def test_masked_indices_are_handled_correctly(self):
sequence_tensor = torch.randn([2, 5, 7])
# concatentate start and end points together to form our representation.
extractor = EndpointSpanExtractor(7, "x,y")
indices = torch.LongTensor([[[1, 3], [2, 4]], [[0, 2], [3, 4]]])
span_representations = extractor(sequence_tensor, indices)
# Make a mask with the second batch element completely masked.
indices_mask = torch.LongTensor([[1, 1], [0, 0]])
span_representations = extractor(sequence_tensor,
indices,
span_indices_mask=indices_mask)
start_embeddings, end_embeddings = span_representations.split(7, -1)
start_indices, end_indices = indices.split(1, -1)
correct_start_embeddings = batched_index_select(
sequence_tensor, start_indices.squeeze()).data
# Completely masked second batch element, so it should all be zero.
correct_start_embeddings[1, :, :].fill_(0)
correct_end_embeddings = batched_index_select(
sequence_tensor, end_indices.squeeze()).data
correct_end_embeddings[1, :, :].fill_(0)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(start_embeddings.data.numpy(),
correct_start_embeddings.numpy())
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(end_embeddings.data.numpy(),
correct_end_embeddings.numpy())
def test_correct_sequence_elements_are_embedded(self):
sequence_tensor = torch.randn([2, 5, 7])
# Concatentate start and end points together to form our representation.
extractor = EndpointSpanExtractor(7, "x,y")
indices = torch.LongTensor([[[1, 3], [2, 4]], [[0, 2], [3, 4]]])
span_representations = extractor(sequence_tensor, indices)
assert list(span_representations.size()) == [2, 2, 14]
assert extractor.get_output_dim() == 14
assert extractor.get_input_dim() == 7
start_indices, end_indices = indices.split(1, -1)
# We just concatenated the start and end embeddings together, so
# we can check they match the original indices if we split them apart.
start_embeddings, end_embeddings = span_representations.split(7, -1)
correct_start_embeddings = batched_index_select(
sequence_tensor, start_indices.squeeze())
correct_end_embeddings = batched_index_select(sequence_tensor,
end_indices.squeeze())
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(start_embeddings.data.numpy(),
correct_start_embeddings.data.numpy())
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(end_embeddings.data.numpy(),
correct_end_embeddings.data.numpy())
def test_span_scorer_works_for_completely_masked_rows(self):
# Really simple scorer - sum up the embedding_dim.
scorer = lambda tensor: tensor.sum(-1).unsqueeze(-1)
pruner = SpanPruner(scorer=scorer) # type: ignore
spans = torch.randn([3, 4, 5]).clamp(min=0.0, max=1.0)
spans[0, :2, :] = 1
spans[1, 2:, :] = 1
spans[2, 2:, :] = 1
mask = torch.ones([3, 4])
mask[1, 0] = 0
mask[1, 3] = 0
mask[2, :] = 0 # fully masked last batch element.
pruned_embeddings, pruned_mask, pruned_indices, pruned_scores = pruner(
spans, mask, 2)
# We can't check the last row here, because it's completely masked.
# Instead we'll check that the scores for these elements are -inf.
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(pruned_indices[:2].data.numpy(),
numpy.array([[0, 1], [1, 2]]))
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(pruned_mask.data.numpy(),
numpy.array([[1, 1], [1, 1], [0, 0]]))
# embeddings should be the result of index_selecting the pruned_indices.
correct_embeddings = batched_index_select(spans, pruned_indices)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(correct_embeddings.data.numpy(),
pruned_embeddings.data.numpy())
# scores should be the sum of the correct embedding elements, with
# masked elements equal to -inf.
correct_scores = correct_embeddings.sum(-1).unsqueeze(-1).data.numpy()
correct_scores[2, :] = float("-inf")
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(correct_scores,
pruned_scores.data.numpy())
def test_span_pruner_selects_top_scored_spans_and_respects_masking(self):
# Really simple scorer - sum up the embedding_dim.
scorer = lambda tensor: tensor.sum(-1).unsqueeze(-1)
pruner = SpanPruner(scorer=scorer)
spans = torch.randn([3, 4, 5]).clamp(min=0.0, max=1.0)
spans[0, :2, :] = 1
spans[1, 2:, :] = 1
spans[2, 2:, :] = 1
mask = torch.ones([3, 4])
mask[1, 0] = 0
mask[1, 3] = 0
pruned_embeddings, pruned_mask, pruned_indices, pruned_scores = pruner(
spans, mask, 2)
# Second element in the batch would have indices 2, 3, but
# 3 and 0 are masked, so instead it has 1, 2.
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(pruned_indices.data.numpy(),
numpy.array([[0, 1], [1, 2], [2, 3]]))
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(pruned_mask.data.numpy(),
numpy.ones([3, 2]))
# embeddings should be the result of index_selecting the pruned_indices.
correct_embeddings = batched_index_select(spans, pruned_indices)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(correct_embeddings.data.numpy(),
pruned_embeddings.data.numpy())
