コード例 #1
0
ファイル: network.py プロジェクト: martexcoin/encompass
class Network(util.DaemonThread):
    """The Network class manages a set of connections to remote
    electrum servers, each connection is handled by its own
    thread object returned from Interface().  Its external API:

    - Member functions get_header(), get_parameters(), get_status_value(),
                       new_blockchain_height(), set_parameters(), start(),
                       stop()
    """

    def __init__(self, pipe, config=None, active_chain=None):
        if config is None:
            config = {}  # Do not use mutables as default values!
        util.DaemonThread.__init__(self)
        self.config = SimpleConfig(config) if type(config) == type({}) else config

        if active_chain is None:
            active_chain = chainparams.get_active_chain()
        self.active_chain = active_chain

        self.num_server = 8 if not self.config.get('oneserver') else 0
        self.blockchain = Blockchain(self.config, self, self.active_chain)
        self.queue = Queue.Queue()
        self.requests_queue = pipe.send_queue
        self.response_queue = pipe.get_queue
        # run() will block while this event is cleared
        self.chain_switched = threading.Event()
        self.chain_switched.set()
        # A deque of interface header requests, processed left-to-right
        self.bc_requests = deque()
        # Server for addresses and transactions
        self.sanitize_default_server()

        self.irc_servers = {} # returned by interface (list from irc)
        self.recent_servers = self.read_recent_servers()

        self.banner = ''
        self.heights = {}
        self.merkle_roots = {}
        self.utxo_roots = {}

        dir_path = os.path.join( self.config.path, 'certs')
        if not os.path.exists(dir_path):
            os.mkdir(dir_path)

        # subscriptions and requests
        self.subscribed_addresses = set()
        # cached address status
        self.addr_responses = {}
        # unanswered requests
        self.unanswered_requests = {}
        # retry times
        self.server_retry_time = time.time()
        self.nodes_retry_time = time.time()
        # kick off the network.  interface is the main server we are currently
        # communicating with.  interfaces is the set of servers we are connecting
        # to or have an ongoing connection with
        self.interface = None
        self.interfaces = {}
        self.start_network(deserialize_server(self.default_server)[2],
                           deserialize_proxy(self.config.get('proxy')))

    def switch_chains(self, chaincode=None):
        if chaincode is None:
            chain = chainparams.get_active_chain()
        else:
            chain = chainparams.get_chain_instance(chaincode)
        self.chain_switched.clear()
        self.active_chain = chain
        if self.config.get_active_chain_code() != self.active_chain.code:
            self.config.set_active_chain_code(self.active_chain.code)
        self.print_error('switching chains to {}'.format(chain.code))
        self.stop_network()
        time.sleep(0.2)
        self.bc_requests.clear()
        self.blockchain = Blockchain(self.config, self, self.active_chain)
        self.queue = Queue.Queue()

        self.sanitize_default_server()

        self.irc_servers = {} # returned by interface (list from irc)
        self.recent_servers = self.read_recent_servers()

        self.banner = ''
        self.heights = {}
        self.merkle_roots = {}
        self.utxo_roots = {}

        self.interface = None
        self.interfaces = {}

        # subscriptions and requests
        self.subscribed_addresses = set()
        # cached address status
        self.addr_responses = {}
        # unanswered requests
        self.unanswered_requests = {}

        self.blockchain.init()
        # Start the new network
        self.start_network(deserialize_server(self.default_server)[2],
                           deserialize_proxy(self.config.get('proxy')))
        time.sleep(0.2)
        self.chain_switched.set()

    def sanitize_default_server(self):
        """Load the default server from config."""
        self.default_server = self.config.get('server')
        self.use_ssl = self.config.get('use_ssl', True)

        try:
            deserialize_server(self.default_server)
        except Exception:
            self.default_server = None

        if not self.default_server:
            self.default_server = pick_random_server(active_chain=self.active_chain, protocol=get_protocol_letter(self.use_ssl))

    def read_recent_servers(self):
        return self.config.get('recent_servers', [])

    def save_recent_servers(self):
        self.config.set_key('recent_servers', self.recent_servers, True)

    def get_server_height(self):
        return self.heights.get(self.default_server, 0)

    def server_is_lagging(self):
        sh = self.get_server_height()
        if not sh:
            self.print_error('no height for main interface')
            return False
        lh = self.get_local_height()
        result = (lh - sh) > 1
        if result:
            self.print_error('%s is lagging (%d vs %d)' % (self.default_server, sh, lh))
        return result

