def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'Gunters')
# English Units
# length
self.chain = unit.chain;
self.chains = self.chain;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'nautical')
self.mile = 1852*unit.meters;
self.miles = self.mile;
self.nm = self.mile;
self.league = 3.0*self.miles;
self.leagues = self.league;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'statute')
self.mile = 5280.0*unit.feet;
self.miles = self.mile;
self.mi = self.mile;
self.league = 3.0*self.miles;
self.leagues = self.league;
def __init__(self, prefix, unit):
const.__init__(self, prefix + "engineers")
# English Units
# length
self.link = unit.foot
self.links = self.link
self.chain = 100.0 * unit.feet
self.chains = self.chain
def __init__(self,prefix,arc):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'centesimal')
self.minute = arc.grade/100.0;
self.minutes = self.minute;
self.min = self.minute;
self.second = arc.grade/10000.0;
self.seconds = self.second;
self.sec = self.second;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'dry')
self.pint = 550.61047*unit.cc;
self.pints = self.pint;
self.pt = self.pint;
self.quart = 2.0*self.pints;
self.quarts = self.quart;
self.qt = self.quart;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'metric')
# mass
self.carat = unit.gram/5.0;
self.carats = self.carat;
self.ton = 1000.0*unit.kilograms;
self.tons = self.ton;
self.t = self.ton;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'dose')
# energy
self.Gray = unit.Joule/unit.kilogram;
self.Grays = self.Gray;
self.Gy = self.Gray;
self.Sievert = self.Gray;
self.Sieverts = self.Sievert;
self.rad = self.Gray/100.0;
self.rads = self.rad;
self.rd = self.rad;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'avoirdupois')
# weight
self.pound = 7000.0*unit.grains;
self.pounds = self.pound;
self.lb = self.pound;
self.ounce = self.pound/16.0;
self.ounces = self.ounce;
self.oz = self.ounce;
self.dram = self.ounce/16.0;
self.drams = self.dram;
self.dr = self.dram;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'apothecary')
# weight
self.scruple = 20.0*unit.grains;
self.scruples = self.scruple;
self.s = self.scruple;
self.dram = 3.0*self.scruples;
self.drams = self.dram;
self.dr = self.dram;
self.ounce = 8.0*self.drams;
self.ounces = self.ounce;
self.oz = self.ounce;
self.pound = 12.0*self.ounces;
self.pounds = self.pound;
self.lb = self.pound;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'equivalent')
# light intensity
self.lux = unit.lux/unit.pi;
self.luxes = self.lux;
self.luces = self.lux;
self.lx = self.lux;
self.lumen = unit.lumen/unit.pi;
self.lumens = self.lumen;
self.lm = self.lumen;
self.phot = unit.apostilb/unit.pi;
self.phots = self.phot;
self.foot_candle = unit.foot_candle/unit.pi;
self.foot_candles = self.foot_candle;
self.fc = self.foot_candle;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'US')
#length
self.cable_length = 120.0*unit.fathoms;
self.cable_lengths = self.cable_length;
#mass
# short
self.hundredweight = 100.0*unit.avoirdupois.pounds;
self.cwt = self.hundredweight;
self.quarter = self.hundredweight/4.0;
self.quarters = self.quarter;
self.qr = self.quarter;
self.ton = 20.0*self.hundredweight;
self.tons = self.ton;
self.tn = self.ton;
self.deadweight = self.ton;
#volume
self.liquid = liquid.liquid(prefix + 'US.', unit)
self.dry = dry.dry(prefix + 'US.', unit)
self.peck = 8.0*self.dry.quarts;
self.pecks = self.peck;
self.pk = self.peck;
self.bushel = 4.0*self.pecks;
self.bushels = self.bushel;
self.bu = self.bushel;
self.barrel = 31.5*self.liquid.gallons;
self.barrels = self.barrel;
self.bbl = self.barrel;
self.bl = self.barrel;
