def fit_iteratively(
data,
modelspec,
cost_function=basic_cost,
fitter=coordinate_descent,
evaluator=ms.evaluate,
segmentor=nems.segmentors.use_all_data,
mapper=nems.fitters.mappers.simple_vector,
metric=lambda data: nems.metrics.api.nmse(data, 'pred', 'resp'),
metaname='fit_basic',
fit_kwargs={},
module_sets=None,
invert=False,
tolerances=None,
tol_iter=100,
fit_iter=20,
):
'''
Required Arguments:
data A recording object
modelspec A modelspec object
Optional Arguments:
fitter A function of (sigma, costfn) that tests various points,
in fitspace (i.e. sigmas) using the cost function costfn,
and hopefully returns a better sigma after some time.
mapper A class that has two methods, pack and unpack, which define
the mapping between modelspecs and a fitter's fitspace.
segmentor An function that selects a subset of the data during the
fitting process. This is NOT the same as est/val data splits
metric A function of a Recording that returns an error value
that is to be minimized.
module_sets A nested list specifying which model indices should be fit.
Overall iteration will occurr len(module_sets) many times.
ex: [[0], [1, 3], [0, 1, 2, 3]]
invert Boolean. Causes module_sets to specify the model indices
that should *not* be fit.
Returns
A list containing a single modelspec, which has the best parameters found
by this fitter.
'''
if module_sets is None:
module_sets = [[i] for i in range(len(modelspec))]
if tolerances is None:
tolerances = [1e-6]
start_time = time.time()
ms.fit_mode_on(modelspec)
# Ensure that phi exists for all modules; choose prior mean if not found
for i, m in enumerate(modelspec):
if not m.get('phi'):
log.debug(
'Phi not found for module, using mean of prior: {}'.format(m))
m = nems.priors.set_mean_phi([m])[0] # Inits phi for 1 module
modelspec[i] = m
error = np.inf
for tol in tolerances:
log.info("Fitting all subsets with tolerance: %.2E", tol)
fit_kwargs.update({'tolerance': tol, 'max_iter': fit_iter})
error_reduction = np.inf
i = 0
while (error_reduction >= tol) and (i < tol_iter):
for subset in module_sets:
improved_modelspec = _module_set_loop(subset, data, modelspec,
cost_function, fitter,
mapper, segmentor,
evaluator, metric,
fit_kwargs)
new_error = cost_function.error
error_reduction = error - new_error
error = new_error
log.debug("Error reduction was: %.6E", error_reduction)
i += 1
elapsed_time = (time.time() - start_time)
# TODO: Should this maybe be moved to a higher level
# so it applies to ALL the fittters?
ms.fit_mode_off(improved_modelspec)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fitter', metaname)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fit_time', elapsed_time)
results = [copy.deepcopy(improved_modelspec)]
return results
def fit_module_sets(
data,
modelspec,
cost_function=basic_cost,
evaluator=ms.evaluate,
segmentor=nems.segmentors.use_all_data,
mapper=nems.fitters.mappers.simple_vector,
metric=lambda data: nems.metrics.api.nmse(data, 'pred', 'resp'),
fitter=coordinate_descent,
fit_kwargs={},
metaname='fit_module_sets',
module_sets=None,
invert=False,
tolerance=1e-4,
max_iter=1000):
'''
Required Arguments:
data A recording object
modelspec A modelspec object
Optional Arguments:
fitter A function of (sigma, costfn) that tests various points,
in fitspace (i.e. sigmas) using the cost function costfn,
and hopefully returns a better sigma after some time.
module_sets A nested list specifying which model indices should be fit.
Overall iteration will occurr len(module_sets) many times.
ex: [[0], [1, 3], [0, 1, 2, 3]]
invert Boolean. Causes module_sets to specify the model indices
that should *not* be fit.
Returns
A list containing a single modelspec, which has the best parameters found
by this fitter.
'''
if module_sets is None:
module_sets = [[i] for i in range(len(modelspec))]
fit_kwargs.update({'tolerance': tolerance, 'max_iter': max_iter})
# Ensure that phi exists for all modules; choose prior mean if not found
for i, m in enumerate(modelspec):
if not m.get('phi'):
log.debug(
'Phi not found for module, using mean of prior: {}'.format(m))
m = nems.priors.set_mean_phi([m])[0] # Inits phi for 1 module
modelspec[i] = m
if invert:
module_sets = _invert_subsets(modelspec, module_sets)
ms.fit_mode_on(modelspec)
start_time = time.time()
log.info("Fitting all subsets with tolerance: %.2E", tolerance)
for subset in module_sets:
improved_modelspec = _module_set_loop(subset, data, modelspec,
cost_function, fitter, mapper,
segmentor, evaluator, metric,
fit_kwargs)
elapsed_time = (time.time() - start_time)
# TODO: Should this maybe be moved to a higher level
# so it applies to ALL the fittters?
ms.fit_mode_off(improved_modelspec)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fitter', metaname)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fit_time', elapsed_time)
results = [copy.deepcopy(improved_modelspec)]
return results
def init_logsig(rec, modelspec):
'''
Initialization of priors for logistic_sigmoid,
based on process described in methods of Rabinowitz et al. 2014.
'''
# preserve input modelspec
modelspec = copy.deepcopy(modelspec)
target_i = find_module('logistic_sigmoid', modelspec)
if target_i is None:
log.warning("No logsig module was found, can't initialize.")
