def etherscan_query_with_retries(url, sleep, retries=3):
for _ in range(retries - 1):
try:
etherscan_block = quantity_decoder(
requests.get(url).json()['result'])
except (RequestException, ValueError, KeyError):
pass
else:
return etherscan_block
etherscan_block = quantity_decoder(requests.get(url).json()['result'])
return etherscan_block
def eth_estimateGas(self, sender='', to='', value=0, data='',
startgas=default_startgas, gasprice=default_gasprice):
""" Makes a call or transaction, which won't be added to the blockchain
and returns the used gas, which can be used for estimating the used
gas.
Args:
from: The address the transaction is send from.
to: The address the transaction is directed to.
gas (int): Gas provided for the transaction execution. eth_call
consumes zero gas, but this parameter may be needed by some
executions.
gasPrice (int): gasPrice used for each paid gas.
value (int): Integer of the value send with this transaction.
data (bin): Hash of the method signature and encoded parameters.
For details see Ethereum Contract ABI.
block_number: Determines the state of ethereum used in the
call.
"""
json_data = self._format_call(
sender,
to,
value,
data,
startgas,
gasprice,
)
res = self.call('eth_estimateGas', json_data)
return quantity_decoder(res)
def new_filter(self, fromBlock="", toBlock="", address=None, topics=[]):
encoders = dict(fromBlock=block_tag_encoder, toBlock=block_tag_encoder,
address=address_encoder, topics=lambda x: [topic_encoder(t) for t in x])
data = {k: encoders[k](v) for k, v in locals().items()
if k not in ('self', 'encoders') and v is not None}
fid = self.call('eth_newFilter', data)
return quantity_decoder(fid)
def new_filter(self,
fromBlock=None,
toBlock=None,
address=None,
topics=None):
""" Creates a filter object, based on filter options, to notify when
the state changes (logs). To check if the state has changed, call
eth_getFilterChanges.
"""
json_data = {
'fromBlock': block_tag_encoder(fromBlock or ''),
'toBlock': block_tag_encoder(toBlock or ''),
}
if address is not None:
json_data['address'] = address_encoder(address)
if topics is not None:
if not isinstance(topics, list):
raise ValueError('topics must be a list')
json_data['topics'] = [topic_encoder(topic) for topic in topics]
filter_id = self.call('eth_newFilter', json_data)
return quantity_decoder(filter_id)
def signed_tx_example():
from ethereum.transactions import Transaction
from pyethapp.accounts import mk_privkey, privtoaddr
secret_seed = 'wow'
privkey = mk_privkey(secret_seed)
sender = privtoaddr(privkey)
# fetch nonce
nonce = quantity_decoder(JSONRPCClient().call('eth_getTransactionCount',
address_encoder(sender),
'pending'))
# create transaction
tx = Transaction(nonce,
default_gasprice,
default_startgas,
to=z_address,
value=100,
data='')
tx.sign(privkey)
tx_dict = tx.to_dict()
tx_dict.pop('hash')
res = JSONRPCClient().eth_sendTransaction(**tx_dict)
if len(res) == 20:
print 'contract created @', res.encode('hex')
else:
assert len(res) == 32
print 'tx hash', res.encode('hex')
def send_transaction(self, sender, to, value=0, data='', startgas=0, gasprice=10 * denoms.szabo):
"can send a locally signed transaction if privkey is given"
assert self.privkey or sender
if self.privkey:
_sender = sender
sender = privtoaddr(self.privkey)
assert sender == _sender
assert sender
# fetch nonce
nonce = self.nonce(sender)
if not startgas:
startgas = quantity_decoder(self.call('eth_gasLimit')) - 1
# create transaction
tx = Transaction(nonce, gasprice, startgas, to=to, value=value, data=data)
if self.privkey:
tx.sign(self.privkey)
tx_dict = tx.to_dict()
tx_dict.pop('hash')
for k, v in dict(gasprice='gasPrice', startgas='gas').items():
tx_dict[v] = tx_dict.pop(k)
tx_dict['sender'] = sender
res = self.eth_sendTransaction(**tx_dict)
assert len(res) in (20, 32)