    def set_status(self, status):
        self.connection_status = status
        self.notify('status')

    def is_connected(self):
        return self.interface and self.interface.is_connected()

    def send_subscriptions(self):
        # clear cache
        self.cached_responses = {}
        self.print_error('sending subscriptions to', self.interface.server, len(self.unanswered_requests), len(self.subscribed_addresses))
        for r in self.unanswered_requests.values():
            self.interface.send_request(r)
        for addr in self.subscribed_addresses:
            self.interface.send_request({'method':'blockchain.address.subscribe','params':[addr]})
        self.interface.send_request({'method':'server.banner','params':[]})
        self.interface.send_request({'method':'server.peers.subscribe','params':[]})

    def get_status_value(self, key):
        if key == 'status':
            value = self.connection_status
        elif key == 'banner':
            value = self.banner
        elif key == 'updated':
            value = (self.get_local_height(), self.get_server_height())
        elif key == 'servers':
            value = self.get_servers()
        elif key == 'interfaces':
            value = self.get_interfaces()
        return value

    def notify(self, key):
        value = self.get_status_value(key)
        self.response_queue.put({'method':'network.status', 'params':[key, value]})

    def get_parameters(self):
        host, port, protocol = deserialize_server(self.default_server)
        return host, port, protocol, self.proxy, self.auto_connect()

    def auto_connect(self):
        return self.config.get('auto_connect', True)

    def get_interfaces(self):
        '''The interfaces that are in connected state'''
        return [s for s, i in self.interfaces.items() if i.is_connected()]

    def get_servers(self):
        if self.irc_servers:
            out = self.irc_servers
        else:
            out = self.active_chain.DEFAULT_SERVERS
            for s in self.recent_servers:
                try:
                    host, port, protocol = deserialize_server(s)
                except:
                    continue
                if host not in out:
                    out[host] = { protocol:port }
        return out

    def start_interface(self, server):
        if not server in self.interfaces.keys():
            if server == self.default_server:
                self.set_status('connecting')
            i = interface.Interface(server, self.queue, self.config)
            self.interfaces[i.server] = i
            i.start()

    def start_random_interface(self):
        exclude_set = self.disconnected_servers.union(set(self.interfaces))
        server = pick_random_server(self.get_servers(), self.protocol, exclude_set)
        if server:
            self.start_interface(server)

    def start_interfaces(self):
        self.start_interface(self.default_server)
        for i in range(self.num_server - 1):
            self.start_random_interface()

    def set_proxy(self, proxy):
        self.proxy = proxy
        if proxy:
            proxy_mode = proxy_modes.index(proxy["mode"]) + 1
            socks.setdefaultproxy(proxy_mode, proxy["host"], int(proxy["port"]))
            socket.socket = socks.socksocket
            # prevent dns leaks, see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13184205/dns-over-proxy
            socket.getaddrinfo = lambda *args: [(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 6, '', (args[0], args[1]))]
        else:
            socket.socket = socket._socketobject
            socket.getaddrinfo = socket._socket.getaddrinfo

    def start_network(self, protocol, proxy):
        assert not self.interface and not self.interfaces
        self.print_error('starting network')
        self.disconnected_servers = set([])
        self.protocol = protocol
        self.set_proxy(proxy)
        self.start_interfaces()

    def stop_network(self):
        self.print_error("stopping network")
        for i in self.interfaces.values():
            i.stop()
        self.interface = None
        self.interfaces = {}

    def set_parameters(self, host, port, protocol, proxy, auto_connect):
        server = serialize_server(host, port, protocol)
        if self.proxy != proxy or self.protocol != protocol:
            # Restart the network defaulting to the given server
            self.stop_network()
            self.default_server = server
            self.start_network(protocol, proxy)
        elif self.default_server != server:
            self.switch_to_interface(server)
        else:
            self.switch_lagging_interface()

    def switch_to_random_interface(self):
        servers = self.get_interfaces()    # Those in connected state
        if servers:
            self.switch_to_interface(random.choice(servers))

    def switch_lagging_interface(self, suggestion = None):
        '''If auto_connect and lagging, switch interface'''
        if self.server_is_lagging() and self.auto_connect():
            if suggestion and self.protocol == deserialize_server(suggestion)[2]:
                self.switch_to_interface(suggestion)
            else:
                self.switch_to_random_interface()