return modelspec
if target_i == len(modelspec):
fit_portion = modelspec
else:
fit_portion = modelspec[:target_i]
# generate prediction from module preceeding dexp
ms.fit_mode_on(fit_portion)
rec = ms.evaluate(rec, fit_portion)
ms.fit_mode_off(fit_portion)
pred = rec['pred'].as_continuous()
resp = rec['resp'].as_continuous()
mean_pred = np.nanmean(pred)
min_pred = np.nanmean(pred) - np.nanstd(pred) * 3
max_pred = np.nanmean(pred) + np.nanstd(pred) * 3
if min_pred < 0:
min_pred = 0
mean_pred = (min_pred + max_pred) / 2
pred_range = max_pred - min_pred
min_resp = max(np.nanmean(resp) - np.nanstd(resp) * 3, 0) # must be >= 0
max_resp = np.nanmean(resp) + np.nanstd(resp) * 3
resp_range = max_resp - min_resp
# Rather than setting a hard value for initial phi,
# set the prior distributions and let the fitter/analysis
# decide how to use it.
base0 = min_resp + 0.05 * (resp_range)
amplitude0 = resp_range
shift0 = mean_pred
kappa0 = pred_range
log.info("Initial base,amplitude,shift,kappa=({}, {}, {}, {})".format(
base0, amplitude0, shift0, kappa0))
base = ('Exponential', {'beta': base0})
amplitude = ('Exponential', {'beta': amplitude0})
shift = ('Normal', {'mean': shift0, 'sd': pred_range})
kappa = ('Exponential', {'beta': kappa0})
modelspec[target_i]['prior'].update({
'base': base,
'amplitude': amplitude,
'shift': shift,
'kappa': kappa
})
modelspec[target_i]['bounds'] = {
'base': (1e-15, None),
'amplitude': (1e-15, None),
'shift': (None, None),
'kappa': (1e-15, None)
}
return modelspec
def fit_basic(data,
modelspec,
fitter=scipy_minimize,
cost_function=None,
segmentor=nems.segmentors.use_all_data,
mapper=nems.fitters.mappers.simple_vector,
metric=lambda data: metrics.nmse(data, 'pred', 'resp'),
metaname='fit_basic',
fit_kwargs={},
require_phi=True):
'''
Required Arguments:
data A recording object
modelspec A modelspec object
Optional Arguments:
fitter A function of (sigma, costfn) that tests various points,
in fitspace (i.e. sigmas) using the cost function costfn,
and hopefully returns a better sigma after some time.
mapper A class that has two methods, pack and unpack, which define
the mapping between modelspecs and a fitter's fitspace.
segmentor An function that selects a subset of the data during the
fitting process. This is NOT the same as est/val data splits
metric A function of a Recording that returns an error value
that is to be minimized.
Returns
A list containing a single modelspec, which has the best parameters found
by this fitter.
'''
start_time = time.time()
if cost_function is None:
# Use the cost function defined in this module by default
cost_function = basic_cost
if require_phi:
# Ensure that phi exists for all modules; choose prior mean if not found
for i, m in enumerate(modelspec):
if not m.get('phi'):
log.debug('Phi not found for module, using mean of prior: %s',
m)
m = nems.priors.set_mean_phi([m])[0] # Inits phi for 1 module
modelspec[i] = m
ms.fit_mode_on(modelspec)
# Create the mapper object that translates to and from modelspecs.
# It has two methods that, when defined as mathematical functions, are:
# .pack(modelspec) -> fitspace_point
# .unpack(fitspace_point) -> modelspec
packer, unpacker = mapper(modelspec)
# A function to evaluate the modelspec on the data
evaluator = nems.modelspec.evaluate
my_cost_function = cost_function
my_cost_function.counter = 0
# Freeze everything but sigma, since that's all the fitter should be
# updating.
cost_fn = partial(my_cost_function,
unpacker=unpacker,
modelspec=modelspec,
data=data,
segmentor=segmentor,
evaluator=evaluator,
metric=metric)
# get initial sigma value representing some point in the fit space
sigma = packer(modelspec)
# Results should be a list of modelspecs
# (might only be one in list, but still should be packaged as a list)
improved_sigma = fitter(sigma, cost_fn, **fit_kwargs)
improved_modelspec = unpacker(improved_sigma)
elapsed_time = (time.time() - start_time)
# TODO: Should this maybe be moved to a higher level
# so it applies to ALL the fittters?
ms.fit_mode_off(improved_modelspec)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fitter', metaname)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fit_time', elapsed_time)
results = [copy.deepcopy(improved_modelspec)]
return results
def fit_basic(data, modelspec,
fitter=scipy_minimize, cost_function=None,
segmentor=nems.segmentors.use_all_data,
mapper=nems.fitters.mappers.simple_vector,
metric=None,
metaname='fit_basic', fit_kwargs={}, require_phi=True):
'''
Required Arguments:
data A recording object
modelspec A modelspec object
Optional Arguments:
fitter A function of (sigma, costfn) that tests various points,
in fitspace (i.e. sigmas) using the cost function costfn,
and hopefully returns a better sigma after some time.
mapper A class that has two methods, pack and unpack, which define
the mapping between modelspecs and a fitter's fitspace.
segmentor An function that selects a subset of the data during the
fitting process. This is NOT the same as est/val data splits
metric A function of a Recording that returns an error value
that is to be minimized.
Returns
A list containing a single modelspec, which has the best parameters found
by this fitter.
'''
start_time = time.time()
modelspec = copy.deepcopy(modelspec)
output_name = modelspec.meta.get('output_name', 'resp')
if metric is None:
metric = lambda data: metrics.nmse(data, 'pred', output_name)
if cost_function is None:
# Use the cost function defined in this module by default
cost_function = basic_cost
if require_phi:
# Ensure that phi exists for all modules;
# choose prior mean if not found
for i, m in enumerate(modelspec.modules):
if ('phi' not in m.keys()) and ('prior' in m.keys()):
log.debug('Phi not found for module, using mean of prior: %s', m)
m = nems.priors.set_mean_phi([m])[0] # Inits phi for 1 module
modelspec[i] = m
# apply mask to remove invalid portions of signals and allow fit to
# only evaluate the model on the valid portion of the signals
if 'mask' in data.signals.keys():
log.info("Data len pre-mask: %d", data['mask'].shape[1])
data = data.apply_mask()
log.info("Data len post-mask: %d", data['mask'].shape[1])
# turn on "fit mode". currently this serves one purpose, for normalization
# parameters to be re-fit for the output of each module that uses
# normalization. does nothing if normalization is not being used.
ms.fit_mode_on(modelspec, data)