return res.encode('hex')
def new_filter(self, fromBlock="", toBlock="", address=None, topics=[]):
encoders = dict(fromBlock=block_tag_encoder,
toBlock=block_tag_encoder,
address=address_encoder,
topics=lambda x: [topic_encoder(t) for t in x])
data = {
k: encoders[k](v)
for k, v in locals().items()
if k not in ('self', 'encoders') and v is not None
}
fid = self.call('eth_newFilter', data)
return quantity_decoder(fid)
def nonce(self, address):
if len(address) == 40:
address = address.decode('hex')
try:
res = self.call('eth_nonce', address_encoder(address), 'pending')
return quantity_decoder(res)
except JSONRPCClientReplyError as e:
if e.message == 'Method not found':
raise JSONRPCClientReplyError(
"'eth_nonce' is not supported by your endpoint (pyethapp only). "
"For transactions use server-side nonces: "
"('eth_sendTransaction' with 'nonce=None')")
raise e
def is_synced(self):
result = self.client.call('eth_syncing')
# the node is synchronized
if result is False:
return True
current_block = self.block_number()
highest_block = quantity_decoder(result['highestBlock'])
if highest_block - current_block > 2:
return False
return True
def tester_state(deploy_key, private_keys, tester_blockgas_limit):
tester_state = tester.state()
# special addresses 1 to 5
alloc = {
int_to_addr(i): {'wei': 1}
for i in range(1, 5)
}
for privkey in [deploy_key] + private_keys:
address = privatekey_to_address(privkey)
alloc[address] = {
'balance': DEFAULT_BALANCE,
}
for account in tester.accounts:
alloc[account] = {
'balance': DEFAULT_BALANCE,
}
db = ethereum.db.EphemDB()
env = ethereum.config.Env(
db,
ethereum.config.default_config,
)
genesis_overwrite = {
'nonce': zpad(data_decoder('0x00006d6f7264656e'), 8),
'difficulty': quantity_decoder('0x20000'),
'mixhash': zpad(b'\x00', 32),
'coinbase': address_decoder('0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000'),
'timestamp': 0,
'extra_data': b'',
'gas_limit': tester_blockgas_limit,
'start_alloc': alloc,
}
genesis_block = ethereum.blocks.genesis(
env,
**genesis_overwrite
)
# enable DELEGATECALL opcode
genesis_block.number = genesis_block.config['HOMESTEAD_FORK_BLKNUM'] + 1
tester_state.db = db
tester_state.env = env
tester_state.block = genesis_block
tester_state.blocks = [genesis_block]
return tester_state
def tester_state(deploy_key, private_keys, tester_blockgas_limit):
tester_state = tester.state()
# special addresses 1 to 5
alloc = {
int_to_addr(i): {'wei': 1}
for i in range(1, 5)
}
for privkey in [deploy_key] + private_keys:
address = privatekey_to_address(privkey)
alloc[address] = {
'balance': DEFAULT_BALANCE,
}
for account in tester.accounts:
alloc[account] = {
'balance': DEFAULT_BALANCE,
}
db = ethereum.db.EphemDB()
env = ethereum.config.Env(
db,
ethereum.config.default_config,
)
genesis_overwrite = {
'nonce': zpad(data_decoder('0x00006d6f7264656e'), 8),
'difficulty': quantity_decoder('0x20000'),
'mixhash': zpad(b'\x00', 32),
'coinbase': address_decoder('0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000'),
'timestamp': 0,
'extra_data': b'',
'gas_limit': tester_blockgas_limit,
'start_alloc': alloc,
}
genesis_block = ethereum.blocks.genesis(
env,
**genesis_overwrite
)
# enable DELEGATECALL opcode
genesis_block.number = genesis_block.config['HOMESTEAD_FORK_BLKNUM'] + 1
tester_state.db = db
tester_state.env = env
tester_state.block = genesis_block
tester_state.blocks = [genesis_block]
return tester_state
def poll(self, transaction_hash, confirmations=None, timeout=None):
""" Wait until the `transaction_hash` is applied or rejected.
If timeout is None, this could wait indefinitely!
Args:
transaction_hash (hash): Transaction hash that we are waiting for.
confirmations (int): Number of block confirmations that we will
wait for.
timeout (float): Timeout in seconds, raise an Excpetion on
timeout.
