def materials_tube(r, thickness, comp):
""" Compute geometric properties for a tube element.
Parameters
----------
r : array_like
Radii for each FEM element.
thickness : array_like
Tube thickness for each FEM element.
comp : Either OpenAeroStruct component object (better), or surface dict.
Returns
-------
A : array_like
Areas for each FEM element.
Iy : array_like
Area moment of inertia around the y-axis for each FEM element.
Iz : array_like
Area moment of inertia around the z-axis for each FEM element.
J : array_like
Polar moment of inertia for each FEM element.
"""
if not isinstance(comp, Component):
surface = comp
comp=MaterialsTube(surface)
# if not r:
# r = surface['radius'] # this is already contained in surface dict
# if not thickness:
# thickness = surface['thickness'] # this is already contained in surface dict
params={
'radius': r,
'thickness': thickness
}
unknowns={
'A': np.zeros((comp.ny - 1)),
'Iy': np.zeros((comp.ny - 1)),
'Iz': np.zeros((comp.ny - 1)),
'J': np.zeros((comp.ny - 1))
}
resids = None
comp.solve_nonlinear(params, unknowns, resids)
A=unknowns.get('A')
Iy=unknowns.get('Iy')
Iz=unknowns.get('Iz')
J=unknowns.get('J')
return A, Iy, Iz, J
"""
def materials_tube(r, thickness, comp):
""" Compute geometric properties for a tube element.
Parameters
----------
r : array_like
Radii for each FEM element.
thickness : array_like
Tube thickness for each FEM element.
comp : Either OpenAeroStruct component object (better), or surface dict.
Returns
-------
A : array_like
Areas for each FEM element.
Iy : array_like
Mass moment of inertia around the y-axis for each FEM element.
Iz : array_like
Mass moment of inertia around the z-axis for each FEM element.
J : array_like
Polar moment of inertia for each FEM element.
"""
if not isinstance(comp, Component):
surface = comp
comp = MaterialsTube(surface)
# if not r:
# r = surface['radius'] # this is already contained in surface dict
# if not thickness:
# thickness = surface['thickness'] # this is already contained in surface dict
params = {'radius': r, 'thickness': thickness}
unknowns = {
'A': np.zeros((comp.ny - 1)),
'Iy': np.zeros((comp.ny - 1)),
'Iz': np.zeros((comp.ny - 1)),
'J': np.zeros((comp.ny - 1))
}
resids = None
comp.solve_nonlinear(params, unknowns, resids)
A = unknowns.get('A')
Iy = unknowns.get('Iy')
Iz = unknowns.get('Iz')
J = unknowns.get('J')
return A, Iy, Iz, J
"""
# to variables within the components.
# For example, here we set the loads, and SpatialBeamStates computes
# the displacements based off of these loads.
des_vars = [('twist', numpy.zeros(surface['num_y'])),
('span', surface['span']), ('r', r), ('thickness', thickness),
('loads', loads)]
# Add components to the root problem. Note that each of the components
# is defined with `promotes=['*']`, which means that all parameters
# within that component are promoted to the root level so that all
# other components can access them. For example, GeometryMesh creates
# the mesh, and SpatialBeamStates uses this mesh information.
# The data passing happens behind-the-scenes in OpenMDAO.
root.add('des_vars', IndepVarComp(des_vars), promotes=['*'])
root.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
root.add('tube', MaterialsTube(surface), promotes=['*'])
root.add('spatialbeamstates', SpatialBeamStates(surface), promotes=['*'])
root.add('spatialbeamfuncs',
SpatialBeamFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
# Instantiate an OpenMDAO problem and all the root group that we just
# created to the problem.
prob = Problem()
prob.root = root
# Set a driver for the optimization problem. Without a driver, OpenMDAO
# doesn't know how to change the parameters to achieve an optimal solution.
# There are a few options, but ScipyOptimizer and SLSQP are generally
# the best options to use without installing additional packages.
prob.driver = ScipyOptimizer()
def setup_aerostruct(self):
"""
Specific method to add the necessary components to the problem for an
aerostructural problem.