# Create the mapper functions that translates to and from modelspecs.
# It has three functions that, when defined as mathematical functions, are:
# .pack(modelspec) -> fitspace_point
# .unpack(fitspace_point) -> modelspec
# .bounds(modelspec) -> fitspace_bounds
packer, unpacker, pack_bounds = mapper(modelspec)
# A function to evaluate the modelspec on the data
evaluator = nems.modelspec.evaluate
my_cost_function = cost_function
my_cost_function.counter = 0
# Freeze everything but sigma, since that's all the fitter should be
# updating.
cost_fn = partial(my_cost_function,
unpacker=unpacker, modelspec=modelspec,
data=data, segmentor=segmentor, evaluator=evaluator,
metric=metric)
# get initial sigma value representing some point in the fit space,
# and corresponding bounds for each value
sigma = packer(modelspec)
bounds = pack_bounds(modelspec)
# Results should be a list of modelspecs
# (might only be one in list, but still should be packaged as a list)
improved_sigma = fitter(sigma, cost_fn, bounds=bounds, **fit_kwargs)
improved_modelspec = unpacker(improved_sigma)
elapsed_time = (time.time() - start_time)
start_err = cost_fn(sigma)
final_err = cost_fn(improved_sigma)
log.info("Delta error: %.06f - %.06f = %e", start_err, final_err, final_err-start_err)
# TODO: Should this maybe be moved to a higher level
# so it applies to ALL the fittters?
ms.fit_mode_off(improved_modelspec)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fitter', metaname)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'n_parms',
len(improved_sigma))
if modelspec.fit_count == 1:
improved_modelspec.meta['fit_time'] = elapsed_time
improved_modelspec.meta['loss'] = final_err
else:
fit_index = modelspec.fit_index
if fit_index == 0:
improved_modelspec.meta['fit_time'] = np.zeros(improved_modelspec.fit_count)
improved_modelspec.meta['loss'] = np.zeros(improved_modelspec.fit_count)
improved_modelspec.meta['fit_time'][fit_index] = elapsed_time
improved_modelspec.meta['loss'][fit_index] = final_err
if type(improved_modelspec) is list:
return [copy.deepcopy(improved_modelspec)]
else:
return improved_modelspec.copy()
def init_dexp(rec, modelspec):
"""
choose initial values for dexp applied after preceeding fir is
initialized
"""
# preserve input modelspec
modelspec = copy.deepcopy(modelspec)
target_i = find_module('double_exponential', modelspec)
if target_i is None:
log.warning("No dexp module was found, can't initialize.")
return modelspec
if target_i == len(modelspec):
fit_portion = modelspec
else:
fit_portion = modelspec[:target_i]
# ensures all previous modules have their phi initialized
# choose prior mean if not found
for i, m in enumerate(fit_portion):
if ('phi' not in m.keys()) and ('prior' in m.keys()):
log.debug('Phi not found for module, using mean of prior: %s', m)
m = priors.set_mean_phi([m])[0] # Inits phi for 1 module
fit_portion[i] = m
# generate prediction from module preceeding dexp
ms.fit_mode_on(fit_portion)
rec = ms.evaluate(rec, fit_portion)
ms.fit_mode_off(fit_portion)
in_signal = modelspec[target_i]['fn_kwargs']['i']
pchans = rec[in_signal].shape[0]
amp = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
base = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
kappa = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
shift = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
for i in range(pchans):
resp = rec['resp'].as_continuous()
pred = rec[in_signal].as_continuous()[i:(i + 1), :]
if resp.shape[0] == pchans:
resp = resp[i:(i + 1), :]
keepidx = np.isfinite(resp) * np.isfinite(pred)
resp = resp[keepidx]
pred = pred[keepidx]
# choose phi s.t. dexp starts as almost a straight line
# phi=[max_out min_out slope mean_in]
# meanr = np.nanmean(resp)
stdr = np.nanstd(resp)
# base = np.max(np.array([meanr - stdr * 4, 0]))
base[i, 0] = np.min(resp)
# base = meanr - stdr * 3
# amp = np.max(resp) - np.min(resp)
amp[i, 0] = stdr * 3
shift[i, 0] = np.mean(pred)
# shift = (np.max(pred) + np.min(pred)) / 2
predrange = 2 / (np.max(pred) - np.min(pred) + 1)
kappa[i, 0] = np.log(predrange)
modelspec[target_i]['phi'] = {
'amplitude': amp,
'base': base,
'kappa': kappa,
'shift': shift
}
log.info("Init dexp: %s", modelspec[target_i]['phi'])
return modelspec
def fit_population_iteratively(
est, modelspec,
cost_function=basic_cost,
fitter=coordinate_descent, evaluator=ms.evaluate,
segmentor=nems.segmentors.use_all_data,
mapper=nems.fitters.mappers.simple_vector,
metric=lambda data: nems.metrics.api.nmse(data, 'pred', 'resp'),
metaname='fit_basic', fit_kwargs={},
module_sets=None, invert=False, tolerances=None, tol_iter=50,
fit_iter=10, IsReload=False, **context
):
'''
Required Arguments:
est A recording object
modelspec A modelspec object
Optional Arguments:
TODO: need to deal with the fact that you can't pass functions in an xforms-frieldly fucntion
fitter (CURRENTLY NOT USED?)
A function of (sigma, costfn) that tests various points,
in fitspace (i.e. sigmas) using the cost function costfn,
and hopefully returns a better sigma after some time.
mapper (CURRENTLY NOT USED?)
A class that has two methods, pack and unpack, which define
the mapping between modelspecs and a fitter's fitspace.
segmentor (CURRENTLY NOT USED?)
An function that selects a subset of the data during the
fitting process. This is NOT the same as est/val data splits
metric A function of a Recording that returns an error value
that is to be minimized.
module_sets (CURRENTLY NOT USED?)
A nested list specifying which model indices should be fit.
Overall iteration will occurr len(module_sets) many times.
ex: [[0], [1, 3], [0, 1, 2, 3]]
invert (CURRENTLY NOT USED?)
Boolean. Causes module_sets to specify the model indices
that should *not* be fit.
Returns
A list containing a single modelspec, which has the best parameters found
by this fitter.