"""
if transaction_hash.startswith('0x'):
warnings.warn(
'transaction_hash seems to be already encoded, this will result '
'in unexpected behavior')
if len(transaction_hash) != 32:
raise ValueError(
'transaction_hash length must be 32 (it might be hex encode)')
deadline = None
if timeout:
deadline = time.time() + timeout
transaction_hash = data_encoder(transaction_hash)
transaction = self.call('eth_getTransactionByHash', transaction_hash)
while transaction is None or transaction["blockNumber"] is None:
if deadline and time.time() > deadline:
raise Exception('timeout when polling for transaction')
gevent.sleep(.5)
transaction = self.call('eth_getTransactionByHash',
transaction_hash)
if confirmations is None:
return
# this will wait for both APPLIED and REVERTED transactions
transaction_block = quantity_decoder(transaction['blockNumber'])
confirmation_block = transaction_block + confirmations
block_number = self.blocknumber()
while confirmation_block > block_number:
if deadline and time.time() > deadline:
raise Exception('timeout when waiting for confirmation')
gevent.sleep(.5)
block_number = self.blocknumber()
def hydrachain_wait(privatekeys, number_of_nodes):
""" Wait until the hydrchain cluster is ready. """
jsonrpc_client = JSONRPCClient(
host='0.0.0.0',
privkey=privatekeys[0],
print_communication=False,
)
quantity = jsonrpc_client.call('net_peerCount')
tries = 5
while quantity != number_of_nodes and tries > 0:
gevent.sleep(0.5)
quantity = quantity_decoder(jsonrpc_client.call('net_peerCount'))
if quantity != number_of_nodes:
raise Exception('hydrachain is taking to long to initialize')
def hydrachain_wait(privatekeys, number_of_nodes):
""" Wait until the hydrchain cluster is ready. """
jsonrpc_client = JSONRPCClient(
host='0.0.0.0',
privkey=privatekeys[0],
print_communication=False,
)
quantity = jsonrpc_client.call('net_peerCount')
tries = 5
while quantity != number_of_nodes and tries > 0:
gevent.sleep(0.5)
quantity = quantity_decoder(jsonrpc_client.call('net_peerCount'))
if quantity != number_of_nodes:
raise Exception('hydrachain is taking to long to initialize')
def signed_tx_example(to=z_address, value=100):
from ethereum.transactions import Transaction
from pyethapp.accounts import mk_privkey, privtoaddr
secret_seed = 'wow'
privkey = mk_privkey(secret_seed)
sender = privtoaddr(privkey)
# fetch nonce
nonce = quantity_decoder(
JSONRPCClient().call('eth_getTransactionCount', address_encoder(sender), 'pending'))
# create transaction
tx = Transaction(nonce, default_gasprice, default_startgas, to=z_address, value=value, data='')
tx.sign(privkey)
tx_dict = tx.to_dict()
tx_dict.pop('hash')
res = JSONRPCClient().eth_sendTransaction(**tx_dict)
if len(res) == 20:
print 'contract created @', res.encode('hex')
else:
assert len(res) == 32
print 'tx hash', res.encode('hex')
def signed_tx_example():
from ethereum.transactions import Transaction
from pyethapp.accounts import mk_privkey, privtoaddr
secret_seed = "wow"
privkey = mk_privkey(secret_seed)
sender = privtoaddr(privkey)
# fetch nonce
nonce = quantity_decoder(JSONRPCClient().call("eth_getTransactionCount", address_encoder(sender), "pending"))
# create transaction
tx = Transaction(nonce, default_gasprice, default_startgas, to=z_address, value=100, data="")
tx.sign(privkey)
tx_dict = tx.to_dict()
tx_dict.pop("hash")
res = JSONRPCClient().eth_sendTransaction(**tx_dict)
if len(res) == 20:
print "contract created @", res.encode("hex")
else:
assert len(res) == 32
print "tx hash", res.encode("hex")
def send_transaction(self,
sender,
to,
value=0,
data='',
startgas=0,
gasprice=10 * denoms.szabo):
"can send a locally signed transaction if privkey is given"
assert self.privkey or sender
if self.privkey:
_sender = sender
sender = privtoaddr(self.privkey)
assert sender == _sender
assert sender
# fetch nonce
nonce = self.nonce(sender)
if not startgas:
startgas = quantity_decoder(self.call('eth_gasLimit')) - 1
