コード例 #1
0
def update_metadata(metadata):
    """Update information about the process + versioning"""
    metadata.setdefault("user", getpass.getuser())
    metadata["orion_version"] = orion.core.__version__

    if not metadata.get("user_args"):
        return metadata

    cmdline_parser = OrionCmdlineParser()
    cmdline_parser.set_state_dict(metadata["parser"])

    if cmdline_parser.user_script:
        # TODO: Remove this, it is all in cmdline_parser now
        metadata["user_script"] = cmdline_parser.user_script
        metadata["VCS"] = infer_versioning_metadata(cmdline_parser.user_script)

    return metadata
コード例 #2
0
class Consumer(object):
    """Consume a trial by using it to initialize a black-box box to evaluate it.

    It uses an `Experiment` object to push an evaluated trial, if results are
    delivered to the worker process successfully.

    It forks another process which executes user's script with the suggested
    options. It expects results to be written in a **JSON** file, whose path
    has been defined in a special orion environmental variable which is set
    into the child process' environment.

    """
    def __init__(self, experiment):
        """Initialize a consumer.

        :param experiment: Manager of this experiment, provides convenient
           interface for interacting with the database.
        """
        log.debug("Creating Consumer object.")
        self.experiment = experiment
        self.space = experiment.space
        if self.space is None:
            raise RuntimeError(
                "Experiment object provided to Consumer has not yet completed"
                " initialization.")

        # Fetch space builder
        self.template_builder = OrionCmdlineParser(
            orion.core.config.user_script_config)
        self.template_builder.set_state_dict(experiment.metadata['parser'])
        # Get path to user's script and infer trial configuration directory
        if experiment.working_dir:
            self.working_dir = os.path.abspath(experiment.working_dir)
        else:
            self.working_dir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), 'orion')

        self.script_path = experiment.metadata['user_script']

        self.pacemaker = None

    def consume(self, trial):
        """Execute user's script as a block box using the options contained
        within `trial`.

        :type trial: `orion.core.worker.trial.Trial`

        """
        log.debug("### Create new directory at '%s':", self.working_dir)
        temp_dir = self.experiment.working_dir is None
        prefix = self.experiment.name + "_"
        suffix = trial.id

        try:
            with WorkingDir(self.working_dir,
                            temp_dir,
                            prefix=prefix,
                            suffix=suffix) as workdirname:
                log.debug("## New consumer context: %s", workdirname)
                trial.working_dir = workdirname

                results_file = self._consume(trial, workdirname)

                log.debug(
                    "## Parse results from file and fill corresponding Trial object."
                )
                self.experiment.update_completed_trial(trial, results_file)

        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            log.debug("### Save %s as interrupted.", trial)
            self.experiment.set_trial_status(trial, status='interrupted')
            raise

        except ExecutionError:
            log.debug("### Save %s as broken.", trial)
            self.experiment.set_trial_status(trial, status='broken')

    def get_execution_environment(self, trial, results_file='results.log'):
        """Set a few environment variables to allow users and
        underlying processes to know if they are running under orion.

        Parameters
        ----------
        results_file: str
           file used to store results, this is only used by the legacy protocol
        trial: Trial
           reference to the trial object that is going to be run

        Notes
        -----
        This function defines the environment variables described below

        .. envvar:: ORION_EXPERIMENT_ID

           Current experiment that is being ran.

        .. envvar::  ORION_EXPERIMENT_NAME

           Name of the experiment the worker is currently working on.

        .. envvar::  ORION_EXPERIMENT_VERSION

           Version of the experiment the worker is currently working on.

        .. envvar:: ORION_TRIAL_ID

           Current trial id that is currently being executed in this process.

        .. envvar:: ORION_WORKING_DIRECTORY

           Trial's current working directory.

        .. envvar:: ORION_RESULTS_PATH

           Trial's results file that is read by the legacy protocol to get the results of the trial
           after a successful run.