'''
if IsReload:
return {}
modelspec = copy.deepcopy(modelspec)
data = est.copy()
fit_set_all, fit_set_slice = _figure_out_mod_split(modelspec)
if tolerances is None:
tolerances = [1e-4, 1e-5]
# apply mask to remove invalid portions of signals and allow fit to
# only evaluate the model on the valid portion of the signals
# then delete the mask signal so that it's not reapplied on each fit
if 'mask' in data.signals.keys():
log.info("Data len pre-mask: %d", data['mask'].shape[1])
data = data.apply_mask()
log.info("Data len post-mask: %d", data['mask'].shape[1])
del data.signals['mask']
start_time = time.time()
ms.fit_mode_on(modelspec, data)
# modelspec = init_pop_pca(data, modelspec)
# print(modelspec)
# Ensure that phi exists for all modules; choose prior mean if not found
# for i, m in enumerate(modelspec):
# if ('phi' not in m.keys()) and ('prior' in m.keys()):
# m = nems.priors.set_mean_phi([m])[0] # Inits phi for 1 module
# log.debug('Phi not found for module, using mean of prior: {}'
# .format(m))
# modelspec[i] = m
error = np.inf
slice_count = data['resp'].shape[0]
step_size = 0.1
if 'nonlinearity' in modelspec[-1]['fn']:
skip_nl_first = True
tolerances = [tolerances[0]] + tolerances
else:
skip_nl_first = False
for toli, tol in enumerate(tolerances):
log.info("Fitting subsets with tol: %.2E fit_iter %d tol_iter %d",
tol, fit_iter, tol_iter)
cd_kwargs = fit_kwargs.copy()
cd_kwargs.update({'tolerance': tol, 'max_iter': fit_iter,
'step_size': step_size})
sp_kwargs = fit_kwargs.copy()
sp_kwargs.update({'tolerance': tol, 'max_iter': fit_iter})
if (toli == 0) and skip_nl_first:
log.info('skipping nl on first tolerance loop')
saved_modelspec = copy.deepcopy(modelspec)
saved_fit_set_slice = fit_set_slice.copy()
# import pdb;
# pdb.set_trace()
modelspec.pop_module()
fit_set_slice = fit_set_slice[:-1]
inner_i = 0
error_reduction = np.inf
# big_slice = 0
# big_n = data['resp'].ntimes
# big_step = int(big_n/10)
# big_slice_size = int(big_n/2)
while (error_reduction >= tol) and (inner_i < tol_iter):
log.info("(%d) Tol %.2e: Loop %d/%d (max)",
toli, tol, inner_i, tol_iter)
improved_modelspec = copy.deepcopy(modelspec)
cc = 0
slist = list(range(slice_count))
# random.shuffle(slist)
for i, m in enumerate(modelspec):
if i in fit_set_all:
log.info(m['fn'] + ": fitting")
else:
log.info(m['fn'] + ": frozen")
# partially implemented: select temporal subset of data for fitting
# on current loop.
# data2 = data.copy()
# big_slice += 1
# sl = np.zeros(big_n, dtype=bool)
# sl[:big_slice_size]=True
# sl = np.roll(sl, big_step*big_slice)
# log.info('Sampling temporal subset %d (size=%d/%d)', big_step, big_slice_size, big_n)
# for s in data2.signals.values():
# e = s._modified_copy(s._data[:,sl])
# data2[e.name] = e
# improved_modelspec = init.prefit_mod_subset(
# data, improved_modelspec, analysis.fit_basic,
# metric=metric,
# fit_set=fit_set_all,
# fit_kwargs=sp_kwargs)
improved_modelspec = fit_population_channel_fast2(
data, improved_modelspec, fit_set_all, fit_set_slice,
analysis_function=analysis.fit_basic,
metric=metric,
fitter=scipy_minimize, fit_kwargs=sp_kwargs)
for s in slist:
log.info('Slice %d set %s' % (s, fit_set_slice))
improved_modelspec = fit_population_slice(
data, improved_modelspec, slice=s,
fit_set=fit_set_slice,
analysis_function=analysis.fit_basic,
metric=metric,
fitter=scipy_minimize,
fit_kwargs=sp_kwargs)
# fitter = coordinate_descent,
# fit_kwargs = cd_kwargs)
cc += 1
# if (cc % 8 == 0) or (cc == slice_count):
data = ms.evaluate(data, improved_modelspec)
new_error = metric(data)
error_reduction = error - new_error
error = new_error
log.info("tol=%.2E, iter=%d/%d: deltaE=%.6E",
tol, inner_i, tol_iter, error_reduction)
inner_i += 1
if error_reduction > 0:
modelspec = improved_modelspec
log.info("Done with tol %.2E (i=%d, max_error_reduction %.7f)",
tol, inner_i, error_reduction)
if (toli == 0) and skip_nl_first:
log.info('Restoring NL module after first tol loop')
modelspec.append(saved_modelspec[-1])
fit_set_slice = saved_fit_set_slice
if 'double_exponential' in saved_modelspec[-1]['fn']:
modelspec = init.init_dexp(data, modelspec)
elif 'logistic_sigmoid' in saved_modelspec[-1]['fn']:
modelspec = init.init_logsig(data, modelspec)
elif 'relu' in saved_modelspec[-1]['fn']:
# just keep initialized to zero
pass
else:
raise ValueError("Output NL %s not supported",
saved_modelspec[-1]['fn'])
# just fit the NL
improved_modelspec = copy.deepcopy(modelspec)
kwa = cd_kwargs.copy()
kwa['max_iter'] *= 2
for s in range(slice_count):
log.info('Slice %d set %s' % (s, [fit_set_slice[-1]]))
improved_modelspec = fit_population_slice(
data, improved_modelspec, slice=s,
fit_set=fit_set_slice,
analysis_function=analysis.fit_basic,
metric=metric,
fitter=scipy_minimize,
fit_kwargs=sp_kwargs)
# fitter = coordinate_descent,
# fit_kwargs = cd_kwargs)
data = ms.evaluate(data, modelspec)
old_error = metric(data)
data = ms.evaluate(data, improved_modelspec)
new_error = metric(data)
log.info('Init NL fit error change %.5f-%.5f = %.5f',
old_error, new_error, old_error-new_error)
modelspec = improved_modelspec
else:
step_size *= 0.25
elapsed_time = (time.time() - start_time)
# TODO: Should this maybe be moved to a higher level
# so it applies to ALL the fittters?
ms.fit_mode_off(improved_modelspec)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fitter', metaname)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fit_time', elapsed_time)
return {'modelspec': improved_modelspec.copy()}
def init_dexp(rec, modelspec):
"""
choose initial values for dexp applied after preceeding fir is
initialized
"""
# preserve input modelspec
modelspec = copy.deepcopy(modelspec)
target_i = find_module('double_exponential', modelspec)
if target_i is None:
log.warning("No dexp module was found, can't initialize.")