# do some trickery to get modules set to instantiated classes
# We expect each submodule to do likewise for those not already taken
# care of here.
self.liquid.__name__ = liquid.__name__
sys.modules[liquid.__name__] = self.liquid
self.dry.__name__ = dry.__name__
sys.modules[dry.__name__] = self.dry
def __init__(self, prefix, constant, unit):
mkElement = ElementMaker(self, prefix + 'element.', constant, unit)
mkElement('hydrogen', 'H', 1, 1.00794, 13.5984 )
mkElement('helium', 'He', 2, 4.002602, 24.5874 )
mkElement('lithium', 'Li', 3, 6.941, 5.3917 )
mkElement('beryllium', 'Be', 4, 9.012182, 9.3227 )
mkElement('boron', 'B', 5, 10.812, 8.2980 )
mkElement('carbon', 'C', 6, 12.0107, 11.2603 )
mkElement('nitrogen', 'N', 7, 14.0067, 14.5341 )
mkElement('oxygen', 'O', 8, 15.9994, 13.6181 )
mkElement('fluorine', 'F', 9, 18.9984032, 17.4228 )
mkElement('neon', 'Ne', 10, 20.1797, 21.5645 )
mkElement('sodium', 'Na', 11, 22.989770, 5.1391 )
mkElement('magnesium', 'Mg', 12, 24.3051, 7.6462 )
mkElement('aluminium', 'Al', 13, 26.981538, 5.9858 )
mkElement('silicon', 'Si', 14, 28.0855, 8.1517 )
mkElement('phosphorus', 'P', 15, 30.973761, 10.4867 )
mkElement('sulfur', 'S', 16, 32.065, 10.3600 )
mkElement('chlorine', 'Cl', 17, 35.453, 12.9676 )
mkElement('argon', 'Ar', 18, 39.948, 15.7596 )
mkElement('potassium', 'K', 19, 39.0983, 4.3407 )
mkElement('calcium', 'Ca', 20, 40.078, 6.1132 )
mkElement('scandium', 'Sc', 21, 44.955911, 6.5615 )
mkElement('titanium', 'Ti', 22, 47.867, 6.8281 )
mkElement('vanadium', 'V', 23, 50.9415, 6.7462 )
mkElement('chromium', 'Cr', 24, 51.9961, 6.7665 )
mkElement('manganese', 'Mn', 25, 54.9380499, 7.4340 )
mkElement('iron', 'Fe', 26, 55.845, 7.9024 )
mkElement('cobalt', 'Co', 27, 58.9332009, 7.8810 )
mkElement('nickel', 'Ni', 28, 58.6934, 7.6398 )
mkElement('copper', 'Cu', 29, 63.546, 7.7264 )
mkElement('zinc', 'Zn', 30, 65.409, 9.3942 )
mkElement('krypton', 'Kr', 36, 83.798, 13.9996 )
mkElement('rubidium', 'Rb', 37, 85.4678, 4.1771 )
mkElement('xenon', 'Xe', 54, 131.293, 12.1298 )
mkElement('cesium', 'Cs', 55, 132.90545, 3.8939 )
mkElement('mercury', 'Hg', 80, 200.59, 10.4375 )
mkElement('francium', 'Fr', 87, 223, 4.0727 )
const.__init__(self, prefix + 'element')
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'arc')
self.degree = unit.pi/180.0;
self.degrees = self.degree;
self.minute = self.degree/60.0;
self.minutes = self.minute;
self.min = self.minute;
self.second = self.minute/60.0;
self.seconds = self.second;
self.sec = self.second;
self.grade = 0.9*self.degrees;
self.grades = self.grade;
self.centesimal = centesimal.centesimal(prefix + "arc.",self)
# do some trickery to get modules set to instantiated classes
# We expect each submodule to do likewise for those not already taken
# care of here.
self.centesimal.__name__ = centesimal.__name__
sys.modules[centesimal.__name__] = self.centesimal
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'fluid')
#volume
self.drachm = 60.0*unit.minims;
self.drachms = self.drachm;
self.dr = self.drachm;
self.ounce = 8.0*self.drachms;
self.ounces = self.ounce;
self.oz = self.ounce;
self.gill = 5.0*self.ounces;
self.gills = self.gill;
self.gi = self.gill;
self.pint = 4.0*self.gills;
self.pints = self.pint;
self.pt = self.pint;
self.quart = 2.0*self.pints;
self.quarts = self.quart;
self.qt = self.quart;
self.gallon = 4.0*self.quarts;
self.gallons = self.gallon;
self.gal = self.gallon;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'liquid')
self.dram = 60.0*unit.minims;
self.drams = self.dram;
self.dr = self.dram;
self.ounce = 8.0*self.drams;
self.ounces = self.ounce;
self.oz = self.ounce;
self.gill = 4.0*self.ounces;
self.gills = self.gill;
self.gl = self.gill;
self.pint = 4.0*self.gills;
self.pints = self.pint;
self.pt = self.pint;
self.quart = 2.0*self.pints;
self.quarts = self.quart;
self.qt = self.quart;
self.magnum = 2.0*self.quarts;
self.magnums = self.magnum;
self.gallon = 4.0*self.quarts;
self.gallons = self.gallon;
self.gal = self.gallon;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'British')
#volume
self.fluid = fluid.fluid(prefix + 'British.',unit)
self.peck = 2.0*self.fluid.gallons;
self.pecks = self.peck;
self.pk = self.peck;
self.bushel = 4.0*self.pecks;
self.bushels = self.bushel;
self.bu = self.bushel;
self.barrel = 36.0*self.fluid.gallons;
self.barrels = self.barrel;
self.bbl = self.barrel;
self.bl = self.barrel;
#length
self.cable_length = 100.0*unit.fathoms;
self.cable_lengths = self.cable_length;
#mass
self.hundredweight = 112.0*unit.avoirdupois.pounds;
self.cwt = self.hundredweight;
self.quarter = self.hundredweight/4.0;
self.quarters = self.quarter;
self.qr = self.quarter;
self.ton = 20.0*self.hundredweight;
self.tons = self.ton;
self.tn = self.ton;
