def CV(clf,X,y,seeds=range(3)): ## shuffle data, and to alter method via seed.
if type(seeds).__name__=='int': ## shuffle only once.
cv=np.sqrt(-cvs(clf,X,y,scoring=scorer,cv=KFold(10,True,seeds).split(X,y)))
print('Mean: ',round(np.mean(cv)*1e4,3),'\tMax: ',round(np.max(cv)*1e4,3))
else:
median=[]; worst=[]; meen=[]
for seed in seeds:
cv=np.sqrt(-cvs(clf,X,y,scoring=scorer,cv=KFold(10,True,seed).split(X,y)))
worst.append(np.max(cv)); meen.append(np.mean(cv))
print('Mean3: ',round(np.mean(meen)*1e4,3),'\tMax3: ',round(np.mean(worst)*1e4,3))
def runBestRegsCompKFold(dataSets=[], regModels=[], names=[]):
myResults = {}
for ds in dataSets:
myData, myTrain, myVal = dataEncoding(ds, taskID='filesReg')
#myTrain = skb(f_regression, k=3).fit_transform(myTrain,myVal)
for name in myTrain.columns:
if (not (myTrain[name].dtype == 'O')):
myTrain[name] = pre.minmax_scale(myTrain[name].astype('float'))
splits = kf(n_splits=10, shuffle=True, random_state=42)
infinity = float("inf")
index = -1
count = -1
for reg in regModels:
count = count + 1
reg.fit(myTrain, myVal)
cvsScores = cvs(reg,
myTrain,
myVal,
cv=splits,
scoring='neg_mean_squared_error')
meanSquareRootError = np.sqrt(-1 * cvsScores.mean())
print(RegsCompNames[names[count]], meanSquareRootError)
if (meanSquareRootError < infinity):
infinity = meanSquareRootError
index = count
L1, L2, L3 = RegsCompNames[names[index]], cvsScores, infinity
print(filesReg[ds], RegsCompNames[names[index]], infinity)
myResults[filesReg[ds]] = {1: L1, 2: L2, 3: L3}
print('\n')
return myResults
def runBestClassificationKFold(dataSets=[], Classifiers=[], names=[]):
myResults = {}
le = pre.LabelEncoder()
for ds in dataSets:
myData, myTrain, myVal = dataEncoding(ds, taskID='filesBinClass')
le.fit(myVal)
myVal = le.transform(myVal)
#myTrain = skb(f_regression, k=6).fit_transform(myTrain,myVal)
#myTrain = skb(chi2, k=5).fit_transform(myTrain,myVal)
splits = sss(n_splits=10,
test_size=((len(myData) * .20) / len(myData)),
random_state=42)
#splits =kf(n_splits=10, shuffle=True, random_state=42)
infinity = -1.0 * float("inf")
index = -1
count = -1
for clf in Classifiers:
count = count + 1
clf.fit(myTrain, myVal)
cvsScores = cvs(clf, myTrain, myVal, cv=splits, scoring='roc_auc')
meanAUC = cvsScores.mean()
print(ClassifiersNames[names[count]], meanAUC)
if (meanAUC > infinity):
infinity = meanAUC
index = count
L1, L2, L3 = ClassifiersNames[
names[index]], cvsScores, infinity
print(filesBinClass[ds], ClassifiersNames[names[index]], infinity)
myResults[filesBinClass[ds]] = {1: L1, 2: L2, 3: L3}
print('\n')
return myResults
def cross_fold_val(self, model_list):
self.model_list = model_list
self.avg_scores = []
self.std_dev = []
self.model_names = []
for model_name, model in tqdm(self.model_list):
score = cvs(model,
self.A,
self.C,
cv=5,
scoring='neg_mean_absolute_error')
scores = abs(score) # MAE scoring is negative in cross_val_score
avg_score = np.mean(scores)
std = np.std(scores)
self.avg_scores.append(avg_score)
self.std_dev.append(std)
self.model_names.append(model_name)
output = "%s: %f (%f)" % (model_name, avg_score, std)