"""
# Set the problem name if the user doesn't
if 'prob_name' not in self.prob_dict.keys():
self.prob_dict['prob_name'] = 'aerostruct'
# Create the base root-level group
root = Group()
coupled = Group()
# Create the problem and assign the root group
self.prob = Problem()
self.prob.root = root
# Loop over each surface in the surfaces list
for surface in self.surfaces:
# Get the surface name and create a group to contain components
# only for this surface
name = surface['name']
tmp_group = Group()
# Add independent variables that do not belong to a specific component
indep_vars = [
('twist_cp', numpy.zeros(surface['num_twist'])),
('thickness_cp', numpy.ones(surface['num_thickness']) *
numpy.max(surface['t'])), ('r', surface['r']),
('dihedral', surface['dihedral']), ('sweep', surface['sweep']),
('span', surface['span']), ('taper', surface['taper'])
]
# Obtain the Jacobians to interpolate the data from the b-spline
# control points
jac_twist = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_twist'], surface['num_y'])
jac_thickness = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_thickness'],
surface['num_y'] - 1)
# Add components to include in the surface's group
tmp_group.add('indep_vars',
IndepVarComp(indep_vars),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('thickness_bsp',
Bspline('thickness_cp', 'thickness', jac_thickness),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('tube', MaterialsTube(surface), promotes=['*'])
# Add tmp_group to the problem with the name of the surface.
name_orig = name
name = name[:-1]
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=[])')
# Add components to the 'coupled' group for each surface.
# The 'coupled' group must contain all components and parameters
# needed to converge the aerostructural system.
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('aero_geom', VLMGeometry(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('struct_states',
SpatialBeamStates(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.struct_states.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
name = name_orig
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('coupled.add("' + name[:-1] + '", ' + name + ', promotes=[])')
# Add a loads component to the coupled group
exec('coupled.add("' + name_orig + 'loads' + '", ' +
'TransferLoads(surface)' + ', promotes=[])')
# Add a performance group which evaluates the data after solving
# the coupled system
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('struct_funcs',
SpatialBeamFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('aero_funcs',
VLMFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
name = name_orig + 'perf'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name +
', promotes=["rho", "v", "alpha", "Re", "M"])')
# Add a single 'aero_states' component for the whole system within the
# coupled group.
coupled.add('aero_states',
VLMStates(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['v', 'alpha', 'rho'])
# Explicitly connect parameters from each surface's group and the common
# 'aero_states' group.
for surface in self.surfaces:
name = surface['name']
# Perform the connections with the modified names within the
# 'aero_states' group.
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.def_mesh',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'def_mesh')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.b_pts',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'b_pts')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.c_pts',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'c_pts')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.normals',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'normals')
# Connect the results from 'aero_states' to the performance groups
root.connect('coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'sec_forces',
name + 'perf' + '.sec_forces')
# Connect the results from 'coupled' to the performance groups
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.def_mesh',
'coupled.' + name + 'loads.def_mesh')
root.connect('coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'sec_forces',
'coupled.' + name + 'loads.sec_forces')
root.connect('coupled.' + name + 'loads.loads',
name + 'perf.loads')
# Connect the output of the loads component with the FEM
# displacement parameter. This links the coupling within the coupled
# group that necessitates the subgroup solver.
root.connect('coupled.' + name + 'loads.loads',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.loads')
# Connect aerodyamic design variables
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.dihedral',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.dihedral')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.span', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.span')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.sweep',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.sweep')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.taper',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.taper')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.twist',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.twist')
# Connect structural design variables
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.A', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.A')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.Iy', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.Iy')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.Iz', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.Iz')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.J', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.J')
# Connect performance calculation variables
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.r', name + 'perf.r')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.A', name + 'perf.A')
# Connection performance functional variables
root.connect(name + 'perf.weight', 'fuelburn.' + name + 'weight')
root.connect(name + 'perf.weight', 'eq_con.' + name + 'weight')
root.connect(name + 'perf.L', 'eq_con.' + name + 'L')
root.connect(name + 'perf.CL', 'fuelburn.' + name + 'CL')
root.connect(name + 'perf.CD', 'fuelburn.' + name + 'CD')