    def switch_to_interface(self, server):
        '''Switch to server as our interface.  If no connection exists nor
        being opened, start a thread to connect.  The actual switch will
        happen on receipt of the connection notification.  Do nothing
        if server already is our interface.'''
        self.default_server = server
        if server not in self.interfaces:
            self.print_error("starting %s; will switch once connected" % server)
            self.start_interface(server)
            return
        i = self.interfaces[server]
        if not i.is_connected():
            # do nothing; we will switch once connected
            return
        if self.interface != i:
            self.print_error("switching to", server)
            # stop any current interface in order to terminate subscriptions
            self.stop_interface()
            self.interface = i
            self.addr_responses = {}
            self.send_subscriptions()
            self.set_status('connected')
            self.notify('updated')

    def stop_interface(self):
        if self.interface:
            self.interface.stop()
            self.interface = None

    def add_recent_server(self, i):
        # list is ordered
        s = i.server
        if s in self.recent_servers:
            self.recent_servers.remove(s)
        self.recent_servers.insert(0,s)
        self.recent_servers = self.recent_servers[0:20]
        self.save_recent_servers()

    def new_blockchain_height(self, blockchain_height, i):
        self.switch_lagging_interface(i.server)
        self.notify('updated')

    def process_if_notification(self, i):
        '''Handle interface addition and removal through notifications'''
        if i.is_connected():
            self.add_recent_server(i)
            i.send_request({'method':'blockchain.headers.subscribe','params':[]})
            if i.server == self.default_server:
                self.switch_to_interface(i.server)
        else:
            self.interfaces.pop(i.server, None)
            self.heights.pop(i.server, None)
            if i == self.interface:
                self.interface = None
                self.addr_responses = {}
                self.set_status('disconnected')
            self.disconnected_servers.add(i.server)
        # Our set of interfaces changed
        self.notify('interfaces')

    def process_response(self, i, response):
        # the id comes from the daemon or the network proxy
        _id = response.get('id')
        if _id is not None:
            if i != self.interface:
                return
            self.unanswered_requests.pop(_id)

        method = response.get('method')
        result = response.get('result')
        if method == 'blockchain.headers.subscribe':
            self.on_header(i, response)
        elif method == 'server.peers.subscribe':
            self.irc_servers = parse_servers(result)
            self.notify('servers')
        elif method == 'server.banner':
            self.banner = result
            self.notify('banner')
        elif method == 'blockchain.address.subscribe':
            addr = response.get('params')[0]
            self.addr_responses[addr] = result
            self.response_queue.put(response)
        elif method == 'blockchain.block.get_chunk':
            self.on_get_chunk(i, response)
        elif method == 'blockchain.block.get_header':
            self.on_get_header(i, response)
        else:
            self.response_queue.put(response)

    def handle_requests(self):
        '''Some requests require connectivity, others we handle locally in
        process_request() and must do so in order to e.g. prevent the
        daemon seeming unresponsive.
        '''
        unhandled = []
        while not self.requests_queue.empty():
            request = self.requests_queue.get()
            if not self.process_request(request):
                unhandled.append(request)
        for request in unhandled:
            self.requests_queue.put(request)

    def process_request(self, request):
        '''Returns true if the request was processed.'''
        method = request['method']
        params = request['params']
        _id = request['id']

        if method.startswith('network.'):
            out = {'id':_id}
            try:
                f = getattr(self, method[8:])
                out['result'] = f(*params)
            except AttributeError:
                out['error'] = "unknown method"
            except BaseException as e:
                out['error'] = str(e)
                traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)
                self.print_error("network error", str(e))
            self.response_queue.put(out)
            return True

        if method == 'blockchain.address.subscribe':
            addr = params[0]
            self.subscribed_addresses.add(addr)
            if addr in self.addr_responses:
                self.response_queue.put({'id':_id, 'result':self.addr_responses[addr]})
                return True

        # This request needs connectivity.  If we don't have an
        # interface, we cannot process it.
        if not self.is_connected():
            return False

        self.unanswered_requests[_id] = request
        self.interface.send_request(request)
        return True

    def check_interfaces(self):
        now = time.time()
        # nodes
        if len(self.interfaces) < self.num_server:
            self.start_random_interface()
            if now - self.nodes_retry_time > NODES_RETRY_INTERVAL:
                self.print_error('retrying connections to reach preferred number of interfaces ({}/{})'.format(len(self.interfaces), self.num_server))
                self.disconnected_servers = set([])
                self.nodes_retry_time = now
        # main interface
        if not self.is_connected():
            if self.auto_connect():
                self.switch_to_random_interface()
            else:
                if self.default_server in self.disconnected_servers:
                    if now - self.server_retry_time > SERVER_RETRY_INTERVAL:
                        self.disconnected_servers.remove(self.default_server)
                        self.server_retry_time = now
                else:
                    self.switch_to_interface(self.default_server)