# do some trickery to get modules set to instantiated classes
# We expect each submodule to do likewise for those not already taken
# care of here.
self.fluid.__name__ = fluid.__name__
sys.modules[fluid.__name__] = self.fluid
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'bakers')
self.dozen = 13.0;
self.doz = self.dozen;
self.dz = self.dozen;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'admiralty')
#speed
self.knot = 6980.0*unit.feet/unit.hour;
self.knots = self.knot;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'Hefner')
self.candle = 0.9*unit.candles;
self.candles = self.candle;
def __init__(self, prefix, name, number, mass, ionization):
const.__init__(self, prefix + name)
self.number = number
self.mass = mass
self.ionization = ionization
def __init__(self,prefix, unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'constant')
self.c = 2.99792458e8*unit.meters/unit.second;
self.c.name = 'speed of light';
self.Mach = 331.46*unit.meters/unit.second;
self.Mach.name = 'speed of sound';
self.h = 6.6260755e-34*unit.Joule*unit.seconds;
self.h.name = 'Planck constant';
self.h_bar = self.h/(2.0*unit.pi);
self.h_bar.name = 'Planck constant';
self.g = unit.gravity;
self.g.name = 'standard gravitational acceleration at sea level';
self.e = 1.60217733e-19*unit.Coulombs;
self.e.name = 'electron charge';
# energy
# electron Volt
self.eV = self.e*unit.V;
self.eV.name = 'electron Volt';
self.keV = 1000.0*self.eV;
self.keV.name = 'kilo-electron Volt';
self.MeV = 1000000.0*self.eV;
self.MeV.name = 'Mega-electron Volt';
self.GeV = 1000000000.0*self.eV;
self.GeV.name = 'Giga-electron Volt';
self.Rydberg = 13.6054*self.eV;
self.Rydberg.name = 'Rydberg energy';
self.Rydbergs = self.Rydberg;
# mass
# electron mass
self.m_e = 9.1093897e-31*unit.kilograms;
self.m_e.name = 'electron mass';
# proton mass
self.m_P = 1.6726231e-27*unit.kilograms;
self.m_P.name = 'proton mass';
# deuteron mass
self.m_D = 1875.61339*self.MeV/(self.c*self.c);
self.m_D.name = 'deuteron mass';
# unified atomic mass unit
self.atomic_mass_unit = 1.6605402e-27*unit.kilograms;
self.atomic_mass_unit.name = 'unified atomic mass unit';
self.atomic_mass_units = self.atomic_mass_unit;
self.amu = self.atomic_mass_unit;
self.Dalton = self.atomic_mass_unit;
self.Daltons = self.Dalton;
self.epsilon = 8.854187817e-12*unit.Farads/unit.meter;
self.epsilon.name = 'permittivity of free space';
self.mu = 12.566370614e-7*unit.Newtons/(unit.A*unit.A);
self.mu.name = 'permeability of free space';
self.alpha = Quantity(1.0/137.0359895,{});
self.alpha.name = 'fine-structure constant';
self.r_e = 2.81794092e-15*unit.meters;
self.r_e.name = 'classical electron radius';
self.lambda_bar = 3.86159323e-13*unit.meters;
self.lambda_bar.name = 'electron Compton wavelength';
self.a_0 = 0.529177249e-10*unit.meters;
self.a_0.name = 'Bohr radius';
self.lambda_1eV = 1.23984244e-6*unit.meters;
self.lambda_1eV.name = 'wavelength of 1 eV/c particle';
self.sigma_0 = 0.66524616*unit.barns;
self.sigma_0.name = 'Thomson cross section';
self.mu_B = 5.78838263e-11*self.MeV/unit.Tesla;
self.mu_B.name = 'Bohr magnetron';
self.mu_N = 3.15245166e-14*self.MeV/unit.Tesla;
self.mu_N.name = 'nuclear magnetron';
self.E_M_e = 1.75881962e11*unit.C/unit.kg*(unit.rad/(unit.s*unit.T));
self.E_M_e.name = 'electron cyclotron frequency/field';
self.E_M_P = 9.5788309e7*unit.C/unit.kg*(unit.rad/(unit.s*unit.T));
self.E_M_P.name = 'proton cyclotron frequency/field';
self.G = 6.67259e-11*unit.m*unit.m*unit.m/(unit.kg*unit.s*unit.s);
self.G.name = 'gravitational constant';
self.N_A = Quantity(6.0221367e23,{});
self.N_A.name = 'Avogadro\'s constant';
self.K_B = 1.380658e-23*unit.Joules/unit.Kelvin;
self.K_B.name = 'Boltzmann constant';
self.V_molar = 2.897756e-3*unit.meter*unit.Kelvins;
self.V_molar.name = 'molar volume, ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure';
self.sigma_SB = 5.67051e-8*unit.W/(unit.m*unit.m*unit.K*unit.K*unit.K*unit.K);
self.sigma_SB.name = 'Stefan-Boltzmann constant';
def __init__(self,prefix, unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'constant')
self.pi = Quantity(unit.pi.coeff, {}, 'unitless pi constant')
self.c = 2.99792458e8*unit.meters/unit.second;
self.c.name = 'speed of light';
self.Mach = 331.46*unit.meters/unit.second;
self.Mach.name = 'speed of sound';
self.h = 6.6260755e-34*unit.Joule*unit.seconds;
self.h.name = 'Planck constant';
self.h_bar = self.h/(2.0*unit.pi);
self.h_bar.name = 'Planck constant';
self.g = unit.gravity;
self.g.name = 'standard gravitational acceleration at sea level';
self.e = 1.60217733e-19*unit.Coulombs;
self.e.name = 'electron charge';
# energy
# electron Volt
self.eV = self.e*unit.V;
self.eV.name = 'electron Volt';
self.keV = 1000.0*self.eV;
self.keV.name = 'kilo-electron Volt';
self.MeV = 1000000.0*self.eV;
self.MeV.name = 'Mega-electron Volt';
self.GeV = 1000000000.0*self.eV;