# Connect paramters from the 'coupled' group to the performance
# group.
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.nodes',
name + 'perf.nodes')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.disp', name + 'perf.disp')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.S_ref',
name + 'perf.S_ref')
# Set solver properties for the coupled group
coupled.ln_solver = ScipyGMRES()
coupled.ln_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
coupled.ln_solver.preconditioner = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.aero_states.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver = NLGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
# Ensure that the groups are ordered correctly within the coupled group
# so that a system with multiple surfaces is solved corretly.
order_list = []
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'][:-1])
order_list.append('aero_states')
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'] + 'loads')
coupled.set_order(order_list)
# Add the coupled group to the root problem
root.add('coupled', coupled, promotes=['v', 'alpha', 'rho'])
# Add problem information as an independent variables component
prob_vars = [('v', self.prob_dict['v']),
('alpha', self.prob_dict['alpha']),
('M', self.prob_dict['M']), ('Re', self.prob_dict['Re']),
('rho', self.prob_dict['rho'])]
root.add('prob_vars', IndepVarComp(prob_vars), promotes=['*'])
# Add functionals to evaluate performance of the system.
# Note that only the interesting results are promoted here; not all
# of the parameters.
root.add('fuelburn',
FunctionalBreguetRange(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['fuelburn'])
root.add('eq_con',
FunctionalEquilibrium(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['eq_con', 'fuelburn'])
# Actually set up the system
self.setup_prob()
def setup_struct(self):
"""
Specific method to add the necessary components to the problem for a
structural problem.
"""
# Set the problem name if the user doesn't
if 'prob_name' not in self.prob_dict.keys():
self.prob_dict['prob_name'] = 'struct'
# Create the base root-level group
root = Group()
# Create the problem and assign the root group
self.prob = Problem()
self.prob.root = root
# Loop over each surface in the surfaces list
for surface in self.surfaces:
# Get the surface name and create a group to contain components
# only for this surface.
# This group's name is whatever the surface's name is.
# The default is 'wing'.
name = surface['name']
tmp_group = Group()
surface['r'] = surface['r'] / 5
surface['t'] = surface['r'] / 20
# Add independent variables that do not belong to a specific component.
# Note that these are the only ones necessary for structual-only
# analysis and optimization.
indep_vars = [
('thickness_cp', numpy.ones(surface['num_thickness']) *
numpy.max(surface['t'])), ('r', surface['r']),
('loads', surface['loads'])
]
# Obtain the Jacobians to interpolate the data from the b-spline
# control points
jac_twist = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_twist'], surface['num_y'])
jac_thickness = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_thickness'],
surface['num_y'] - 1)
# Add structural components to the surface-specific group
tmp_group.add('indep_vars',
IndepVarComp(indep_vars),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('thickness_bsp',
Bspline('thickness_cp', 'thickness', jac_thickness),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('tube', MaterialsTube(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('struct_states',
SpatialBeamStates(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('struct_funcs',
SpatialBeamFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
# Add tmp_group to the problem with the name of the surface.
# The default is 'wing'.
nm = name
name = name[:-1]
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=[])')
# Actually set up the problem
self.setup_prob()
# Create the top-level system
root = Group()
# Define the independent variables
indep_vars = [
('span', span),
('twist', numpy.zeros(num_y)),
('v', v),
('alpha', alpha),
('rho', rho),
('r', r),
('t', t),
]
indep_vars_comp = IndepVarComp(indep_vars)
tube_comp = MaterialsTube(num_y)
mesh_comp = GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind, num_twist)