# scores should be the sum of the correct embedding elements.
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(
correct_embeddings.sum(-1).unsqueeze(-1).data.numpy(),
pruned_scores.data.numpy())
def test_batched_index_select(self):
indices = numpy.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]])
# Each element is a vector of it's index.
targets = torch.ones([2, 10, 3]).cumsum(1) - 1
# Make the second batch double it's index so they're different.
targets[1, :, :] *= 2
indices = torch.tensor(indices, dtype=torch.long)
selected = util.batched_index_select(targets, indices)
assert list(selected.size()) == [2, 2, 2, 3]
ones = numpy.ones([3])
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(selected[0, 0, 0, :].data.numpy(),
ones)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(selected[0, 0, 1, :].data.numpy(),
ones * 2)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(selected[0, 1, 0, :].data.numpy(),
ones * 3)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(selected[0, 1, 1, :].data.numpy(),
ones * 4)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(selected[1, 0, 0, :].data.numpy(),
ones * 10)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(selected[1, 0, 1, :].data.numpy(),
ones * 12)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(selected[1, 1, 0, :].data.numpy(),
ones * 14)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(selected[1, 1, 1, :].data.numpy(),
ones * 16)
def test_masked_indices_are_handled_correctly_with_exclusive_indices(self):
sequence_tensor = torch.randn([2, 5, 8])
# concatentate start and end points together to form our representation
# for both the forward and backward directions.
extractor = EndpointSpanExtractor(8,
"x,y",
use_exclusive_start_indices=True)
indices = torch.LongTensor([[[1, 3], [2, 4]], [[0, 2], [0, 1]]])
sequence_mask = torch.LongTensor([[1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 0, 0]])
span_representations = extractor(sequence_tensor,
indices,
sequence_mask=sequence_mask)
# We just concatenated the start and end embeddings together, so
# we can check they match the original indices if we split them apart.
start_embeddings, end_embeddings = span_representations.split(8, -1)
correct_start_indices = torch.LongTensor([[0, 1], [-1, -1]])
# These indices should be -1, so they'll be replaced with a sentinel. Here,
# we'll set them to a value other than -1 so we can index select the indices and
# replace them later.
correct_start_indices[1, 0] = 1
correct_start_indices[1, 1] = 1
correct_end_indices = torch.LongTensor([[3, 4], [2, 1]])
correct_start_embeddings = batched_index_select(
sequence_tensor.contiguous(), correct_start_indices)
# This element had sequence_tensor index of 0, so it's exclusive index is the start sentinel.
correct_start_embeddings[1, 0] = extractor._start_sentinel.data
correct_start_embeddings[1, 1] = extractor._start_sentinel.data
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(start_embeddings.data.numpy(),
correct_start_embeddings.data.numpy())
correct_end_embeddings = batched_index_select(
sequence_tensor.contiguous(), correct_end_indices)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(end_embeddings.data.numpy(),
correct_end_embeddings.data.numpy())
def forward(
self,
sequence_tensor: torch.FloatTensor,
span_indices: torch.LongTensor,
sequence_mask: torch.LongTensor = None,
span_indices_mask: torch.LongTensor = None) -> torch.FloatTensor:
# Both of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, embedding_size / 2)
forward_sequence, backward_sequence = sequence_tensor.split(int(
self._input_dim / 2),
dim=-1)
forward_sequence = forward_sequence.contiguous()
backward_sequence = backward_sequence.contiguous()
# shape (batch_size, num_spans)
span_starts, span_ends = [
index.squeeze(-1) for index in span_indices.split(1, dim=-1)
]
if span_indices_mask is not None:
span_starts = span_starts * span_indices_mask
span_ends = span_ends * span_indices_mask
# We want `exclusive` span starts, so we remove 1 from the forward span starts
# as the AllenNLP ``SpanField`` is inclusive.
# shape (batch_size, num_spans)
exclusive_span_starts = span_starts - 1
# shape (batch_size, num_spans, 1)
start_sentinel_mask = (
exclusive_span_starts == -1).long().unsqueeze(-1)
# We want `exclusive` span ends for the backward direction
# (so that the `start` of the span in that direction is exlusive), so
# we add 1 to the span ends as the AllenNLP ``SpanField`` is inclusive.
exclusive_span_ends = span_ends + 1
if sequence_mask is not None:
# shape (batch_size)
sequence_lengths = util.get_lengths_from_binary_sequence_mask(
sequence_mask)
else:
# shape (batch_size), filled with the sequence length size of the sequence_tensor.
sequence_lengths = (
torch.ones_like(sequence_tensor[:, 0, 0], dtype=torch.long) *
sequence_tensor.size(1))
# shape (batch_size, num_spans, 1)
end_sentinel_mask = (exclusive_span_ends == sequence_lengths.unsqueeze(
-1)).long().unsqueeze(-1)
# As we added 1 to the span_ends to make them exclusive, which might have caused indices
# equal to the sequence_length to become out of bounds, we multiply by the inverse of the
# end_sentinel mask to erase these indices (as we will replace them anyway in the block below).
# The same argument follows for the exclusive span start indices.
exclusive_span_ends = exclusive_span_ends * (
1 - end_sentinel_mask.squeeze(-1))
exclusive_span_starts = exclusive_span_starts * (
1 - start_sentinel_mask.squeeze(-1))
# We'll check the indices here at runtime, because it's difficult to debug
# if this goes wrong and it's tricky to get right.
if (exclusive_span_starts < 0).any() or (
exclusive_span_ends > sequence_lengths.unsqueeze(-1)).any():
raise ValueError(
f"Adjusted span indices must lie inside the length of the sequence tensor, "
f"but found: exclusive_span_starts: {exclusive_span_starts}, "
f"exclusive_span_ends: {exclusive_span_ends} for a sequence tensor with lengths "
f"{sequence_lengths}.")
