def test_sgn_prod(self):
"""Test sgn prod."""
p1 = Pauli(np.array([False]), np.array([True]))
p2 = Pauli(np.array([True]), np.array([True]))
self.log.info("sign product:")
p3, sgn = Pauli.sgn_prod(p1, p2)
self.log.info("p1: %s", p1.to_label())
self.log.info("p2: %s", p2.to_label())
self.log.info("p3: %s", p3.to_label())
self.log.info("sgn_prod(p1, p2): %s", str(sgn))
self.assertEqual(p1.to_label(), 'X')
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), 'Y')
self.assertEqual(p3.to_label(), 'Z')
self.assertEqual(sgn, 1j)
self.log.info("sign product reverse:")
p3, sgn = Pauli.sgn_prod(p2, p1) # pylint: disable=arguments-out-of-order
self.log.info("p2: %s", p2.to_label())
self.log.info("p1: %s", p1.to_label())
self.log.info("p3: %s", p3.to_label())
self.log.info("sgn_prod(p2, p1): %s", str(sgn))
self.assertEqual(p1.to_label(), 'X')
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), 'Y')
self.assertEqual(p3.to_label(), 'Z')
self.assertEqual(sgn, -1j)
def test_create_from_label(self):
"""Test creation from pauli label."""
label = 'IZXY'
pauli = Pauli(label=label)
self.assertEqual(pauli, self.ref_p)
self.assertEqual(pauli.to_label(), self.ref_label)
self.assertEqual(len(pauli), 4)
class TestPauli(QiskitTestCase):
"""Tests for Pauli class."""
def setUp(self):
"""Setup."""
super().setUp()
z = np.asarray([1, 0, 1, 0]).astype(np.bool)
x = np.asarray([1, 1, 0, 0]).astype(np.bool)
self.ref_p = Pauli(z, x)
self.ref_label = 'IZXY'
self.ref_matrix = np.array(
[[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. - 1.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 1.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. - 1.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 1.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 1.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. - 1.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 1.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. - 1.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. - 1.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 1.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. - 1.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 1.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 1.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. - 1.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 1.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
],
[
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j,
0. - 1.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j, 0. + 0.j
]])
def test_create_from_label(self):
"""Test creation from pauli label."""
label = 'IZXY'
pauli = Pauli(label=label)
self.assertEqual(pauli, self.ref_p)
self.assertEqual(pauli.to_label(), self.ref_label)
self.assertEqual(len(pauli), 4)
def test_create_from_z_x(self):
"""Test creation for boolean vector."""
self.assertEqual(self.ref_p.to_label(), 'IZXY')
self.assertEqual(len(self.ref_p), 4)
def test_random_pauli(self):
"""Test random pauli creation."""
length = 4
q = Pauli.random(length, seed=42)
self.log.info(q)
self.assertEqual(q.num_qubits, length)
self.assertEqual(len(q.z), length)
self.assertEqual(len(q.x), length)
self.assertEqual(len(q.to_label()), length)
self.assertEqual(len(q.to_matrix()), 2**length)
def test_mul(self):
"""Test multiplication."""
p1 = self.ref_p
p2 = Pauli.from_label('ZXXI')
p3 = p1 * p2
self.assertEqual(len(p3), 4)
self.assertEqual(p3[:].to_label(), 'ZYIY')
def test_imul(self):
"""Test in-place multiplication."""
p1 = self.ref_p
p2 = Pauli.from_label('ZXXI')
p3 = deepcopy(p2)
p2 *= p1
self.assertTrue(p2 != p3)
self.assertEqual(p2[:].to_label(), 'ZYIY')
def test_equality_equal(self):
"""Test equality operator: equal Paulis."""
p1 = self.ref_p
p2 = deepcopy(p1)
self.assertTrue(p1 == p2)
self.assertEqual(p1.to_label(), self.ref_label)
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), self.ref_label)
def test_equality_different(self):
"""Test equality operator: different Paulis."""
p1 = self.ref_p
p2 = deepcopy(p1)
p2.update_z(True, 1)
self.assertFalse(p1 == p2)
self.assertEqual(p1.to_label(), self.ref_label)
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), 'IZYY')
def test_inequality_equal(self):
"""Test inequality operator: equal Paulis."""
p1 = self.ref_p
p2 = deepcopy(p1)
self.assertFalse(p1 != p2)
def test_inequality_different(self):
"""Test inequality operator: different Paulis."""