print(output)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 7))
plt.title(' Models with Cross Validation Scores comparison', size=20)
plt.ylabel('Avg_scores', fontsize=15, fontweight='bold')
plt.xlabel('model_list', fontsize=15, fontweight='bold')
plt.xticks(fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
plt.yticks(fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
ax.bar(self.model_names, self.avg_scores)
plt.show()
def runBestRegressionModelKFoldwFS(dataSets=[], regModels=[], names=[]):
myResults = {}
for ds in dataSets:
myData, myTrain, myVal = dataEncoding(ds, taskID='filesReg')
myTrain = skb(f_regression, k=5).fit_transform(myTrain, myVal)
splits = kf(n_splits=10, shuffle=True, random_state=42)
infinity = float("inf")
index = -1
count = -1
for reg in regModels:
count = count + 1
reg.fit(myTrain, myVal)
cvsScores = cvs(reg,
myTrain,
myVal,
cv=splits,
scoring='neg_mean_squared_error')
meanSquareRootError = np.sqrt(-1 * cvsScores.mean())
print(regsNames[names[count]], meanSquareRootError)
if (meanSquareRootError < infinity):
infinity = meanSquareRootError
index = count
L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 = regsNames[
names[index]], reg.intercept_, reg.coef_, np.exp(
reg.coef_), cvsScores, infinity
print(filesReg[ds], regsNames[names[index]], infinity)
myResults[filesReg[ds]] = {1: L1, 2: L2, 3: L3, 4: L4, 5: L5, 6: L6}
print('\n')
return myResults
def classification(data, labels, trials=3):
"""Performs classifications and obtain analytical scores.
Parameters
----------
data : List[List[float]]
labels : List[int]
trials : int
The number of trials of cross-validation.
Returns
-------
None
"""
clf1 = OneVsRestClassifier(
svm.SVC(kernel='poly', C=1, degree=6, probability=True))
clf2 = clone(clf1)
clf3 = clone(clf1)
trainingAccuracy = getTrainingAccuracy(clf1, data, labels)
# print("Training accuracy = " + str(trainingAccuracy))
CVSScores = cvs(clf2, data, labels, cv=trials)
# print("Cross-validation scores: " + str(CVSScores))
ROCAUC = getROCAUCScore(clf3, data, labels, trials)
# print("ROC AUC = " + str(ROCAUC))
return trainingAccuracy, np.mean(CVSScores), ROCAUC
def show_score(self):
import sklearn
if str(sklearn.__version__).startswith('0.18'):
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score as cvs
else:
from sklearn.cross_validation import cross_val_score as cvs
scores = cvs(self.model, self.X, self.targets, cv=5)
print("mean of scores is: " + str(scores.mean()))
def automatic_dt_pruning(dt_classifier, data, label):
np.random.seed(42)
alpha = []
score = []
for k in range(0, 100):
ccp_alpha_test = k / 100
dt_classifier.set_params(ccp_alpha=ccp_alpha_test)
alpha.append(ccp_alpha_test)
score.append(cvs(dt_classifier, data, label, cv=5).mean())
best_ccp_alpha = alpha[score.index(max(score))]
return best_ccp_alpha
def rfr_fillna(df_all):
'''
func:对于原来的表格进行缺失值填充，使用的方法是随机森林
paramas:
df_all:原来需要填充的表格
return:df_adda（新的表格）,model（填充模型）,MinMax_1st(归一化模型1),MinMax_2nd(归一化模型2)
'''
# 将数据分段，选择好要进行预测的因变量和自变量
user_id = df_all.iloc[:, 0]
X = df_all.iloc[:, 1:-1]
Y = df_all.iloc[:, -1]