# Forward Direction: start indices are exclusive. Shape (batch_size, num_spans, input_size / 2)
forward_start_embeddings = util.batched_index_select(
forward_sequence, exclusive_span_starts)
# Forward Direction: end indices are inclusive, so we can just use span_ends.
# Shape (batch_size, num_spans, input_size / 2)
forward_end_embeddings = util.batched_index_select(
forward_sequence, span_ends)
# Backward Direction: The backward start embeddings use the `forward` end
# indices, because we are going backwards.
# Shape (batch_size, num_spans, input_size / 2)
backward_start_embeddings = util.batched_index_select(
backward_sequence, exclusive_span_ends)
# Backward Direction: The backward end embeddings use the `forward` start
# indices, because we are going backwards.
# Shape (batch_size, num_spans, input_size / 2)
backward_end_embeddings = util.batched_index_select(
backward_sequence, span_starts)
if self._use_sentinels:
# If we're using sentinels, we need to replace all the elements which were
# outside the dimensions of the sequence_tensor with either the start sentinel,
# or the end sentinel.
float_end_sentinel_mask = end_sentinel_mask.float()
float_start_sentinel_mask = start_sentinel_mask.float()
forward_start_embeddings = forward_start_embeddings * (1 - float_start_sentinel_mask) \
+ float_start_sentinel_mask * self._start_sentinel
backward_start_embeddings = backward_start_embeddings * (1 - float_end_sentinel_mask) \
+ float_end_sentinel_mask * self._end_sentinel
# Now we combine the forward and backward spans in the manner specified by the
# respective combinations and concatenate these representations.
# Shape (batch_size, num_spans, forward_combination_dim)
forward_spans = util.combine_tensors(
self._forward_combination,
[forward_start_embeddings, forward_end_embeddings])
# Shape (batch_size, num_spans, backward_combination_dim)
backward_spans = util.combine_tensors(
self._backward_combination,
[backward_start_embeddings, backward_end_embeddings])
# Shape (batch_size, num_spans, forward_combination_dim + backward_combination_dim)
span_embeddings = torch.cat([forward_spans, backward_spans], -1)
if self._span_width_embedding is not None:
# Embed the span widths and concatenate to the rest of the representations.
if self._bucket_widths:
span_widths = util.bucket_values(
span_ends - span_starts,
num_total_buckets=self._num_width_embeddings)
else:
span_widths = span_ends - span_starts
span_width_embeddings = self._span_width_embedding(span_widths)
return torch.cat([span_embeddings, span_width_embeddings], -1)
if span_indices_mask is not None:
return span_embeddings * span_indices_mask.float().unsqueeze(-1)
return span_embeddings
def forward(
self, # pylint: disable=arguments-differ
span_embeddings: torch.FloatTensor,
span_mask: torch.LongTensor,
num_spans_to_keep: int
) -> Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, torch.LongTensor, torch.LongTensor,
torch.FloatTensor]:
"""
Extracts the top-k scoring spans with respect to the scorer. We additionally return
the indices of the top-k in their original order, not ordered by score, so that we
can rely on the ordering to consider the previous k spans as antecedents for each
span later.
Parameters
----------
span_embeddings : ``torch.FloatTensor``, required.
A tensor of shape (batch_size, num_spans, embedding_size), representing
the set of embedded span representations.
span_mask : ``torch.LongTensor``, required.
A tensor of shape (batch_size, num_spans), denoting unpadded elements
of ``span_embeddings``.
num_spans_to_keep : ``int``, required.
The number of spans to keep when pruning.
Returns
-------
top_span_embeddings : ``torch.FloatTensor``
The span representations of the top-k scoring spans.
Has shape (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, embedding_size).
top_span_mask : ``torch.LongTensor``
The coresponding mask for ``top_span_embeddings``.
Has shape (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep).
top_span_indices : ``torch.IntTensor``
The indices of the top-k scoring spans into the original ``span_embeddings``
tensor. This is returned because it can be useful to retain pointers to
the original spans, if each span is being scored by multiple distinct
scorers, for instance. Has shape (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep).
top_span_scores : ``torch.FloatTensor``
The values of the top-k scoring spans.
Has shape (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, 1).
