it.chain(shader_wrapper.uniforms.items(),
self.perspective_uniforms.items()):
try:
shader[name].value = value
except KeyError:
pass
def refresh_perspective_uniforms(self):
frame = self.frame
pw, ph = self.get_pixel_shape()
fw, fh = frame.get_shape()
# TODO, this should probably be a mobject uniform, with
# the camera taking care of the conversion factor
anti_alias_width = self.anti_alias_width / (ph / fh)
# Orient light
rotation = frame.get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix()
light_pos = self.light_source.get_location()
light_pos = np.dot(rotation, light_pos)
self.perspective_uniforms = {
"frame_shape": frame.get_shape(),
"anti_alias_width": anti_alias_width,
"camera_center": tuple(frame.get_center()),
"camera_rotation": tuple(np.array(rotation).T.flatten()),
"light_source_position": tuple(light_pos),
"focal_distance": frame.get_focal_distance(),
}
def init_textures(self):
self.path_to_texture_id = {}
def get_texture_id(self, path):
if path not in self.path_to_texture_id:
# A way to increase tid's sequentially
tid = len(self.path_to_texture_id)
im = Image.open(path)
texture = self.ctx.texture(
size=im.size,
components=len(im.getbands()),
data=im.tobytes(),
)
texture.use(location=tid)
self.path_to_texture_id[path] = tid
return self.path_to_texture_id[path]
class Scene(object):
CONFIG = {
"window_config": {},
"camera_class": Camera,
"camera_config": {},
"file_writer_config": {},
"skip_animations": False,
"always_update_mobjects": False,
"random_seed": 0,
"start_at_animation_number": None,
"end_at_animation_number": None,
"leave_progress_bars": False,
"preview": True,
"linger_after_completion": True,
}
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
digest_config(self, kwargs)
if self.preview:
from manimlib.window import Window
self.window = Window(scene=self, **self.window_config)
self.camera_config["ctx"] = self.window.ctx
else:
self.window = None
self.camera = self.camera_class(**self.camera_config)
self.file_writer = SceneFileWriter(self, **self.file_writer_config)
self.mobjects = []
self.num_plays = 0
self.speed_up = 1.0
self.time = 0
self.skip_time = 0
self.original_skipping_status = self.skip_animations
# Items associated with interaction
self.mouse_point = Point()
self.mouse_drag_point = Point()
# Much nicer to work with deterministic scenes
if self.random_seed is not None:
random.seed(self.random_seed)
np.random.seed(self.random_seed)
def run(self):
self.virtual_animation_start_time = 0
self.real_animation_start_time = time.time()
self.file_writer.begin()
self.setup()
try:
self.construct()
except EndSceneEarlyException:
pass
self.tear_down()
def setup(self):
"""
This is meant to be implement by any scenes which
are comonly subclassed, and have some common setup
involved before the construct method is called.
"""
pass
def construct(self):
# Where all the animation happens
# To be implemented in subclasses
pass
def tear_down(self):
self.stop_skipping()
self.file_writer.finish()
if self.window and self.linger_after_completion:
self.interact()
def interact(self):
# If there is a window, enter a loop
# which updates the frame while under
# the hood calling the pyglet event loop
self.quit_interaction = False
self.lock_static_mobject_data()
while not (self.window.is_closing or self.quit_interaction):
self.update_frame()
if self.window.is_closing:
self.window.destroy()
if self.quit_interaction:
self.unlock_mobject_data()
def embed(self):
if not self.preview:
# If the scene is just being
# written, ignore embed calls
return
self.stop_skipping()
self.linger_after_completion = False
self.update_frame()
from IPython.terminal.embed import InteractiveShellEmbed
shell = InteractiveShellEmbed()
# Have the frame update after each command
shell.events.register('post_run_cell',
lambda *a, **kw: self.update_frame())
# Use the locals of the caller as the local namespace
# once embeded, and add a few custom shortcuts
local_ns = inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_locals
local_ns["touch"] = self.interact
for term in ("play", "wait", "add", "remove", "clear", "save_state",
"restore"):
local_ns[term] = getattr(self, term)
shell(local_ns=local_ns, stack_depth=2)
# End scene when exiting an embed.
raise EndSceneEarlyException()
def __str__(self):
return self.__class__.__name__
# Only these methods should touch the camera
def get_image(self):
return self.camera.get_image()
def show(self):
self.update_frame(ignore_skipping=True)
self.get_image().show()
def update_frame(self, dt=0, ignore_skipping=False):
self.increment_time(dt)
self.update_mobjects(dt)
if self.skip_animations and not ignore_skipping:
return
if self.window:
self.window.clear()
self.camera.clear()
self.camera.capture(*self.mobjects)
if self.window:
try:
self.window.swap_buffers()
vt = self.time - self.virtual_animation_start_time
rt = time.time() - self.real_animation_start_time
if rt < vt:
self.update_frame(0)
except:
print("scene update frame except, exit")
exit(0)
def emit_frame(self):
if not self.skip_animations:
self.file_writer.write_frame(self.camera)
# Related to updating
def update_mobjects(self, dt):
for mobject in self.mobjects:
mobject.update(dt)
def should_update_mobjects(self):
return self.always_update_mobjects or any(
[len(mob.get_family_updaters()) > 0 for mob in self.mobjects])
# Related to time
def get_time(self):
return self.time
def increment_time(self, dt):
self.time += dt
# Related to internal mobject organization
def get_top_level_mobjects(self):
# Return only those which are not in the family
# of another mobject from the scene
mobjects = self.get_mobjects()
families = [m.get_family() for m in mobjects]
def is_top_level(mobject):
num_families = sum([(mobject in family) for family in families])
return num_families == 1
return list(filter(is_top_level, mobjects))
def get_mobject_family_members(self):
return extract_mobject_family_members(self.mobjects)
def add(self, *new_mobjects):
"""
Mobjects will be displayed, from background to
foreground in the order with which they are added.
"""
self.remove(*new_mobjects)
self.mobjects += new_mobjects
return self
def add_mobjects_among(self, values):
"""
This is meant mostly for quick prototyping,
e.g. to add all mobjects defined up to a point,
call self.add_mobjects_among(locals().values())
"""
self.add(*filter(lambda m: isinstance(m, Mobject), values))
return self
def remove(self, *mobjects_to_remove):
self.mobjects = restructure_list_to_exclude_certain_family_members(
self.mobjects, mobjects_to_remove)
return self
def bring_to_front(self, *mobjects):
self.add(*mobjects)
return self
def bring_to_back(self, *mobjects):
self.remove(*mobjects)
self.mobjects = list(mobjects) + self.mobjects
return self
def clear(self):
self.mobjects = []
return self
def get_mobjects(self):
return list(self.mobjects)
def get_mobject_copies(self):
return [m.copy() for m in self.mobjects]
# Related to skipping
def update_skipping_status(self):
if self.start_at_animation_number is not None:
if self.num_plays == self.start_at_animation_number:
self.stop_skipping()
if self.end_at_animation_number is not None:
if self.num_plays >= self.end_at_animation_number:
raise EndSceneEarlyException()
def stop_skipping(self):
if self.skip_animations:
self.skip_animations = False
self.skip_time += self.time
# Methods associated with running animations
def get_time_progression(self,
run_time,
n_iterations=None,
override_skip_animations=False):
if self.skip_animations and not override_skip_animations:
times = [run_time]
else:
step = 1 / self.camera.frame_rate
times = np.arange(0, run_time, step)
time_progression = ProgressDisplay(
times,
total=n_iterations,
leave=self.leave_progress_bars,
ascii=True if platform.system() == 'Windows' else None)
return time_progression
def get_run_time(self, animations):
return np.max([animation.run_time
for animation in animations]) * self.speed_up
def get_animation_time_progression(self, animations):
run_time = self.get_run_time(animations)
time_progression = self.get_time_progression(run_time)
time_progression.set_description("".join([
f"Animation {self.num_plays}: {animations[0]}",
", etc." if len(animations) > 1 else "",
]))
return time_progression
def get_wait_time_progression(self, duration, stop_condition):
if stop_condition is not None:
time_progression = self.get_time_progression(
duration,
n_iterations=-1, # So it doesn't show % progress
override_skip_animations=True)
time_progression.set_description("Waiting for {}".format(
stop_condition.__name__))
else:
time_progression = self.get_time_progression(duration)
time_progression.set_description("Waiting {}".format(
self.num_plays))
return time_progression
def anims_from_play_args(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Each arg can either be an animation, or a mobject method
followed by that methods arguments (and potentially follow
by a dict of kwargs for that method).