p1 = self.ref_p
p2 = deepcopy(p1)
p2.update_x(False, 1)
self.assertTrue(p1 != p2)
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), 'IZIY')
def test_update_z(self):
"""Test update_z method."""
updated_z = np.asarray([0, 0, 0, 0]).astype(np.bool)
self.ref_p.update_z(updated_z)
np.testing.assert_equal(self.ref_p.z,
np.asarray([False, False, False, False]))
self.assertEqual(self.ref_p.to_label(), 'IIXX')
def test_update_z_2(self):
"""Test update_z method, update partial z."""
updated_z = np.asarray([0, 1]).astype(np.bool)
self.ref_p.update_z(updated_z, [0, 1])
np.testing.assert_equal(self.ref_p.z,
np.asarray([False, True, True, False]))
self.assertEqual(self.ref_p.to_label(), 'IZYX')
def test_update_x(self):
"""Test update_x method."""
updated_x = np.asarray([0, 1, 0, 1]).astype(np.bool)
self.ref_p.update_x(updated_x)
np.testing.assert_equal(self.ref_p.x,
np.asarray([False, True, False, True]))
self.assertEqual(self.ref_p.to_label(), 'XZXZ')
def test_update_x_2(self):
"""Test update_x method, update partial x."""
updated_x = np.asarray([0, 1]).astype(np.bool)
self.ref_p.update_x(updated_x, [1, 2])
np.testing.assert_equal(self.ref_p.x,
np.asarray([True, False, True, False]))
self.assertEqual(self.ref_p.to_label(), 'IYIY')
def test_to_matrix(self):
"""Test pauli to matrix."""
np.testing.assert_allclose(self.ref_p.to_matrix(), self.ref_matrix)
def test_delete_qubit(self):
"""Test deleting single qubit."""
p1 = self.ref_p
p2 = deepcopy(p1)
p2.delete_qubits(0)
self.assertTrue(p1 != p2)
self.assertEqual(len(p2), 3)
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), 'IZX')
def test_delete_qubits(self):
"""Test deleting multiple qubits."""
p1 = self.ref_p
p2 = deepcopy(p1)
p2.delete_qubits([0, 2])
self.assertTrue(p1 != p2)
self.assertEqual(len(p2), 2)
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), 'IX')
def test_append_pauli_labels(self):
"""Test appending paulis via labels."""
p1 = self.ref_p
p2 = deepcopy(p1)
p2.append_paulis(pauli_labels=['Z', 'Y', 'I'])
self.assertTrue(p1 != p2)
self.assertEqual(len(p2), 7)
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), 'IYZ' + self.ref_label)
def test_append_paulis(self):
"""Test appending paulis via pauli object."""
p1 = self.ref_p
p2 = deepcopy(p1)
p2.append_paulis(paulis=p1)
self.assertTrue(p1 != p2)
self.assertEqual(len(p2), 8)
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), self.ref_label + self.ref_label)
def test_insert_pauli_labels_1(self):
"""Test inserting paulis via labels."""
p2 = deepcopy(self.ref_p)
p2.insert_paulis(indices=[1, 2], pauli_labels=['Y', 'I'])
self.assertTrue(self.ref_p != p2)
self.assertEqual(len(p2), 6)
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), 'IZIXYY')
def test_insert_pauli_labels_2(self):
"""Test inserting paulis via labels."""
p2 = deepcopy(self.ref_p)
p2.insert_paulis(indices=[3, 2], pauli_labels=['Y', 'I'])
self.assertTrue(self.ref_p != p2)
self.assertEqual(len(p2), 6)
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), 'IYZIXY')
def test_insert_paulis(self):
"""Test inserting paulis via pauli object."""
p1 = deepcopy(self.ref_p)
new_p = Pauli.from_label('XY')
p1.insert_paulis(indices=[0], paulis=new_p)
self.assertTrue(p1 != self.ref_p)
self.assertEqual(len(p1), 6)
self.assertEqual(p1.to_label(), self.ref_label + 'XY')
def test_kron(self):
"""Test kron production."""
p1 = deepcopy(self.ref_p)
p2 = deepcopy(self.ref_p)
p2.kron(p1)
self.assertTrue(p1 != p2)
self.assertEqual(len(p2), 8)
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), self.ref_label + self.ref_label)
def test_pauli_single(self):
"""Test pauli single."""