return modelspec
if target_i == len(modelspec):
fit_portion = modelspec
else:
fit_portion = modelspec[:target_i]
# generate prediction from module preceeding dexp
ms.fit_mode_on(fit_portion)
rec = ms.evaluate(rec, fit_portion)
ms.fit_mode_off(fit_portion)
pchans = rec['pred'].shape[0]
amp = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
base = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
kappa = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
shift = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
for i in range(pchans):
resp = rec['resp'].as_continuous()
pred = rec['pred'].as_continuous()[i:(i + 1), :]
keepidx = np.isfinite(resp) * np.isfinite(pred)
resp = resp[keepidx]
pred = pred[keepidx]
# choose phi s.t. dexp starts as almost a straight line
# phi=[max_out min_out slope mean_in]
# meanr = np.nanmean(resp)
stdr = np.nanstd(resp)
# base = np.max(np.array([meanr - stdr * 4, 0]))
base[i, 0] = np.min(resp)
# base = meanr - stdr * 3
# amp = np.max(resp) - np.min(resp)
amp[i, 0] = stdr * 3
shift[i, 0] = np.mean(pred)
# shift = (np.max(pred) + np.min(pred)) / 2
predrange = 2 / (np.max(pred) - np.min(pred) + 1)
kappa[i, 0] = np.log(predrange)
modelspec[target_i]['phi'] = {
'amplitude': amp,
'base': base,
'kappa': kappa,
'shift': shift
}
log.info("Init dexp: %s", modelspec[target_i]['phi'])
return modelspec
def fit_iteratively(
data,
modelspec,
cost_function=basic_cost,
fitter=coordinate_descent,
evaluator=ms.evaluate,
segmentor=nems.segmentors.use_all_data,
mapper=nems.fitters.mappers.simple_vector,
metric=lambda data: nems.metrics.api.nmse(data, 'pred', 'resp'),
metaname='fit_basic',
fit_kwargs={},
module_sets=None,
invert=False,
tolerances=None,
tol_iter=50,
fit_iter=10,
):
'''
Required Arguments:
data A recording object
modelspec A modelspec object
Optional Arguments:
fitter A function of (sigma, costfn) that tests various points,
in fitspace (i.e. sigmas) using the cost function costfn,
and hopefully returns a better sigma after some time.
mapper A class that has two methods, pack and unpack, which define
the mapping between modelspecs and a fitter's fitspace.
segmentor An function that selects a subset of the data during the
fitting process. This is NOT the same as est/val data splits
metric A function of a Recording that returns an error value
that is to be minimized.
module_sets A nested list specifying which model indices should be fit.
Overall iteration will occurr len(module_sets) many times.
ex: [[0], [1, 3], [0, 1, 2, 3]]
invert Boolean. Causes module_sets to specify the model indices
that should *not* be fit.
Returns
A list containing a single modelspec, which has the best parameters found
by this fitter.
'''
if module_sets is None:
module_sets = []
for i, m in enumerate(modelspec):
if 'prior' in m.keys():
if 'levelshift' in m['fn'] and 'fir' in modelspec[i - 1]['fn']:
# group levelshift with preceding fir filter by default
module_sets[-1].append(i)
else:
# otherwise just fit each module separately
module_sets.append([i])
log.info('Fit sets: %s', module_sets)
if tolerances is None:
tolerances = [1e-6]
# apply mask to remove invalid portions of signals and allow fit to
# only evaluate the model on the valid portion of the signals
if 'mask' in data.signals.keys():
log.info("Data len pre-mask: %d", data['mask'].shape[1])
data = data.apply_mask()
log.info("Data len post-mask: %d", data['mask'].shape[1])
start_time = time.time()
ms.fit_mode_on(modelspec)
# Ensure that phi exists for all modules; choose prior mean if not found
for i, m in enumerate(modelspec):
if ('phi' not in m.keys()) and ('prior' in m.keys()):
m = nems.priors.set_mean_phi([m])[0] # Inits phi for 1 module
log.debug(
'Phi not found for module, using mean of prior: {}'.format(m))
modelspec[i] = m
error = np.inf
for tol in tolerances:
log.info("Fitting subsets with tol: %.2E fit_iter %d tol_iter %d", tol,
fit_iter, tol_iter)
fit_kwargs.update({'tolerance': tol, 'max_iter': fit_iter})
max_error_reduction = np.inf
i = 0
while (max_error_reduction >= tol) and (i < tol_iter):
max_error_reduction = 0
j = 0
for subset in module_sets:
improved_modelspec = _module_set_loop(subset, data, modelspec,
cost_function, fitter,
mapper, segmentor,
evaluator, metric,
fit_kwargs)
new_error = cost_function.error
error_reduction = error - new_error
error = new_error
j += 1
if error_reduction > max_error_reduction:
max_error_reduction = error_reduction
log.info("tol=%.2E, iter=%d/%d: max deltaE=%.6E", tol, i, tol_iter,
max_error_reduction)
i += 1
log.info("Done with tol %.2E (i=%d, max_error_reduction %.7f)", tol, i,
error_reduction)
elapsed_time = (time.time() - start_time)