X1 = X.copy()
Y2 = X1.iloc[:, 43:]
sex = X1.iloc[:, 0]
X2 = X1.iloc[:, 1:43]
# 量纲归一化
MinMax_1st = MinMaxScaler().fit(X2)
X2.iloc[:, :] = MinMax_1st.transform(X2)
X2 = pd.concat([sex, X2], axis=1)
# 对于模型进行筛选
model = {}
krange = range(4, 30)
for k in tqdm(list(Y2)):
X_train = X2[Y2[k].notnull()]
X_test = X2[Y2[k].isnull()]
Y_train = Y2[k][Y2[k].notnull()]
score = []
for i in krange:
rfr = RFR(min_samples_split=i, n_jobs=-1)
score_each = cvs(rfr, X_train, Y_train, cv=3, n_jobs=-1).mean()
score.append(score_each)
best_choose = list(krange)[np.argmax(score)]
rfr = RFR(min_samples_split=best_choose, n_jobs=-1)
rfr = rfr.fit(X_train, Y_train)
model[k] = rfr
Y2[k][Y2[k].isnull()] = rfr.predict(X_test)
# 对银行流水表再次量纲归一化
MinMax_2nd = MinMaxScaler().fit(Y2)
Y2.iloc[:, :] = MinMax_2nd.transform(Y2)
df_adda = pd.concat([X2, Y2], axis=1)
df_adda = pd.concat([user_id, df_adda, Y], axis=1)
return df_adda, model, MinMax_1st, MinMax_2nd
def build_classifier(self):
"""
build both and LDA and an SVM classifier for offline training. can lateron be used for online training
:return:
"""
self.clf = [LDA(n_components=None, priors=None, shrinkage='auto',
solver='eigen', store_covariance=False, tol=0.0001),
SVM(kernel='rbf', shrinking=True, probability=True, gamma='scale')]
# self.clf.fit(self.features, self.labels)
[c.fit(self.features, self.labels) for c in self.clf]
# possible to use methods predict(X), predict_log_proba(X) or predict_proba()
self.cv_scores = []
[self.cv_scores.append(cvs(estimator=c, X=self.features, y=self.labels, cv=10, n_jobs=-1)) for c in self.clf]
[print('mean cv score of clf {:d} is'.format(i), np.mean(cv)) for i, cv in enumerate(self.cv_scores)]
def build_abr(training_x, training_y, holdout_x, holdout_y, rounds):
'''
INPUT: training features, training target, holdout features, holdout target
OUTPUT: adaboost model, adaboost test score, adaboost train score
'''
# > BUILD ADABOOST REGRESSOR
# use defaults to get adaboost training error
_abr = a_br()
# get RMSE (take square root of absolute value
# of negative mse) using 5-fold Cross Validation
abr_train = sqrt(
abs(
np.array(
cvs(_abr,
training_x,
training_y,
cv=4,
n_jobs=-1,
verbose=False,
scoring='neg_mean_squared_error')).mean()))
# print training error
print('Adaboost_cross_val_score = ', abr_train)
# now onto test error...
# set parameters for Random Search
param_distribution = {
"loss": ['linear', "square", "exponential"],
"learning_rate": [.15, .25, .29, .33, .5, .6, .9],
"n_estimators": sp_randint(250, 1500)
}
# number of iterations on Random Search
n_iter_search = rounds
# set Random Search (r_search was import name)
_abr = r_search(_abr,
param_distributions=param_distribution,
n_iter=n_iter_search,
n_jobs=-1,
cv=4,
verbose=1)
# fit to training set
_abr.fit(training_x, training_y)
# get holdout score and print it
abr_test = sqrt(mse(holdout_y, _abr.predict(holdout_x)))
print('holdout_score = ', abr_test)
# return model and scores
return _abr, abr_test, abr_train
def lr_model(X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test):
'''
Set up logistic regession pipeline.