This animation list is built by going through the args list,
and each animation is simply added, but when a mobject method
s hit, a MoveToTarget animation is built using the args that
follow up until either another animation is hit, another method
is hit, or the args list runs out.
"""
animations = []
state = {
"curr_method": None,
"last_method": None,
"method_args": [],
}
def compile_method(state):
if state["curr_method"] is None:
return
mobject = state["curr_method"].__self__
if state["last_method"] and state[
"last_method"].__self__ is mobject:
animations.pop()
# method should already have target then.
else:
mobject.generate_target()
#
if len(state["method_args"]) > 0 and isinstance(
state["method_args"][-1], dict):
method_kwargs = state["method_args"].pop()
else:
method_kwargs = {}
state["curr_method"].__func__(mobject.target,
*state["method_args"],
**method_kwargs)
animations.append(MoveToTarget(mobject))
state["last_method"] = state["curr_method"]
state["curr_method"] = None
state["method_args"] = []
for arg in args:
if inspect.ismethod(arg):
compile_method(state)
state["curr_method"] = arg
elif state["curr_method"] is not None:
state["method_args"].append(arg)
elif isinstance(arg, Mobject):
raise Exception("""
I think you may have invoked a method
you meant to pass in as a Scene.play argument
""")
else:
try:
anim = prepare_animation(arg)
except TypeError:
raise TypeError(
f"Unexpected argument {arg} passed to Scene.play()")
compile_method(state)
animations.append(anim)
compile_method(state)
for animation in animations:
# This is where kwargs to play like run_time and rate_func
# get applied to all animations
animation.update_config(**kwargs)
return animations
def handle_play_like_call(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.update_skipping_status()
should_write = not self.skip_animations
if should_write:
self.file_writer.begin_animation()
if self.window:
self.real_animation_start_time = time.time()
self.virtual_animation_start_time = self.time
func(self, *args, **kwargs)
if should_write:
self.file_writer.end_animation()
self.num_plays += 1
return wrapper
def lock_static_mobject_data(self, *animations):
# 统计所有需要动画的对象
movers = list(
it.chain(*[anim.mobject.get_family() for anim in animations]))
for mobject in self.mobjects:
if mobject in movers or mobject.get_family_updaters():
continue
# 锁定不需要更新的对象
self.camera.set_mobjects_as_static(mobject)
def unlock_mobject_data(self):
self.camera.release_static_mobjects()
def begin_animations(self, animations):
for animation in animations:
animation.begin()
# Anything animated that's not already in the
# scene gets added to the scene. Note, for
# animated mobjects that are in the family of
# those on screen, this can result in a restructuring
# of the scene.mobjects list, which is usually desired.
if animation.mobject not in self.mobjects:
self.add(animation.mobject)
def progress_through_animations(self, animations):
last_t = 0
for t in self.get_animation_time_progression(animations):
dt = t - last_t
last_t = t
for animation in animations:
animation.update_mobjects(dt)
alpha = t / animation.run_time
animation.interpolate(alpha)
self.update_frame(dt)
# 写文件
self.emit_frame()
def finish_animations(self, animations):
for animation in animations:
animation.finish()
animation.clean_up_from_scene(self)
if self.skip_animations:
self.update_mobjects(self.get_run_time(animations))
else:
self.update_mobjects(0)
@handle_play_like_call
def play(self, *args, **kwargs):
if len(args) == 0:
logging.log(logging.WARNING,
"Called Scene.play with no animations")
return
# 从play的参数中获取所有的动画
animations = self.anims_from_play_args(*args, **kwargs)
# 锁定静态的对象
self.lock_static_mobject_data(*animations)
# 开始动画，调用每个动画的begin方法，并且自动加入对象到scene
self.begin_animations(animations)
# 更新所有帧
self.progress_through_animations(animations)
# 完成动画，清理工作
self.finish_animations(animations)
# 解锁对象
self.unlock_mobject_data()
@handle_play_like_call
def wait(self, duration=DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME, stop_condition=None):
duration = duration * self.speed_up
self.update_mobjects(dt=0) # Any problems with this?
if self.should_update_mobjects():
self.lock_static_mobject_data()
time_progression = self.get_wait_time_progression(
duration, stop_condition)
last_t = 0
for t in time_progression:
dt = t - last_t
last_t = t
self.update_frame(dt)
self.emit_frame()
if stop_condition is not None and stop_condition():
time_progression.close()
break
self.unlock_mobject_data()
elif self.skip_animations:
# Do nothing
return self
else:
self.update_frame(duration)
n_frames = int(duration * self.camera.frame_rate)
for n in range(n_frames):
self.emit_frame()
return self
def reset_speed_up(self):
self.speed_up = 1.0
def go_speed_up(self):
self.speed_up = 0.1
def wait_until(self, stop_condition, max_time=60):
self.wait(max_time, stop_condition=stop_condition)
def force_skipping(self):
self.original_skipping_status = self.skip_animations
self.skip_animations = True
return self
def revert_to_original_skipping_status(self):
if hasattr(self, "original_skipping_status"):
self.skip_animations = self.original_skipping_status
return self
def add_sound(self, sound_file, time_offset=0, gain=None, **kwargs):
if self.skip_animations:
return
time = self.get_time() + time_offset
self.file_writer.add_sound(sound_file, time, gain, **kwargs)
# Helpers for interactive development
def save_state(self):
self.saved_state = {
"mobjects": self.mobjects,
"mobject_states": [mob.copy() for mob in self.mobjects],
}
def restore(self):
if not hasattr(self, "saved_state"):
raise Exception("Trying to restore scene without having saved")
mobjects = self.saved_state["mobjects"]
states = self.saved_state["mobject_states"]
for mob, state in zip(mobjects, states):
mob.become(state)
self.mobjects = mobjects
# Event handling
def on_mouse_motion(self, point, d_point):
self.mouse_point.move_to(point)
event_data = {"point": point, "d_point": d_point}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MouseMotionEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
frame = self.camera.frame
if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("d")):
frame.increment_theta(-d_point[0])
frame.increment_phi(d_point[1])
elif self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("s")):
shift = -d_point
shift[0] *= frame.get_width() / 2
shift[1] *= frame.get_height() / 2
transform = frame.get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix()
shift = np.dot(np.transpose(transform), shift)
frame.shift(shift)
def on_mouse_drag(self, point, d_point, buttons, modifiers):
self.mouse_drag_point.move_to(point)
event_data = {
"point": point,
"d_point": d_point,
"buttons": buttons,
"modifiers": modifiers
}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MouseDragEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_mouse_press(self, point, button, mods):
event_data = {"point": point, "button": button, "mods": mods}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MousePressEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_mouse_release(self, point, button, mods):
event_data = {"point": point, "button": button, "mods": mods}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(
EventType.MouseReleaseEvent, **event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_mouse_scroll(self, point, offset):
event_data = {"point": point, "offset": offset}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MouseScrollEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
frame = self.camera.frame
if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("z")):
factor = 1 + np.arctan(10 * offset[1])
frame.scale(factor, about_point=point)
else:
transform = frame.get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix()
shift = np.dot(np.transpose(transform), offset)
frame.shift(-20.0 * shift)
def on_key_release(self, symbol, modifiers):
event_data = {"symbol": symbol, "modifiers": modifiers}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.KeyReleaseEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):
try:
char = chr(symbol)
if symbol == 65363 and self.speed_up > 0.1:
self.speed_up -= 0.1
print("[scene] speed", self.speed_up)
if symbol == 65361 and self.speed_up < 2.0:
self.speed_up += 0.1
print("[scene] speed", self.speed_up)
except OverflowError:
print(" Warning: The value of the pressed key is too large.")