self.GeV.name = 'Giga-electron Volt';
self.Rinfinity = 10973731.568527/unit.m;
self.Rinfinity.name = 'Rydberg constant (R_inf)';
self.Rydberg = self.h * self.c * self.Rinfinity;
self.Rydberg.name = 'Rydberg energy';
self.Rydbergs = self.Rydberg;
self.Hartree = 2. * self.Rydberg;
self.Hartree.name = 'Atomic energy unit';
self.Hartrees = self.Hartree;
# mass
# electron mass
self.m_e = 9.10938215e-31*unit.kilograms;
self.m_e.name = 'electron mass';
# proton mass
self.m_p = 1.672621637e-27*unit.kilograms;
self.m_p.name = 'proton mass';
# deuteron mass
self.m_d = 1875.612793*self.MeV/(self.c*self.c);
self.m_d.name = 'deuteron mass';
# unified atomic mass unit
self.atomic_mass_unit = 1.660538782e-27*unit.kilograms;
self.atomic_mass_unit.name = 'unified atomic mass unit';
self.atomic_mass_units = self.atomic_mass_unit;
self.amu = self.atomic_mass_unit;
self.Dalton = self.atomic_mass_unit;
self.Daltons = self.Dalton;
self.epsilon0 = 8.854187817e-12*unit.Farads/unit.meter;
self.epsilon0.name = 'permittivity of free space';
self.k_E = 1. / ( 4. * self.pi * self.epsilon0 );
self.k_E.name = 'Coulomb constant';
self.mu0 = 4 * self.pi * 1e-7 * unit.Newtons / unit.A**2;
self.mu0.name = 'permeability of free space';
self.alpha = Quantity(7.2973525376e-3, {}, 'fine-structure constant')
self.g_e = Quantity(-2.0023193043622, {}, 'electron g-factor')
self.g_d = Quantity(0.8574382308, {}, 'deuteron g-factor')
self.r_e = 2.81794092e-15*unit.meters;
self.r_e.name = 'classical electron radius';
self.lambda_C = self.h / (self.m_e * self.c);
self.lambda_C.name = 'Compton wavelength';
self.lambda_C_bar = self.lambda_C / (2 *unit.pi);
self.lambda_C_bar.name = 'Compton wavelength (over 2pi)';
self.a_0 = self.alpha / (4*self.pi * self.Rinfinity);
self.a_0.name = 'Bohr radius';
self.lambda_1eV = self.h / (self.eV / self.c);
self.lambda_1eV.name = 'wavelength of 1 eV/c particle';
self.sigma_0 = 0.6652458558*unit.barns;
self.sigma_0.name = 'Thomson cross section';
self.mu_B = 5.7883818e-11*self.MeV/unit.Tesla;
self.mu_B.name = 'Bohr magneton';
self.mu_N = 3.1524513e-14*self.MeV/unit.Tesla;
self.mu_N.name = 'nuclear magneton';
self.e_m_e = self.e / self.m_e;
self.e_m_e.name = 'electron cyclotron frequency/field';
self.e_m_p = self.e / self.m_p;
self.e_m_p.name = 'proton cyclotron frequency/field';
self.G = 6.67428e-11* unit.m**3 /(unit.kg * unit.s**2);
self.G.name = 'gravitational constant';
self.N_A = Quantity(6.02214179e23, {}, "Avogadro's constant")
self.K_B = 1.3806504e-23*unit.Joules/unit.Kelvin;
self.K_B.name = 'Boltzmann constant';
self.stdtemp = 273.15 * unit.Kelvin;
self.stdtemp.name = 'standard temperature';
self.R = self.K_B * self.N_A;
self.R.name = 'universal gas constant';
self.V_molar = self.R * self.stdtemp / unit.atm
self.V_molar.name = 'molar volume, ideal gas, 273.15 K, 101.325 kPa'
self.n_0 = self.N_A / self.V_molar
self.n_0.name = 'Loschmidt constant, ideal gas, 273.15 K, 101.325 kPa'
self.sigma_SB = 5.670400e-8*unit.W/(unit.m**2 * unit.K**4);
self.sigma_SB.name = 'Stefan-Boltzmann constant';
self.z0 = self.c * self.mu0
self.z0.name = 'impedance of free space'
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'displacement')
self.ton = unit.stere;
self.tons = self.ton;
self.t = self.ton;
def __init__(self, prefix):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'unit');
# #### BEGIN OF UNIT CREATION #### #
# for each submodule, we pass in self to allow dependence on values
# previously set.
# conversion factor
self.radian = Quantity(1,{'radian':1});
self.radians = self.radian;
self.rad = self.radian;
self.steradian = Quantity(1,{'steradian':1});
self.steradians = self.steradian;
self.sr = self.steradian;
# money
self.dollar = Quantity(1,{'dollar':1});
self.dollars = self.dollar;
self.cent = self.dollar/100.0;
self.cents = self.cent;
self.dozen = 12.0;
self.doz = self.dozen;
self.dz = self.dozen;
self.gross = 12.0*self.dozen;
self.gro = self.gross;
self.quire = 25.0;
self.quires = self.quire;
self.ream = 500.0;
self.reams = self.ream;
self.percent = 1.0/100.0;
self.proof = self.percent/2.0;
self.karat = 1.0/24.0;
self.karats = self.karat;
self.mole = 6.0221367e+23;
self.moles = self.mole;
self.mol = self.mole;
self.pi = 3.14159265358979323846*self.radians;
# SI units (mks)
# length
self.meter = Quantity(1,{'m':1});
self.meters = self.meter;
self.m = self.meter;
self.kilometer = 1000.0*self.meters;
self.kilometers = self.kilometer;
self.km = self.kilometer;
self.decimeter = self.meters/10.0;
self.decimeters = self.decimeter;
self.dm = self.decimeter;
self.centimeter = self.meters/100.0;
self.centimeters = self.centimeter;
self.cm = self.centimeter;
self.millimeter = self.meters/1000.0;
self.millimeters = self.millimeter;
self.mm = self.millimeter;
self.micron = self.meter/1000000.0;
self.microns = self.micron;
self.um = self.micron;
self.nanometer = self.meter/1000000000.0;
