def make_world():
world = []
ground = Lambertian(Color(0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
world.append(Sphere(Point3(0, -1000, 0), 1000, ground))
num_balls = 2
for x in range(-num_balls, num_balls):
for y in range(-num_balls, num_balls):
mat = random()
center = Point3(x + 0.9 * random(), 0.2, y + 0.9 * random())
if (SubtractVectors(center, Point3(4, 0.2, 0)).length() > 0.9):
if mat < 0.8:
color = Color(random(), random(), random())
sphere_mat = Lambertian(color)
world.append(Sphere(center, 0.2, sphere_mat))
elif mat < 0.95:
color = Color(random(), random(), random())
fuzz = random() * 0.5
sphere_mat = Metal(color, fuzz)
world.append(Sphere(center, 0.2, sphere_mat))
else:
sphere_mat = Dialectric(1.5)
world.append(Sphere(center, 0.2, sphere_mat))
mat1 = Dialectric(1.5)
world.append(Sphere(Point3(0, 1, 0), 1.0, mat1))
mat2 = Lambertian(Color(0.4, 0.2, 0.1))
world.append(Sphere(Point3(-4, 1, 0), 1.0, mat2))
mat3 = Metal(Color(0.7, 0.6, 0.5), 0.0)
world.append(Sphere(Point3(4, 1, 0), 1.0, mat3))
return world
def random_scene():
l = []
l.append(Sphere(Vec3(0, -1000, -1), 1000, Lambertian(Vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5))))
for a in range(-11, 11):
for b in range(-11, 11):
choose_mat = random()
center = Vec3(a + 0.9 * random(), 0.2, b + 0.9 * random())
if (center - Vec3(4, 0.2, 0)).length() > 0.9:
if choose_mat < 0.8: #diffuse
l.append(
MovingSphere(
center, center + Vec3(0.0, 0.5 * random(), 0.0),
0.0, 1.0, 0.2,
Lambertian(
Vec3(random() * random(),
random() * random(),
random() * random()))))
elif choose_mat < 0.95: #metal
l.append(
Sphere(
center, 0.2,
Metal(
Vec3(0.5 * (1 + random()),
0.5 * (1 + random()),
0.5 * (1 + random())), 0.5 * random())))
else: #glass
l.append(Sphere(center, 0.2, Dielectric(1.5)))
l.append(Sphere(Vec3(0, 1, 0), 1.0, Dielectric(1.5)))
l.append(Sphere(Vec3(-4, 1, 0), 1.0, Lambertian(Vec3(0.4, 0.2, 0.1))))
l.append(Sphere(Vec3(4, 1, 0), 1.0, Metal(Vec3(0.7, 0.6, 0.5), 0.0)))
return HitableList(l)
def random_scene():
hitables = []
hitables.append(
Sphere(Vec3(0, -1000, 0), 1000, Lambertian(Vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5))))
for a in range(-11, 11):
for b in range(-11, 11):
choose_mat = random()
center = Vec3(a + 0.9 * random(), 0.2, b + 0.9 * random())
if (center - Vec3(4, 0.2, 0)).length > 0.9:
if choose_mat < 0.8:
hitables.append(
Sphere(
center, 0.2,
Lambertian(
Vec3(random() * random(),
random() * random(),
random() * random()))))
elif choose_mat < 0.95:
hitables.append(
Sphere(
center, 0.2,
Metal(
Vec3(0.5 * (1 + random()),
0.5 * (1 + random()),
0.5 * (1 + random())), 0.5 * random())))
else:
hitables.append(Sphere(center, 0.2, Dielectric(1.5)))
hitables.append(Sphere(Vec3(0, 1, 0), 1.0, Dielectric(1.5)))
hitables.append(
Sphere(Vec3(-4, 1, 0), 1.0, Lambertian(Vec3(0.4, 0.2, 0.1))))
hitables.append(Sphere(Vec3(4, 1, 0), 1.0, Metal(Vec3(0.7, 0.6, 0.5),
0.0)))
return HitableList(hitables)
def basic(self):
self.lookfrom = np.array([3.0, 3.0, 2.0])
self.lookat = np.array([0.0, 0.0, -1.0])
self.vup = np.array([0.0, 1.0, 0.0])
self.vfov = 20.0
# self.aperature = 2.0
# self.focus_dist = ru.length(self.lookfrom - self.lookat)
self.camera = Camera(self.img_width, self.img_height, self.lookfrom,
self.lookat, self.vup, self.vfov, self.aperature,
self.focus_dist)
mat_ground = Lambertian(np.array([0.8, 0.8, 0.0]))
mat_center = Lambertian(np.array([0.1, 0.2, 0.5]))
mat_left = Dielectric(1.5)
mat_right = Metal(np.array([0.8, 0.6, 0.2]), 0.0)
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([0.0, -100.5, -1.0]), 100, mat_ground))
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([0.0, 0.0, -1.0]), 0.5, mat_center))
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([-1.0, 0.0, -1.0]), 0.5, mat_left))
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([-1.0, 0.0, -1.0]), -0.45, mat_left))
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([1.0, 0.0, -1.0]), 0.5, mat_right))
self.world.add(
BVHNode(self.world.objects, 0, len(self.world.objects), 0, 1))
self.background = np.array([0.7, 0.8, 1.0])
def main():
# image dimensions (pixel)
nx = 200
ny = 100
# number of samples (rays) per pixel
ns = 100
# define camera
lookfrom = np.array([-3., 3., 3.])