return
event_data = {"symbol": symbol, "modifiers": modifiers}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.KeyPressEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
if char == "r":
self.camera.frame.to_default_state()
elif char == "q":
self.quit_interaction = True
def on_resize(self, width: int, height: int):
self.camera.reset_pixel_shape(width, height)
def on_show(self):
pass
def on_hide(self):
pass
def on_close(self):
pass
class Camera(object):
CONFIG = {
"background_image": None,
"frame_config": {},
"pixel_width": DEFAULT_PIXEL_WIDTH,
"pixel_height": DEFAULT_PIXEL_HEIGHT,
"fps": DEFAULT_FPS,
# Note: frame height and width will be resized to match
# the pixel aspect ratio
"background_color": BLACK,
"background_opacity": 1,
# Points in vectorized mobjects with norm greater
# than this value will be rescaled.
"max_allowable_norm": FRAME_WIDTH,
"image_mode": "RGBA",
"n_channels": 4,
"pixel_array_dtype": 'uint8',
"light_source_position": [-10, 10, 10],
# Measured in pixel widths, used for vector graphics
"anti_alias_width": 1.5,
# Although vector graphics handle antialiasing fine
# without multisampling, for 3d scenes one might want
# to set samples to be greater than 0.
"samples": 0,
}
def __init__(self, ctx: moderngl.Context | None = None, **kwargs):
digest_config(self, kwargs, locals())
self.rgb_max_val: float = np.iinfo(self.pixel_array_dtype).max
self.background_rgba: list[float] = list(
color_to_rgba(self.background_color, self.background_opacity))
self.init_frame()
self.init_context(ctx)
self.init_shaders()
self.init_textures()
self.init_light_source()
self.refresh_perspective_uniforms()
# A cached map from mobjects to their associated list of render groups
# so that these render groups are not regenerated unnecessarily for static
# mobjects
self.mob_to_render_groups = {}
def init_frame(self) -> None:
self.frame = CameraFrame(**self.frame_config)
def init_context(self, ctx: moderngl.Context | None = None) -> None:
if ctx is None:
ctx = moderngl.create_standalone_context()
fbo = self.get_fbo(ctx, 0)
else:
fbo = ctx.detect_framebuffer()
self.ctx = ctx
self.fbo = fbo
self.set_ctx_blending()
# For multisample antialiasing
fbo_msaa = self.get_fbo(ctx, self.samples)
fbo_msaa.use()
self.fbo_msaa = fbo_msaa
def set_ctx_blending(self, enable: bool = True) -> None:
if enable:
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.BLEND)
else:
self.ctx.disable(moderngl.BLEND)
self.ctx.blend_func = (
moderngl.SRC_ALPHA,
moderngl.ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA,
# moderngl.ONE, moderngl.ONE
)
def set_ctx_depth_test(self, enable: bool = True) -> None:
if enable:
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
else:
self.ctx.disable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
def init_light_source(self) -> None:
self.light_source = Point(self.light_source_position)
# Methods associated with the frame buffer
def get_fbo(self,
ctx: moderngl.Context,
samples: int = 0) -> moderngl.Framebuffer:
pw = self.pixel_width
ph = self.pixel_height
return ctx.framebuffer(color_attachments=ctx.texture(
(pw, ph),
components=self.n_channels,
samples=samples,
),
depth_attachment=ctx.depth_renderbuffer(
(pw, ph), samples=samples))
def clear(self) -> None:
self.fbo.clear(*self.background_rgba)
self.fbo_msaa.clear(*self.background_rgba)
def reset_pixel_shape(self, new_width: int, new_height: int) -> None:
self.pixel_width = new_width
self.pixel_height = new_height
self.refresh_perspective_uniforms()
def get_raw_fbo_data(self, dtype: str = 'f1') -> bytes:
# Copy blocks from the fbo_msaa to the drawn fbo using Blit
pw, ph = (self.pixel_width, self.pixel_height)
gl.glBindFramebuffer(gl.GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, self.fbo_msaa.glo)
gl.glBindFramebuffer(gl.GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, self.fbo.glo)
gl.glBlitFramebuffer(0, 0, pw, ph, 0, 0, pw, ph,
gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, gl.GL_LINEAR)
return self.fbo.read(
viewport=self.fbo.viewport,
components=self.n_channels,
dtype=dtype,
)
def get_image(self) -> Image.Image:
return Image.frombytes('RGBA', self.get_pixel_shape(),
self.get_raw_fbo_data(), 'raw', 'RGBA', 0, -1)
def get_pixel_array(self) -> np.ndarray:
raw = self.get_raw_fbo_data(dtype='f4')
flat_arr = np.frombuffer(raw, dtype='f4')
arr = flat_arr.reshape([*self.fbo.size, self.n_channels])
# Convert from float
return (self.rgb_max_val * arr).astype(self.pixel_array_dtype)
# Needed?
def get_texture(self) -> moderngl.Texture:
texture = self.ctx.texture(size=self.fbo.size,
components=4,
data=self.get_raw_fbo_data(),
dtype='f4')
return texture
# Getting camera attributes
def get_pixel_shape(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
return self.fbo.viewport[2:4]
# return (self.pixel_width, self.pixel_height)
def get_pixel_width(self) -> int:
return self.get_pixel_shape()[0]
def get_pixel_height(self) -> int:
return self.get_pixel_shape()[1]
def get_frame_height(self) -> float:
return self.frame.get_height()
def get_frame_width(self) -> float:
return self.frame.get_width()
def get_frame_shape(self) -> tuple[float, float]:
return (self.get_frame_width(), self.get_frame_height())
def get_frame_center(self) -> np.ndarray:
return self.frame.get_center()
def get_location(self) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
return self.frame.get_implied_camera_location()
def resize_frame_shape(self, fixed_dimension: bool = False) -> None:
"""
Changes frame_shape to match the aspect ratio
of the pixels, where fixed_dimension determines
whether frame_height or frame_width
remains fixed while the other changes accordingly.