"""
span_mask = span_mask.unsqueeze(-1)
num_spans = span_embeddings.size(1)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans, 1)
span_scores = self._scorer(span_embeddings)
if span_scores.size(-1) != 1 or span_scores.dim() != 3:
raise ValueError(
f"The scorer passed to SpanPruner must produce a tensor of shape"
f"(batch_size, num_spans, 1), but found shape {span_scores.size()}"
)
# Make sure that we don't select any masked spans by
# setting their scores to be -inf.
span_scores += span_mask.log()
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, 1)
_, top_span_indices = span_scores.topk(num_spans_to_keep, 1)
# Now we order the selected indices in increasing order with
# respect to their indices (and hence, with respect to the
# order they originally appeared in the ``span_embeddings`` tensor).
top_span_indices, _ = torch.sort(top_span_indices, 1)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep)
top_span_indices = top_span_indices.squeeze(-1)
# Shape: (batch_size * num_spans_to_keep)
# torch.index_select only accepts 1D indices, but here
# we need to select spans for each element in the batch.
flat_top_span_indices = util.flatten_and_batch_shift_indices(
top_span_indices, num_spans)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, embedding_size)
top_span_embeddings = util.batched_index_select(
span_embeddings, top_span_indices, flat_top_span_indices)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep)
top_span_mask = util.batched_index_select(span_mask, top_span_indices,
flat_top_span_indices)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, 1)
top_span_scores = util.batched_index_select(span_scores,
top_span_indices,
flat_top_span_indices)
return top_span_embeddings, top_span_mask.squeeze(
-1), top_span_indices, top_span_scores
def forward(
self, # type: ignore
text: Dict[str, torch.LongTensor],
spans: torch.IntTensor,
span_labels: torch.IntTensor = None,
metadata: List[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> Dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
# pylint: disable=arguments-differ
"""
Parameters
----------
text : ``Dict[str, torch.LongTensor]``, required.
The output of a ``TextField`` representing the text of
the document.
spans : ``torch.IntTensor``, required.
A tensor of shape (batch_size, num_spans, 2), representing the inclusive start and end
indices of candidate spans for mentions. Comes from a ``ListField[SpanField]`` of
indices into the text of the document.
span_labels : ``torch.IntTensor``, optional (default = None)
A tensor of shape (batch_size, num_spans), representing the cluster ids
of each span, or -1 for those which do not appear in any clusters.
Returns
-------
An output dictionary consisting of:
top_spans : ``torch.IntTensor``
A tensor of shape ``(batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, 2)`` representing
the start and end word indices of the top spans that survived the pruning stage.
antecedent_indices : ``torch.IntTensor``
A tensor of shape ``(num_spans_to_keep, max_antecedents)`` representing for each top span
the index (with respect to top_spans) of the possible antecedents the model considered.
predicted_antecedents : ``torch.IntTensor``
A tensor of shape ``(batch_size, num_spans_to_keep)`` representing, for each top span, the
index (with respect to antecedent_indices) of the most likely antecedent. -1 means there
was no predicted link.
loss : ``torch.FloatTensor``, optional
A scalar loss to be optimised.
"""
# Shape: (batch_size, document_length, embedding_size)
text_embeddings = self._lexical_dropout(
self._text_field_embedder(text))
document_length = text_embeddings.size(1)
num_spans = spans.size(1)
# Shape: (batch_size, document_length)
text_mask = util.get_text_field_mask(text).float()
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans)
span_mask = (spans[:, :, 0] >= 0).squeeze(-1).float()
# SpanFields return -1 when they are used as padding. As we do
# some comparisons based on span widths when we attend over the
# span representations that we generate from these indices, we
# need them to be <= 0. This is only relevant in edge cases where
# the number of spans we consider after the pruning stage is >= the
# total number of spans, because in this case, it is possible we might
# consider a masked span.
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans, 2)
spans = F.relu(spans.float()).long()
# Shape: (batch_size, document_length, encoding_dim)
contextualized_embeddings = self._context_layer(
text_embeddings, text_mask)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans, 2 * encoding_dim + feature_size)
endpoint_span_embeddings = self._endpoint_span_extractor(
contextualized_embeddings, spans)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans, emebedding_size)
attended_span_embeddings = self._attentive_span_extractor(
text_embeddings, spans)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans, emebedding_size + 2 * encoding_dim + feature_size)
span_embeddings = torch.cat(
[endpoint_span_embeddings, attended_span_embeddings], -1)
# Prune based on mention scores.
num_spans_to_keep = int(
math.floor(self._spans_per_word * document_length))
(top_span_embeddings, top_span_mask, top_span_indices,
top_span_mention_scores) = self._mention_pruner(
span_embeddings, span_mask, num_spans_to_keep)
top_span_mask = top_span_mask.unsqueeze(-1)
# Shape: (batch_size * num_spans_to_keep)
# torch.index_select only accepts 1D indices, but here
# we need to select spans for each element in the batch.
# This reformats the indices to take into account their
# index into the batch. We precompute this here to make
# the multiple calls to util.batched_index_select below more efficient.
flat_top_span_indices = util.flatten_and_batch_shift_indices(
top_span_indices, num_spans)
# Compute final predictions for which spans to consider as mentions.
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, 2)
top_spans = util.batched_index_select(spans, top_span_indices,
flat_top_span_indices)
# Compute indices for antecedent spans to consider.
max_antecedents = min(self._max_antecedents, num_spans_to_keep)