spatialbeamstates_comp = SpatialBeamStates(num_y, E, G)
def_mesh_comp = TransferDisplacements(num_y)
vlmstates_comp = VLMStates(num_y)
loads_comp = TransferLoads(num_y)
vlmfuncs_comp = VLMFunctionals(num_y, CL0, CD0)
spatialbeamfuncs_comp = SpatialBeamFunctionals(num_y, E, G, stress, mrho)
fuelburn_comp = FunctionalBreguetRange(W0, CT, a, R, M)
eq_con_comp = FunctionalEquilibrium(W0)
root.add('indep_vars', indep_vars_comp, promotes=['*'])
root.add('tube', tube_comp, promotes=['*'])
####################################
indep_vars = [('span', span), ('twist', numpy.zeros(num_twist)),
('dihedral', 0.), ('sweep', 0.), ('taper', 1.0),
('v', v), ('alpha', alpha), ('rho', rho), ('r', r),
('thick', thick), ('zeta', zeta)]
#######################
# Calls of components #
#######################
root = om.Group()
# Components before the time loop
for name, val in indep_vars:
root.set_input_defaults(name, val)
root.add_subsystem('tube', MaterialsTube(n=num_y_sym), promotes=['*'])
root.add_subsystem('mesh',
GeometryMesh(mesh=full_wing_mesh,
num_twist=num_twist),
promotes=['*'])
root.add_subsystem('matrices',
SpatialBeamMatrices(nx=num_x,
n=num_y_sym,
E=E,
G=G,
mrho=mrho,
fem_origin=fem_origin),
promotes=['*'])
SBEIG = SpatialBeamEIG(n=num_y_sym, num_dt=num_dt, final_t=final_t)
root.add_subsystem('eig', SBEIG, promotes=['*'])
def struct(loads, params):
# Unpack variables
mesh = params.get('mesh')
num_x = params.get('num_x')
num_y = params.get('num_y')
span = params.get('span')
twist_cp = params.get('twist_cp')
thickness_cp = params.get('thickness_cp')
v = params.get('v')
alpha = params.get('alpha')
rho = params.get('rho')
r = params.get('r')
t = params.get('t')
aero_ind = params.get('aero_ind')
fem_ind = params.get('fem_ind')
num_thickness = params.get('num_thickness')
num_twist = params.get('num_twist')
sweep = params.get('sweep')
taper = params.get('taper')
disp = params.get('disp')
dihedral = params.get('dihedral')
E = params.get('E')
G = params.get('G')
stress = params.get('stress')
mrho = params.get('mrho')
tot_n_fem = params.get('tot_n_fem')
num_surf = params.get('num_surf')
jac_twist = params.get('jac_twist')
jac_thickness = params.get('jac_thickness')
check = params.get('check')
out_stream = params.get('out_stream')
# Define the design variables
des_vars = [
('twist_cp', twist_cp),
('thickness_cp', thickness_cp),
('r', r),
# ('dihedral', dihedral),
# ('sweep', sweep),
# ('span', span),
# ('taper', taper),
# ('v', v),
# ('alpha', alpha),
# ('rho', rho),
# ('disp', disp),
('loads', loads)
]
root = Group()
root.add(
'des_vars',
IndepVarComp(des_vars),
# promotes=['thickness_cp','r','loads'])
promotes=['*'])
# root.add('twist_bsp', # What is this doing?
# Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist),
# promotes=['*'])
root.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
root.add(
'thickness_bsp', # What is this doing?
Bspline('thickness_cp', 'thickness', jac_thickness),
# promotes=['thickness'])
promotes=['*'])
root.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind), promotes=['*'])
root.add(
'tube',
MaterialsTube(fem_ind),
# promotes=['r','thickness','A','Iy','Iz','J'])
promotes=['*'])
root.add(
'spatialbeamstates',
SpatialBeamStates(aero_ind, fem_ind, E, G),
# promotes=[
# 'mesh', # ComputeNodes
# 'A','Iy','Iz','J','loads', # SpatialBeamFEM
# 'disp' # SpatialBeamDisp
# ])
promotes=['*'])
root.add(
'transferdisp',
TransferDisplacements(aero_ind, fem_ind),
# promotes=['mesh','disp','def_mesh'])
promotes=['*'])
prob = Problem()
prob.root = root
prob.setup(check=check, out_stream=out_stream)
prob.run()
return prob['def_mesh'] # Output the def_mesh matrix
des_vars = [
('span', span),
('twist', numpy.zeros(num_y)),
('v', v),
('alpha', alpha),
('rho', rho),
('r', r),
('t', t),
]
root.add('des_vars',
IndepVarComp(des_vars),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('tube',
MaterialsTube(num_y),
promotes=['*'])
coupled = Group() # add components for MDA to this group
coupled.add('mesh',
GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind, num_twist),
promotes=['*'])
coupled.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(num_y),
promotes=['*'])
coupled.add('vlmstates',
VLMStates(num_y),
promotes=['*'])
coupled.add('loads',
TransferLoads(num_y),
promotes=['*'])
('rho', rho),
('r', r),
('t', t),
('aero_ind', aero_ind)
]