"""
pixel_height = self.get_pixel_height()
pixel_width = self.get_pixel_width()
frame_height = self.get_frame_height()
frame_width = self.get_frame_width()
aspect_ratio = fdiv(pixel_width, pixel_height)
if not fixed_dimension:
frame_height = frame_width / aspect_ratio
else:
frame_width = aspect_ratio * frame_height
self.frame.set_height(frame_height)
self.frame.set_width(frame_width)
# Rendering
def capture(self, *mobjects: Mobject, **kwargs) -> None:
self.refresh_perspective_uniforms()
for mobject in mobjects:
for render_group in self.get_render_group_list(mobject):
self.render(render_group)
def render(self, render_group: dict[str]) -> None:
shader_wrapper = render_group["shader_wrapper"]
shader_program = render_group["prog"]
self.set_shader_uniforms(shader_program, shader_wrapper)
self.set_ctx_depth_test(shader_wrapper.depth_test)
render_group["vao"].render(int(shader_wrapper.render_primitive))
if render_group["single_use"]:
self.release_render_group(render_group)
def get_render_group_list(self, mobject: Mobject) -> Iterable[dict[str]]:
if mobject.is_changing():
return self.generate_render_group_list(mobject)
# Otherwise, cache result for later use
key = id(mobject)
if key not in self.mob_to_render_groups:
self.mob_to_render_groups[key] = list(
self.generate_render_group_list(mobject))
return self.mob_to_render_groups[key]
def generate_render_group_list(self,
mobject: Mobject) -> Iterable[dict[str]]:
return (self.get_render_group(sw, single_use=mobject.is_changing())
for sw in mobject.get_shader_wrapper_list())
def get_render_group(self,
shader_wrapper: ShaderWrapper,
single_use: bool = True) -> dict[str]:
# Data buffers
vbo = self.ctx.buffer(shader_wrapper.vert_data.tobytes())
if shader_wrapper.vert_indices is None:
ibo = None
else:
vert_index_data = shader_wrapper.vert_indices.astype(
'i4').tobytes()
if vert_index_data:
ibo = self.ctx.buffer(vert_index_data)
else:
ibo = None
# Program and vertex array
shader_program, vert_format = self.get_shader_program(shader_wrapper)
vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(
program=shader_program,
content=[(vbo, vert_format, *shader_wrapper.vert_attributes)],
index_buffer=ibo,
)
return {
"vbo": vbo,
"ibo": ibo,
"vao": vao,
"prog": shader_program,
"shader_wrapper": shader_wrapper,
"single_use": single_use,
}
def release_render_group(self, render_group: dict[str]) -> None:
for key in ["vbo", "ibo", "vao"]:
if render_group[key] is not None:
render_group[key].release()
def refresh_static_mobjects(self) -> None:
for render_group in it.chain(*self.mob_to_render_groups.values()):
self.release_render_group(render_group)
self.mob_to_render_groups = {}
# Shaders
def init_shaders(self) -> None:
# Initialize with the null id going to None
self.id_to_shader_program: dict[int | str, tuple[moderngl.Program, str]
| None] = {
"": None
}
def get_shader_program(
self,
shader_wrapper: ShaderWrapper) -> tuple[moderngl.Program, str]:
sid = shader_wrapper.get_program_id()
if sid not in self.id_to_shader_program:
# Create shader program for the first time, then cache
# in the id_to_shader_program dictionary
program = self.ctx.program(**shader_wrapper.get_program_code())
vert_format = moderngl.detect_format(
program, shader_wrapper.vert_attributes)
self.id_to_shader_program[sid] = (program, vert_format)
return self.id_to_shader_program[sid]
def set_shader_uniforms(self, shader: moderngl.Program,
shader_wrapper: ShaderWrapper) -> None:
for name, path in shader_wrapper.texture_paths.items():
tid = self.get_texture_id(path)
shader[name].value = tid
for name, value in it.chain(self.perspective_uniforms.items(),
shader_wrapper.uniforms.items()):
try:
if isinstance(value, np.ndarray) and value.ndim > 0:
value = tuple(value)
shader[name].value = value
except KeyError:
pass
def refresh_perspective_uniforms(self) -> None:
frame = self.frame
pw, ph = self.get_pixel_shape()
fw, fh = frame.get_shape()
# TODO, this should probably be a mobject uniform, with
# the camera taking care of the conversion factor
anti_alias_width = self.anti_alias_width / (ph / fh)
# Orient light
rotation = frame.get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix()
offset = frame.get_center()
light_pos = np.dot(rotation, self.light_source.get_location() + offset)
cam_pos = self.frame.get_implied_camera_location() # TODO
self.perspective_uniforms = {
"frame_shape": frame.get_shape(),
"anti_alias_width": anti_alias_width,
"camera_offset": tuple(offset),
"camera_rotation": tuple(np.array(rotation).T.flatten()),
"camera_position": tuple(cam_pos),
"light_source_position": tuple(light_pos),
"focal_distance": frame.get_focal_distance(),
}
def init_textures(self) -> None:
self.n_textures: int = 0
self.path_to_texture: dict[str, tuple[int, moderngl.Texture]] = {}
def get_texture_id(self, path: str) -> int:
if path not in self.path_to_texture:
if self.n_textures == 15: # I have no clue why this is needed
self.n_textures += 1
tid = self.n_textures
self.n_textures += 1
im = Image.open(path).convert("RGBA")
texture = self.ctx.texture(
size=im.size,
components=len(im.getbands()),
data=im.tobytes(),
)
texture.use(location=tid)
self.path_to_texture[path] = (tid, texture)
return self.path_to_texture[path][0]
def release_texture(self, path: str):
tid_and_texture = self.path_to_texture.pop(path, None)
if tid_and_texture:
tid_and_texture[1].release()
return self
class Scene(object):
CONFIG = {
"window_config": {},
"camera_class": Camera,
"camera_config": {},
"file_writer_config": {},
"skip_animations": False,
"always_update_mobjects": False,
"random_seed": 0,
"start_at_animation_number": None,
"end_at_animation_number": None,
"leave_progress_bars": False,
"preview": True,
"presenter_mode": False,
"show_animation_progress": False,
"pan_sensitivity": 3,
"max_num_saved_states": 50,
}
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
digest_config(self, kwargs)
if self.preview:
from manimlib.window import Window
self.window = Window(scene=self, **self.window_config)
self.camera_config["ctx"] = self.window.ctx
self.camera_config["fps"] = 30 # Where's that 30 from?
self.undo_stack = []
self.redo_stack = []
else:
self.window = None
self.camera: Camera = self.camera_class(**self.camera_config)
self.file_writer = SceneFileWriter(self, **self.file_writer_config)
self.mobjects: list[Mobject] = [self.camera.frame]
self.id_to_mobject_map: dict[int, Mobject] = dict()
self.num_plays: int = 0
self.time: float = 0
self.skip_time: float = 0
self.original_skipping_status: bool = self.skip_animations
self.checkpoint_states: dict[str, list[tuple[Mobject,
Mobject]]] = dict()
if self.start_at_animation_number is not None:
self.skip_animations = True
if self.file_writer.has_progress_display:
self.show_animation_progress = False
# Items associated with interaction
self.mouse_point = Point()
self.mouse_drag_point = Point()
self.hold_on_wait = self.presenter_mode
self.inside_embed = False
self.quit_interaction = False
# Much nicer to work with deterministic scenes
if self.random_seed is not None:
random.seed(self.random_seed)
np.random.seed(self.random_seed)
def __str__(self) -> str:
return self.__class__.__name__
def run(self) -> None:
self.virtual_animation_start_time: float = 0
self.real_animation_start_time: float = time.time()
self.file_writer.begin()
self.setup()
try:
self.construct()
self.interact()
except EndScene:
pass
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# Get rid keyboard interupt symbols
print("", end="\r")
self.file_writer.ended_with_interrupt = True
self.tear_down()
def setup(self) -> None:
"""
This is meant to be implement by any scenes which
are comonly subclassed, and have some common setup
involved before the construct method is called.