# Now that we have our variables in terms of num_spans_to_keep, we need to
# compare span pairs to decide each span's antecedent. Each span can only
# have prior spans as antecedents, and we only consider up to max_antecedents
# prior spans. So the first thing we do is construct a matrix mapping a span's
# index to the indices of its allowed antecedents. Note that this is independent
# of the batch dimension - it's just a function of the span's position in
# top_spans. The spans are in document order, so we can just use the relative
# index of the spans to know which other spans are allowed antecedents.
# Once we have this matrix, we reformat our variables again to get embeddings
# for all valid antecedents for each span. This gives us variables with shapes
# like (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, max_antecedents, embedding_size), which
# we can use to make coreference decisions between valid span pairs.
# Shapes:
# (num_spans_to_keep, max_antecedents),
# (1, max_antecedents),
# (1, num_spans_to_keep, max_antecedents)
valid_antecedent_indices, valid_antecedent_offsets, valid_antecedent_log_mask = \
self._generate_valid_antecedents(num_spans_to_keep, max_antecedents, util.get_device_of(text_mask))
# Select tensors relating to the antecedent spans.
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, max_antecedents, embedding_size)
candidate_antecedent_embeddings = util.flattened_index_select(
top_span_embeddings, valid_antecedent_indices)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, max_antecedents)
candidate_antecedent_mention_scores = util.flattened_index_select(
top_span_mention_scores, valid_antecedent_indices).squeeze(-1)
# Compute antecedent scores.
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, max_antecedents, embedding_size)
span_pair_embeddings = self._compute_span_pair_embeddings(
top_span_embeddings, candidate_antecedent_embeddings,
valid_antecedent_offsets)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, 1 + max_antecedents)
coreference_scores = self._compute_coreference_scores(
span_pair_embeddings, top_span_mention_scores,
candidate_antecedent_mention_scores, valid_antecedent_log_mask)
# We now have, for each span which survived the pruning stage,
# a predicted antecedent. This implies a clustering if we group
# mentions which refer to each other in a chain.
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep)
_, predicted_antecedents = coreference_scores.max(2)
# Subtract one here because index 0 is the "no antecedent" class,
# so this makes the indices line up with actual spans if the prediction
# is greater than -1.
predicted_antecedents -= 1
output_dict = {
"top_spans": top_spans,
"antecedent_indices": valid_antecedent_indices,
"predicted_antecedents": predicted_antecedents
}
if span_labels is not None:
# Find the gold labels for the spans which we kept.
pruned_gold_labels = util.batched_index_select(
span_labels.unsqueeze(-1), top_span_indices,
flat_top_span_indices)
antecedent_labels = util.flattened_index_select(
pruned_gold_labels, valid_antecedent_indices).squeeze(-1)
antecedent_labels += valid_antecedent_log_mask.long()
# Compute labels.
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans_to_keep, max_antecedents + 1)
gold_antecedent_labels = self._compute_antecedent_gold_labels(
pruned_gold_labels, antecedent_labels)
# Now, compute the loss using the negative marginal log-likelihood.
# This is equal to the log of the sum of the probabilities of all antecedent predictions
# that would be consistent with the data, in the sense that we are minimising, for a
# given span, the negative marginal log likelihood of all antecedents which are in the
# same gold cluster as the span we are currently considering. Each span i predicts a
# single antecedent j, but there might be several prior mentions k in the same
# coreference cluster that would be valid antecedents. Our loss is the sum of the
# probability assigned to all valid antecedents. This is a valid objective for
# clustering as we don't mind which antecedent is predicted, so long as they are in
# the same coreference cluster.
coreference_log_probs = util.last_dim_log_softmax(
coreference_scores, top_span_mask)
correct_antecedent_log_probs = coreference_log_probs + gold_antecedent_labels.log(
)
negative_marginal_log_likelihood = -util.logsumexp(
correct_antecedent_log_probs).sum()
self._mention_recall(top_spans, metadata)
self._conll_coref_scores(top_spans, valid_antecedent_indices,
predicted_antecedents, metadata)
output_dict["loss"] = negative_marginal_log_likelihood
if metadata is not None:
output_dict["document"] = [x["original_text"] for x in metadata]
return output_dict
def forward(self,
sequence_tensor: torch.FloatTensor,
span_indices: torch.LongTensor,
sequence_mask: torch.LongTensor = None,
span_indices_mask: torch.LongTensor = None) -> torch.FloatTensor:
# both of shape (batch_size, num_spans, 1)
span_starts, span_ends = span_indices.split(1, dim=-1)
# shape (batch_size, num_spans, 1)
# These span widths are off by 1, because the span ends are `inclusive`.
span_widths = span_ends - span_starts
# We need to know the maximum span width so we can
# generate indices to extract the spans from the sequence tensor.
# These indices will then get masked below, such that if the length
# of a given span is smaller than the max, the rest of the values
# are masked.
max_batch_span_width = span_widths.max().item() + 1
# shape (batch_size, sequence_length, 1)
global_attention_logits = self._global_attention(sequence_tensor)
# Shape: (1, 1, max_batch_span_width)
max_span_range_indices = util.get_range_vector(max_batch_span_width,
util.get_device_of(sequence_tensor)).view(1, 1, -1)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans, max_batch_span_width)