Input: train and test matricies
Output: model predictions and accuracy
'''
lr_model = LogisticRegression(C=0.1, penalty='l1')
lr_model.fit(X_train, y_train)
cv_score = np.mean(
cvs(lr_model, X_train, y_train, scoring='accuracy', cv=5, n_jobs=-1))
y_hat = lr_model.predict(X_test)
score = metrics.accuracy_score(y_test, y_hat)
print('LR CV Accuracy: {:.2f}'.format(cv_score))
print('LR Test Accuracy: {:.2f}'.format(score))
def linear_model(x_train='x_train.csv',
y_train='y_train.csv',
x_test='x_test.csv',
y_test='y_test.csv'):
Linear_model = LinearRegression()
Linear_model.fit(x_train, y_train)
scores = cvs(Linear_model, x_train, y_train, cv=10)
print("accuracy of linearRegressor " + str(scores.mean()))
rms = np.sqrt(
np.square(np.asarray(np.log(y_predict) - np.log(y_test))).sum() /
float(len(y_predict)))
print('RMSE = {}'.format(rms))
y_predict = Linear_model.predict(x_test)
return y_predict
def trainModel(clf,Algorithm, tr_x, tr_y,tr_te_x,tr_te_y):
clf.fit(tr_x, tr_y)
tr_score = clf.score(tr_x, tr_y)
print('训练集中切分的训练数据_%s score is %.4f' % (Algorithm, tr_score),end=' ')
te_score = clf.score(tr_te_x, tr_te_y)
print('训练集中切分的测试数据_%s score is %.4f' % (Algorithm, te_score),end=' ')
scores=cvs(clf,tr_x, tr_y,cv=5)
np_tr_scores=np.array(scores)
tr_mean_score=np_tr_scores.mean()
print('训练集中切分的训练数据交叉验证：_%s mena score is %.4f'%(Algorithm,tr_mean_score))
# te_scores = cvs(clf, tr_te_x,tr_te_y, cv=5)
# np_te_scores = np.array(te_scores)
# te_mean_score = np_te_scores.mean()
# print('训练集中切分的测试数据交叉验证：_%s mena score is %.4f' % (Algorithm, te_mean_score), end=' ')
return tr_score,te_score,tr_mean_score
def _cv_score(self, model: Pipeline, p_grid: dict, X: list, y: list,
metric: make_scorer, nest: bool = True, smote: bool = True
) -> (Pipeline, float, dict):
"""Big evaluation function, handles oversampling, and cross-val."""
neural = self.neural
if smote:
X, y = self._oversample(X, y, factor=3)
if p_grid:
# If nested add a layer of 3 splits, else just cross-validate with
# 10. If neural apply a simple split only.
n, _n = (10, 3) if nest else (10 if not neural else 2, 0)
print(f"running {_n} outer, {n} inner...")
cv = StratifiedKFold(n_splits=n, random_state=42)
if nest:
_cv = StratifiedKFold(n_splits=_n, random_state=42)
# Non_nested parameter search and scoring
grid = GridSearchCV(estimator=model, param_grid=p_grid, cv=cv,
scoring=metric,
n_jobs=1 if nest or neural else -1)
# NOTE: n_jobs sometimes needs to be tweaked (depending on where
# multi-threading happens). Above is the safest default config.
grid.fit(X, y)
print("\n> Inner CV F1:", grid.best_score_) # Score of 10-fold
clf = grid.best_estimator_
else:
try:
assert not nest
except AssertionError:
raise(ValueError(
"Set nest to false if no p_grid is provided."))
grid, clf = None, model
print("\n\n> Final model:\n")
for step in clf.steps:
print(step)
clf.fit(X, y) # Refit best_estimator_ on the entire train set
# Nested CV with parameter optimization v only if nested
return clf, cvs(clf, X, y, cv=_cv, scoring=metric) if nest else 0, grid
def rf_model(X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test):
'''
Set up logistic regession pipeline.