"""
pass
def construct(self) -> None:
# Where all the animation happens
# To be implemented in subclasses
pass
def tear_down(self) -> None:
self.stop_skipping()
self.file_writer.finish()
if self.window:
self.window.destroy()
self.window = None
def interact(self) -> None:
# If there is a window, enter a loop
# which updates the frame while under
# the hood calling the pyglet event loop
if self.window is None:
return
log.info(
"Tips: You are now in the interactive mode. Now you can use the keyboard"
" and the mouse to interact with the scene. Just press `command + q` or `esc`"
" if you want to quit.")
self.skip_animations = False
self.refresh_static_mobjects()
while not self.is_window_closing():
self.update_frame(1 / self.camera.fps)
def embed(self, close_scene_on_exit: bool = True) -> None:
if not self.preview:
return # Embed is only relevant with a preview
self.inside_embed = True
self.stop_skipping()
self.update_frame()
self.save_state()
# Configure and launch embedded IPython terminal
from IPython.terminal import embed, pt_inputhooks
shell = embed.InteractiveShellEmbed.instance()
# Use the locals namespace of the caller
local_ns = inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_locals
# Add a few custom shortcuts
local_ns.update({
name: getattr(self, name)
for name in [
"play", "wait", "add", "remove", "clear", "save_state", "undo",
"redo", "i2g", "i2m"
]
})
# This is useful if one wants to re-run a block of scene
# code, while developing, tweaking it each time.
# As long as the copied selection starts with a comment,
# this will revert to the state of the scene at the first
# point of running.
def checkpoint_paste(skip=False, show_progress=True):
pasted = pyperclip.paste()
line0 = pasted.lstrip().split("\n")[0]
if line0.startswith("#"):
if line0 not in self.checkpoint_states:
self.checkpoint(line0)
else:
self.revert_to_checkpoint(line0)
self.update_frame(dt=0)
if skip:
originally_skip = self.skip_animations
self.skip_animations = True
if show_progress:
originally_show_animation_progress = self.show_animation_progress
self.show_animation_progress = True
shell.run_line_magic("paste", "")
if skip:
self.skip_animations = originally_skip
if show_progress:
self.show_animation_progress = originally_show_animation_progress
local_ns['checkpoint_paste'] = checkpoint_paste
# Enables gui interactions during the embed
def inputhook(context):
while not context.input_is_ready():
if not self.is_window_closing():
self.update_frame(dt=0)
if self.is_window_closing():
shell.ask_exit()
pt_inputhooks.register("manim", inputhook)
shell.enable_gui("manim")
# This is hacky, but there's an issue with ipython which is that
# when you define lambda's or list comprehensions during a shell session,
# they are not aware of local variables in the surrounding scope. Because
# That comes up a fair bit during scene construction, to get around this,
# we (admittedly sketchily) update the global namespace to match the local
# namespace, since this is just a shell session anyway.
shell.events.register(
"pre_run_cell", lambda: shell.user_global_ns.update(shell.user_ns))
# Operation to run after each ipython command
def post_cell_func():
self.refresh_static_mobjects()
if not self.is_window_closing():
self.update_frame(dt=0, ignore_skipping=True)
self.save_state()
shell.events.register("post_run_cell", post_cell_func)
shell(local_ns=local_ns, stack_depth=2)
# End scene when exiting an embed
if close_scene_on_exit:
raise EndScene()
# Only these methods should touch the camera
def get_image(self) -> Image:
return self.camera.get_image()
def show(self) -> None:
self.update_frame(ignore_skipping=True)
self.get_image().show()
def update_frame(self,
dt: float = 0,
ignore_skipping: bool = False) -> None:
self.increment_time(dt)
self.update_mobjects(dt)
if self.skip_animations and not ignore_skipping:
return
if self.is_window_closing():
raise EndScene()
if self.window:
self.window.clear()
self.camera.clear()
self.camera.capture(*self.mobjects)
if self.window:
self.window.swap_buffers()
vt = self.time - self.virtual_animation_start_time
rt = time.time() - self.real_animation_start_time
if rt < vt:
self.update_frame(0)
def emit_frame(self) -> None:
if not self.skip_animations:
self.file_writer.write_frame(self.camera)
# Related to updating
def update_mobjects(self, dt: float) -> None:
for mobject in self.mobjects:
mobject.update(dt)
def should_update_mobjects(self) -> bool:
return self.always_update_mobjects or any(
[len(mob.get_family_updaters()) > 0 for mob in self.mobjects])
def has_time_based_updaters(self) -> bool:
return any([
sm.has_time_based_updater() for mob in self.mobjects()
for sm in mob.get_family()
])
# Related to time
def get_time(self) -> float:
return self.time
def increment_time(self, dt: float) -> None:
self.time += dt
# Related to internal mobject organization
def get_top_level_mobjects(self) -> list[Mobject]:
# Return only those which are not in the family
# of another mobject from the scene
mobjects = self.get_mobjects()
families = [m.get_family() for m in mobjects]
def is_top_level(mobject):
num_families = sum([(mobject in family) for family in families])
return num_families == 1
return list(filter(is_top_level, mobjects))
def get_mobject_family_members(self) -> list[Mobject]:
return extract_mobject_family_members(self.mobjects)
def add(self, *new_mobjects: Mobject):
"""
Mobjects will be displayed, from background to
foreground in the order with which they are added.
"""
self.remove(*new_mobjects)
self.mobjects += new_mobjects
self.id_to_mobject_map.update(
{id(sm): sm
for m in new_mobjects for sm in m.get_family()})
return self
def add_mobjects_among(self, values: Iterable):
"""
This is meant mostly for quick prototyping,
e.g. to add all mobjects defined up to a point,
call self.add_mobjects_among(locals().values())
"""
self.add(*filter(lambda m: isinstance(m, Mobject), values))
return self
def replace(self, mobject: Mobject, *replacements: Mobject):
if mobject in self.mobjects:
index = self.mobjects.index(mobject)
self.mobjects = [
*self.mobjects[:index], *replacements,
*self.mobjects[index + 1:]
]
return self
def remove(self, *mobjects: Mobject):
"""
Removes anything in mobjects from scenes mobject list, but in the event that one
of the items to be removed is a member of the family of an item in mobject_list,
the other family members are added back into the list.
For example, if the scene includes Group(m1, m2, m3), and we call scene.remove(m1),
the desired behavior is for the scene to then include m2 and m3 (ungrouped).
"""
for mob in mobjects:
# First restructure self.mobjects so that parents/grandparents/etc. are replaced
# with their children, likewise for all ancestors in the extended family.
for ancestor in mob.get_ancestors(extended=True):
self.replace(ancestor, *ancestor.submobjects)
self.mobjects = list_difference_update(self.mobjects,
mob.get_family())
return self
def bring_to_front(self, *mobjects: Mobject):
self.add(*mobjects)
return self
def bring_to_back(self, *mobjects: Mobject):
self.remove(*mobjects)
self.mobjects = list(mobjects) + self.mobjects
return self
def clear(self):
self.mobjects = []
return self
def get_mobjects(self) -> list[Mobject]:
return list(self.mobjects)
def get_mobject_copies(self) -> list[Mobject]:
return [m.copy() for m in self.mobjects]
def point_to_mobject(self,
point: np.ndarray,
search_set: Iterable[Mobject] | None = None,
buff: float = 0) -> Mobject | None:
"""
E.g. if clicking on the scene, this returns the top layer mobject
under a given point
"""
if search_set is None:
search_set = self.mobjects
for mobject in reversed(search_set):
if mobject.is_point_touching(point, buff=buff):
return mobject
return None
def get_group(self, *mobjects):
if all(isinstance(m, VMobject) for m in mobjects):
return VGroup(*mobjects)
else:
return Group(*mobjects)
def id_to_mobject(self, id_value):
return self.id_to_mobject_map[id_value]
def ids_to_group(self, *id_values):
return self.get_group(*filter(lambda x: x is not None,
map(self.id_to_mobject, id_values)))
def i2g(self, *id_values):
return self.ids_to_group(*id_values)
def i2m(self, id_value):
return self.id_to_mobject(id_value)
# Related to skipping
def update_skipping_status(self) -> None:
if self.start_at_animation_number is not None:
if self.num_plays == self.start_at_animation_number:
self.skip_time = self.time
if not self.original_skipping_status:
self.stop_skipping()
if self.end_at_animation_number is not None:
if self.num_plays >= self.end_at_animation_number:
raise EndScene()
def stop_skipping(self) -> None:
self.virtual_animation_start_time = self.time
self.skip_animations = False
# Methods associated with running animations
def get_time_progression(
self,
run_time: float,
n_iterations: int | None = None,
desc: str = "",
override_skip_animations: bool = False
) -> list[float] | np.ndarray | ProgressDisplay:
if self.skip_animations and not override_skip_animations:
return [run_time]
times = np.arange(0, run_time, 1 / self.camera.fps)
if self.file_writer.has_progress_display:
self.file_writer.set_progress_display_subdescription(desc)
if self.show_animation_progress:
return ProgressDisplay(
times,
total=n_iterations,
leave=self.leave_progress_bars,
ascii=True if platform.system() == 'Windows' else None,
desc=desc,
)
else:
return times
def get_run_time(self, animations: Iterable[Animation]) -> float:
return np.max([animation.get_run_time() for animation in animations])
def get_animation_time_progression(
self, animations: Iterable[Animation]
) -> list[float] | np.ndarray | ProgressDisplay:
run_time = self.get_run_time(animations)
description = f"{self.num_plays} {animations[0]}"
if len(animations) > 1:
description += ", etc."