# TODO: Should this maybe be moved to a higher level
# so it applies to ALL the fittters?
ms.fit_mode_off(improved_modelspec)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fitter', metaname)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fit_time', elapsed_time)
results = [copy.deepcopy(improved_modelspec)]
return results
def fit_pcnorm(modelspec,
est: recording.Recording,
metric=None,
use_modelspec_init: bool = True,
optimizer: str = 'adam',
max_iter: int = 10000,
early_stopping_steps: int = 5,
tolerance: float = 5e-4,
learning_rate: float = 1e-4,
batch_size: typing.Union[None, int] = None,
seed: int = 0,
initializer: str = 'random_normal',
freeze_layers: typing.Union[None, list] = None,
epoch_name: str = "REFERENCE",
n_pcs=2,
**context):
'''
Required Arguments:
est A recording object
modelspec A modelspec object
Optional Arguments:
<copied from fit_tf for now
Returns
dictionary: {'modelspec': updated_modelspec}
'''
# Hard-coded
cost_function = basic_cost
fitter = scipy_minimize
segmentor = nems.segmentors.use_all_data
mapper = nems.fitters.mappers.simple_vector
fit_kwargs = {'tolerance': tolerance, 'max_iter': max_iter}
start_time = time.time()
modelspec = copy.deepcopy(modelspec)
# apply mask to remove invalid portions of signals and allow fit to
# only evaluate the model on the valid portion of the signals
if 'mask' in est.signals.keys():
log.info("Data len pre-mask: %d", est['mask'].shape[1])
est = est.apply_mask()
log.info("Data len post-mask: %d", est['mask'].shape[1])
conditions = [
"_".join(k.split("_")[1:]) for k in est.signals.keys()
if k.startswith("mask_")
]
if (len(conditions) > 2) and any(
[c.split("_")[-1] == 'lg' for c in conditions]):
conditions.remove("small")
conditions.remove("large")
#conditions = conditions[0:2]
#conditions = ['large','small']
group_idx = [est['mask_' + c].as_continuous()[0, :] for c in conditions]
cg_filtered = [(c, g) for c, g in zip(conditions, group_idx)
if g.sum() > 0]
conditions, group_idx = zip(*cg_filtered)
for c, g in zip(conditions, group_idx):
log.info(f"Data subset for {c} len {g.sum()}")
resp = est['resp'].as_continuous()
pred0 = est['pred0'].as_continuous()
residual = resp - pred0
pca = PCA(n_components=n_pcs)
pca.fit(residual.T)
pc_axes = pca.components_
pcproj = residual.T.dot(pc_axes.T).T
group_pc = [pcproj[:, idx].std(axis=1) for idx in group_idx]
resp_std = resp.std(axis=1)
#import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
if metric is None:
metric = lambda d: pc_err(d,
pred_name='pred',
pred0_name='pred0',
group_idx=group_idx,
group_pc=group_pc,
pc_axes=pc_axes,
resp_std=resp_std)
# turn on "fit mode". currently this serves one purpose, for normalization
# parameters to be re-fit for the output of each module that uses
# normalization. does nothing if normalization is not being used.
ms.fit_mode_on(modelspec, est)
# Create the mapper functions that translates to and from modelspecs.
# It has three functions that, when defined as mathematical functions, are:
# .pack(modelspec) -> fitspace_point
# .unpack(fitspace_point) -> modelspec
# .bounds(modelspec) -> fitspace_bounds
packer, unpacker, pack_bounds = mapper(modelspec)
# A function to evaluate the modelspec on the data
evaluator = nems.modelspec.evaluate
my_cost_function = cost_function
my_cost_function.counter = 0
# Freeze everything but sigma, since that's all the fitter should be
# updating.
cost_fn = partial(my_cost_function,
unpacker=unpacker,
modelspec=modelspec,
data=est,
segmentor=segmentor,
evaluator=evaluator,
metric=metric,
display_N=1000)
# get initial sigma value representing some point in the fit space,
# and corresponding bounds for each value
sigma = packer(modelspec)
bounds = pack_bounds(modelspec)
# Results should be a list of modelspecs
# (might only be one in list, but still should be packaged as a list)
improved_sigma = fitter(sigma, cost_fn, bounds=bounds, **fit_kwargs)
improved_modelspec = unpacker(improved_sigma)
elapsed_time = (time.time() - start_time)
start_err = cost_fn(sigma)
final_err = cost_fn(improved_sigma)
log.info("Delta error: %.06f - %.06f = %e", start_err, final_err,
final_err - start_err)
# TODO: Should this maybe be moved to a higher level
# so it applies to ALL the fittters?
ms.fit_mode_off(improved_modelspec)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fitter', 'ccnorm')
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'fit_time', elapsed_time)
ms.set_modelspec_metadata(improved_modelspec, 'n_parms',
len(improved_sigma))
return {'modelspec': improved_modelspec.copy(), 'save_context': True}
def fit_ccnorm(modelspec,
est: recording.Recording,
metric=None,
use_modelspec_init: bool = True,
optimizer: str = 'adam',
max_iter: int = 10000,
early_stopping_steps: int = 5,
tolerance: float = 5e-4,
learning_rate: float = 1e-4,
batch_size: typing.Union[None, int] = None,
seed: int = 0,
initializer: str = 'random_normal',
freeze_layers: typing.Union[None, list] = None,
epoch_name: str = "REFERENCE",
shrink_cc: float = 0,
noise_pcs: int = 0,
shared_pcs: int = 0,
also_fit_resp: bool = False,
force_psth: bool = False,
use_metric: typing.Union[None, str] = None,
alpha: float = 0.1,
beta: float = 1,
exclude_idx=None,
exclude_after=None,
freeze_idx=None,
freeze_after=None,
**context):
'''
Required Arguments:
est A recording object
modelspec A modelspec object
Optional Arguments:
<copied from fit_tf for now
Returns
dictionary: {'modelspec': updated_modelspec}
'''
# Hard-coded
cost_function = basic_cost
fitter = scipy_minimize
segmentor = nems.segmentors.use_all_data
mapper = nems.fitters.mappers.simple_vector
fit_kwargs = {'tolerance': tolerance, 'max_iter': max_iter}
start_time = time.time()
fit_index = modelspec.fit_index
if (exclude_idx is not None) | (freeze_idx is not None) | \
(exclude_after is not None) | (freeze_after is not None):
modelspec0 = modelspec.copy()
modelspec, include_set = modelspec_freeze_layers(
modelspec,
include_idx=None,
exclude_idx=exclude_idx,
exclude_after=exclude_after,
freeze_idx=freeze_idx,
freeze_after=freeze_after)
modelspec0.set_fit(fit_index)
modelspec.set_fit(fit_index)
else:
include_set = None
# Computing PCs before masking out unwanted stimuli in order to
# preserve match with epochs
epoch_regex = "^STIM_"
stims = (est.epochs['name'].value_counts() >= 8)
stims = [
stims.index[i] for i, s in enumerate(stims)
if bool(re.search(epoch_regex, stims.index[i])) and s == True
]
Rall_u = est.apply_mask()['psth'].as_continuous().T
# can't simply extract evoked for refs because can be longer/shorted if it came after target
# and / or if it was the last stim. So, masking prestim / postim doesn't work. Do it manually
#d = est['resp'].extract_epochs(stims, mask=est['mask'])
#R = [v.mean(axis=0) for (k, v) in d.items()]
#R = [np.reshape(np.transpose(v,[1,0,2]),[v.shape[1],-1]) for (k, v) in d.items()]
#Rall_u = np.hstack(R).T
pca = PCA(n_components=2)
pca.fit(Rall_u)
pc_axes = pca.components_
# apply mask to remove invalid portions of signals and allow fit to
# only evaluate the model on the valid portion of the signals
if 'mask_small' in est.signals.keys():
log.info('reseting mask with mask_small+mask_large subset')
est['mask'] = est['mask']._modified_copy(data=est['mask_small']._data +
est['mask_large']._data)
if 'mask' in est.signals.keys():
log.info("Data len pre-mask: %d", est['mask'].shape[1])
est = est.apply_mask()
log.info("Data len post-mask: %d", est['mask'].shape[1])