    def request_chunk(self, interface, data, idx):
        interface.print_error("requesting chunk %d" % idx)
        interface.send_request({'method':'blockchain.block.get_chunk', 'params':[idx]})
        data['chunk_idx'] = idx
        data['req_time'] = time.time()

    def on_get_chunk(self, interface, response):
        '''Handle receiving a chunk of block headers'''
        if self.bc_requests:
            req_if, data = self.bc_requests[0]
            req_idx = data.get('chunk_idx')
            # Ignore unsolicited chunks
            if req_if == interface and req_idx == response['params'][0]:
                idx = self.blockchain.connect_chunk(req_idx, response['result'])
                # If not finished, get the next chunk
                if idx < 0 or not idx or self.get_local_height() >= data['if_height']:
                    self.bc_requests.popleft()
                    if not idx:
                        interface.print_error("header didn't match checkpoint, dismissing interface")
                        interface.stop()
                else:
                    self.request_chunk(interface, data, idx)

    def request_header(self, interface, data, height):
        interface.print_error("requesting header %d" % height)
        interface.send_request({'method':'blockchain.block.get_header', 'params':[height]})
        data['header_height'] = height
        data['req_time'] = time.time()
        if not 'chain' in data:
            data['chain'] = []

    def on_get_header(self, interface, response):
        '''Handle receiving a single block header'''
        if self.bc_requests:
            req_if, data = self.bc_requests[0]
            req_height = data.get('header_height', -1)
            # Ignore unsolicited headers
            if req_if == interface and req_height == response['params'][0]:
                next_height = self.blockchain.connect_header(data['chain'], response['result'])
                # If not finished, get the next header
                if next_height in [True, False]:
                    self.bc_requests.popleft()
                    if next_height:
                        self.notify('updated')
                    else:
                        interface.print_error("header didn't connect, dismissing interface")
                        interface.stop()
                else:
                    self.request_header(interface, data, next_height)

    def bc_request_headers(self, interface, data):
        '''Send a request for the next header, or a chunk of them, if necessary'''
        local_height, if_height = self.get_local_height(), data['if_height']
        if if_height <= local_height:
            return False
        elif if_height > local_height + 50:
            self.request_chunk(interface, data, (local_height + 1) / self.active_chain.chunk_size)
        else:
            self.request_header(interface, data, if_height)
        return True

    def handle_bc_requests(self):
        '''Work through each interface that has notified us of a new header.
        Send it requests if it is ahead of our blockchain object'''
        while self.bc_requests:
            interface, data = self.bc_requests.popleft()
            # If the connection was lost move on
            if not interface.is_connected():
                continue

            req_time = data.get('req_time')
            if not req_time:
                # No requests sent yet.  This interface has a new height.
                # Request headers if it is ahead of our blockchain
                if not self.bc_request_headers(interface, data):
                    continue
            elif time.time() - req_time > 10:
                interface.print_error("blockchain request timed out")
                interface.stop()
                continue
            # Put updated request state back at head of deque
            self.bc_requests.appendleft((interface, data))
            break

    def run(self):
        self.blockchain.init()
        while self.is_running():
            # wait if we're switching chains
            self.chain_switched.wait()
            self.check_interfaces()
            self.handle_requests()
            self.handle_bc_requests()
            try:
                i, response = self.queue.get(timeout=0.1)
            except Queue.Empty:
                continue

            # if response is None it is a notification about the interface
            if response is None:
                self.process_if_notification(i)
            else:
                self.process_response(i, response)

        self.stop_network()
        self.print_error("stopped")

    def on_header(self, i, r):
        header = r.get('result')
        if not header:
            return
        height = header.get('block_height')
        if not height:
            return
        self.heights[i.server] = height
        self.merkle_roots[i.server] = header.get('merkle_root')
        self.utxo_roots[i.server] = header.get('utxo_root')

        # Queue this interface's height for asynchronous catch-up
        self.bc_requests.append((i, {'if_height': height}))

        if i == self.interface:
            self.switch_lagging_interface()
            self.notify('updated')


    def get_header(self, tx_height):
        return self.blockchain.read_header(tx_height)

    def get_local_height(self):
        return self.blockchain.height()
コード例 #2
0
ファイル: network.py プロジェクト: martexcoin/encompass
class Network(util.DaemonThread):
    """The Network class manages a set of connections to remote
    electrum servers, each connection is handled by its own
    thread object returned from Interface().  Its external API:

    - Member functions get_header(), get_parameters(), get_status_value(),
                       new_blockchain_height(), set_parameters(), start(),
                       stop()
    """
    def __init__(self, pipe, config=None, active_chain=None):
        if config is None:
            config = {}  # Do not use mutables as default values!
        util.DaemonThread.__init__(self)
        self.config = SimpleConfig(config) if type(config) == type(
            {}) else config

        if active_chain is None:
            active_chain = chainparams.get_active_chain()
        self.active_chain = active_chain

        self.num_server = 8 if not self.config.get('oneserver') else 0
        self.blockchain = Blockchain(self.config, self, self.active_chain)
        self.queue = Queue.Queue()
        self.requests_queue = pipe.send_queue
        self.response_queue = pipe.get_queue
        # run() will block while this event is cleared
        self.chain_switched = threading.Event()
        self.chain_switched.set()
        # A deque of interface header requests, processed left-to-right
        self.bc_requests = deque()
        # Server for addresses and transactions
        self.sanitize_default_server()

        self.irc_servers = {}  # returned by interface (list from irc)
        self.recent_servers = self.read_recent_servers()

        self.banner = ''
        self.heights = {}
        self.merkle_roots = {}
        self.utxo_roots = {}

        dir_path = os.path.join(self.config.path, 'certs')
        if not os.path.exists(dir_path):
            os.mkdir(dir_path)

        # subscriptions and requests
        self.subscribed_addresses = set()
        # cached address status
        self.addr_responses = {}
        # unanswered requests
        self.unanswered_requests = {}
        # retry times
        self.server_retry_time = time.time()
        self.nodes_retry_time = time.time()
        # kick off the network.  interface is the main server we are currently
        # communicating with.  interfaces is the set of servers we are connecting
        # to or have an ongoing connection with
        self.interface = None
        self.interfaces = {}
        self.start_network(
            deserialize_server(self.default_server)[2],
            deserialize_proxy(self.config.get('proxy')))

    def switch_chains(self, chaincode=None):
        if chaincode is None:
            chain = chainparams.get_active_chain()
        else:
            chain = chainparams.get_chain_instance(chaincode)
        self.chain_switched.clear()
        self.active_chain = chain
        if self.config.get_active_chain_code() != self.active_chain.code:
            self.config.set_active_chain_code(self.active_chain.code)
        self.print_error('switching chains to {}'.format(chain.code))
        self.stop_network()
        time.sleep(0.2)
        self.bc_requests.clear()
        self.blockchain = Blockchain(self.config, self, self.active_chain)
        self.queue = Queue.Queue()

        self.sanitize_default_server()

        self.irc_servers = {}  # returned by interface (list from irc)
        self.recent_servers = self.read_recent_servers()

        self.banner = ''
        self.heights = {}
        self.merkle_roots = {}
        self.utxo_roots = {}

        self.interface = None
        self.interfaces = {}

        # subscriptions and requests
        self.subscribed_addresses = set()
        # cached address status
        self.addr_responses = {}
        # unanswered requests
        self.unanswered_requests = {}

        self.blockchain.init()
        # Start the new network
        self.start_network(
            deserialize_server(self.default_server)[2],
            deserialize_proxy(self.config.get('proxy')))
        time.sleep(0.2)
        self.chain_switched.set()

    def sanitize_default_server(self):
        """Load the default server from config."""
        self.default_server = self.config.get('server')
        self.use_ssl = self.config.get('use_ssl', True)

        try:
            deserialize_server(self.default_server)
        except Exception:
            self.default_server = None

        if not self.default_server:
            self.default_server = pick_random_server(
                active_chain=self.active_chain,
                protocol=get_protocol_letter(self.use_ssl))

    def read_recent_servers(self):
        return self.config.get('recent_servers', [])

    def save_recent_servers(self):
        self.config.set_key('recent_servers', self.recent_servers, True)

    def get_server_height(self):
        return self.heights.get(self.default_server, 0)

    def server_is_lagging(self):
        sh = self.get_server_height()
        if not sh:
            self.print_error('no height for main interface')
            return False
        lh = self.get_local_height()
        result = (lh - sh) > 1
        if result:
            self.print_error('%s is lagging (%d vs %d)' %
                             (self.default_server, sh, lh))
        return result

    def set_status(self, status):
        self.connection_status = status
        self.notify('status')

    def is_connected(self):
        return self.interface and self.interface.is_connected()