time_progression = self.get_time_progression(run_time,
desc=description)
return time_progression
def get_wait_time_progression(
self,
duration: float,
stop_condition: Callable[[], bool] | None = None
) -> list[float] | np.ndarray | ProgressDisplay:
kw = {"desc": f"{self.num_plays} Waiting"}
if stop_condition is not None:
kw["n_iterations"] = -1 # So it doesn't show % progress
kw["override_skip_animations"] = True
return self.get_time_progression(duration, **kw)
def prepare_animations(
self,
proto_animations: list[Animation | _AnimationBuilder],
animation_config: dict,
):
animations = list(map(prepare_animation, proto_animations))
for anim in animations:
# This is where kwargs to play like run_time and rate_func
# get applied to all animations
anim.update_config(**animation_config)
return animations
def handle_play_like_call(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self.inside_embed:
self.save_state()
if self.presenter_mode and self.num_plays == 0:
self.hold_loop()
self.update_skipping_status()
should_write = not self.skip_animations
if should_write:
self.file_writer.begin_animation()
if self.window:
self.real_animation_start_time = time.time()
self.virtual_animation_start_time = self.time
self.refresh_static_mobjects()
func(self, *args, **kwargs)
if should_write:
self.file_writer.end_animation()
if self.inside_embed:
self.save_state()
if self.skip_animations and self.window is not None:
# Show some quick frames along the way
self.update_frame(dt=0, ignore_skipping=True)
self.num_plays += 1
return wrapper
def refresh_static_mobjects(self) -> None:
self.camera.refresh_static_mobjects()
def begin_animations(self, animations: Iterable[Animation]) -> None:
for animation in animations:
animation.begin()
# Anything animated that's not already in the
# scene gets added to the scene. Note, for
# animated mobjects that are in the family of
# those on screen, this can result in a restructuring
# of the scene.mobjects list, which is usually desired.
if animation.mobject not in self.mobjects:
self.add(animation.mobject)
def progress_through_animations(self,
animations: Iterable[Animation]) -> None:
last_t = 0
for t in self.get_animation_time_progression(animations):
dt = t - last_t
last_t = t
for animation in animations:
animation.update_mobjects(dt)
alpha = t / animation.run_time
animation.interpolate(alpha)
self.update_frame(dt)
self.emit_frame()
def finish_animations(self, animations: Iterable[Animation]) -> None:
for animation in animations:
animation.finish()
animation.clean_up_from_scene(self)
if self.skip_animations:
self.update_mobjects(self.get_run_time(animations))
else:
self.update_mobjects(0)
@handle_play_like_call
def play(self, *proto_animations, **animation_config) -> None:
if len(proto_animations) == 0:
log.warning("Called Scene.play with no animations")
return
animations = self.prepare_animations(proto_animations,
animation_config)
self.begin_animations(animations)
self.progress_through_animations(animations)
self.finish_animations(animations)
@handle_play_like_call
def wait(self,
duration: float = DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME,
stop_condition: Callable[[], bool] = None,
note: str = None,
ignore_presenter_mode: bool = False):
self.update_mobjects(dt=0) # Any problems with this?
if self.presenter_mode and not self.skip_animations and not ignore_presenter_mode:
if note:
log.info(note)
self.hold_loop()
else:
time_progression = self.get_wait_time_progression(
duration, stop_condition)
last_t = 0
for t in time_progression:
dt = t - last_t
last_t = t
self.update_frame(dt)
self.emit_frame()
if stop_condition is not None and stop_condition():
break
self.refresh_static_mobjects()
return self
def hold_loop(self):
while self.hold_on_wait:
self.update_frame(dt=1 / self.camera.fps)
self.hold_on_wait = True
def wait_until(self,
stop_condition: Callable[[], bool],
max_time: float = 60):
self.wait(max_time, stop_condition=stop_condition)
def force_skipping(self):
self.original_skipping_status = self.skip_animations
self.skip_animations = True
return self
def revert_to_original_skipping_status(self):
if hasattr(self, "original_skipping_status"):
self.skip_animations = self.original_skipping_status
return self
def add_sound(self,
sound_file: str,
time_offset: float = 0,
gain: float | None = None,
gain_to_background: float | None = None):
if self.skip_animations:
return
time = self.get_time() + time_offset
self.file_writer.add_sound(sound_file, time, gain, gain_to_background)
# Helpers for interactive development
def get_state(self) -> SceneState:
return SceneState(self)
def restore_state(self, scene_state: SceneState):
scene_state.restore_scene(self)
def save_state(self) -> None:
if not self.preview:
return
state = self.get_state()
if self.undo_stack and state.mobjects_match(self.undo_stack[-1]):
return
self.redo_stack = []
self.undo_stack.append(state)
if len(self.undo_stack) > self.max_num_saved_states:
self.undo_stack.pop(0)
def undo(self):
if self.undo_stack:
self.redo_stack.append(self.get_state())
self.restore_state(self.undo_stack.pop())
self.refresh_static_mobjects()
def redo(self):
if self.redo_stack:
self.undo_stack.append(self.get_state())
self.restore_state(self.redo_stack.pop())
self.refresh_static_mobjects()
def checkpoint(self, key: str):
self.checkpoint_states[key] = self.get_state()
def revert_to_checkpoint(self, key: str):
if key not in self.checkpoint_states:
log.error(f"No checkpoint at {key}")
return
all_keys = list(self.checkpoint_states.keys())
index = all_keys.index(key)
for later_key in all_keys[index + 1:]:
self.checkpoint_states.pop(later_key)
self.restore_state(self.checkpoint_states[key])
def clear_checkpoints(self):
self.checkpoint_states = dict()
def save_mobject_to_file(self,
mobject: Mobject,
file_path: str | None = None) -> None:
if file_path is None:
file_path = self.file_writer.get_saved_mobject_path(mobject)
if file_path is None:
return
mobject.save_to_file(file_path)
def load_mobject(self, file_name):
if os.path.exists(file_name):
path = file_name
else:
directory = self.file_writer.get_saved_mobject_directory()
path = os.path.join(directory, file_name)
return Mobject.load(path)
def is_window_closing(self):
return self.window and (self.window.is_closing
or self.quit_interaction)
# Event handling
def on_mouse_motion(self, point: np.ndarray, d_point: np.ndarray) -> None:
self.mouse_point.move_to(point)
event_data = {"point": point, "d_point": d_point}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MouseMotionEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
frame = self.camera.frame
# Handle perspective changes
if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord(PAN_3D_KEY)):
frame.increment_theta(-self.pan_sensitivity * d_point[0])
frame.increment_phi(self.pan_sensitivity * d_point[1])
# Handle frame movements
elif self.window.is_key_pressed(ord(FRAME_SHIFT_KEY)):
shift = -d_point
shift[0] *= frame.get_width() / 2
shift[1] *= frame.get_height() / 2
transform = frame.get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix()
shift = np.dot(np.transpose(transform), shift)
frame.shift(shift)
def on_mouse_drag(self, point: np.ndarray, d_point: np.ndarray,
buttons: int, modifiers: int) -> None:
self.mouse_drag_point.move_to(point)
event_data = {
"point": point,
"d_point": d_point,
"buttons": buttons,
"modifiers": modifiers
}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MouseDragEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_mouse_press(self, point: np.ndarray, button: int,
mods: int) -> None:
self.mouse_drag_point.move_to(point)
event_data = {"point": point, "button": button, "mods": mods}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MousePressEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_mouse_release(self, point: np.ndarray, button: int,
mods: int) -> None:
event_data = {"point": point, "button": button, "mods": mods}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(
EventType.MouseReleaseEvent, **event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_mouse_scroll(self, point: np.ndarray, offset: np.ndarray) -> None:
event_data = {"point": point, "offset": offset}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MouseScrollEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
frame = self.camera.frame
if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord(ZOOM_KEY)):
factor = 1 + np.arctan(10 * offset[1])
frame.scale(1 / factor, about_point=point)
else:
transform = frame.get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix()
shift = np.dot(np.transpose(transform), offset)
frame.shift(-20.0 * shift)
def on_key_release(self, symbol: int, modifiers: int) -> None:
event_data = {"symbol": symbol, "modifiers": modifiers}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.KeyReleaseEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
def on_key_press(self, symbol: int, modifiers: int) -> None:
try:
char = chr(symbol)
except OverflowError:
log.warning("The value of the pressed key is too large.")