# if we want to fit to first-order cc error.
#uncomment this and make sure sdexp is generating a pred0 signal
est = modelspec.evaluate(est, stop=2)
if ('pred0' in est.signals.keys()) & (not force_psth):
input_name = 'pred0'
log.info('Found pred0 for fitting CC')
else:
input_name = 'psth'
log.info('No pred0, using psth for fitting CC')
conditions = [
"_".join(k.split("_")[1:]) for k in est.signals.keys()
if k.startswith("mask_")
]
if (len(conditions) > 2) and any(
[c.split("_")[-1] == 'lg' for c in conditions]):
conditions.remove("small")
conditions.remove("large")
#conditions = conditions[0:2]
#conditions = ['large','small']
group_idx = [est['mask_' + c].as_continuous()[0, :] for c in conditions]
cg_filtered = [(c, g) for c, g in zip(conditions, group_idx)
if g.sum() > 0]
conditions, group_idx = zip(*cg_filtered)
for c, g in zip(conditions, group_idx):
log.info(f"cc data for {c} len {g.sum()}")
resp = est['resp'].as_continuous()
pred0 = est[input_name].as_continuous()
#import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
if shrink_cc > 0:
log.info(f'cc approx: shrink_cc={shrink_cc}')
group_cc = [
cc_shrink(resp[:, idx] - pred0[:, idx], sigrat=shrink_cc)
for idx in group_idx
]
elif shared_pcs > 0:
log.info(f'cc approx: shared_pcs={shared_pcs}')
cc = np.cov(resp - pred0)
u, s, vh = np.linalg.svd(cc)
U = u[:, :shared_pcs] @ u[:, :shared_pcs].T
group_cc = [
cc_shared_space(resp[:, idx] - pred0[:, idx], U)
for idx in group_idx
]
elif noise_pcs > 0:
log.info(f'cc approx: noise_pcs={noise_pcs}')
group_cc = [
cc_lowrank(resp[:, idx] - pred0[:, idx], n_pcs=noise_pcs)
for idx in group_idx
]
else:
group_cc = [np.cov(resp[:, idx] - pred0[:, idx]) for idx in group_idx]
group_cc_raw = [np.cov(resp[:, idx] - pred0[:, idx]) for idx in group_idx]
# variance of projection onto PCs (PCs computed above before masking)
pcproj0 = (resp - pred0).T.dot(pc_axes.T).T
pcproj_std = pcproj0.std(axis=1)
if (use_metric == 'cc_err_w'):
def metric(d, verbose=False):
return metrics.cc_err_w(d,
pred_name='pred',
pred0_name=input_name,
group_idx=group_idx,
group_cc=group_cc,
alpha=alpha,
pcproj_std=None,
pc_axes=None,
verbose=verbose)
log.info(f"fit_ccnorm metric: cc_err_w (alpha={alpha})")
elif (metric is None) and also_fit_resp:
log.info(f"resp_cc_err: pred0_name: {input_name} beta: {beta}")
metric = lambda d: metrics.resp_cc_err(d,
pred_name='pred',
pred0_name=input_name,
group_idx=group_idx,
group_cc=group_cc,
beta=beta,
pcproj_std=None,
pc_axes=None)
elif (use_metric == 'cc_err_md'):
def metric(d, verbose=False):
return metrics.cc_err_md(d,
pred_name='pred',
pred0_name=input_name,
group_idx=group_idx,
group_cc=group_cc,
pcproj_std=None,
pc_axes=None)
log.info(f"fit_ccnorm metric: cc_err_md")
elif (metric is None):
#def cc_err(result, pred_name='pred_lv', resp_name='resp', pred0_name='pred',
# group_idx=None, group_cc=None, pcproj_std=None, pc_axes=None):
# current implementation of cc_err
metric = lambda d: metrics.cc_err(d,
pred_name='pred',
pred0_name=input_name,
group_idx=group_idx,
group_cc=group_cc,
pcproj_std=None,
pc_axes=None)
log.info(f"fit_ccnorm metric: cc_err")
# turn on "fit mode". currently this serves one purpose, for normalization
# parameters to be re-fit for the output of each module that uses
# normalization. does nothing if normalization is not being used.
ms.fit_mode_on(modelspec, est)
# Create the mapper functions that translates to and from modelspecs.
# It has three functions that, when defined as mathematical functions, are:
# .pack(modelspec) -> fitspace_point
# .unpack(fitspace_point) -> modelspec
# .bounds(modelspec) -> fitspace_bounds
packer, unpacker, pack_bounds = mapper(modelspec)
# A function to evaluate the modelspec on the data
evaluator = nems.modelspec.evaluate
my_cost_function = cost_function
my_cost_function.counter = 0
# Freeze everything but sigma, since that's all the fitter should be
# updating.
cost_fn = partial(my_cost_function,
unpacker=unpacker,
modelspec=modelspec,
data=est,
segmentor=segmentor,
evaluator=evaluator,
metric=metric,
display_N=1000)
# get initial sigma value representing some point in the fit space,
# and corresponding bounds for each value
sigma = packer(modelspec)
bounds = pack_bounds(modelspec)
# Results should be a list of modelspecs
# (might only be one in list, but still should be packaged as a list)
improved_sigma = fitter(sigma, cost_fn, bounds=bounds, **fit_kwargs)
improved_modelspec = unpacker(improved_sigma)
elapsed_time = (time.time() - start_time)
start_err = cost_fn(sigma)
final_err = cost_fn(improved_sigma)
log.info("Delta error: %.06f - %.06f = %e", start_err, final_err,
final_err - start_err)