Input: train and test matricies
Output: model predictions and accuracy
'''
rf_model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=500,
min_samples_leaf=4,
min_samples_split=3,
max_features='sqrt')
rf_model.fit(X_train, y_train)
cv_score = np.mean(
cvs(rf_model, X_train, y_train, scoring='accuracy', cv=5, n_jobs=-1))
y_hat = rf_model.predict(X_test)
score = metrics.accuracy_score(y_test, y_hat)
print('RF CV Accuracy: {:.2f}'.format(cv_score))
print('RF Test Accuracy: {:.2f}'.format(score))
def classification():
global feat_val
cols = features + ["Gender"]
data = df[cols]
data_bal = data
x = np.array(data_bal.iloc[:, :-1])
y = np.array(data_bal.iloc[:, -1])
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = tts(x,
y,
test_size=0.25,
random_state=23)
classifiers = [
rfc(n_estimators=100, random_state=23),
lr(random_state=23),
SVC(random_state=23)
]
methods = [
"Random Forest Classifier", "Logistic Regression",
"Support Vector Machines"
]
print(
"We are using the K-fold cross-validation for estimating accuracy of the models "
)
print(
"The accuracy mean with its 95% confidence interval for different methods is as follows"
)
for i in range(len(methods)):
clf = classifiers[i]
print("Classifier : {}".format(methods[i]))
clf.fit(x_train, y_train)
if (i == 0):
feat_val = clf.feature_importances_
y_pred = clf.predict(x_test)
#acc = recall_score(y_test, y_pred , average=None).mean()
#acc = bac(y_test,y_pred)
#print("Accuracy : {}".format(acc))
acc = cvs(clf, x, y, cv=5)
print("Accuracy: %0.4f (+/- %0.2f)" % (acc.mean(), acc.std() * 2))
def fit(name, dataset, target_col, feature_cols=None, exclude_cols=None):
try:
# Load Dataset
X, y = load_dataset(dataset, target_col, feature_cols, exclude_cols)
# Fetch model to fit and evaluate
Model = MODELS[name]['Model']
params = MODELS[name]['params']
# Fit and evaluate model
start = time.time()
model = Model(**params)
r2_scores = cvs(model, X, y, scoring='r2', cv=12)
delta = time.time() - start
# Construct report
report = {
'model': name,
'hyperparameters': model.get_params(),
'repr': str(model),
'r2_scores': list(r2_scores),
'elapsed': delta,
'target_col': target_col,
'feature_cols': feature_cols,
'X_shape': X.shape,
'y_shape': y.shape,
}
return json.dumps(report)
except Exception as e:
return json.dumps({
'model': name,
'dataset': dataset,
'target_col': target_col,
'feature_cols': feature_cols,
'error': str(e),
})
def gb_model(X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test):
'''
Set up logistic regession pipeline.
Input: train and test matricies
Output: model predictions and accuracy
'''
gb_model = GradientBoostingClassifier(learning_rate=0.1,
loss='exponential',
max_depth=2,
max_features=None,
min_samples_leaf=2,
min_samples_split=2,
n_estimators=100,
subsample=0.5)
gb_model.fit(X_train, y_train)
cv_score = np.mean(
cvs(gb_model, X_train, y_train, scoring='accuracy', cv=5, n_jobs=-1))
y_hat = gb_model.predict(X_test)
score = metrics.accuracy_score(y_test, y_hat)
print('GB CV Accuracy: {:.2f}'.format(cv_score))
print('GB Test Accuracy: {:.2f}'.format(score))
y = y.flatten()
x = x.T
# for i in range(y.shape[0]):
# if y[i] == -1:
# y[i] =0
#
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=.3)
# fit a model
model = LogisticRegression(C=1.0, solver='newton-cg')
model.fit(x_train, y_train)
score = cvs(model,x_train,y_train,cv = 5,scoring='accuracy')
auc1 = cvs(model,x_train,y_train,cv = 5,scoring='roc_auc')
print('score = {0}'.format(score.mean()))
print('auc = {0}'.format(auc1.mean()))
# predict probabilities
probs = model.predict_proba(x_test)