self.nanometers = self.nanometer;
self.nm = self.nanometer;
self.decinanometer = self.meter/10000000000.0;
self.decinanometers = self.decinanometer;
self.Angstrom = self.decinanometer;
self.Angstroms = self.Angstrom;
self.Xunit = 1.00202e-13*self.meters;
self.Xunits = self.Xunit;
self.Fermi = self.meter/1000000000000000.0;
self.Fermis = self.Fermi;
# area
self.hectare = 10000.0*self.meter*self.meter;
self.hectares = self.hectare;
self.ha = self.hectare;
# volume
self.stere = self.meter*self.meter*self.meter;
self.steres = self.stere;
self.liter = self.stere/1000.0;
self.liters = self.liter;
self.l = self.liter;
self.milliliter = self.stere/1000000.0;
self.milliliters = self.milliliter;
self.ml = self.milliliter;
self.cc = self.milliliter;
# mass
self.kilogram = Quantity(1,{'kg':1});
self.kilograms = self.kilogram;
self.kg = self.kilogram;
self.quintal = 100.0*self.kilograms;
self.quintals = self.quintal;
self.doppelzentner = self.quintal;
self.doppelzentners = self.doppelzentner;
self.gram = self.kilograms/1000.0;
self.grams = self.gram;
self.g = self.gram;
self.milligram = self.kilogram/1000000.0;
self.milligrams = self.milligram;
self.mg = self.milligram;
# time
self.second = Quantity(1,{'s':1});
self.seconds = self.second;
self.sec = self.second;
self.s = self.second;
self.millisecond = self.second/1000.0;
self.milliseconds = self.millisecond;
self.ms = self.millisecond;
self.microsecond = self.second/1000000.0;
self.microseconds = self.microsecond;
self.us = self.microsecond;
self.nanosecond = self.second/1000000000.0;
self.nanoseconds = self.nanosecond;
self.picosecond = self.second/1000000000000.0;
self.picoseconds = self.picosecond;
self.minute = 60.0*self.seconds;
self.minutes = self.minute;
self.min = self.minute;
self.hour = 60.0*self.minutes;
self.hours = self.hour;
self.hr = self.hour;
self.day = 24.0*self.hours;
self.days = self.day;
self.da = self.day;
self.week = 7.0*self.days;
self.weeks = self.week;
self.fortnight = 2.0*self.weeks;
self.fortnights = self.fortnight;
self.year = 365.2421896698*self.days;
self.years = self.year;
self.yr = self.year;
self.month = self.year/12.0;
self.months = self.month;
self.mo = self.month;
self.decade = 10.0*self.years;
self.decades = self.decade;
self.century = 100.0*self.years;
self.centuries = self.century;
self.millenium = 1000.0*self.years;
self.millenia = self.millenium;
# temporal frequency
self.Hertz = 1.0/self.second;
self.Hz = self.Hertz;
self.kiloHertz = 1000.0*self.Hertz;
self.kHz = self.kiloHertz;
self.megaHertz = 1000000.0*self.Hertz;
self.MHz = self.megaHertz;
self.gigaHertz = 1000000000.0*self.Hertz;
self.GHz = self.gigaHertz;
self.teraHertz = 1000000000000.0*self.Hertz;
self.THz = self.teraHertz;
# spacial frequency
self.diopter = 1.0/self.meter;
self.diopters = self.diopter;
# speed
self.kph = self.kilometers/self.hour;
# radioactivity
self.Becquerel = 1.0/self.second;
self.Becquerels = self.Becquerel;
self.Bq = self.Becquerel;
self.Rutherford = 1000000.0*self.Becquerels;
self.Rutherfords = self.Rutherford;
self.Curie = 3.7e+10*self.Becquerels;
self.Curies = self.Curie;
self.Ci = self.Curie;
# force
self.Newton = self.kilogram*self.meter/(self.second*self.second);
self.Newtons = self.Newton;
self.N = self.Newton;
self.dyne = self.Newton/100000.0;
self.dynes = self.dyne;
self.dyn = self.dyne;
# pressure
self.Pascal = self.Newton/(self.meter*self.meter);
self.Pascals = self.Pascal;
self.Pa = self.Pascal;
self.Barie = self.Pascal/10.0;
self.Baries = self.Barie;
self.Barye = self.Barie;
self.Baryes = self.Barye;
self.pieze = 1000.0*self.Pascals;
self.piezes = self.pieze;
self.pz = self.pieze;
self.bar = 10000.0*self.Pascals;
self.bars = self.bar;
self.Torr = 133.3224*self.Pascals;
self.atmosphere = 760.0*self.Torr;
self.atmospheres = self.atmosphere;
self.atm = self.atmosphere;
# energy
self.Joule = self.Newton*self.meter;
self.Joules = self.Joule;
self.J = self.Joule;
self.erg = self.Joule/10000000.0;
self.ergs = self.erg;
self.kiloWatthour = 3600000.0*self.Joules;
self.kiloWatthours = self.kiloWatthour;
self.kWh = self.kiloWatthour;
# power
self.Watt = self.Joule/self.second;
self.Watts = self.Watt;
self.W = self.Watt;
self.kiloWatt = 1000.0*self.Watts;
self.kiloWatts = self.kiloWatt;
self.kW = self.kiloWatt;
self.megaWatt = 1000000.0*self.Watts;
self.megaWatts = self.megaWatt;
self.MW = self.megaWatt;
self.milliWatt = self.Watt/1000.0;
self.milliWatts = self.milliWatt;
self.mW = self.milliWatt;
self.microWatt = self.Watt/1000000.0;
self.microWatts = self.microWatt;
self.uW = self.microWatt;
self.nanoWatt = self.Watt/1000000000.0;
self.nanoWatts = self.nanoWatt;
self.nW = self.nanoWatt;
# electrical current
self.Ampere = Quantity(1,{'A':1});
self.Amperes = self.Ampere;
self.A = self.Ampere;
self.Biot = 10.0*self.Amperes;
self.Biots = self.Biot;
self.abAmpere = self.Biot
self.abAmperes = self.abAmpere
self.abAmp = self.abAmpere