    def send_subscriptions(self):
        # clear cache
        self.cached_responses = {}
        self.print_error('sending subscriptions to', self.interface.server,
                         len(self.unanswered_requests),
                         len(self.subscribed_addresses))
        for r in self.unanswered_requests.values():
            self.interface.send_request(r)
        for addr in self.subscribed_addresses:
            self.interface.send_request({
                'method': 'blockchain.address.subscribe',
                'params': [addr]
            })
        self.interface.send_request({'method': 'server.banner', 'params': []})
        self.interface.send_request({
            'method': 'server.peers.subscribe',
            'params': []
        })

    def get_status_value(self, key):
        if key == 'status':
            value = self.connection_status
        elif key == 'banner':
            value = self.banner
        elif key == 'updated':
            value = (self.get_local_height(), self.get_server_height())
        elif key == 'servers':
            value = self.get_servers()
        elif key == 'interfaces':
            value = self.get_interfaces()
        return value

    def notify(self, key):
        value = self.get_status_value(key)
        self.response_queue.put({
            'method': 'network.status',
            'params': [key, value]
        })

    def get_parameters(self):
        host, port, protocol = deserialize_server(self.default_server)
        return host, port, protocol, self.proxy, self.auto_connect()

    def auto_connect(self):
        return self.config.get('auto_connect', True)

    def get_interfaces(self):
        '''The interfaces that are in connected state'''
        return [s for s, i in self.interfaces.items() if i.is_connected()]

    def get_servers(self):
        if self.irc_servers:
            out = self.irc_servers
        else:
            out = self.active_chain.DEFAULT_SERVERS
            for s in self.recent_servers:
                try:
                    host, port, protocol = deserialize_server(s)
                except:
                    continue
                if host not in out:
                    out[host] = {protocol: port}
        return out

    def start_interface(self, server):
        if not server in self.interfaces.keys():
            if server == self.default_server:
                self.set_status('connecting')
            i = interface.Interface(server, self.queue, self.config)
            self.interfaces[i.server] = i
            i.start()

    def start_random_interface(self):
        exclude_set = self.disconnected_servers.union(set(self.interfaces))
        server = pick_random_server(self.get_servers(), self.protocol,
                                    exclude_set)
        if server:
            self.start_interface(server)

    def start_interfaces(self):
        self.start_interface(self.default_server)
        for i in range(self.num_server - 1):
            self.start_random_interface()

    def set_proxy(self, proxy):
        self.proxy = proxy
        if proxy:
            proxy_mode = proxy_modes.index(proxy["mode"]) + 1
            socks.setdefaultproxy(proxy_mode, proxy["host"],
                                  int(proxy["port"]))
            socket.socket = socks.socksocket
            # prevent dns leaks, see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13184205/dns-over-proxy
            socket.getaddrinfo = lambda *args: [(
                socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 6, '', (args[0], args[1]))]
        else:
            socket.socket = socket._socketobject
            socket.getaddrinfo = socket._socket.getaddrinfo

    def start_network(self, protocol, proxy):
        assert not self.interface and not self.interfaces
        self.print_error('starting network')
        self.disconnected_servers = set([])
        self.protocol = protocol
        self.set_proxy(proxy)
        self.start_interfaces()

    def stop_network(self):
        self.print_error("stopping network")
        for i in self.interfaces.values():
            i.stop()
        self.interface = None
        self.interfaces = {}

    def set_parameters(self, host, port, protocol, proxy, auto_connect):
        server = serialize_server(host, port, protocol)
        if self.proxy != proxy or self.protocol != protocol:
            # Restart the network defaulting to the given server
            self.stop_network()
            self.default_server = server
            self.start_network(protocol, proxy)
        elif self.default_server != server:
            self.switch_to_interface(server)
        else:
            self.switch_lagging_interface()

    def switch_to_random_interface(self):
        servers = self.get_interfaces()  # Those in connected state
        if servers:
            self.switch_to_interface(random.choice(servers))

    def switch_lagging_interface(self, suggestion=None):
        '''If auto_connect and lagging, switch interface'''
        if self.server_is_lagging() and self.auto_connect():
            if suggestion and self.protocol == deserialize_server(
                    suggestion)[2]:
                self.switch_to_interface(suggestion)
            else:
                self.switch_to_random_interface()