############################################################
# These are your components, put them in the correct groups.
# indep_vars_comp, tube_comp, and weiss_func_comp have been
# done for you as examples
############################################################
indep_vars_comp = IndepVarComp(indep_vars)
twist_comp = Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist)
thickness_comp = Bspline('thickness_cp', 'thickness', jac_thickness)
tube_comp = MaterialsTube(fem_ind)
mesh_comp = GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind)
spatialbeamstates_comp = SpatialBeamStates(aero_ind, fem_ind, E, G)
def_mesh_comp = TransferDisplacements(aero_ind, fem_ind)
vlmstates_comp = VLMStates(aero_ind)
loads_comp = TransferLoads(aero_ind, fem_ind)
vlmfuncs_comp = VLMFunctionals(aero_ind, CL0, CD0)
spatialbeamfuncs_comp = SpatialBeamFunctionals(aero_ind, fem_ind, E, G, stress, mrho)
fuelburn_comp = FunctionalBreguetRange(W0, CT, a, R, M, aero_ind)
eq_con_comp = FunctionalEquilibrium(W0, aero_ind)
############################################################
############################################################
def setup_aerostruct(self):
"""
Specific method to add the necessary components to the problem for an
aerostructural problem.
"""
# Set the problem name if the user doesn't
if 'prob_name' not in self.prob_dict.keys():
self.prob_dict['prob_name'] = 'aerostruct'
# Create the base root-level group
root = Group()
coupled = Group()
# Create the problem and assign the root group
self.prob = Problem()
self.prob.root = root
# Loop over each surface in the surfaces list
for surface in self.surfaces:
# Get the surface name and create a group to contain components
# only for this surface
name = surface['name']
tmp_group = Group()
# Add independent variables that do not belong to a specific component
indep_vars = [
(name + 'twist_cp', numpy.zeros(surface['num_twist'])),
(name + 'thickness_cp', numpy.ones(surface['num_thickness']) *
numpy.max(surface['t'])), (name + 'r', surface['r']),
(name + 'dihedral', surface['dihedral']),
(name + 'sweep', surface['sweep']),
(name + 'span', surface['span']),
(name + 'taper', surface['taper'])
]
# Obtain the Jacobians to interpolate the data from the b-spline
# control points
jac_twist = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_twist'], surface['num_y'])
jac_thickness = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_thickness'],
surface['num_y'] - 1)
# Add components to include in the '_pre_solve' group
tmp_group.add('indep_vars',
IndepVarComp(indep_vars),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline(name + 'twist_cp', name + 'twist',
jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('thickness_bsp',
Bspline(name + 'thickness_cp', name + 'thickness',
jac_thickness),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('tube', MaterialsTube(surface), promotes=['*'])
# Add tmp_group to the problem with the name of the surface and
# '_pre_solve' appended.
name_orig = name #.strip('_')
name = name + 'pre_solve'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add components to the 'coupled' group for each surface
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('vlmgeom', VLMGeometry(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('spatialbeamstates',
SpatialBeamStates(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.spatialbeamstates.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
name = name_orig + 'group'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('coupled.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add a loads component to the coupled group
exec('coupled.add("' + name_orig + 'loads' + '", ' +
'TransferLoads(surface)' + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add a '_post_solve' group which evaluates the data after solving
# the coupled system
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('spatialbeamfuncs',
SpatialBeamFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('vlmfuncs', VLMFunctionals(surface), promotes=['*'])
name = name_orig + 'post_solve'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add a single 'VLMStates' component for the whole system
coupled.add('vlmstates',
VLMStates(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['*'])