self.aA = self.abAmpere
self.statAmpere = self.Biot * 3.335641e-11 # == Biot * (cm/s)/c
self.statAmperes = self.statAmpere
self.statAmp = self.statAmpere
self.statA = self.statAmpere
# electrical potential
self.Volt = self.Watt/self.Ampere;
self.Volts = self.Volt;
self.V = self.Volt;
self.statVolt = self.erg / (self.statAmp * self.s)
self.statVolts = self.statVolt
self.statV = self.statVolt
self.abVolt = (self.dyne * self.cm) / (self.abAmp * self.s)
# electrical resistance
self.Ohm = self.Volt/self.Ampere;
self.Ohms = self.Ohm;
self.statOhm = self.statVolt/self.statAmpere
self.abOhm = self.abVolt/self.abAmpere
# electrical conductance
self.mho = 1.0/self.Ohm;
self.mhos = self.mho;
self.Siemens = self.mho;
self.S = self.Siemens;
# electrical charge
self.Coulomb = self.Ampere*self.second;
self.Coulombs = self.Coulomb;
self.C = self.Coulomb;
self.statCoulomb = self.statAmpere * self.second
self.statCoulombs = self.statCoulomb
self.statCoul = self.statCoulomb
self.statC = self.statCoulomb
self.abCoulomb = self.abAmpere * self.second
self.abCoulombs = self.abCoulomb
self.abCoul = self.abCoulomb
self.Franklin = self.statCoulombs;
self.Franklins = self.Franklin;
# electrical capacity
self.Farad = self.Coulomb/self.Volt;
self.Farads = self.Farad;
self.F = self.Farad;
# magnetic flux
self.Weber = self.Volt*self.second;
self.Webers = self.Weber;
self.Wb = self.Weber;
self.Maxwell = self.Weber/100000000.0;
self.Maxwells = self.Maxwell;
self.M = self.Maxwell;
self.statMaxwell = self.statVolt * self.second
self.statMaxwells = self.statMaxwell
self.statM = self.statMaxwell
# magnetic field B
self.Tesla = self.Weber/(self.meter*self.meter);
self.Teslas = self.Tesla;
self.T = self.Tesla;
#self.Gauss = self.Tesla/10000.0;
self.Gauss = self.abVolt * self.second / self.cm**2
self.gamma = self.Tesla/1000000000.0;
# magnetic field H
self.Oerstedt = 79.57747*self.Ampere/self.meter; # = Gauss/mu0
self.Oerstedts = self.Oerstedt;
self.Oe = self.Oerstedt;
# magnetic inductance
self.Henry = self.Weber/self.Ampere;
self.Henrys = self.Henry;
self.H = self.Henry;
self.milliHenry = self.Henry/1000.0;
self.milliHenrys = self.milliHenry;
self.mH = self.milliHenry;
# temperature
self.Kelvin = Quantity(1,{'K':1});
self.Kelvins = self.Kelvin;
self.K = self.Kelvin;
self.milliKelvin = self.Kelvin*1e-3;
self.mK = self.milliKelvin;
self.microKelvin = self.Kelvin*1e-6;
self.uK = self.microKelvin;
self.nanoKelvin = self.Kelvin*1e-9;
self.nK = self.nanoKelvin;
# luminous intensity
self.candela = Quantity(1,{'candela':1});
self.candelas = self.candela;
self.cd = self.candela;
self.apostilb = self.candelas/self.meter/self.meter;
self.apostilbs = self.apostilb;
self.nit = self.apostilb;
self.nits = self.nit;
self.skot = self.apostilb/1000.0;
self.skots = self.skot;
self.stilb = 10000.0*self.apostilbs;
self.stilbs = self.stilb;
self.Blondel = self.apostilb/self.pi;
self.Blondels = self.Blondel;
self.Lambert = 10000.0*self.Blondels;
self.Lamberts = self.Lambert;
# light flux
self.lumen = self.candela*self.steradian;
self.lumens = self.lumen;
self.lm = self.lumen;
# light intensity
self.lux = self.lumens/self.meter/self.meter;
self.luxes = self.lux;
self.luces = self.lux;
self.lx = self.lux;
self.nox = self.lux/1000.0;
self.phot = self.lumens/self.centimeter/self.centimeter;
self.phots = self.phot;
# acceleration
self.Galileo = self.centimeters/self.second/self.second;
self.Galileos = self.Galileo;
# standard gravitational acceleration at sea level
self.gravity = 9.80665*self.meters/self.second/self.second;
# mass
self.kilohyl = self.kilogram*self.gravity*self.second*self.second/self.meter;
self.kilohyls = self.kilohyl;
self.hyl = self.kilohyl/1000.0;
self.hyls = self.hyl;
# English Units
# length
self.inch = 0.0254*self.meters;
self.inches = self.inch;
#self.in = self.inch;
self.mil = self.inch/1000.0;
self.mils = self.mil;
self.point = self.inch/72.27;
self.points = self.point;
self.pt = self.point;
self.bottommeasure = self.inch/40.0;
self.bottommeasures = self.bottommeasure;
self.line = self.inch/12.0;
self.lines = self.line;
self.pica = 12.0*self.points;
self.picas = self.pica;
self.barleycorn = self.inch/3.0;
self.barleycorns = self.barleycorn;
self.finger = 7.0*self.inches/8.0;
self.fingers = self.finger;
self.palm = 3.0*self.inches;
self.palms = self.palm;
self.hand = 4.0*self.inches;
self.hands = self.hand;
self.link = 7.92*self.inches;
self.links = self.link;
self.li = self.link;
self.span = 9.0*self.inches;
self.spans = self.span;
self.foot = 12.0*self.inches;
self.feet = self.foot;
self.ft = self.foot;
self.cubit = 18.0*self.inches;
self.cubits = self.cubit;
self.yard = 3.0*self.feet;
self.yards = self.yard;
self.yd = self.yard;
self.nail = self.yard/16.0;
self.nails = self.nail;
self.ell = 45.0*self.inches;
self.ells = self.ell;
self.pace = 5.0*self.feet;
self.paces = self.pace;
self.fathom = 6.0*self.feet;