    def switch_to_interface(self, server):
        '''Switch to server as our interface.  If no connection exists nor
        being opened, start a thread to connect.  The actual switch will
        happen on receipt of the connection notification.  Do nothing
        if server already is our interface.'''
        self.default_server = server
        if server not in self.interfaces:
            self.print_error("starting %s; will switch once connected" %
                             server)
            self.start_interface(server)
            return
        i = self.interfaces[server]
        if not i.is_connected():
            # do nothing; we will switch once connected
            return
        if self.interface != i:
            self.print_error("switching to", server)
            # stop any current interface in order to terminate subscriptions
            self.stop_interface()
            self.interface = i
            self.addr_responses = {}
            self.send_subscriptions()
            self.set_status('connected')
            self.notify('updated')

    def stop_interface(self):
        if self.interface:
            self.interface.stop()
            self.interface = None

    def add_recent_server(self, i):
        # list is ordered
        s = i.server
        if s in self.recent_servers:
            self.recent_servers.remove(s)
        self.recent_servers.insert(0, s)
        self.recent_servers = self.recent_servers[0:20]
        self.save_recent_servers()

    def new_blockchain_height(self, blockchain_height, i):
        self.switch_lagging_interface(i.server)
        self.notify('updated')

    def process_if_notification(self, i):
        '''Handle interface addition and removal through notifications'''
        if i.is_connected():
            self.add_recent_server(i)
            i.send_request({
                'method': 'blockchain.headers.subscribe',
                'params': []
            })
            if i.server == self.default_server:
                self.switch_to_interface(i.server)
        else:
            self.interfaces.pop(i.server, None)
            self.heights.pop(i.server, None)
            if i == self.interface:
                self.interface = None
                self.addr_responses = {}
                self.set_status('disconnected')
            self.disconnected_servers.add(i.server)
        # Our set of interfaces changed
        self.notify('interfaces')

    def process_response(self, i, response):
        # the id comes from the daemon or the network proxy
        _id = response.get('id')
        if _id is not None:
            if i != self.interface:
                return
            self.unanswered_requests.pop(_id)

        method = response.get('method')
        result = response.get('result')
        if method == 'blockchain.headers.subscribe':
            self.on_header(i, response)
        elif method == 'server.peers.subscribe':
            self.irc_servers = parse_servers(result)
            self.notify('servers')
        elif method == 'server.banner':
            self.banner = result
            self.notify('banner')
        elif method == 'blockchain.address.subscribe':
            addr = response.get('params')[0]
            self.addr_responses[addr] = result
            self.response_queue.put(response)
        elif method == 'blockchain.block.get_chunk':
            self.on_get_chunk(i, response)
        elif method == 'blockchain.block.get_header':
            self.on_get_header(i, response)
        else:
            self.response_queue.put(response)

    def handle_requests(self):
        '''Some requests require connectivity, others we handle locally in
        process_request() and must do so in order to e.g. prevent the
        daemon seeming unresponsive.
        '''
        unhandled = []
        while not self.requests_queue.empty():
            request = self.requests_queue.get()
            if not self.process_request(request):
                unhandled.append(request)
        for request in unhandled:
            self.requests_queue.put(request)

    def process_request(self, request):
        '''Returns true if the request was processed.'''
        method = request['method']
        params = request['params']
        _id = request['id']

        if method.startswith('network.'):
            out = {'id': _id}
            try:
                f = getattr(self, method[8:])
                out['result'] = f(*params)
            except AttributeError:
                out['error'] = "unknown method"
            except BaseException as e:
                out['error'] = str(e)
                traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)
                self.print_error("network error", str(e))
            self.response_queue.put(out)
            return True

        if method == 'blockchain.address.subscribe':
            addr = params[0]
            self.subscribed_addresses.add(addr)
            if addr in self.addr_responses:
                self.response_queue.put({
                    'id': _id,
                    'result': self.addr_responses[addr]
                })
                return True

        # This request needs connectivity.  If we don't have an
        # interface, we cannot process it.
        if not self.is_connected():
            return False

        self.unanswered_requests[_id] = request
        self.interface.send_request(request)
        return True

    def check_interfaces(self):
        now = time.time()
        # nodes
        if len(self.interfaces) < self.num_server:
            self.start_random_interface()
            if now - self.nodes_retry_time > NODES_RETRY_INTERVAL:
                self.print_error(
                    'retrying connections to reach preferred number of interfaces ({}/{})'
                    .format(len(self.interfaces), self.num_server))
                self.disconnected_servers = set([])
                self.nodes_retry_time = now
        # main interface
        if not self.is_connected():
            if self.auto_connect():
                self.switch_to_random_interface()
            else:
                if self.default_server in self.disconnected_servers:
                    if now - self.server_retry_time > SERVER_RETRY_INTERVAL:
                        self.disconnected_servers.remove(self.default_server)
                        self.server_retry_time = now
                else:
                    self.switch_to_interface(self.default_server)