# create transaction
tx = Transaction(nonce,
gasprice,
startgas,
to=to,
value=value,
data=data)
if self.privkey:
tx.sign(self.privkey)
tx_dict = tx.to_dict()
tx_dict.pop('hash')
for k, v in dict(gasprice='gasPrice', startgas='gas').items():
tx_dict[v] = tx_dict.pop(k)
tx_dict['sender'] = sender
res = self.eth_sendTransaction(**tx_dict)
assert len(res) in (20, 32)
return res.encode('hex')
def balance(self, account):
b = quantity_decoder(
self.call('eth_getBalance', address_encoder(account), 'pending'))
return b
def get_balance(account):
b = quantity_decoder(
JSONRPCClient().call('eth_getBalance', address_encoder(account), 'pending'))
return b
def blocknumber(self):
return quantity_decoder(self.call('eth_blockNumber'))
def gaslimit(self):
return quantity_decoder(self.call('eth_gasLimit'))
def lastgasprice(self):
return quantity_decoder(self.call('eth_lastGasPrice'))
def nonce(self, address):
if len(address) == 40:
address = address.decode('hex')
return quantity_decoder(
self.call('eth_getTransactionCount', address_encoder(address),
'pending'))
def balance(self, account):
b = quantity_decoder(
self.call('eth_getBalance', address_encoder(account), 'pending'))
return b
def poll(self, transaction_hash, confirmations=None, timeout=None):
""" Wait until the `transaction_hash` is applied or rejected.
If timeout is None, this could wait indefinitely!
Args:
transaction_hash (hash): Transaction hash that we are waiting for.
confirmations (int): Number of block confirmations that we will
wait for.
timeout (float): Timeout in seconds, raise an Excpetion on
timeout.
"""
if transaction_hash.startswith('0x'):
warnings.warn(
'transaction_hash seems to be already encoded, this will'
' result in unexpected behavior'
)
if len(transaction_hash) != 32:
raise ValueError(
'transaction_hash length must be 32 (it might be hex encode)'
)
transaction_hash = data_encoder(transaction_hash)
deadline = None
if timeout:
deadline = gevent.Timeout(timeout)
deadline.start()
try:
# used to check if the transaction was removed, this could happen
# if gas price is to low:
#
# > Transaction (acbca3d6) below gas price (tx=1 Wei ask=18
# > Shannon). All sequential txs from this address(7d0eae79)
# > will be ignored
#
last_result = None
while True:
# Could return None for a short period of time, until the
# transaction is added to the pool
transaction = self.call('eth_getTransactionByHash', transaction_hash)
# if the transaction was added to the pool and then removed
if transaction is None and last_result is not None:
raise Exception('invalid transaction, check gas price')
# the transaction was added to the pool and mined
if transaction and transaction['blockNumber'] is not None:
break
last_result = transaction
gevent.sleep(.5)
if confirmations:
# this will wait for both APPLIED and REVERTED transactions
transaction_block = quantity_decoder(transaction['blockNumber'])
confirmation_block = transaction_block + confirmations
block_number = self.blocknumber()
while block_number < confirmation_block:
gevent.sleep(.5)
block_number = self.blocknumber()
except gevent.Timeout:
raise Exception('timeout when polling for transaction')
finally:
if deadline:
deadline.cancel()
def blocknumber(self):
return quantity_decoder(self.call('eth_blockNumber'))
def blocknumber(self):
""" Return the most recent block. """
return quantity_decoder(self.call('eth_blockNumber'))
def nonce(self, address):
if len(address) == 40:
address = address.decode('hex')
return quantity_decoder(
self.call('eth_getTransactionCount', address_encoder(address), 'pending'))
def lastgasprice(self):
return quantity_decoder(self.call('eth_lastGasPrice'))
def gaslimit(self):
return quantity_decoder(self.call('eth_gasLimit'))
def balance(self, account):
""" Return the balance of the account of given address. """
res = self.call('eth_getBalance', address_encoder(account), 'pending')
return quantity_decoder(res)