        """
        env = dict(os.environ)

        env['ORION_EXPERIMENT_ID'] = str(self.experiment.id)
        env['ORION_EXPERIMENT_NAME'] = str(self.experiment.name)
        env['ORION_EXPERIMENT_VERSION'] = str(self.experiment.version)
        env['ORION_TRIAL_ID'] = str(trial.id)

        env['ORION_WORKING_DIR'] = str(trial.working_dir)
        env['ORION_RESULTS_PATH'] = str(results_file)

        return env

    def _consume(self, trial, workdirname):
        config_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w',
                                                  prefix='trial_',
                                                  suffix='.conf',
                                                  dir=workdirname,
                                                  delete=False)
        config_file.close()
        log.debug("## New temp config file: %s", config_file.name)
        results_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w',
                                                   prefix='results_',
                                                   suffix='.log',
                                                   dir=workdirname,
                                                   delete=False)
        results_file.close()
        log.debug("## New temp results file: %s", results_file.name)

        log.debug(
            "## Building command line argument and configuration for trial.")
        env = self.get_execution_environment(trial, results_file.name)
        cmd_args = self.template_builder.format(config_file.name, trial,
                                                self.experiment)

        log.debug(
            "## Launch user's script as a subprocess and wait for finish.")

        self.pacemaker = TrialPacemaker(trial)
        self.pacemaker.start()
        try:
            self.execute_process(cmd_args, env)
        finally:
            # merciless
            self.pacemaker.stop()

        return results_file

    def execute_process(self, cmd_args, environ):
        """Facilitate launching a black-box trial."""
        command = [self.script_path] + cmd_args

        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, _handler)
        process = subprocess.Popen(command, env=environ)

        return_code = process.wait()
        if return_code != 0:
            raise ExecutionError("Something went wrong. Check logs. Process "
                                 "returned with code {} !".format(return_code))
コード例 #3
0
def test_set_state_dict(
    parser: OrionCmdlineParser,
    commandline: List[str],
    json_config: List[str],
    tmp_path: Path,
    json_converter,
    weird_argument: WeirdArgument,
):
    """Test that set_state_dict sets state properly to generate new config."""
    cmd_args = json_config
    cmd_args.extend(commandline)

    temp_parser: Optional[OrionCmdlineParser] = parser
    assert temp_parser is not None
    temp_parser.parse(cmd_args)

    state = temp_parser.get_state_dict()
    temp_parser = None

    blank_parser = OrionCmdlineParser(allow_non_existing_files=True)
    blank_parser.set_state_dict(state)

    trial = Trial(
        params=[
            {"name": "/lr", "type": "real", "value": -2.4},
            {"name": "/prior", "type": "categorical", "value": "sgd"},
            {"name": "/layers/1/width", "type": "integer", "value": 100},
            {"name": "/layers/1/type", "type": "categorical", "value": "relu"},
            {"name": "/layers/2/type", "type": "categorical", "value": "sigmoid"},
            {"name": "/training/lr0", "type": "real", "value": 0.032},
            {"name": "/training/mbs", "type": "integer", "value": 64},
            {"name": "/something-same", "type": "categorical", "value": "3"},
            {"name": "/a.b", "type": "real", "value": 0.2},
            {
                "name": f"/{weird_argument.name}",
                "type": weird_argument.prior_type,
                "value": weird_argument.value,
            },
        ]
    )

    output_file = str(tmp_path / "output.json")

    cmd_inst = blank_parser.format(output_file, trial)

    assert cmd_inst == [
        "--config",
        output_file,
        "--seed",
        "555",
        "--lr",
        "-2.4",
        "--non-prior",
        "choices({'sgd': 0.2, 'adam': 0.8})",
        "--prior",
        "sgd",
        "--a.b",
        "0.2",
        f"--{weird_argument.name}",
        f"{weird_argument.value}",
    ]

    output_data = json_converter.parse(output_file)
    assert output_data == {
        "yo": 5,
        "training": {"lr0": 0.032, "mbs": 64},
        "layers": [
            {"width": 64, "type": "relu"},
            {"width": 100, "type": "relu"},
            {"width": 16, "type": "sigmoid"},
        ],
        "something-same": "3",
    }
コード例 #4
0
def test_set_state_dict(parser, commandline, json_config, tmpdir,
                        json_converter):
    """Test that set_state_dict sets state properly to generate new config."""
    cmd_args = json_config
    cmd_args.extend(commandline)

    parser.parse(cmd_args)

    state = parser.get_state_dict()
    parser = None

    blank_parser = OrionCmdlineParser(allow_non_existing_files=True)

    blank_parser.set_state_dict(state)

