def __init__(self, romFilePath):
self.sim6507 = Sim6502()
self.simTIA = SimTIA()
self.emuPIA = EmuPIA()
self.rom = array('B', [0] * 4096)
self.bankSwitchROMOffset = 0
self.programLen = 0
self.loadProgram(romFilePath)
self.sim6507.resetChip()
# The 6507's IRQ and NMI are connected to the supply voltage
# Setting them to 'pulled high' will keep them high.
self.sim6507.setPulledHigh(self.sim6507.getWireIndex('IRQ'))
self.sim6507.setPulledHigh(self.sim6507.getWireIndex('NMI'))
self.sim6507.recalcWireNameList(['IRQ', 'NMI'])
# TIA CS1 is always high. !CS2 is always grounded
self.simTIA.setPulledHigh(self.simTIA.getWireIndex('CS1'))
self.simTIA.setPulledLow(self.simTIA.getWireIndex('CS2'))
self.simTIA.recalcWireNameList(['CS1','CS2'])
# We're running an Atari 2600 program, so set memory locations
# for the console's switches and joystick state.
# Console switches:
# d3 set to 1 for color (vs B&W),
# d1 select set to 1 for 'switch not pressed'
# d0 set to 1 switch
self.writeMemory(0x0282, 0x0B, True)
# No joystick motion
# joystick trigger buttons read on bit 7 of INPT4 and INPT5 of TIA
self.writeMemory(0x0280, 0xFF, True)
class Sim2600Console:
def __init__(self, romFilePath):
self.sim6507 = Sim6502()
self.simTIA = SimTIA()
self.emuPIA = EmuPIA()
self.rom = array('B', [0] * 4096)
self.bankSwitchROMOffset = 0
self.programLen = 0
self.loadProgram(romFilePath)
self.sim6507.resetChip()
# The 6507's IRQ and NMI are connected to the supply voltage
# Setting them to 'pulled high' will keep them high.
self.sim6507.setPulledHigh(self.sim6507.getWireIndex('IRQ'))
self.sim6507.setPulledHigh(self.sim6507.getWireIndex('NMI'))
self.sim6507.recalcWireNameList(['IRQ', 'NMI'])
# TIA CS1 is always high. !CS2 is always grounded
self.simTIA.setPulledHigh(self.simTIA.getWireIndex('CS1'))
self.simTIA.setPulledLow(self.simTIA.getWireIndex('CS2'))
self.simTIA.recalcWireNameList(['CS1','CS2'])
# We're running an Atari 2600 program, so set memory locations
# for the console's switches and joystick state.
# Console switches:
# d3 set to 1 for color (vs B&W),
# d1 select set to 1 for 'switch not pressed'
# d0 set to 1 switch
self.writeMemory(0x0282, 0x0B, True)
# No joystick motion
# joystick trigger buttons read on bit 7 of INPT4 and INPT5 of TIA
self.writeMemory(0x0280, 0xFF, True)
# Memory is mapped as follows:
# 0x00 - 0x2C write to TIA
# 0x30 - 0x3D read from TIA
# 0x80 - 0xFF PIA RAM (128 bytes), also mapped to 0x0180 - 0x01FF for the stack
# 0280 - 0297 PIA i/o ports and timer
# F000 - FFFF Cartridge memory, 4kb
# We handle 2k, 4k, and 8k cartridges, but only handle the bank switching
# operations used by Asteroids: write to 0xFFF8 or 0xFFF9
#
def readMemory(self, addr):
if addr > 0x02FF and addr < 0x8000:
estr = 'ERROR: 6507 ROM reading addr from 0x1000 to 0x1FFF: 0x%X'%addr
print(estr)
return 0
data = 0
if (addr >= 0x80 and addr <= 0xFF) or (addr >= 0x180 and addr <= 0x1FF):
data = self.emuPIA.ram[(addr & 0xFF) - 0x80]
elif addr >= 0x0280 and addr <= 0x0297:
data = self.emuPIA.iot[addr - 0x0280]
elif addr >= 0xF000 or \
(addr >= 0xD000 and addr <= 0xDFFF and self.programLen == 8192):
data = self.rom[addr - 0xF000 + self.bankSwitchROMOffset]
elif addr >= 0x30 and addr <= 0x3D:
# This is a read from the TIA where the value is
# controlled by the TIA data bus bits 6 and 7 drive-low
# and drive-high gates: DB6_drvLo, DB6_drvHi, etc.
# This is handled below, so no need for anything here
pass
elif addr <= 0x2C or (addr >= 0x100 and addr <= 0x12C):
# This happens all the time, usually at startup when
# setting data at all writeable addresses to 0.
msg = 'CURIOUS: Attempt to read from TIA write-only address 0x%4.4X'%(addr)
#print(msg)
else:
# This can happen when the 6507 is coming out of RESET.
# It sets the first byte of the address bus, issues a read,
# then sets the second byte, and issues another read to get
# the correct reset vector.
msg = 'WARNING: Unhandled address in readMemory: 0x%4.4X'%(addr)
print(msg)
cpu = self.sim6507
tia = self.simTIA
if cpu.isHigh(cpu.padIndSYNC):
for wireIndex in tia.dataBusDrivers:
if tia.isHigh(wireIndex):
estr = 'ERROR: TIA driving DB when 6502 fetching ' + \
'instruction at addr 0x%X'%(addr)
print(estr)
else:
if tia.isHigh(tia.indDB6_drvLo):
data = data & (0xFF ^ (1<<6))
if tia.isHigh(tia.indDB6_drvHi):
data = data | (1<<6)
if tia.isHigh(tia.indDB7_drvLo):
data = data & (0xFF ^ (1<<7))
if tia.isHigh(tia.indDB7_drvHi):
data = data | (1<<7)
if addr & 0x200 and addr < 0x2FF:
print('6507 READ [0x%X]: 0x%X'%(addr, data))
cpu.setDataBusValue(data)
cpu.recalcWireList(cpu.dataBusPads)
return data
def writeMemory(self, addr, byteValue, setup=False):
cpu = self.sim6507
tia = self.simTIA
pia = self.emuPIA
if cpu.isLow(cpu.padReset) and not setup:
print('Skipping 6507 write during reset. addr: 0x%X'%(addr))
return
if addr >= 0xF000 and not setup:
if self.programLen == 8192:
if addr == 0xFFF9:
# switch to bank 0 which starts at 0xD000
self.bankSwitchROMOffset = 0x2000
elif addr == 0xFFF8:
self.bankSwitchROMOffset = 0x1000
else:
estr = 'ERROR: 6507 writing to ROM space addr ' + \
'0x4.4%X data 0x%2.2X '%(addr, data)
if addr >= 0xFFF4 and addr <= 0xFFFB:
estr += 'This is likely a bank switch strobe we have not implemented'
elif addr >= 0xF000 and addr <= 0xF07F:
estr += 'This is likely a cartridge RAM write we have not implemented'
raise RuntimeException(estr)
# 6502 shouldn't write to where we keep the console switches
if (addr == 0x282 or addr == 0x280) and not setup:
estr = 'ERROR: 6507 writing to console or joystick switches ' + \
'addr 0x%4.4X data 0x%2.2X'%(addr,byteValue)
print(estr)
return
if addr < 0x280:
msg = '6507 WRITE to [0x%4.4X]: 0x%2.2X at 6507 halfclock %d'% \
(addr, byteValue, cpu.halfClkCount)
print(msg)
if (addr >= 0x80 and addr <= 0xFF) or (addr >= 0x180 and addr <= 0x1FF):
pia.ram[(addr & 0xFF) - 0x80] = byteValue
elif addr >= 0x0280 and addr <= 0x0297:
pia.iot[addr - 0x0280] = byteValue
period = None
if addr == 0x294:
period = 1
elif addr == 0x295:
period = 8
elif addr == 0x296:
period = 64
elif addr == 0x297:
period = 1024
if period != None:
pia.timerPeriod = period
# initial value for timer read from data bus
pia.timerVal = cpu.getDataBusValue()
pia.timerClockCount = 0
pia.timerFinished = False
#elif addr <= 0x2C:
# # Remember what we wrote to the TIA write-only address
# # This is only for bookeeping and debugging and is not
# # used for simulation.
# self.simTIA.lastControlValue[addr] = byteValue
def loadProgramBytes(self, progByteList, baseAddr, setResetVector):
pch = baseAddr >> 8
pcl = baseAddr & 0xFF
print('loadProgramBytes base addr $%2.2X%2.2X'%(pch,pcl))
romDuplicate = 1
programLen = len(progByteList)
self.programLen = programLen
if not programLen in [2048, 4096, 8192]:
estr = 'No support for program byte list of length %d'%(programLen)
raise RuntimeException(estr)
if programLen == 2048:
# Duplicate ROM contents so it fills all of 0xF000 - 0xFFFF
romDuplicate = 2
elif programLen == 8192:
self.bankSwitchROMOffset = 0x1000
self.rom = array('B', progByteList * romDuplicate)
if setResetVector == True:
print("Setting program's reset vector to program's base address")
self.writeMemory(0xFFFC, pcl, True)
self.writeMemory(0xFFFD, pch, True)
else:
pcl = self.readMemory(0xFFFA)
pch = self.readMemory(0xFFFB)
print("NMI vector: %X %X"%(pch, pcl))
pcl = self.readMemory(0xFFFC)
pch = self.readMemory(0xFFFD)
print("Reset vector: %X %X"%(pch, pcl))
pcl = self.readMemory(0xFFFE)
pch = self.readMemory(0xFFFF)
print("IRQ/BRK vector: %X %X"%(pch, pcl))
def loadProgram(self, programFilePath):
if not os.path.exists(programFilePath):
estr = 'ERROR: Could not find program "%s"'%(programFilePath) + \
'from current dir %s'%(os.getcwd())
raise RuntimeError(estr)
print('Setting 6502 program to ROM image %s'%(programFilePath))
self.programFilePath = programFilePath
# load ROM from file
of = open (programFilePath, 'rb')
byteStr = of.read()
of.close()
program = []
progHex = ''
count = 0
for byte in byteStr:
intVal = struct.unpack ('1B', byte)[0]
progHex += '%2.2X '%intVal
count += 1
if count == 8:
progHex += ' '
elif count == 16:
progHex += '\n'
count = 0
program.append (intVal)
baseAddr = 0xF000
if len(byteStr) == 8192:
print('Loading 8kb ROM starting from 0x%X'%baseAddr)
elif len(byteStr) == 2048:
baseAddr = 0xF800
print('Loading 2kb ROM starting from 0x%X'%baseAddr)
self.loadProgramBytes(program, baseAddr, False)
def updateDataBus(self):
cpu = self.sim6507
tia = self.simTIA
# transfer 6507 data bus to TIA
# TIA DB0-DB5 are pure inputs
# TIA DB6 and DB7 can be driven high or low by the TIA
# TIA CS3 or CS0 high inhibits tia from driving db6 and db7
i = 0
numPads = len(cpu.dataBusPads)
while i < numPads:
dbPadHigh = cpu.isHigh(cpu.dataBusPads[i])
tia.setPulled(tia.dataBusPads[i], dbPadHigh)
i += 1
tia.recalcWireList(tia.dataBusPads)
hidrv = False
for wireInd in tia.dataBusDrivers:
if tia.isHigh(wireInd):
hidrv = True
break
if hidrv:
# 6502 SYNC is HIGH when its fetching instruction, so make sure
# our DB is not being written to by the TIA at this time
if cpu.isHigh(cpu.padIndSYNC):
estr = 'ERROR: TIA driving DB when 6502 fetching instruction'
#report.add (estr)
print(estr)
def advanceOneHalfClock(self): #D circuitSim6502, circuitSimTIA, emuPIA):
cpu = self.sim6507
tia = self.simTIA
pia = self.emuPIA
# Set all TIA inputs to be pulled high. These aren't updated to
# reflect any joystick or console switch inputs, but they could be.
# To give the sim those inputs, you could check the sim halfClkCount,
# and when it hits a certain value or range of values, set whatever
# ins you like to low or high.
# Here, we make an arbitrary choice to set the pads to be pulled
# high for 10 half clocks. After this, they should remain pulled
# high, so choosing 10 half clocks or N > 0 half clocks makes no
# difference.
if tia.halfClkCount < 10:
for wireIndex in tia.inputPads:
tia.setPulledHigh(wireIndex)
tia.recalcWireList(tia.inputPads)
tia.setPulledHigh(tia.padIndDEL)
tia.recalcWire(tia.padIndDEL)