# keep probabilities for the positive outcome only
probs = probs[:, 1]
# calculate roc auc
auc = roc_auc_score(y_test, probs)
print(auc)
fpr, tpr, thresholds = roc_curve(y_test, probs)
gSearch = grid.fit(input_variables, output)
best_params = gSearch.best_params_
best_accuracy = gSearch.best_score_
# summarize results
print("Best score: %f using params %s" %
(gSearch.best_score_, gSearch.best_params_))
means = gSearch.cv_results_['mean_test_score']
stds = gSearch.cv_results_['std_test_score']
params = gSearch.cv_results_['params']
for mean, stdev, param in zip(means, stds, params):
print("%f (%f) with: %r" % (mean, stdev, param))
# evaluate using 10-fold cross validation
kfold = StratifiedKFold(n_splits=10, shuffle=True, random_state=10)
results = cvs(classifier, input_variables, output, cv=kfold)
print(results.mean())
'''Check point of ANN model improvements while training by max mode'''
filepath = 'weights-improvement-{epoch:02d}-{val_acc:.2f}.hdf5'
checkpoint = ModelCheckpoint(filepath,
monitor='val_acc',
verbose=1,
save_best_only=True,
mode='max')
callbacks_list = [checkpoint]
# Fit the model
classifier.fit(xTrain,
yTrain,
validation_split=0.33,
epochs=150,
def build_gbr(training_x, training_y, holdout_x, holdout_y, _abr, abr_test,
rounds):
'''
INPUT: training features, training targets, holdout features,
holdout target, previous model, test score from previous model
OUTPUT: final model, final_score, final model training score
'''
# > BUILD GRADIENT BOOSTED REGRESSOR
# train gradient boosted model on all of X with rfr and abr scores
# to get training error
_gbr = g_br(loss='lad',
learning_rate=.1,
n_estimators=500,
warm_start=False,
verbose=False)
# get RMSE (take square root of absolute value of negative mse) using 5-fold Cross Validation
final_train = sqrt(
abs(
np.array(
cvs(_gbr,
training_x,
training_y,
cv=5,
n_jobs=-1,
verbose=False,
scoring='neg_mean_squared_error')).mean()))
print('Gradient_Boosted_score_cross_val_score = ', final_train)
# now on to the test error...
# set arbitrary final_score - to be used in while loop to meet threshold
final_test = 100
# iteratively train Random Searched Gradient Boosted model
# on training data until it beats the previous model's score
while final_test > abr_test:
# make simple Gradient Boosted Regressor
_gbr = g_br(loss='lad', verbose=True)
# set param distribution
param_distribution = {
"max_depth": [3, 4, 5],
"learning_rate": [.2, .3, .4],
"n_estimators": sp_randint(500, 3000)
}
n_iter_search = rounds
# implement Random Search
final_model = r_search(_gbr,
param_distributions=param_distribution,
n_iter=n_iter_search,
n_jobs=-1,
cv=4,
verbose=1)
# fit to training set
final_model.fit(training_x, training_y)
# get score for holdout set, reset variable
final_test = predict_on_holdout(_abr, final_model, holdout_x,
holdout_y)
# if threshold not met, try again
print('final_score = ', final_test)
# return model and scores
return final_model, final_test, final_train
# compute accuracy of the classifier
accuracy = 100.0 * (y_test == y_test_pred).sum() / x_test.shape[0]
print("Accuracy of the classifier =", round(accuracy, 2), "%")
plot_classifier(classifier_gaussiannb_new, x_test, y_test)
###############################################
# Cross validation and scoring functions
num_validations = 5
# https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/model_evaluation.html
accuracy = cvs(classifier_gaussiannb,
x,
y,
scoring='accuracy',
cv=num_validations)
print("Accuracy: " + str(round(100 * accuracy.mean(), 2)) + "%")