return
event_data = {"symbol": symbol, "modifiers": modifiers}
propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.KeyPressEvent,
**event_data)
if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
return
if char == RESET_FRAME_KEY:
self.camera.frame.to_default_state()
elif char == "z" and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER:
self.undo()
elif char == "z" and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER | SHIFT_MODIFIER:
self.redo()
# command + q
elif char == QUIT_KEY and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER:
self.quit_interaction = True
# Space or right arrow
elif char == " " or symbol == ARROW_SYMBOLS[2]:
self.hold_on_wait = False
def on_resize(self, width: int, height: int) -> None:
self.camera.reset_pixel_shape(width, height)
def on_show(self) -> None:
pass
def on_hide(self) -> None:
pass
def on_close(self) -> None:
pass
class Scene(Container):
CONFIG = {
"window_config": {},
"camera_class": Camera,
"camera_config": {},
"file_writer_config": {},
"skip_animations": False,
"always_update_mobjects": False,
"random_seed": 0,
"start_at_animation_number": None,
"end_at_animation_number": None,
"leave_progress_bars": False,
"preview": True,
"linger_after_completion": True,
}
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
Container.__init__(self, **kwargs)
if self.preview:
self.window = Window(self, **self.window_config)
self.camera_config["ctx"] = self.window.ctx
self.virtual_animation_start_time = 0
self.real_animation_start_time = time.time()
else:
self.window = None
self.camera = self.camera_class(**self.camera_config)
self.file_writer = SceneFileWriter(self, **self.file_writer_config)
self.mobjects = []
self.num_plays = 0
self.time = 0
self.skip_time = 0
self.original_skipping_status = self.skip_animations
self.time_of_last_frame = time.time()
# Items associated with interaction
self.mouse_point = Point()
self.mouse_drag_point = Point()
self.zoom_on_scroll = False
self.quit_interaction = False
# Much nice to work with deterministic scenes
if self.random_seed is not None:
random.seed(self.random_seed)
np.random.seed(self.random_seed)
def run(self):
self.setup()
try:
self.construct()
except EndSceneEarlyException:
pass
self.tear_down()
def setup(self):
"""
This is meant to be implement by any scenes which
are comonly subclassed, and have some common setup
involved before the construct method is called.
"""
pass
def construct(self):
# Where all the animation happens
# To be implemented in subclasses
pass
def tear_down(self):
self.stop_skipping()
self.file_writer.finish()
if self.window and self.linger_after_completion:
self.interact()
def interact(self):
# If there is a window, enter a loop
# which updates the frame while under
# the hood calling the pyglet event loop
self.quit_interaction = False
while not self.window.is_closing and not self.quit_interaction:
self.update_frame()
if self.window.is_closing:
self.window.destroy()
def embed(self):
if not self.preview:
# If the scene is just being
# written, ignore embed calls
return
self.stop_skipping()
self.linger_after_completion = False
self.update_frame()
shell = InteractiveShellEmbed()
# Have the frame update after each command
shell.events.register('post_run_cell',
lambda *a, **kw: self.update_frame())
# Stack depth of 2 means the shell will use
# the namespace of the caller, not this method
shell(stack_depth=2)
def __str__(self):
return self.__class__.__name__
# Only these methods should touch the camera
def get_image(self):
return self.camera.get_image()
def update_frame(self, dt=0, ignore_skipping=False):
self.increment_time(dt)
self.update_mobjects(dt)
if self.skip_animations and not ignore_skipping:
return
if self.window:
self.window.clear()
self.camera.clear()
self.camera.capture(*self.mobjects)
if self.window:
self.window.swap_buffers()
# win_time, win_dt = self.window.timer.next_frame()
# while (self.time - self.skip_time - win_time) > 0:
vt = self.time - self.virtual_animation_start_time
rt = time.time() - self.real_animation_start_time
if rt < vt:
self.update_frame(0)
def emit_frame(self):
if not self.skip_animations:
self.file_writer.write_frame(self.camera)
###
def update_mobjects(self, dt):
for mobject in self.mobjects:
mobject.update(dt)
def should_update_mobjects(self):
return self.always_update_mobjects or any(
[len(mob.get_family_updaters()) > 0 for mob in self.mobjects])
###
def get_time(self):
return self.time
def increment_time(self, dt):
self.time += dt
###
def get_top_level_mobjects(self):
# Return only those which are not in the family
# of another mobject from the scene
mobjects = self.get_mobjects()
families = [m.get_family() for m in mobjects]
def is_top_level(mobject):
num_families = sum([(mobject in family) for family in families])
return num_families == 1
return list(filter(is_top_level, mobjects))
def get_mobject_family_members(self):
return extract_mobject_family_members(self.mobjects)
def add(self, *new_mobjects):
"""
Mobjects will be displayed, from background to
foreground in the order with which they are added.
"""
self.remove(*new_mobjects)
self.mobjects += new_mobjects
return self
def add_mobjects_among(self, values):
"""
This is meant mostly for quick prototyping,
e.g. to add all mobjects defined up to a point,
call self.add_mobjects_among(locals().values())
"""
self.add(*filter(lambda m: isinstance(m, Mobject), values))
return self
def remove(self, *mobjects_to_remove):
self.mobjects = restructure_list_to_exclude_certain_family_members(
self.mobjects, mobjects_to_remove)
return self
def bring_to_front(self, *mobjects):
self.add(*mobjects)
return self
def bring_to_back(self, *mobjects):
self.remove(*mobjects)
self.mobjects = list(mobjects) + self.mobjects
return self
def clear(self):
self.mobjects = []
return self
def get_mobjects(self):
return list(self.mobjects)
def get_mobject_copies(self):
return [m.copy() for m in self.mobjects]
def get_time_progression(self,
run_time,
n_iterations=None,
override_skip_animations=False):
if self.skip_animations and not override_skip_animations:
times = [run_time]
else:
step = 1 / self.camera.frame_rate
times = np.arange(0, run_time, step)
time_progression = ProgressDisplay(
times,
total=n_iterations,
leave=self.leave_progress_bars,
ascii=False if platform.system() != 'Windows' else True)
return time_progression
def get_run_time(self, animations):
return np.max([animation.run_time for animation in animations])
def get_animation_time_progression(self, animations):
run_time = self.get_run_time(animations)
time_progression = self.get_time_progression(run_time)
time_progression.set_description("".join([
f"Animation {self.num_plays}: {animations[0]}",
", etc." if len(animations) > 1 else "",
]))
return time_progression
def anims_from_play_args(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Each arg can either be an animation, or a mobject method
followed by that methods arguments (and potentially follow
by a dict of kwargs for that method).