self.fathoms = self.fathom;
self.fm = self.fathom;
self.rod = 198.0*self.inches;
self.rods = self.rod;
self.rd = self.rod;
self.pole = self.rod;
self.poles = self.pole;
self.p = self.pole;
self.perch = self.rod;
self.perches = self.perch;
self.rope = 20.0*self.feet;
self.ropes = self.rope;
self.bolt = 40.0*self.yards;
self.bolts = self.bolt;
self.chain = 4.0*self.rods;
self.chains = self.chain;
self.ch = self.chain;
self.skein = 120*self.yards;
self.skeins = self.skein;
self.furlong = 220*self.yards;
self.furlongs = self.furlong;
self.spindle = 14400*self.yards;
self.spindles = self.spindle;
self.statute = statute.statute(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.parasang = 3.5*self.statute.miles;
self.parasangs = self.parasang;
self.arpentcan = 27.52*self.statute.miles;
self.arpentcans = self.arpentcan;
self.arpentlin = 191.835*self.feet;
self.arpentlins = self.arpentlin;
self.astronomical_unit = 1.49597871e11*self.meters;
self.astronomical_units = self.astronomical_unit;
self.AU = self.astronomical_unit;
self.lightyear = 9.4605e15*self.meters;
self.lightyears = self.lightyear;
self.ly = self.lightyear;
self.arc = arc.arc(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.parsec = self.AU*self.radians/self.arc.second;
self.parsecs = self.parsec;
self.pc = self.parsec;
# area
self.barn = 1.0e-28*self.meter*self.meter;
self.barns = self.barn;
self.b = self.barn;
self.circular_inch = 0.25*self.pi*self.inch*self.inch;
self.circular_inches = self.circular_inch;
self.circular_mil = 0.25*self.pi*self.mil*self.mil;
self.circular_mils = self.circular_mil;
self.sabin = self.foot*self.foot;
self.sabins = self.sabin;
self.square = 100.0*self.sabin;
self.squares = self.square;
self.are = 100.0*self.meter*self.meter;
self.ares = self.are;
self.a = self.are;
self.rood = 40.0*self.rod*self.rod;
self.roods = self.rood;
self.ro = self.rood;
self.acre = 4.0*self.roods;
self.acres = self.acre;
self.section = self.statute.mile*self.statute.mile;
self.sections = self.section;
self.homestead = self.section/4.0;
self.homesteads = self.homestead;
self.township = 36.0*self.sections;
self.townships = self.township;
# mass
self.grain = 0.06479891*self.grams;
self.grains = self.grain;
self.gr = self.grain;
self.pennyweight = 24.0*self.grains;
self.dwt = self.pennyweight;
# volume
self.minim = 6.161152e-8*(self.m*self.m*self.m);
self.minims = self.minim;
self.drop = 0.03*self.cc;
self.drops = self.drop;
self.teaspoon = 4.928922*self.cc;
self.teaspoons = self.teaspoon;
self.tablespoon = 3.0*self.teaspoons;
self.tablespoons = self.tablespoon;
self.avoirdupois = avoirdupois.avoirdupois(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.avdp = self.avoirdupois
self.av = self.avoirdupois
self.US = US.US(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.noggin = 2.0*self.US.liquid.ounces;
self.noggins = self.noggin;
self.cup = 8.0*self.US.liquid.ounces;
self.cups = self.cup;
self.fifth = self.US.liquid.gallon/5.0;
self.fifths = self.fifth;
self.jeroboam = 4.0*self.fifths;
self.jeroboams = self.jeroboam;
self.firkin = 9.0*self.US.liquid.gallons;
self.firkins = self.firkin;
self.kilderkin = 18.0*self.US.liquid.gallons;
self.kilderkins = self.kilderkin;
self.strike = 2.0*self.US.bushels;
self.strikes = self.strike;
self.sack = 3.0*self.US.bushels;
self.sacks = self.sack;
self.coomb = 4.0*self.US.bushels;
self.coombs = self.coomb;
self.seam = 8.0*self.US.bushels;
self.seams = self.seam;
self.wey = 40.0*self.US.bushels;
self.weys = self.wey;
self.last = 80.0*self.US.bushels;
self.lasts = self.last;
self.register_ton = 100.0*(self.ft*self.ft*self.ft);
self.register_tons = self.register_ton;
self.register_tn = self.register_ton;
self.cord = 128.0*(self.ft*self.ft*self.ft);
self.cords = self.cord;
self.cordfoot = self.cord;
self.cordfeet = self.cordfoot;
self.boardfoot = 144.0*self.inch*self.inch*self.inch;
self.boardfeet = self.boardfoot;
self.timberfoot = self.foot*self.foot*self.foot;
self.timberfeet = self.timberfoot;
self.hogshead = 2.0*self.US.barrels;
self.hogsheads = self.hogshead;
self.pipe = 4.0*self.US.barrels;
self.pipes = self.pipe;
self.tun = 8.0*self.US.barrels;
self.tuns = self.tun;
self.stone = 14.0*self.avoirdupois.pounds;
self.stones = self.stone;
self.st = self.stone;
self.crith = 0.0906*self.grams;
self.criths = self.crith;
self.bag = 94.0*self.avoirdupois.pounds;
self.bags = self.bag;
self.cental = 100.0*self.avoirdupois.pounds;
self.centals = self.cental;
self.weymass = 252.0*self.avoirdupois.pounds;
# rate
self.mgd = 1000000.0*self.US.liquid.gallons/self.day;
self.cfs = self.foot*self.foot*self.foot/self.second;
self.minersinch = 1.5*self.foot*self.foot*self.foot/self.minute;
self.mpg = self.statute.miles/self.US.liquid.gallon;
self.nautical = nautical.nautical(prefix + 'unit.', self);
# speed
self.mph = self.statute.miles/self.hour;
self.knot = self.nautical.miles/self.hour;