# TODO: Should this maybe be moved to a higher level
# so it applies to ALL the fittters?
ms.fit_mode_off(improved_modelspec)
if include_set is not None:
# pull out updated phi values from improved_modelspec, include_set only
improved_modelspec = \
modelspec_unfreeze_layers(improved_modelspec, modelspec0, include_set)
improved_modelspec.set_fit(fit_index)
log.info(
f"Updating improved modelspec with fit_idx={improved_modelspec.fit_index}"
)
improved_modelspec.meta['fitter'] = 'ccnorm'
improved_modelspec.meta['n_parms'] = len(improved_sigma)
if modelspec.fit_count == 1:
improved_modelspec.meta['fit_time'] = elapsed_time
improved_modelspec.meta['loss'] = final_err
else:
if modelspec.fit_index == 0:
improved_modelspec.meta['fit_time'] = np.zeros(
improved_modelspec.fit_count)
improved_modelspec.meta['loss'] = np.zeros(
improved_modelspec.fit_count)
improved_modelspec.meta['fit_time'][fit_index] = elapsed_time
improved_modelspec.meta['loss'][fit_index] = final_err
return {'modelspec': improved_modelspec}
def _init_double_exponential(rec, modelspec, target_i):
if target_i == len(modelspec):
fit_portion = modelspec.modules
else:
fit_portion = modelspec.modules[:target_i]
# generate prediction from modules preceeding dsig
# HACK
for i, m in enumerate(fit_portion):
if not m.get('phi', None):
old = m.get('prior', {})
m = priors.set_mean_phi([m])[0]
m['prior'] = old
fit_portion[i] = m
ms.fit_mode_on(fit_portion)
rec = ms.evaluate(rec, fit_portion)
ms.fit_mode_off(fit_portion)
in_signal = modelspec[target_i]['fn_kwargs']['i']
pchans = rec[in_signal].shape[0]
amp = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
base = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
kappa = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
shift = np.zeros([pchans, 1])
for i in range(pchans):
resp = rec['resp'].as_continuous()
pred = rec[in_signal].as_continuous()[i:(i + 1), :]
if resp.shape[0] == pchans:
resp = resp[i:(i + 1), :]
keepidx = np.isfinite(resp) * np.isfinite(pred)
resp = resp[keepidx]
pred = pred[keepidx]
# choose phi s.t. dexp starts as almost a straight line
# phi=[max_out min_out slope mean_in]
# meanr = np.nanmean(resp)
stdr = np.nanstd(resp)
# base = np.max(np.array([meanr - stdr * 4, 0]))
base[i, 0] = np.min(resp)
# base = meanr - stdr * 3
# amp = np.max(resp) - np.min(resp)
amp[i, 0] = stdr * 3
shift[i, 0] = np.mean(pred)
# shift = (np.max(pred) + np.min(pred)) / 2
predrange = 2 / (np.max(pred) - np.min(pred) + 1)
kappa[i, 0] = np.log(predrange)
amp = ('Normal', {'mean': amp, 'sd': 1.0})
base = ('Normal', {'mean': base, 'sd': 1.0})
kappa = ('Normal', {'mean': kappa, 'sd': 1.0})
shift = ('Normal', {'mean': shift, 'sd': 1.0})
modelspec[target_i]['prior'].update({
'base': base,
'amplitude': amp,
'shift': shift,
'kappa': kappa,
})
return modelspec
def _init_logistic_sigmoid(rec, modelspec, dsig_idx):
if dsig_idx == len(modelspec):
fit_portion = modelspec.modules
else:
fit_portion = modelspec.modules[:dsig_idx]
# generate prediction from module preceeding dexp
# HACK to get phi for ctwc, ctfir, ctlvl which have not been prefit yet
for i, m in enumerate(fit_portion):
if not m.get('phi', None):
if [k in m['id'] for k in ['ctwc', 'ctfir', 'ctlvl']]:
old = m.get('prior', {})
m = priors.set_mean_phi([m])[0]
m['prior'] = old
fit_portion[i] = m
else:
log.warning(
"unexpected module missing phi during init step\n:"
"%s, #%d", m['id'], i)
ms.fit_mode_on(fit_portion)
rec = ms.evaluate(rec, fit_portion)
ms.fit_mode_off(fit_portion)
pred = rec['pred'].as_continuous()
resp = rec['resp'].as_continuous()
mean_pred = np.nanmean(pred)
min_pred = np.nanmean(pred) - np.nanstd(pred) * 3
max_pred = np.nanmean(pred) + np.nanstd(pred) * 3
if min_pred < 0:
min_pred = 0
mean_pred = (min_pred + max_pred) / 2
pred_range = max_pred - min_pred
min_resp = max(np.nanmean(resp) - np.nanstd(resp) * 3, 0) # must be >= 0
max_resp = np.nanmean(resp) + np.nanstd(resp) * 3
resp_range = max_resp - min_resp
# Rather than setting a hard value for initial phi,
# set the prior distributions and let the fitter/analysis
# decide how to use it.
base0 = min_resp + 0.05 * (resp_range)
amplitude0 = resp_range
shift0 = mean_pred
kappa0 = pred_range
log.info("Initial base,amplitude,shift,kappa=({}, {}, {}, {})".format(
base0, amplitude0, shift0, kappa0))
base = ('Exponential', {'beta': base0})
amplitude = ('Exponential', {'beta': amplitude0})
shift = ('Normal', {'mean': shift0, 'sd': pred_range**2})
kappa = ('Exponential', {'beta': kappa0})
modelspec[dsig_idx]['prior'].update({
'base': base,
'amplitude': amplitude,
'shift': shift,
'kappa': kappa,
'base_mod': base,
'amplitude_mod': amplitude,
'shift_mod': shift,
'kappa_mod': kappa
})
for kw in modelspec[dsig_idx]['fn_kwargs']:
if kw in ['base_mod', 'amplitude_mod', 'shift_mod', 'kappa_mod']:
modelspec[dsig_idx]['prior'].pop(kw)
modelspec[dsig_idx]['bounds'] = {
'base': (1e-15, None),
'amplitude': (1e-15, None),
'shift': (None, None),
'kappa': (1e-15, None),
}
return modelspec