num_qubits = 5
pz = Pauli.pauli_single(num_qubits, 2, 'Z')
self.assertTrue(pz.to_label(), 'IIIZI')
py = Pauli.pauli_single(num_qubits, 4, 'Y')
self.assertTrue(py.to_label(), 'IYIII')
px = Pauli.pauli_single(num_qubits, 3, 'X')
self.assertTrue(px.to_label(), 'IIXII')
def test_pauli_group(self):
"""Test pauli group."""
self.log.info("Group in tensor order:")
expected = [
'III', 'XII', 'YII', 'ZII', 'IXI', 'XXI', 'YXI', 'ZXI', 'IYI',
'XYI', 'YYI', 'ZYI', 'IZI', 'XZI', 'YZI', 'ZZI', 'IIX', 'XIX',
'YIX', 'ZIX', 'IXX', 'XXX', 'YXX', 'ZXX', 'IYX', 'XYX', 'YYX',
'ZYX', 'IZX', 'XZX', 'YZX', 'ZZX', 'IIY', 'XIY', 'YIY', 'ZIY',
'IXY', 'XXY', 'YXY', 'ZXY', 'IYY', 'XYY', 'YYY', 'ZYY', 'IZY',
'XZY', 'YZY', 'ZZY', 'IIZ', 'XIZ', 'YIZ', 'ZIZ', 'IXZ', 'XXZ',
'YXZ', 'ZXZ', 'IYZ', 'XYZ', 'YYZ', 'ZYZ', 'IZZ', 'XZZ', 'YZZ',
'ZZZ'
]
grp = pauli_group(3, case='tensor')
for j in grp:
self.log.info('==== j (tensor order) ====')
self.log.info(j.to_label())
self.assertEqual(expected.pop(0)[::-1], j.to_label())
self.log.info("Group in weight order:")
expected = [
'III', 'XII', 'YII', 'ZII', 'IXI', 'IYI', 'IZI', 'IIX', 'IIY',
'IIZ', 'XXI', 'YXI', 'ZXI', 'XYI', 'YYI', 'ZYI', 'XZI', 'YZI',
'ZZI', 'XIX', 'YIX', 'ZIX', 'IXX', 'IYX', 'IZX', 'XIY', 'YIY',
'ZIY', 'IXY', 'IYY', 'IZY', 'XIZ', 'YIZ', 'ZIZ', 'IXZ', 'IYZ',
'IZZ', 'XXX', 'YXX', 'ZXX', 'XYX', 'YYX', 'ZYX', 'XZX', 'YZX',
'ZZX', 'XXY', 'YXY', 'ZXY', 'XYY', 'YYY', 'ZYY', 'XZY', 'YZY',
'ZZY', 'XXZ', 'YXZ', 'ZXZ', 'XYZ', 'YYZ', 'ZYZ', 'XZZ', 'YZZ',
'ZZZ'
]
grp = pauli_group(3, case='weight')
for j in grp:
self.log.info('==== j (weight order) ====')
self.log.info(j.to_label())
self.assertEqual(expected.pop(0)[::-1], j.to_label())
def test_sgn_prod(self):
"""Test sgn prod."""
p1 = Pauli(np.array([False]), np.array([True]))
p2 = Pauli(np.array([True]), np.array([True]))
self.log.info("sign product:")
p3, sgn = Pauli.sgn_prod(p1, p2)
self.log.info("p1: %s", p1.to_label())
self.log.info("p2: %s", p2.to_label())
self.log.info("p3: %s", p3.to_label())
self.log.info("sgn_prod(p1, p2): %s", str(sgn))
self.assertEqual(p1.to_label(), 'X')
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), 'Y')
self.assertEqual(p3.to_label(), 'Z')
self.assertEqual(sgn, 1j)
self.log.info("sign product reverse:")
p3, sgn = Pauli.sgn_prod(p2, p1) # pylint: disable=arguments-out-of-order
self.log.info("p2: %s", p2.to_label())
self.log.info("p1: %s", p1.to_label())
self.log.info("p3: %s", p3.to_label())
self.log.info("sgn_prod(p2, p1): %s", str(sgn))
self.assertEqual(p1.to_label(), 'X')
self.assertEqual(p2.to_label(), 'Y')
self.assertEqual(p3.to_label(), 'Z')
self.assertEqual(sgn, -1j)