    trial = Trial(params=[
        {
            "name": "/lr",
            "type": "real",
            "value": -2.4
        },
        {
            "name": "/prior",
            "type": "categorical",
            "value": "sgd"
        },
        {
            "name": "/layers/1/width",
            "type": "integer",
            "value": 100
        },
        {
            "name": "/layers/1/type",
            "type": "categorical",
            "value": "relu"
        },
        {
            "name": "/layers/2/type",
            "type": "categorical",
            "value": "sigmoid"
        },
        {
            "name": "/training/lr0",
            "type": "real",
            "value": 0.032
        },
        {
            "name": "/training/mbs",
            "type": "integer",
            "value": 64
        },
        {
            "name": "/something-same",
            "type": "categorical",
            "value": "3"
        },
    ])

    output_file = str(tmpdir.join("output.json"))

    cmd_inst = blank_parser.format(output_file, trial)

    assert cmd_inst == [
        "--config",
        output_file,
        "--seed",
        "555",
        "--lr",
        "-2.4",
        "--non-prior",
        "choices({'sgd': 0.2, 'adam': 0.8})",
        "--prior",
        "sgd",
    ]

    output_data = json_converter.parse(output_file)
    assert output_data == {
        "yo":
        5,
        "training": {
            "lr0": 0.032,
            "mbs": 64
        },
        "layers": [
            {
                "width": 64,
                "type": "relu"
            },
            {
                "width": 100,
                "type": "relu"
            },
            {
                "width": 16,
                "type": "sigmoid"
            },
        ],
        "something-same":
        "3",
    }
コード例 #5
0
def test_set_state_dict(parser, commandline, json_config, tmpdir,
                        json_converter):
    """Test that set_state_dict sets state properly to generate new config."""
    cmd_args = json_config
    cmd_args.extend(commandline)

    parser.parse(cmd_args)

    state = parser.get_state_dict()
    parser = None

    blank_parser = OrionCmdlineParser()

    blank_parser.set_state_dict(state)

    trial = Trial(params=[{
        'name': '/lr',
        'type': 'real',
        'value': -2.4
    }, {
        'name': '/prior',
        'type': 'categorical',
        'value': 'sgd'
    }, {
        'name': '/layers/1/width',
        'type': 'integer',
        'value': 100
    }, {
        'name': '/layers/1/type',
        'type': 'categorical',
        'value': 'relu'
    }, {
        'name': '/layers/2/type',
        'type': 'categorical',
        'value': 'sigmoid'
    }, {
        'name': '/training/lr0',
        'type': 'real',
        'value': 0.032
    }, {
        'name': '/training/mbs',
        'type': 'integer',
        'value': 64
    }, {
        'name': '/something-same',
        'type': 'categorical',
        'value': '3'
    }])

    output_file = str(tmpdir.join("output.json"))

    cmd_inst = blank_parser.format(output_file, trial)

    assert cmd_inst == [
        '--config', output_file, "--seed", "555", "--lr", "-2.4",
        "--non-prior", "choices({'sgd': 0.2, 'adam': 0.8})", "--prior", "sgd"
    ]

    output_data = json_converter.parse(output_file)
    assert output_data == {
        'yo':
        5,
        'training': {
            'lr0': 0.032,
            'mbs': 64
        },
        'layers': [{
            'width': 64,
            'type': 'relu'
        }, {
            'width': 100,
            'type': 'relu'
        }, {
            'width': 16,
            'type': 'sigmoid'
        }],
        'something-same':
        '3'
    }
コード例 #6
0
class Consumer(object):
    """Consume a trial by using it to initialize a black-box box to evaluate it.

    It uses an `Experiment` object to push an evaluated trial, if results are
    delivered to the worker process successfully.

    It forks another process which executes user's script with the suggested
    options. It expects results to be written in a **JSON** file, whose path
    has been defined in a special orion environmental variable which is set
    into the child process' environment.

    Parameters
    ----------
    experiment: `orion.core.worker.experiment.Experiment`
        Manager of this experiment, provides convenient interface for interacting with
        the database.

    heartbeat: int, optional
        Frequency (seconds) at which the heartbeat of the trial is updated.
        If the heartbeat of a `reserved` trial is larger than twice the configured
        heartbeat, Oríon will reset the status of the trial to `interrupted`.
        This allows restoring lost trials (ex: due to killed worker).
        Defaults to ``orion.core.config.worker.heartbeat``.

    user_script_config: str, optional
        Config argument name of user's script (--config).
        Defaults to ``orion.core.config.worker.user_script_config``.

    interrupt_signal_code: int, optional
        Signal returned by user script to signal to Oríon that it was interrupted.
        Defaults to ``orion.core.config.worker.interrupt_signal_code``.