# This is a broadcasted comparison - for each span we are considering,
# we are creating a range vector of size max_span_width, but masking values
# which are greater than the actual length of the span.
#
# We're using <= here (and for the mask below) because the span ends are
# inclusive, so we want to include indices which are equal to span_widths rather
# than using it as a non-inclusive upper bound.
span_mask = (max_span_range_indices <= span_widths).float()
raw_span_indices = span_ends - max_span_range_indices
# We also don't want to include span indices which are less than zero,
# which happens because some spans near the beginning of the sequence
# have an end index < max_batch_span_width, so we add this to the mask here.
span_mask = span_mask * (raw_span_indices >= 0).float()
span_indices = torch.nn.functional.relu(raw_span_indices.float()).long()
# Shape: (batch_size * num_spans * max_batch_span_width)
flat_span_indices = util.flatten_and_batch_shift_indices(span_indices, sequence_tensor.size(1))
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans, max_batch_span_width, embedding_dim)
span_embeddings = util.batched_index_select(sequence_tensor, span_indices, flat_span_indices)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans, max_batch_span_width)
span_attention_logits = util.batched_index_select(global_attention_logits,
span_indices,
flat_span_indices).squeeze(-1)
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans, max_batch_span_width)
span_attention_weights = util.last_dim_softmax(span_attention_logits, span_mask)
# Do a weighted sum of the embedded spans with
# respect to the normalised attention distributions.
# Shape: (batch_size, num_spans, embedding_dim)
attended_text_embeddings = util.weighted_sum(span_embeddings, span_attention_weights)
if span_indices_mask is not None:
# Above we were masking the widths of spans with respect to the max
# span width in the batch. Here we are masking the spans which were
# originally passed in as padding.
return attended_text_embeddings * span_indices_mask.unsqueeze(-1).float()
return attended_text_embeddings
def _get_initial_state_and_scores(
self,
question: Dict[str, torch.LongTensor],
table: Dict[str, torch.LongTensor],
world: List[WikiTablesWorld],
actions: List[List[ProductionRuleArray]],
example_lisp_string: List[str] = None,
add_world_to_initial_state: bool = False,
checklist_states: List[ChecklistState] = None) -> Dict:
"""
Does initial preparation and creates an intiial state for both the semantic parsers. Note
that the checklist state is optional, and the ``WikiTablesMmlParser`` is not expected to
pass it.
"""
table_text = table['text']
# (batch_size, question_length, embedding_dim)
embedded_question = self._question_embedder(question)
question_mask = util.get_text_field_mask(question).float()
# (batch_size, num_entities, num_entity_tokens, embedding_dim)
embedded_table = self._question_embedder(table_text,
num_wrapping_dims=1)
table_mask = util.get_text_field_mask(table_text,
num_wrapping_dims=1).float()
batch_size, num_entities, num_entity_tokens, _ = embedded_table.size()
num_question_tokens = embedded_question.size(1)
# (batch_size, num_entities, embedding_dim)
encoded_table = self._entity_encoder(embedded_table, table_mask)
# (batch_size, num_entities, num_neighbors)
neighbor_indices = self._get_neighbor_indices(world, num_entities,
encoded_table)
# Neighbor_indices is padded with -1 since 0 is a potential neighbor index.
# Thus, the absolute value needs to be taken in the index_select, and 1 needs to
# be added for the mask since that method expects 0 for padding.
# (batch_size, num_entities, num_neighbors, embedding_dim)
embedded_neighbors = util.batched_index_select(
encoded_table, torch.abs(neighbor_indices))
neighbor_mask = util.get_text_field_mask(
{
'ignored': neighbor_indices + 1
}, num_wrapping_dims=1).float()
# Encoder initialized to easily obtain a masked average.
neighbor_encoder = TimeDistributed(
BagOfEmbeddingsEncoder(self._embedding_dim, averaged=True))
# (batch_size, num_entities, embedding_dim)
embedded_neighbors = neighbor_encoder(embedded_neighbors,
neighbor_mask)
# entity_types: one-hot tensor with shape (batch_size, num_entities, num_types)
# entity_type_dict: Dict[int, int], mapping flattened_entity_index -> type_index
# These encode the same information, but for efficiency reasons later it's nice
# to have one version as a tensor and one that's accessible on the cpu.
entity_types, entity_type_dict = self._get_type_vector(
world, num_entities, encoded_table)
entity_type_embeddings = self._type_params(entity_types.float())
projected_neighbor_embeddings = self._neighbor_params(
embedded_neighbors.float())
# (batch_size, num_entities, embedding_dim)
entity_embeddings = torch.tanh(entity_type_embeddings +
projected_neighbor_embeddings)
# Compute entity and question word similarity. We tried using cosine distance here, but
# because this similarity is the main mechanism that the model can use to push apart logit
# scores for certain actions (like "n -> 1" and "n -> -1"), this needs to have a larger
# output range than [-1, 1].
question_entity_similarity = torch.bmm(
embedded_table.view(batch_size, num_entities * num_entity_tokens,
self._embedding_dim),
torch.transpose(embedded_question, 1, 2))
question_entity_similarity = question_entity_similarity.view(
batch_size, num_entities, num_entity_tokens, num_question_tokens)
# (batch_size, num_entities, num_question_tokens)
question_entity_similarity_max_score, _ = torch.max(
question_entity_similarity, 2)
# (batch_size, num_entities, num_question_tokens, num_features)
linking_features = table['linking']
linking_scores = question_entity_similarity_max_score
if self._use_neighbor_similarity_for_linking:
# The linking score is computed as a linear projection of two terms. The first is the
# maximum similarity score over the entity's words and the question token. The second
# is the maximum similarity over the words in the entity's neighbors and the question
# token.
#
# The second term, projected_question_neighbor_similarity, is useful when a column
# needs to be selected. For example, the question token might have no similarity with
# the column name, but is similar with the cells in the column.
#
# Note that projected_question_neighbor_similarity is intended to capture the same
# information as the related_column feature.
#
# Also note that this block needs to be _before_ the `linking_params` block, because
# we're overwriting `linking_scores`, not adding to it.
# (batch_size, num_entities, num_neighbors, num_question_tokens)
question_neighbor_similarity = util.batched_index_select(
question_entity_similarity_max_score,
torch.abs(neighbor_indices))
# (batch_size, num_entities, num_question_tokens)
question_neighbor_similarity_max_score, _ = torch.max(
question_neighbor_similarity, 2)
projected_question_entity_similarity = self._question_entity_params(
question_entity_similarity_max_score.unsqueeze(-1)).squeeze(-1)
projected_question_neighbor_similarity = self._question_neighbor_params(
question_neighbor_similarity_max_score.unsqueeze(-1)).squeeze(
-1)
linking_scores = projected_question_entity_similarity + projected_question_neighbor_similarity
feature_scores = None
if self._linking_params is not None:
feature_scores = self._linking_params(linking_features).squeeze(3)
linking_scores = linking_scores + feature_scores
# (batch_size, num_question_tokens, num_entities)
linking_probabilities = self._get_linking_probabilities(
world, linking_scores.transpose(1, 2), question_mask,
entity_type_dict)
# (batch_size, num_question_tokens, embedding_dim)
link_embedding = util.weighted_sum(entity_embeddings,
linking_probabilities)
encoder_input = torch.cat([link_embedding, embedded_question], 2)
# (batch_size, question_length, encoder_output_dim)
encoder_outputs = self._dropout(
self._encoder(encoder_input, question_mask))
# This will be our initial hidden state and memory cell for the decoder LSTM.
final_encoder_output = util.get_final_encoder_states(
encoder_outputs, question_mask, self._encoder.is_bidirectional())
memory_cell = encoder_outputs.new_zeros(batch_size,
self._encoder.get_output_dim())
initial_score = embedded_question.data.new_zeros(batch_size)
action_embeddings, output_action_embeddings, action_biases, action_indices = self._embed_actions(
actions)
_, num_entities, num_question_tokens = linking_scores.size()
flattened_linking_scores, actions_to_entities = self._map_entity_productions(
linking_scores, world, actions)
# To make grouping states together in the decoder easier, we convert the batch dimension in
# all of our tensors into an outer list. For instance, the encoder outputs have shape
# `(batch_size, question_length, encoder_output_dim)`. We need to convert this into a list
# of `batch_size` tensors, each of shape `(question_length, encoder_output_dim)`. Then we
# won't have to do any index selects, or anything, we'll just do some `torch.cat()`s.
initial_score_list = [initial_score[i] for i in range(batch_size)]
encoder_output_list = [encoder_outputs[i] for i in range(batch_size)]
question_mask_list = [question_mask[i] for i in range(batch_size)]
initial_rnn_state = []
for i in range(batch_size):
initial_rnn_state.append(
RnnState(final_encoder_output[i], memory_cell[i],
self._first_action_embedding,
self._first_attended_question, encoder_output_list,
question_mask_list))
initial_grammar_state = [
self._create_grammar_state(world[i], actions[i])
for i in range(batch_size)
]
initial_state_world = world if add_world_to_initial_state else None
initial_state = WikiTablesDecoderState(
batch_indices=list(range(batch_size)),
action_history=[[] for _ in range(batch_size)],
score=initial_score_list,
rnn_state=initial_rnn_state,
grammar_state=initial_grammar_state,
action_embeddings=action_embeddings,
output_action_embeddings=output_action_embeddings,
action_biases=action_biases,
action_indices=action_indices,
possible_actions=actions,
flattened_linking_scores=flattened_linking_scores,
actions_to_entities=actions_to_entities,
entity_types=entity_type_dict,
world=initial_state_world,
example_lisp_string=example_lisp_string,
checklist_state=checklist_states,
debug_info=None)
return {
"initial_state": initial_state,
"linking_scores": linking_scores,
"feature_scores": feature_scores,
"similarity_scores": question_entity_similarity_max_score
}
def test_correct_sequence_elements_are_embedded(self):
sequence_tensor = torch.randn([2, 5, 8])
# concatentate start and end points together to form our representation
# for both the forward and backward directions.
extractor = BidirectionalEndpointSpanExtractor(
input_dim=8, forward_combination="x,y", backward_combination="x,y")
indices = torch.LongTensor([[[1, 3], [2, 4]], [[0, 2], [3, 4]]])
span_representations = extractor(sequence_tensor, indices)
assert list(span_representations.size()) == [2, 2, 16]