lookat = np.array([0., 0., 0.])
vfov = np.pi/9
aperture = 1.
focus_dist = np.linalg.norm(lookat - lookfrom)
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, np.array([0., 1., 0.]), vfov, nx / ny, aperture, focus_dist)
# define scene geometry
scene = SurfaceAssembly()
scene.add_object(Sphere(np.array([ 0., 0., 0.]), 0.5, Lambertian(np.array([0.1, 0.2, 0.5]))))
scene.add_object(Sphere(np.array([ 1., 0., 0.]), 0.5, Metal(np.array([0.8, 0.6, 0.2]), 1.0)))
# imitate hollow glass sphere
scene.add_object(Sphere(np.array([-1., 0., 0.]), 0.5, Dielectric(1.5)))
scene.add_object(Sphere(np.array([-1., 0., 0.]), -0.45, Dielectric(1.5)))
# large sphere imitating ground floor
scene.add_object(Sphere(np.array([0., -100.5, 0.]), 100., Lambertian(np.array([0.8, 0.8, 0.0]))))
# render image
im = render_image(nx, ny, ns, scene, cam)
imageio.imwrite('depth_of_field.png', im.transpose((1, 0, 2)))
def random_spheres(self):
self.lookfrom = np.array([13.0, 2.0, 3.0])
self.lookat = np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
self.vfov = 20.0
self.aperature = 0.1
self.background = np.array([0.7, 0.8, 1.0])
self.camera = Camera(self.img_width, self.img_height, self.lookfrom,
self.lookat, self.vup, self.vfov, self.aperature,
self.focus_dist)
mat_ground = Lambertian(np.array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5]))
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([0.0, -1000, 0.0]), 1000, mat_ground))
for a in range(-11, 11):
for b in range(-11, 11):
choose_mat = ru.get_random()
center = np.array([
a + 0.9 * ru.get_random(), 0.2, b + 0.9 * ru.get_random()
])
if ru.length(center - np.array([4.0, 0.2, 0.0])) > 0.9:
sphere_material: Material
if choose_mat < 0.8:
albedo = ru.get_random_point() * ru.get_random_point()
sphere_material = Lambertian(albedo)
elif choose_mat < 0.95:
albedo = ru.get_random_point_in_range(0.5, 1.0)
fuzz = ru.get_random_in_range(0.0, 0.5)
sphere_material = Metal(albedo, fuzz)
else:
sphere_material = Dielectric(1.5)
self.world.add(Sphere(center, 0.2, sphere_material))
mat1 = Dielectric(1.5)
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([0.0, 1.0, 0.0]), 1.0, mat1))
mat2 = Lambertian(np.array([0.4, 0.2, 0.1]))
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([-4.0, 1.0, 0.0]), 1.0, mat2))
mat3 = Metal(np.array([0.7, 0.6, 0.5]), 0.0)
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([4.0, 1.0, 0.0]), 1.0, mat3))
# BVH implementation
self.world.add(
BVHNode(self.world.objects, 0, len(self.world.objects), 0, 1))
def my_scene(self):
self.vfov = 65
self.lookfrom = np.array([800, 180, 200])
self.lookat = np.array([200, 0, 800])
self.background = np.array([0, 0, 0])
self.camera = Camera(self.img_width, self.img_height, self.lookfrom,
self.lookat, self.vup, self.vfov, self.aperature,
self.focus_dist)
light = DiffuseLight(np.array([1, 1, 1]))
mirror = Metal(np.array([0.95, 0.95, 0.95]), 0)
mat_ground = Lambertian(np.array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5]))
glass = Dielectric(2.0)
mat_sphere = Lambertian(np.array([0.8, 0.8, 0.8]))
self.world.add(XZRectangle(200, 800, 200, 800, 0, mat_ground))
self.world.add(XYRectangle(425, 575, 0, 100, 700, light))
self.world.add(XYRectangle(425, 575, 0, 100, 310, light))
self.world.add(YZRectangle(0, 250, 200, 800, 200, mirror))
self.world.add(YZRectangle(0, 250, 200, 800, 800, mirror))
self.world.add(XYRectangle(200, 800, 0, 250, 800, mirror))
self.world.add(XYRectangle(200, 800, 0, 250, 200, mirror))