# precision is calculated by total number of correct identifications
# divided by the total number of identifications.
precision = cvs(classifier_gaussiannb,
x,
y,
scoring='precision_weighted',
cv=num_validations)
print("Precision: " + str(round(100 * precision.mean(), 2)) + "%")
# recall is calculated by total number of correct identifications
# divided by the total number of interesting items in the dataset
# @Author : AlwaysDazz
# @Time : 2021/5/9 10:58
# @IDE: : PyCharm
# @Project : pythonProject
# @Comment : 回归树模型，数据集波士顿房价数据集
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor as regressor #回归树模型
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score as cvs #交叉验证方法
from sklearn.datasets import load_boston #波士顿房价
import pandas as pd # 对数据进行观察
#数据详情就这些了
boston = load_boston()
pd_data = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(boston.data),
pd.DataFrame(boston.target)],
axis=1)
data = pd.DataFrame(boston.data) #506 rows x 13 columnspd.DataFrame(data).add
data_col = data.columns['CRIM', 'ZN', 'INDUS', 'CHAS', 'NOX', 'RM', 'AGE',
'DIS', 'RAD', 'TAX', 'PTRATIO', 'B', 'LSTAT']
print(data_col)
#实例化回归树模型
reg = regressor(random_state=0) #无需加任何参数，先实例化 后期可调整
res = cvs(reg,
boston.data,
boston.target,
cv=10,
scoring="neg_mean_squared_error"
) #交叉验证法，回归树模型，数据，标签，交叉次数，分数返回值（回归树默认返回R平方，我们将其转化为负均方误差）
print(res)
imputed_encoded_x_train_plus.columns = encoded_x_train_plus.columns
imputed_encoded_x_test_plus = pd.DataFrame(
imputer.fit_transform(encoded_x_test_plus))
imputed_encoded_x_test_plus.columns = encoded_x_test_plus.columns
#Align testing and training data sets
final_train, final_test = imputed_encoded_x_train_plus.align(
imputed_encoded_x_test_plus, join='inner', axis=1)
#Create model and fit
my_model = GradientBoostingRegressor()
my_model.fit(final_train, y)
#Use cross validation to evaluate model
scores = cvs(my_model, final_train, y, scoring='neg_mean_absolute_error')
print('Mean Absolute Error using Cross Validation is: ', (-1 * scores.mean()))
#Plot some partial dependences
my_graphs = plot_partial_dependence(my_model,
X=final_train,
features=[2, 5],
feature_names=final_train.columns,
grid_resolution=10)
#Predict saleprice of test data
predictions = my_model.predict(final_test)
#Create a submission dataframe and export to a csv file
output = pd.DataFrame({'Id': test_data.Id, 'SalePrice': predictions})
output.to_csv('submission.csv', index=False)
#predicting the test set results
y_pred=classifier.predict(x_test)
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix, classification_report
cm=confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred)
plt.figure(figsize = (5,5))
sns.heatmap(cm, annot=True)
plt.xlabel('Predicted')
plt.ylabel('Truth')
print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred))
#applying k-fold cross validation
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score as cvs
accuracies = cvs(estimator=classifier,X=x_train,y=y_train,cv=10)
print(accuracies.mean())
print(accuracies.std())
"""Logistic Regression"""
#fitting logistic regression to the training set
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
classifier = LogisticRegression(random_state=0)
classifier.fit(x_train, y_train)
#predicting the test set results
y_pred=classifier.predict(x_test)
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix, classification_report
return data
def make_matrix(l):