assert extractor.get_output_dim() == 16
assert extractor.get_input_dim() == 8
# We just concatenated the start and end embeddings together, so
# we can check they match the original indices if we split them apart.
(forward_start_embeddings, forward_end_embeddings,
backward_start_embeddings,
backward_end_embeddings) = span_representations.split(4, -1)
forward_sequence_tensor, backward_sequence_tensor = sequence_tensor.split(
4, -1)
# Forward direction => subtract 1 from start indices to make them exlusive.
correct_forward_start_indices = torch.LongTensor([[0, 1], [-1, 2]])
# This index should be -1, so it will be replaced with a sentinel. Here,
# we'll set it to a value other than -1 so we can index select the indices and
# replace it later.
correct_forward_start_indices[1, 0] = 1
# Forward direction => end indices are the same.
correct_forward_end_indices = torch.LongTensor([[3, 4], [2, 4]])
# Backward direction => start indices are exclusive, so add 1 to the end indices.
correct_backward_start_indices = torch.LongTensor([[4, 5], [3, 5]])
# These exclusive end indices are outside the tensor, so will be replaced with the end sentinel.
# Here we replace them with ones so we can index select using these indices without torch
# complaining.
correct_backward_start_indices[0, 1] = 1
correct_backward_start_indices[1, 1] = 1
# Backward direction => end indices are inclusive and equal to the forward start indices.
correct_backward_end_indices = torch.LongTensor([[1, 2], [0, 3]])
correct_forward_start_embeddings = batched_index_select(
forward_sequence_tensor.contiguous(),
correct_forward_start_indices)
# This element had sequence_tensor index of 0, so it's exclusive index is the start sentinel.
correct_forward_start_embeddings[1, 0] = extractor._start_sentinel.data
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(
forward_start_embeddings.data.numpy(),
correct_forward_start_embeddings.data.numpy())
correct_forward_end_embeddings = batched_index_select(
forward_sequence_tensor.contiguous(), correct_forward_end_indices)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(
forward_end_embeddings.data.numpy(),
correct_forward_end_embeddings.data.numpy())
correct_backward_end_embeddings = batched_index_select(
backward_sequence_tensor.contiguous(),
correct_backward_end_indices)
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(
backward_end_embeddings.data.numpy(),
correct_backward_end_embeddings.data.numpy())
correct_backward_start_embeddings = batched_index_select(
backward_sequence_tensor.contiguous(),
correct_backward_start_indices)
# This element had sequence_tensor index == sequence_tensor.size(1),
# so it's exclusive index is the end sentinel.
correct_backward_start_embeddings[0, 1] = extractor._end_sentinel.data
correct_backward_start_embeddings[1, 1] = extractor._end_sentinel.data
numpy.testing.assert_array_equal(
backward_start_embeddings.data.numpy(),
correct_backward_start_embeddings.data.numpy())
def forward(self,
sequence_tensor: torch.FloatTensor,
span_indices: torch.LongTensor,
sequence_mask: torch.LongTensor = None,
span_indices_mask: torch.LongTensor = None) -> None:
# shape (batch_size, num_spans)
span_starts, span_ends = [
index.squeeze(-1) for index in span_indices.split(1, dim=-1)
]
if span_indices_mask is not None:
# It's not strictly necessary to multiply the span indices by the mask here,
# but it's possible that the span representation was padded with something other
# than 0 (such as -1, which would be an invalid index), so we do so anyway to
# be safe.
span_starts = span_starts * span_indices_mask
span_ends = span_ends * span_indices_mask
if not self._use_exclusive_start_indices:
start_embeddings = util.batched_index_select(
sequence_tensor, span_starts)
end_embeddings = util.batched_index_select(sequence_tensor,
span_ends)
else:
# We want `exclusive` span starts, so we remove 1 from the forward span starts
# as the AllenNLP ``SpanField`` is inclusive.
# shape (batch_size, num_spans)
exclusive_span_starts = span_starts - 1
# shape (batch_size, num_spans, 1)
start_sentinel_mask = (
exclusive_span_starts == -1).long().unsqueeze(-1)
exclusive_span_starts = exclusive_span_starts * (
1 - start_sentinel_mask.squeeze(-1))
# We'll check the indices here at runtime, because it's difficult to debug
# if this goes wrong and it's tricky to get right.
if (exclusive_span_starts < 0).any():
raise ValueError(
f"Adjusted span indices must lie inside the the sequence tensor, "
f"but found: exclusive_span_starts: {exclusive_span_starts}."
)
start_embeddings = util.batched_index_select(
sequence_tensor, exclusive_span_starts)
end_embeddings = util.batched_index_select(sequence_tensor,
span_ends)
# We're using sentinels, so we need to replace all the elements which were
# outside the dimensions of the sequence_tensor with the start sentinel.
float_start_sentinel_mask = start_sentinel_mask.float()
start_embeddings = start_embeddings * (1 - float_start_sentinel_mask) \
+ float_start_sentinel_mask * self._start_sentinel
combined_tensors = util.combine_tensors(
self._combination, [start_embeddings, end_embeddings])
if self._span_width_embedding is not None:
# Embed the span widths and concatenate to the rest of the representations.
if self._bucket_widths:
span_widths = util.bucket_values(
span_ends - span_starts,
num_total_buckets=self._num_width_embeddings)
else:
span_widths = span_ends - span_starts
span_width_embeddings = self._span_width_embedding(span_widths)
return torch.cat([combined_tensors, span_width_embeddings], -1)
if span_indices_mask is not None:
return combined_tensors * span_indices_mask.unsqueeze(-1).float()
return combined_tensors