for x in range(470, 531, 30):
for z in range(535, 474, -30):
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([x, 15, z]), 15, glass))
for x in range(485, 516, 30):
for z in range(520, 489, -30):
self.world.add(
Sphere(np.array([x, 15 * (1 + np.sqrt(3)), z]), 15, glass))
self.world.add(
Sphere(np.array([500, 15 * (1 + 2 * np.sqrt(3)), 505]), 15, glass))
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([500, 15, 445]), 15, mirror))
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([500, 15, 565]), 15, mirror))
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([440, 15, 505]), 15, mat_sphere))
self.world.add(Sphere(np.array([560, 15, 505]), 15, mat_sphere))
dist = 15 * np.sqrt(2)
self.world.add(
Sphere(np.array([470 - dist, 15, 535 + dist]), 15, light))
self.world.add(
Sphere(np.array([530 + dist, 15, 535 + dist]), 15, light))
self.world.add(
Sphere(np.array([470 - dist, 15, 475 - dist]), 15, light))
self.world.add(
Sphere(np.array([530 + dist, 15, 475 - dist]), 15, light))
self.world.add(
BVHNode(self.world.objects, 0, len(self.world.objects), 0, 1))
def get_world() -> World:
world = []
glass = Dielectric(1.5)
# Ground
ground_mat = Lambertian(Color(0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
world.append(Sphere(Vector(0, -1000, 0), 1000, ground_mat))
# Marbles
for x in range(-11, 11):
for z in range(-11, 11):
choose_material = random()
material: Material
center = Vector(x + .9 * random(), .2, z + .9 * random())
if (center - Vector(4, .2, 0)).norm() <= .9:
continue
if choose_material < .8:
# Diffuse
albedo = Color(*(random(3) * random(3)))
material = Lambertian(albedo)
elif choose_material < .95:
# Metal
albedo = Color(*(random(3) * .5 + .5))
fuzz = random() * .4
material = Metal(albedo, fuzziness=fuzz)
else:
# Glass
material = glass
world.append(Sphere(center, .2, material))
# Big Spheres
world.append(Sphere(Vector(4, 1, 0), 1.0, glass))
world.append(Sphere(Vector(-4, 1, 0), 1.0, Lambertian(Color(.6, .1, .1))))
world.append(Sphere(Vector(0, 1, 0), 1.0, Metal(Color(.7, .6, .5))))
return World(world)
def main():
# image dimensions (pixel)
nx = 200
ny = 100
# number of samples (rays) per pixel
ns = 100
# define camera
lookfrom = np.zeros(3)
lookat = np.array([0., 0., -1.])
vfov = np.pi / 2
aperture = 0.
focus_dist = 1.
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, np.array([0., 1., 0.]), vfov, nx / ny,
aperture, focus_dist)
# define scene geometry
scene = SurfaceAssembly()
scene.add_object(
Sphere(np.array([0., 0., -1.]), 0.5,
Lambertian(np.array([0.8, 0.3, 0.3]))))
scene.add_object(
Sphere(np.array([1., 0., -1.]), 0.5,
Metal(np.array([0.8, 0.6, 0.2]), 1.0)))
scene.add_object(
Sphere(np.array([-1., 0., -1.]), 0.5,
Metal(np.array([0.8, 0.8, 0.8]), 0.3)))
# large sphere imitating ground floor
scene.add_object(
Sphere(np.array([0., -100.5, -1.]), 100.,
Lambertian(np.array([0.8, 0.8, 0.0]))))
# render image
im = render_image(nx, ny, ns, scene, cam)
imageio.imwrite('metal_spheres.png', im.transpose((1, 0, 2)))
def get_small_world() -> World:
mat_ground = Lambertian(Color(.8, .8, .3))
ground = Sphere(Vector(0, -100.5, -1), 100, mat_ground)
mat_center = Lambertian(Color(.7, .3, .3))
center = Sphere(Vector(0, 0, -1), .5, mat_center)
mat_left = Metal(Color(.8, .8, .8))
left = Sphere(Vector(-1, 0, -1), .5, mat_left)
mat_right = Dielectric(1.5)
right = Sphere(Vector(1, 0, -1), .5, mat_right)
return World([ground, center, left, right])
def random_scene():
"""Generate a random scene."""