    """
    def __init__(
        self,
        experiment,
        heartbeat=None,
        user_script_config=None,
        interrupt_signal_code=None,
        ignore_code_changes=None,
    ):
        log.debug("Creating Consumer object.")
        self.experiment = experiment
        self.space = experiment.space
        if self.space is None:
            raise RuntimeError(
                "Experiment object provided to Consumer has not yet completed"
                " initialization.")

        if heartbeat is None:
            heartbeat = orion.core.config.worker.heartbeat

        if user_script_config is None:
            user_script_config = orion.core.config.worker.user_script_config

        if interrupt_signal_code is None:
            interrupt_signal_code = orion.core.config.worker.interrupt_signal_code

        if ignore_code_changes is None:
            ignore_code_changes = orion.core.config.evc.ignore_code_changes

        self.heartbeat = heartbeat
        self.interrupt_signal_code = interrupt_signal_code
        self.ignore_code_changes = ignore_code_changes

        # Fetch space builder
        self.template_builder = OrionCmdlineParser(user_script_config)
        self.template_builder.set_state_dict(experiment.metadata["parser"])
        # Get path to user's script and infer trial configuration directory
        if experiment.working_dir:
            self.working_dir = os.path.abspath(experiment.working_dir)
        else:
            self.working_dir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "orion")

        self.pacemaker = None

    def consume(self, trial):
        """Execute user's script as a block box using the options contained
        within `trial`.

        Parameters
        ----------
        trial: `orion.core.worker.trial.Trial`
            Orion trial to execute.

        Returns
        -------
        bool
            True if the trial was successfully executed. False if the trial is broken.

        """
        log.debug("### Create new directory at '%s':", self.working_dir)
        temp_dir = not bool(self.experiment.working_dir)
        prefix = self.experiment.name + "_"
        suffix = trial.id

        try:
            with WorkingDir(self.working_dir,
                            temp_dir,
                            prefix=prefix,
                            suffix=suffix) as workdirname:
                log.debug("## New consumer context: %s", workdirname)
                trial.working_dir = workdirname

                results_file = self._consume(trial, workdirname)

                log.debug(
                    "## Parse results from file and fill corresponding Trial object."
                )
                self.experiment.update_completed_trial(trial, results_file)

            success = True

        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            log.debug("### Save %s as interrupted.", trial)
            self.experiment.set_trial_status(trial, status="interrupted")
            raise

        except ExecutionError:
            log.debug("### Save %s as broken.", trial)
            self.experiment.set_trial_status(trial, status="broken")

            success = False

        return success

    def get_execution_environment(self, trial, results_file="results.log"):
        """Set a few environment variables to allow users and
        underlying processes to know if they are running under orion.

        Parameters
        ----------
        results_file: str
           file used to store results, this is only used by the legacy protocol

        trial: Trial
           reference to the trial object that is going to be run

        Notes
        -----
        This function defines the environment variables described below

        .. envvar:: ORION_EXPERIMENT_ID
           :noindex:

           Current experiment that is being ran.

        .. envvar::  ORION_EXPERIMENT_NAME
           :noindex:

           Name of the experiment the worker is currently working on.

        .. envvar::  ORION_EXPERIMENT_VERSION
           :noindex:

           Version of the experiment the worker is currently working on.

        .. envvar:: ORION_TRIAL_ID
           :noindex:

           Current trial id that is currently being executed in this process.

        .. envvar:: ORION_WORKING_DIRECTORY
           :noindex:

           Trial's current working directory.

        .. envvar:: ORION_RESULTS_PATH
           :noindex:

           Trial's results file that is read by the legacy protocol to get the results of the trial
           after a successful run.

        """
        env = dict(os.environ)
        env["ORION_EXPERIMENT_ID"] = str(self.experiment.id)
        env["ORION_EXPERIMENT_NAME"] = str(self.experiment.name)
        env["ORION_EXPERIMENT_VERSION"] = str(self.experiment.version)
        env["ORION_TRIAL_ID"] = str(trial.id)

        env["ORION_WORKING_DIR"] = str(trial.working_dir)
        env["ORION_RESULTS_PATH"] = str(results_file)
        env["ORION_INTERRUPT_CODE"] = str(self.interrupt_signal_code)

        return env

    def _consume(self, trial, workdirname):
        config_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w",
                                                  prefix="trial_",
                                                  suffix=".conf",
                                                  dir=workdirname,
                                                  delete=False)
        config_file.close()
        log.debug("## New temp config file: %s", config_file.name)
        results_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w",
                                                   prefix="results_",
                                                   suffix=".log",
                                                   dir=workdirname,
                                                   delete=False)
        results_file.close()
        log.debug("## New temp results file: %s", results_file.name)

        log.debug(
            "## Building command line argument and configuration for trial.")
        env = self.get_execution_environment(trial, results_file.name)
        cmd_args = self.template_builder.format(config_file.name, trial,
                                                self.experiment)

        log.debug(
            "## Launch user's script as a subprocess and wait for finish.")