matrix = np.full((ROW, COL), 0)
for d in l:
matrix[d[0]][d[1]] = d[2]
return matrix
if __name__ == "__main__":
train = read_csv(TRAIN)
gender = read_csv(GENDER)
year = read_csv(YEAR)
X1 = make_matrix(train)
X2 = X1.T
Y1 = np.asarray(gender).T[0]
Y2 = np.asarray(year).T[0]
clf1 = logr()
scores = cvs(clf1, X1, Y1, cv=10)
print("Min CV error: {}".format(1 - max(scores)))
clf2 = logr(solver="saga", multi_class="multinomial")
pred = cvp(clf2, X2, Y2, cv=10)
mse1 = mse(Y2, pred)
mse2 = mse(Y2, np.full_like(Y2, np.mean(Y2)))
print("Regression MSE: {}".format(mse1))
print("Naive MSE: {}".format(mse2))
# print("RMSE: ", rmse) # 預測誤差 68628.19819848923 美元
# 因此對於擬合不足的模型, 可以選用更強大的模型或是提供更好的特徵, 減少限制等等
# 這裡則更換更強大的模型 DecisionTreeRegressor
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor as DTR
tree_reg = DTR()
tree_reg.fit(housing_prepared, housing_labels)
predicted = tree_reg.predict(housing_prepared)
# mse = mean_squared_error(housing_labels, predicted)
# rmse = np.sqrt(mse)
# print("RMSE: ", rmse) # RMSE: 0.0
# 這裡的結果正確率是100%, 但要考慮是否過度擬合 Overfitting
# 因此, 要使用交叉驗證來進行更好的評估模型
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score as cvs
scores = cvs(tree_reg, housing_prepared, housing_labels, scoring = "neg_mean_squared_error", cv = 10)
rmse_scores = np.sqrt(-scores)
# Scikit-Learn 交叉驗證更傾向於效用函數(越大越好), 而不是成本函數(越小越好), 所以計算分數實際上是負的MSE
# 來查看結果
def display_score(scores):
print("Score: ", scores)
print("Mean:", scores.mean())
print("Stardard deviation: ", scores.std())
# display_score(rmse_scores)
# Mean: 71227.31692492112
# Stardard deviation: 2926.49161963209
# 和LR的交叉驗證評分做個比較
lr_scores = cvs(lr, housing_prepared, housing_labels, scoring = "neg_mean_squared_error", cv = 10)
lr_rmse = np.sqrt(-lr_scores)
final = []
for i in range(len(featureList)):
l = [featureList[i]]
l.append(labelListAct[i])
l.append(labelListVal[i])
l.append(speakerList[i])
final.append(l)
final.sort(key = getFourth)
featureList = [] #list of lists used to store the extracted features of each training sample
labelListAct = [] #list of strings used to store the labels(emotions) for each training sample
labelListVal = []
for i in range(len(final)):
featureList.append(final[i][0])
labelListAct.append(final[i][1])
labelListVal.append(final[i][2])
clf = svm.SVC(gamma = 'auto')
predictionsAct = cvs(clf, featureList, labelListAct, cv = 24)
predictionsVal = cvs(clf, featureList, labelListVal, cv = 24)
print('Binary Activation')
print(predictionsAct)
print(np.mean(predictionsAct))
print('Binary Valence')
print(predictionsVal)
print(np.mean(predictionsVal))
seaborn.regplot(x='petal_length', y='petal_width', data=iris)
plt.show()
#训练线性回归模型
lm = linear_model.LinearRegression()
features = ['petal_length']
X = iris[features]
y = iris['petal_width']
model = lm.fit(X, y)
#打印截距和系数
print(model.intercept_, model.coef_)
#预测petal_length为4，petal_width的值
predict = model.predict(4)
print("petal_width's value : ", predict)
#预测性能评估，5次交叉检验
scores = -cvs(lm, X, y, cv=5, scoring='neg_mean_absolute_error')
#平均绝对值误差均值
ave_score = numpy.mean(scores)
print(ave_score)
#更改为2个特征
features = ['petal_length', 'sepal_length']
X = iris[features]
y = iris['petal_width']
model = lm.fit(X, y)
print(model.intercept_, model.coef_)
predict = model.predict([[1, 2]])
print("petal_width's value : ", predict)
scores = -cvs(lm, X, y, cv=5, scoring='neg_mean_absolute_error')
ave_score = numpy.mean(scores)
print(ave_score)