self.knots = self.knot;
# force
self.poundal = self.avdp.pound*self.foot/(self.second*self.second);
self.poundals = self.poundal;
self.pdl = self.poundal;
self.lbf = self.avoirdupois.pound*self.gravity;
# pressure
self.psi = self.lbf/(self.inch*self.inch);
# energy
self.calorie = 4.1868*self.Joules;
self.calories = self.calorie;
self.cal = self.calorie;
self.kilocalorie = 1000.0*self.calories;
self.kilocalories = self.kilocalorie;
self.kcal = self.kilocalorie;
self.Frigorie = self.kilocalorie;
self.Frigories = self.Frigorie;
self.Btu = 1055.06*self.Joules;
self.therm = 10000.0*self.Btu;
self.therms = self.therm;
self.thermie = 1000000.0*self.calories;
self.thermies = self.thermie;
# power
self.horsepower = 735.49875*self.Watts;
self.HP = self.horsepower;
# electrical current
self.Gilbert = 0.795775*self.Amperes;
self.Gilberts = self.Gilbert;
# temperature
self.Rankin = 1.8*self.Kelvins;
self.Rankins = self.Rankin;
self.R= self.Rankin;
# luminous intensity
self.candle = 1.02*self.candelas;
self.candles = self.candle;
# light intensity
self.foot_candle = self.lumens/self.foot/self.foot;
self.foot_candles = self.foot_candle;
self.fc = self.foot_candle;
self.foot_Lambert = self.candelas/self.foot/self.foot/self.pi;
self.foot_Lamberts = self.foot_Lambert;
# and now load all of the sub-modules that don't have
# interdependencies with other unit stuff.
self.admiralty = admiralty.admiralty(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.apothecary = apothecary.apothecary(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.bakers = bakers.bakers(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.British = British.British(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.displacement = displacement.displacement(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.dose = dose.dose(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.engineers = engineers.engineers(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.equivalent = equivalent.equivalent(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.geodetic = geodetic.geodetic(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.geographical = geographical.geographical(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.Gunters = Gunters.Gunters(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.Hefner = Hefner.Hefner(prefix + 'unit.', self);
self.metric = metric.metric(prefix + 'unit.', self);
# #### END OF UNIT CREATION #### #
# do some trickery to get modules set to instantiated classes
# We expect each submodule to do likewise for those not already taken
# care of here.
self.admiralty.__name__ = admiralty.__name__
sys.modules[admiralty.__name__] = self.admiralty
self.apothecary.__name__ = apothecary.__name__
sys.modules[apothecary.__name__] = self.apothecary
sys.modules[ap.__name__] = self.apothecary
sys.modules[troy.__name__] = self.apothecary
sys.modules[t.__name__] = self.apothecary
self.arc.__name__ = arc.__name__
sys.modules[arc.__name__] = self.arc
self.avoirdupois.__name__ = avoirdupois.__name__
sys.modules[avoirdupois.__name__] = self.avoirdupois
# fix dummies for avoirdupois
sys.modules[avdp.__name__] = self.avoirdupois
sys.modules[av.__name__] = self.avoirdupois
self.bakers.__name__ = bakers.__name__
sys.modules[bakers.__name__] = self.bakers
self.British.__name__ = British.__name__
sys.modules[British.__name__] = self.British
sys.modules[English.__name__] = self.British
sys.modules[Imperial.__name__] = self.British
self.displacement.__name__ = displacement.__name__
sys.modules[displacement.__name__] = self.displacement
self.dose.__name__ = dose.__name__
sys.modules[dose.__name__] = self.dose
self.engineers.__name__ = engineers.__name__
sys.modules[engineers.__name__] = self.engineers
self.equivalent.__name__ = equivalent.__name__
sys.modules[equivalent.__name__] = self.equivalent
self.geodetic.__name__ = geodetic.__name__
sys.modules[geodetic.__name__] = self.geodetic
self.geographical.__name__ = geographical.__name__
sys.modules[geographical.__name__] = self.geographical
self.Gunters.__name__ = Gunters.__name__
sys.modules[Gunters.__name__] = self.Gunters
self.Hefner.__name__ = Hefner.__name__
sys.modules[Hefner.__name__] = self.Hefner
self.metric.__name__ = metric.__name__
sys.modules[metric.__name__] = self.metric
self.nautical.__name__ = nautical.__name__
sys.modules[nautical.__name__] = self.nautical
sys.modules[marine.__name__] = self.nautical
self.statute.__name__ = statute.__name__
sys.modules[statute.__name__] = self.statute
self.US.__name__ = US.__name__
sys.modules[US.__name__] = self.US
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'geographical')
self.mile = unit.nautical.mile;
self.miles = self.mile;
self.mi = self.mile;
def __init__(self,prefix,unit):
const.__init__(self,prefix + 'geodetic')
self.foot = (1200.0/3937.0)*unit.meters;
self.feet = self.foot;
self.ft = self.foot;