This animation list is built by going through the args list,
and each animation is simply added, but when a mobject method
s hit, a MoveToTarget animation is built using the args that
follow up until either another animation is hit, another method
is hit, or the args list runs out.
"""
animations = []
state = {
"curr_method": None,
"last_method": None,
"method_args": [],
}
def compile_method(state):
if state["curr_method"] is None:
return
mobject = state["curr_method"].__self__
if state["last_method"] and state[
"last_method"].__self__ is mobject:
animations.pop()
# method should already have target then.
else:
mobject.generate_target()
#
if len(state["method_args"]) > 0 and isinstance(
state["method_args"][-1], dict):
method_kwargs = state["method_args"].pop()
else:
method_kwargs = {}
state["curr_method"].__func__(mobject.target,
*state["method_args"],
**method_kwargs)
animations.append(MoveToTarget(mobject))
state["last_method"] = state["curr_method"]
state["curr_method"] = None
state["method_args"] = []
for arg in args:
if isinstance(arg, Animation):
compile_method(state)
animations.append(arg)
elif inspect.ismethod(arg):
compile_method(state)
state["curr_method"] = arg
elif state["curr_method"] is not None:
state["method_args"].append(arg)
elif isinstance(arg, Mobject):
raise Exception("""
I think you may have invoked a method
you meant to pass in as a Scene.play argument
""")
else:
raise Exception("Invalid play arguments")
compile_method(state)
for animation in animations:
# This is where kwargs to play like run_time and rate_func
# get applied to all animations
animation.update_config(**kwargs)
return animations
def update_skipping_status(self):
if self.start_at_animation_number is not None:
if self.num_plays == self.start_at_animation_number:
self.stop_skipping()
if self.end_at_animation_number is not None:
if self.num_plays >= self.end_at_animation_number:
raise EndSceneEarlyException()
def stop_skipping(self):
if self.skip_animations:
self.skip_animations = False
self.skip_time += self.time
# Methods associated with running animations
def handle_play_like_call(func):
def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.update_skipping_status()
should_write = not self.skip_animations
if should_write:
self.file_writer.begin_animation()
if self.window:
self.real_animation_start_time = time.time()
self.virtual_animation_start_time = self.time
func(self, *args, **kwargs)
if should_write:
self.file_writer.end_animation()
self.num_plays += 1
return wrapper
def lock_static_mobject_data(self, *animations):
movers = list(
it.chain(*[anim.mobject.get_family() for anim in animations]))
for mobject in self.mobjects:
if mobject in movers:
continue
if mobject.get_family_updaters():
continue
mobject.lock_shader_data()
def unlock_mobject_data(self):
for mobject in self.mobjects:
mobject.unlock_shader_data()
def begin_animations(self, animations):
for animation in animations:
animation.begin()
# Anything animated that's not already in the
# scene gets added to the scene. Note, for
# animated mobjects that are in the family of
# those on screen, this can result in a restructuring
# of the scene.mobjects list, which is usually desired.
mob = animation.mobject
if mob not in self.mobjects:
self.add(mob)
def progress_through_animations(self, animations):
last_t = 0
for t in self.get_animation_time_progression(animations):
dt = t - last_t
last_t = t
for animation in animations:
animation.update_mobjects(dt)
alpha = t / animation.run_time
animation.interpolate(alpha)
self.update_frame(dt)
self.emit_frame()
def finish_animations(self, animations):
for animation in animations:
animation.finish()
animation.clean_up_from_scene(self)
self.mobjects_from_last_animation = [
anim.mobject for anim in animations
]
if self.skip_animations:
self.update_mobjects(self.get_run_time(animations))
else:
self.update_mobjects(0)
@handle_play_like_call
def play(self, *args, **kwargs):
if len(args) == 0:
warnings.warn("Called Scene.play with no animations")
return
animations = self.anims_from_play_args(*args, **kwargs)
self.lock_static_mobject_data(*animations)
self.begin_animations(animations)
self.progress_through_animations(animations)
self.finish_animations(animations)
self.unlock_mobject_data()
def clean_up_animations(self, *animations):
for animation in animations:
animation.clean_up_from_scene(self)
return self
def get_mobjects_from_last_animation(self):
if hasattr(self, "mobjects_from_last_animation"):
return self.mobjects_from_last_animation
return []
def get_wait_time_progression(self, duration, stop_condition):
if stop_condition is not None:
time_progression = self.get_time_progression(
duration,
n_iterations=-1, # So it doesn't show % progress
override_skip_animations=True)
time_progression.set_description("Waiting for {}".format(
stop_condition.__name__))
else:
time_progression = self.get_time_progression(duration)
time_progression.set_description("Waiting {}".format(
self.num_plays))
return time_progression
@handle_play_like_call
def wait(self, duration=DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME, stop_condition=None):
self.update_mobjects(dt=0) # Any problems with this?
if self.should_update_mobjects():
self.lock_static_mobject_data()
time_progression = self.get_wait_time_progression(
duration, stop_condition)
last_t = 0
for t in time_progression:
dt = t - last_t
last_t = t
self.update_frame(dt)
self.emit_frame()
if stop_condition is not None and stop_condition():
time_progression.close()
break
self.unlock_mobject_data()
elif self.skip_animations:
# Do nothing
return self
else:
self.update_frame(duration)
n_frames = int(duration * self.camera.frame_rate)
for n in range(n_frames):
self.emit_frame()
return self
def wait_until(self, stop_condition, max_time=60):
self.wait(max_time, stop_condition=stop_condition)
def force_skipping(self):
self.original_skipping_status = self.skip_animations
self.skip_animations = True
return self
def revert_to_original_skipping_status(self):
if hasattr(self, "original_skipping_status"):
self.skip_animations = self.original_skipping_status
return self
def add_sound(self, sound_file, time_offset=0, gain=None, **kwargs):
if self.skip_animations:
return
time = self.get_time() + time_offset
self.file_writer.add_sound(sound_file, time, gain, **kwargs)
def show(self):
self.update_frame(ignore_skipping=True)
self.get_image().show()
# Helpers for interactive development
def save_state(self):
self.saved_state = {
"mobjects": self.mobjects,
"mobject_states": [mob.copy() for mob in self.mobjects],
}
def restore(self):
if not hasattr(self, "saved_state"):
raise Exception("Trying to restore scene without having saved")
mobjects = self.saved_state["mobjects"]
states = self.saved_state["mobject_states"]
for mob, state in zip(mobjects, states):
mob.become(state)
self.mobjects = mobjects
# Event handling
def on_mouse_motion(self, point, d_point):
self.mouse_point.move_to(point)
def on_mouse_drag(self, point, d_point, buttons, modifiers):
self.mouse_drag_point.move_to(point)
def on_mouse_press(self, point, button, mods):
pass
def on_mouse_release(self, point, button, mods):
pass
def on_mouse_scroll(self, point, offset):
frame = self.camera.frame
if self.zoom_on_scroll:
factor = 1 + np.arctan(10 * offset[1])
frame.scale(factor, about_point=point)
else:
frame.shift(-30 * offset)
def on_key_release(self, symbol, modifiers):
if chr(symbol) == "z":
self.zoom_on_scroll = False
def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):
if chr(symbol) == "r":
self.camera.frame.restore()
elif chr(symbol) == "z":
self.zoom_on_scroll = True
elif chr(symbol) == "q":
self.quit_interaction = True
def on_resize(self, width: int, height: int):
self.camera.reset_pixel_shape(width, height)
def on_show(self):
pass
def on_hide(self):
pass
def on_close(self):
pass