# Set solver properties for the coupled group
coupled.ln_solver = ScipyGMRES()
coupled.ln_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
coupled.ln_solver.preconditioner = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.vlmstates.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver = NLGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
# Ensure that the groups are ordered correctly within the coupled group
order_list = []
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'] + 'group')
order_list.append('vlmstates')
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'] + 'loads')
coupled.set_order(order_list)
# Add the coupled group to the root problem
root.add('coupled', coupled, promotes=['*'])
# Add problem information as an independent variables component
prob_vars = [('v', self.prob_dict['v']),
('alpha', self.prob_dict['alpha']),
('M', self.prob_dict['M']), ('Re', self.prob_dict['Re']),
('rho', self.prob_dict['rho'])]
root.add('prob_vars', IndepVarComp(prob_vars), promotes=['*'])
# Add functionals to evaluate performance of the system
root.add('fuelburn',
FunctionalBreguetRange(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('eq_con',
FunctionalEquilibrium(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['*'])
self.setup_prob()
def setup(prob_dict={}, surfaces=[{}]):
''' Setup the aerostruct mesh
Default wing mesh (single lifting surface):
-------------------------------------------
name = 'wing' # name of the surface
num_x = 3 # number of chordwise points
num_y = 5 # number of spanwise points
root_chord = 1. # root chord
span_cos_spacing = 1 # 0 for uniform spanwise panels
# 1 for cosine-spaced panels
# any value between 0 and 1 for a mixed spacing
chord_cos_spacing = 0. # 0 for uniform chordwise panels
# 1 for cosine-spaced panels
# any value between 0 and 1 for a mixed spacing
wing_type = 'rect' # initial shape of the wing either 'CRM' or 'rect'
# 'CRM' can have different options after it, such as 'CRM:alpha_2.75' for the CRM shape at alpha=2.75
offset = np.array([0., 0., 0.]) # coordinates to offset the surface from its default location
symmetry = True # if true, model one half of wing reflected across the plane y = 0
S_ref_type = 'wetted' # 'wetted' or 'projected'
# Simple Geometric Variables
span = 10. # full wingspan
dihedral = 0. # wing dihedral angle in degrees positive is upward
sweep = 0. # wing sweep angle in degrees positive sweeps back
taper = 1. # taper ratio; 1. is uniform chord
# B-spline Geometric Variables. The number of control points for each of these variables can be specified in surf_dict
# by adding the prefix "num" to the variable (e.g. num_twist)
twist_cp = None
chord_cp = None
xshear_cp = None
zshear_cp = None
thickness_cp = None
Default wing parameters:
------------------------
Zero-lift aerodynamic performance
CL0 = 0.0 # CL value at AoA (alpha) = 0
CD0 = 0.0 # CD value at AoA (alpha) = 0
Airfoil properties for viscous drag calculation
k_lam = 0.05 # percentage of chord with laminar flow, used for viscous drag
t_over_c = 0.12 # thickness over chord ratio (NACA0012)
c_max_t = .303 # chordwise location of maximum (NACA0012) thickness
Structural values are based on aluminum
E = 70.e9 # [Pa] Young's modulus of the spar
G = 30.e9 # [Pa] shear modulus of the spar
stress = 20.e6 # [Pa] yield stress
mrho = 3.e3 # [kg/m^3] material density
fem_origin = 0.35 # chordwise location of the spar
Other
W0 = 0.4 * 3e5 # [kg] MTOW of B777 is 3e5 kg with fuel
Default problem parameters:
---------------------------
Re = 1e6 # Reynolds number
reynolds_length = 1.0 # characteristic Reynolds length
alpha = 5. # angle of attack
CT = 9.80665 * 17.e-6 # [1/s] (9.81 N/kg * 17e-6 kg/N/s)
R = 14.3e6 # [m] maximum range
M = 0.84 # Mach number at cruise
rho = 0.38 # [kg/m^3] air density at 35,000 ft
a = 295.4 # [m/s] speed of sound at 35,000 ft
with_viscous = False # if true, compute viscous drag
'''
# Use steps in run_aerostruct.py to add wing surface to problem
# Set problem type
prob_dict.update({
'type': 'aerostruct'
}) # this doesn't really matter since we aren't calling OASProblem.setup()
# Instantiate problem
OAS_prob = OASProblem(prob_dict)
for surface in surfaces:
# Add SpatialBeamFEM size
FEMsize = 6 * surface['num_y'] + 6
surface.update({'FEMsize': FEMsize})