# TIA 6x45 control ROM will change when R/W goes HI to LOW only if
# the TIA CLK2 is LOW, so update R/W first, then CLK2.
# R/W is high when 6502 is reading, low when 6502 is writing
tia.setPulled(tia.padIndRW, cpu.isHigh(cpu.padIndRW))
tia.recalcWire(tia.padIndRW)
addr = cpu.getAddressBusValue()
# Transfer the state of the 6507 simulation's address bus
# to the corresponding address inputs of the TIA simulation
for i, tiaWireIndex in enumerate(tia.addressBusPads):
padValue = cpu.isHigh(cpu.addressBusPads[i])
if cpu.isHigh(cpu.addressBusPads[i]):
tia.setHigh(tiaWireIndex)
else:
tia.setLow(tiaWireIndex)
tia.recalcWireList(tia.addressBusPads)
# 6507 AB7 goes to TIA CS3 and PIA CS1
# 6507 AB12 goes to TIA CS0 and PIA CS0, but which 6502 AB line is it?
# 6507 AB12, AB11, AB10 are not connected externally, so 6507 AB12 is
# 6502 AB15
#
# TODO: return changed/unchanged from setHigh, setLow to decide to recalc
if addr > 0x7F:
# It's not a TIA address, so set TIA CS3 high
# Either CS3 high or CS0 high should disable TIA from writing
tia.setHigh(tia.padIndCS3)
tia.setHigh(tia.padIndCS0)
else:
# It is a TIA addr from 0x00 to 0x7F, so set CS3 and CS0 low
tia.setLow(tia.padIndCS3)
tia.setLow(tia.padIndCS0)
tia.recalcWireList(tia.padIndsCS0CS3)
self.updateDataBus()
# Advance the TIA 2nd input clock that is controlled
# by the 6507's clock generator.
tia.setPulled(tia.padIndCLK2, cpu.isHigh(cpu.padIndCLK1Out))
tia.recalcWire(tia.padIndCLK2)
#print('TIA sim num wires added to groups %d, num ant %d'%
# (tia.numAddWireToGroup, tia.numAddWireTransistor))
tia.clearSimStats()
# Advance TIA 'CLK0' by one half clock
tia.setPulled(tia.padIndCLK0, not tia.isHigh(tia.padIndCLK0))
tia.recalcWire(tia.padIndCLK0)
tia.halfClkCount += 1
# This is a good place to record the TIA and 6507 (6502)
# state if you want to capture something like a logic
# analyzer trace.
# Transfer bits from TIA pads to 6507 pads
# TIA RDY and 6507 RDY are pulled high through external resistor, so pull
# the pad low if the TIA RDY_lowCtrl is on.
cpu.setPulled(cpu.padIndRDY, not tia.isHigh(tia.indRDY_lowCtrl))
cpu.recalcWire(cpu.padIndRDY)
# TIA sends a clock to the 6507. Propagate this clock from the
# TIA simulation to the 6507 simulation.
clkTo6507IsHigh = tia.isHigh(tia.padIndPH0)
if clkTo6507IsHigh != cpu.isHigh(cpu.padIndCLK0):
# Emulate the PIA timer
# Here at Visual6502.org, we're building a gate-level model
# of the PIA, but it's not ready yet.
pia = self.emuPIA
if clkTo6507IsHigh:
# When its reached its end, it counts down from 0xFF every clock
# (every time the input clock is high, it advances)
if pia.timerFinished:
pia.timerValue -= 1
if pia.timerValue < 0:
# Assume it doesn't wrap around
pia.timerValue = 0
else:
pia.timerClockCount += 1
if pia.timerClockCount >= pia.timerPeriod:
# decrement interval counter
pia.timerValue -= 1
pia.timerClockCount = 0
if pia.timerValue < 0:
pia.timerFinished = True
pia.timerValue = 0xFF
# Advance the 6502 simulation 1 half clock cycle
if clkTo6507IsHigh:
cpu.setPulledHigh(cpu.padIndCLK0)
else:
cpu.setPulledLow(cpu.padIndCLK0)
# Put PIA count value into memory so 6507 can read it
# like a regular memory read.
self.writeMemory(0x284, pia.timerValue)
cpu.recalcWire(cpu.padIndCLK0)
cpu.halfClkCount += 1
addr = cpu.getAddressBusValue()
if cpu.isHigh(cpu.padIndCLK0):
if cpu.isLow(cpu.padIndRW):
data = cpu.getDataBusValue()
self.writeMemory(addr, data)
else:
# 6507's CLK0 is low
if cpu.isHigh(cpu.padIndRW):
self.readMemory(addr)