        self._validate_code_version()

        self.pacemaker = TrialPacemaker(trial, self.heartbeat)
        self.pacemaker.start()
        try:
            self.execute_process(cmd_args, env)
        finally:
            # merciless
            self.pacemaker.stop()

        return results_file

    def _validate_code_version(self):
        if self.ignore_code_changes:
            return

        old_config = self.experiment.configuration
        new_config = copy.deepcopy(old_config)
        new_config["metadata"]["VCS"] = infer_versioning_metadata(
            old_config["metadata"]["user_script"])

        # Circular import
        from orion.core.evc.conflicts import CodeConflict

        conflicts = list(CodeConflict.detect(old_config, new_config))
        if conflicts:
            raise BranchingEvent(
                f"Code changed between execution of 2 trials:\n{conflicts[0]}")

    # pylint: disable = no-self-use
    def execute_process(self, cmd_args, environ):
        """Facilitate launching a black-box trial."""
        command = cmd_args

        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, _handler)

        try:
            process = subprocess.Popen(command, env=environ)
        except PermissionError:
            log.debug("### Script is not executable")
            raise InexecutableUserScript(" ".join(cmd_args))

        return_code = process.wait()

        if return_code == self.interrupt_signal_code:
            raise KeyboardInterrupt()
        elif return_code != 0:
            raise ExecutionError("Something went wrong. Check logs. Process "
                                 "returned with code {} !".format(return_code))
コード例 #7
0
class Consumer(object):
    """Consume a trial by using it to initialize a black-box box to evaluate it.

    It uses an `Experiment` object to push an evaluated trial, if results are
    delivered to the worker process successfully.

    It forks another process which executes user's script with the suggested
    options. It expects results to be written in a **JSON** file, whose path
    has been defined in a special orion environmental variable which is set
    into the child process' environment.

    Parameters
    ----------
    experiment: `orion.core.worker.experiment.Experiment`
        Manager of this experiment, provides convenient interface for interacting with
        the database.

    heartbeat: int, optional
        Frequency (seconds) at which the heartbeat of the trial is updated.
        If the heartbeat of a `reserved` trial is larger than twice the configured
        heartbeat, Oríon will reset the status of the trial to `interrupted`.
        This allows restoring lost trials (ex: due to killed worker).
        Defaults to ``orion.core.config.worker.heartbeat``.

    user_script_config: str, optional
        Config argument name of user's script (--config).
        Defaults to ``orion.core.config.worker.user_script_config``.

    interrupt_signal_code: int, optional
        Signal returned by user script to signal to Oríon that it was interrupted.
        Defaults to ``orion.core.config.worker.interrupt_signal_code``.

    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        experiment,
        user_script_config=None,
        interrupt_signal_code=None,
        ignore_code_changes=None,
    ):
        log.debug("Creating Consumer object.")
        self.experiment = experiment
        self.space = experiment.space
        if self.space is None:
            raise RuntimeError(
                "Experiment object provided to Consumer has not yet completed"
                " initialization."
            )

        if user_script_config is None:
            user_script_config = orion.core.config.worker.user_script_config

        if interrupt_signal_code is None:
            interrupt_signal_code = orion.core.config.worker.interrupt_signal_code

        # NOTE: If ignore_code_changes is None, we can assume EVC is enabled.
        if ignore_code_changes is None:
            ignore_code_changes = orion.core.config.evc.ignore_code_changes

        self.interrupt_signal_code = interrupt_signal_code
        self.ignore_code_changes = ignore_code_changes

        # Fetch space builder
        self.template_builder = OrionCmdlineParser(user_script_config)
        self.template_builder.set_state_dict(experiment.metadata["parser"])

        self.pacemaker = None

    def __call__(self, trial, **kwargs):
        """Execute user's script as a block box using the options contained
        within ``trial``.