# Add the specified wing surface to the problem.
OAS_prob.add_surface(surface)
# Add materials properties for the wing surface to the surface dict in OAS_prob
for idx, surface in enumerate(OAS_prob.surfaces):
A, Iy, Iz, J = materials_tube(surface['radius'], surface['thickness'],
surface)
OAS_prob.surfaces[idx].update({'A': A, 'Iy': Iy, 'Iz': Iz, 'J': J})
# Get total panels and save in prob_dict
tot_panels = 0
for surface in OAS_prob.surfaces:
ny = surface['num_y']
nx = surface['num_x']
tot_panels += (nx - 1) * (ny - 1)
OAS_prob.prob_dict.update({'tot_panels': tot_panels})
# Assume we are only using a single lifting surface for now
surface = OAS_prob.surfaces[0]
# Initialize the OpenAeroStruct components and save them in a component dictionary
comp_dict = {}
comp_dict['MaterialsTube'] = MaterialsTube(surface)
comp_dict['GeometryMesh'] = GeometryMesh(surface)
comp_dict['TransferDisplacements'] = TransferDisplacements(surface)
comp_dict['VLMGeometry'] = VLMGeometry(surface)
comp_dict['AssembleAIC'] = AssembleAIC([surface])
comp_dict['AeroCirculations'] = AeroCirculations(
OAS_prob.prob_dict['tot_panels'])
comp_dict['VLMForces'] = VLMForces([surface])
comp_dict['TransferLoads'] = TransferLoads(surface)
comp_dict['ComputeNodes'] = ComputeNodes(surface)
comp_dict['AssembleK'] = AssembleK(surface)
comp_dict['SpatialBeamFEM'] = SpatialBeamFEM(surface['FEMsize'])
comp_dict['SpatialBeamDisp'] = SpatialBeamDisp(surface)
OAS_prob.comp_dict = comp_dict
return OAS_prob
})
# Get total panels and save in prob_dict
tot_panels = 0
for surface in OAS_prob.surfaces:
ny = surface['num_y']
nx = surface['num_x']
tot_panels += (nx - 1) * (ny - 1)
OAS_prob.prob_dict.update({'tot_panels': tot_panels})
# Assume we are only using a single lifting surface for now
surface = OAS_prob.surfaces[0]
# Initialize the OpenAeroStruct components and save them in a component dictionary
comp_dict = {}
comp_dict['MaterialsTube'] = MaterialsTube(surface)
comp_dict['GeometryMesh'] = GeometryMesh(surface)
comp_dict['TransferDisplacements'] = TransferDisplacements(surface)
comp_dict['VLMGeometry'] = VLMGeometry(surface)
comp_dict['AssembleAIC'] = AssembleAIC([surface])
comp_dict['AeroCirculations'] = AeroCirculations(OAS_prob.prob_dict['tot_panels'])
comp_dict['VLMForces'] = VLMForces([surface])
comp_dict['TransferLoads'] = TransferLoads(surface)
comp_dict['ComputeNodes'] = ComputeNodes(surface)
comp_dict['AssembleK'] = AssembleK(surface)
comp_dict['SpatialBeamFEM'] = SpatialBeamFEM(surface['FEMsize'])
comp_dict['SpatialBeamDisp'] = SpatialBeamDisp(surface)
OAS_prob.comp_dict = comp_dict
<<<<<<< HEAD
# return the surfaces list, problem dict, and component dict
####################################
# Define the independent variables #
####################################
indep_vars = [('span', span), ('twist', numpy.zeros(num_twist)),
('dihedral', 0.), ('sweep', 0.), ('taper', 1.0),
('v', v), ('alpha', alpha), ('rho', rho), ('r', r),
('thick', thick), ('zeta', zeta)]
#######################
# Calls of components #
#######################
root = Group()
# Components before the time loop
root.add('indep_vars', IndepVarComp(indep_vars), promotes=['*'])
root.add('tube', MaterialsTube(num_y_sym), promotes=['*'])
root.add('mesh',
GeometryMesh(full_wing_mesh, num_twist),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('matrices',
SpatialBeamMatrices(num_x, num_y_sym, E, G, mrho, fem_origin),
promotes=['*'])
SBEIG = SpatialBeamEIG(num_y_sym, num_dt, final_t)
root.add('eig', SBEIG, promotes=['*'])
# Time loop
coupled = Group()
for t in xrange(num_dt):
name_step = 'step_%d' % t
coupled.add(name_step,
SingleStep(num_x, num_y_sym, num_w, E, G, mrho,