    def request_chunk(self, interface, data, idx):
        interface.print_error("requesting chunk %d" % idx)
        interface.send_request({
            'method': 'blockchain.block.get_chunk',
            'params': [idx]
        })
        data['chunk_idx'] = idx
        data['req_time'] = time.time()

    def on_get_chunk(self, interface, response):
        '''Handle receiving a chunk of block headers'''
        if self.bc_requests:
            req_if, data = self.bc_requests[0]
            req_idx = data.get('chunk_idx')
            # Ignore unsolicited chunks
            if req_if == interface and req_idx == response['params'][0]:
                idx = self.blockchain.connect_chunk(req_idx,
                                                    response['result'])
                # If not finished, get the next chunk
                if idx < 0 or not idx or self.get_local_height(
                ) >= data['if_height']:
                    self.bc_requests.popleft()
                    if not idx:
                        interface.print_error(
                            "header didn't match checkpoint, dismissing interface"
                        )
                        interface.stop()
                else:
                    self.request_chunk(interface, data, idx)

    def request_header(self, interface, data, height):
        interface.print_error("requesting header %d" % height)
        interface.send_request({
            'method': 'blockchain.block.get_header',
            'params': [height]
        })
        data['header_height'] = height
        data['req_time'] = time.time()
        if not 'chain' in data:
            data['chain'] = []

    def on_get_header(self, interface, response):
        '''Handle receiving a single block header'''
        if self.bc_requests:
            req_if, data = self.bc_requests[0]
            req_height = data.get('header_height', -1)
            # Ignore unsolicited headers
            if req_if == interface and req_height == response['params'][0]:
                next_height = self.blockchain.connect_header(
                    data['chain'], response['result'])
                # If not finished, get the next header
                if next_height in [True, False]:
                    self.bc_requests.popleft()
                    if next_height:
                        self.notify('updated')
                    else:
                        interface.print_error(
                            "header didn't connect, dismissing interface")
                        interface.stop()
                else:
                    self.request_header(interface, data, next_height)

    def bc_request_headers(self, interface, data):
        '''Send a request for the next header, or a chunk of them, if necessary'''
        local_height, if_height = self.get_local_height(), data['if_height']
        if if_height <= local_height:
            return False
        elif if_height > local_height + 50:
            self.request_chunk(interface, data, (local_height + 1) /
                               self.active_chain.chunk_size)
        else:
            self.request_header(interface, data, if_height)
        return True

    def handle_bc_requests(self):
        '''Work through each interface that has notified us of a new header.
        Send it requests if it is ahead of our blockchain object'''
        while self.bc_requests:
            interface, data = self.bc_requests.popleft()
            # If the connection was lost move on
            if not interface.is_connected():
                continue

            req_time = data.get('req_time')
            if not req_time:
                # No requests sent yet.  This interface has a new height.
                # Request headers if it is ahead of our blockchain
                if not self.bc_request_headers(interface, data):
                    continue
            elif time.time() - req_time > 10:
                interface.print_error("blockchain request timed out")
                interface.stop()
                continue
            # Put updated request state back at head of deque
            self.bc_requests.appendleft((interface, data))
            break

    def run(self):
        self.blockchain.init()
        while self.is_running():
            # wait if we're switching chains
            self.chain_switched.wait()
            self.check_interfaces()
            self.handle_requests()
            self.handle_bc_requests()
            try:
                i, response = self.queue.get(timeout=0.1)
            except Queue.Empty:
                continue

            # if response is None it is a notification about the interface
            if response is None:
                self.process_if_notification(i)
            else:
                self.process_response(i, response)

        self.stop_network()
        self.print_error("stopped")

    def on_header(self, i, r):
        header = r.get('result')
        if not header:
            return
        height = header.get('block_height')
        if not height:
            return
        self.heights[i.server] = height
        self.merkle_roots[i.server] = header.get('merkle_root')
        self.utxo_roots[i.server] = header.get('utxo_root')

        # Queue this interface's height for asynchronous catch-up
        self.bc_requests.append((i, {'if_height': height}))

        if i == self.interface:
            self.switch_lagging_interface()
            self.notify('updated')

    def get_header(self, tx_height):
        return self.blockchain.read_header(tx_height)

    def get_local_height(self):
        return self.blockchain.height()