        Parameters
        ----------
        trial: `orion.core.worker.trial.Trial`
            Orion trial to execute.

        Returns
        -------
        bool
            True if the trial was successfully executed. False if the trial is broken.

        """
        log.debug("Consumer context: %s", trial.working_dir)
        os.makedirs(trial.working_dir, exist_ok=True)

        results_file = self._consume(trial, trial.working_dir)

        log.debug("Parsing results from file and fill corresponding Trial object.")
        results = self.retrieve_results(results_file)

        return results

    def retrieve_results(self, results_file):
        """Retrive the results from the file"""
        try:
            results = JSONConverter().parse(results_file.name)
        except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:
            raise MissingResultFile()

        return results

    def get_execution_environment(self, trial, results_file="results.log"):
        """Set a few environment variables to allow users and
        underlying processes to know if they are running under orion.

        Parameters
        ----------
        results_file: str
           file used to store results, this is only used by the legacy protocol

        trial: Trial
           reference to the trial object that is going to be run

        Notes
        -----
        This function defines the environment variables described below

        .. envvar:: ORION_EXPERIMENT_ID
           :noindex:

           Current experiment that is being ran.

        .. envvar::  ORION_EXPERIMENT_NAME
           :noindex:

           Name of the experiment the worker is currently working on.

        .. envvar::  ORION_EXPERIMENT_VERSION
           :noindex:

           Version of the experiment the worker is currently working on.

        .. envvar:: ORION_TRIAL_ID
           :noindex:

           Current trial id that is currently being executed in this process.

        .. envvar:: ORION_WORKING_DIRECTORY
           :noindex:

           Trial's current working directory.

        .. envvar:: ORION_RESULTS_PATH
           :noindex:

           Trial's results file that is read by the legacy protocol to get the results of the trial
           after a successful run.

        """
        env = dict(os.environ)
        env["ORION_EXPERIMENT_ID"] = str(self.experiment.id)
        env["ORION_EXPERIMENT_NAME"] = str(self.experiment.name)
        env["ORION_EXPERIMENT_VERSION"] = str(self.experiment.version)
        env["ORION_TRIAL_ID"] = str(trial.id)

        env["ORION_WORKING_DIR"] = str(trial.working_dir)
        env["ORION_RESULTS_PATH"] = str(results_file)
        env["ORION_INTERRUPT_CODE"] = str(self.interrupt_signal_code)

        return env

    def _consume(self, trial, workdirname):
        config_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
            mode="w", prefix="trial_", suffix=".conf", dir=workdirname, delete=False
        )
        config_file.close()
        log.debug("New temp config file: %s", config_file.name)
        results_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
            mode="w", prefix="results_", suffix=".log", dir=workdirname, delete=False
        )
        results_file.close()
        log.debug("New temp results file: %s", results_file.name)

        log.debug("Building command line argument and configuration for trial.")
        env = self.get_execution_environment(trial, results_file.name)
        cmd_args = self.template_builder.format(
            config_file.name, trial, self.experiment
        )

        log.debug("Launch user's script as a subprocess and wait for finish.")

        self._validate_code_version()

        self.execute_process(cmd_args, env)

        return results_file

    def _validate_code_version(self):
        old_config = self.experiment.configuration
        new_config = copy.deepcopy(old_config)
        new_config["metadata"]["VCS"] = infer_versioning_metadata(
            old_config["metadata"]["user_script"]
        )

        # Circular import
        from orion.core.evc.conflicts import CodeConflict

        conflicts = list(CodeConflict.detect(old_config, new_config))
        if conflicts and not self.ignore_code_changes:
            raise BranchingEvent(
                f"Code changed between execution of 2 trials:\n{conflicts[0]}"
            )
        elif conflicts:
            log.warning(
                "Code changed between execution of 2 trials. Enable EVC with option "
                "`ignore_code_changes` set to False to raise an error when trials are executed "
                "with different versions. For more information, see documentation at "
                "https://orion.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user/config.html#experiment-version-control"
            )

    # pylint: disable = no-self-use
    def execute_process(self, cmd_args, environ):
        """Facilitate launching a black-box trial."""
        command = cmd_args

        try:
            process = subprocess.Popen(command, env=environ)
        except PermissionError:
            log.debug("Script is not executable")
            raise InexecutableUserScript(" ".join(cmd_args))

        return_code = process.wait()
        log.debug(f"Script finished with return code {return_code}")

        if return_code != 0:
            raise ExecutionError(return_code)