result = []
sphere = Sphere(Vec3(0, -1000, 0), 1000, Lambertian(Vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)))
result.append(sphere)
for a in range(-11, 11):
for b in range(-11, 11):
choose_mat = random()
center = Vec3(a + 0.9 * random(), 0.2, b + 0.9 * random())
if (center - Vec3(4, 0.2, 0)).length > 0.9:
if choose_mat < 0.8:
# make diffuse
sphere = Sphere(
center, 0.2,
Lambertian(
Vec3(random() * random(),
random() * random(),
random() * random())))
elif choose_mat < 0.95:
# make metallic
sphere = Sphere(
center, 0.2,
Metal(
Vec3(0.5 * (1 + random()), 0.5 * (1 + random()),
0.5 * (1 + random())), 0.5 * random()))
else:
# make glassy
sphere = Sphere(center, 0.2, Dielectric(1.5))
result.append(sphere)
result.append(Sphere(Vec3(0, 1, 0), 1.0, Dielectric(1.5)))
result.append(Sphere(Vec3(-4, 1, 0), 1.0, Lambertian(Vec3(0.4, 0.2, 0.1))))
result.append(Sphere(Vec3(4, 1, 0), 1.0, Metal(Vec3(0.7, 0.6, 0.5), 0.0)))
return Hitable_List(result)
def main():
# image dimensions (pixel)
nx = 1200
ny = 800
# number of samples (rays) per pixel
ns = 10
# define camera
lookfrom = np.array([13., 2., 3.])
lookat = np.zeros(3)
vfov = np.pi / 9
aperture = 0.1
focus_dist = 10.0
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, np.array([0., 1., 0.]), vfov, nx / ny,
aperture, focus_dist)
# define scene geometry
scene = SurfaceAssembly()
# three large spheres
scene.add_object(
Sphere(np.array([4., 1., 0.]), 1.0, Metal(np.array([0.7, 0.6, 0.5]),
0.)))
scene.add_object(Sphere(np.array([0., 1., 0.]), 1.0, Dielectric(1.5)))
scene.add_object(
Sphere(np.array([-4., 1., 0.]), 1.0,
Lambertian(np.array([0.4, 0.2, 0.1]))))
# smaller spheres with random parameters
for a in range(-11, 12):
for b in range(-11, 12):
center = np.array([
a + 0.9 * np.random.rand(), 0.2 + 0.1 * np.random.rand(),
b + 0.9 * np.random.rand()
])
# random choice between diffusive, metal or dielectric (glass)
choose_mat = np.random.choice(3, p=[0.8, 0.15, 0.05])
if choose_mat == 0:
# diffusive
scene.add_object(
Sphere(
center, 0.2,
Lambertian(np.random.triangular(0., 0.2, 1., size=3))))
elif choose_mat == 1:
# metal
scene.add_object(
Sphere(
center, 0.2,
Metal(0.5 * (1 + np.random.rand(3)),
0.5 * np.random.rand())))
else:
# dielectric (glass)
scene.add_object(Sphere(center, 0.2, Dielectric(1.5)))
# huge sphere imitating ground floor
scene.add_object(
Sphere(np.array([0., -1000., 0.]), 1000.,
Lambertian(np.array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5]))))
# render image
im = render_image(nx, ny, ns, scene, cam)
imageio.imwrite('random_scene.png', im.transpose((1, 0, 2)))
Vec3(0, -100, -1),
# Radius of the sphere
100,
# Material of the sphere (lambertian is just diffuse)
Lambertian(
# Color of the material (RGB)
Vec3(0.4, 0.4, 0.4)),
))
world.objects.append(
Sphere(
Vec3(0, 1, -3),
1,
# Metal sphere
Metal(
# Tint of the metal
Vec3(0.8, 0.8, 0.8),
# "Blurriness"
0.1,
),
))
world.objects.append(
Sphere(
Vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.4),
0.5,
# Transperent sphere
Dialectric(
# Refraction coefficient (1 for air)
1.5),
))
world.objects.append(
Sphere(Vec3(0, 0.8, -1), 0.8, Lambertian(Vec3(0.7, 0.3, 0.2))))
# Add more objects here!