def power_plant_layout(self):
"""
Power plant layout calculation to determine power plant design point using
nominal power input/output and nominal pressure as inputs.
"""
msg = 'Starting power plant layout calculation, compressor part.'
logging.debug(msg)
# charging
self.tespy_charge.busses[self.power_bus_charge].set_attr(
P=self.power_nominal_charge)
self.tespy_charge.connections[self.pressure_conn_charge].set_attr(
p=self.pressure_nominal_charge,
m=ref(self.tespy_charge.connections[self.massflow_conn_charge],
1 / self.num_wells, 0))
self.tespy_charge.connections[self.massflow_conn_charge].set_attr(
m=np.nan)
self.tespy_charge.components[self.pipe_charge].set_attr(
L=self.min_well_depth)
self.tespy_charge.solve('design')
self.tespy_charge.save(self.wdir + self.sc + '_charge_design')
self.m_nom_charge = self.tespy_charge.connections[
self.massflow_conn_charge].m.val_SI
self.m_min_charge = self.m_nom_charge * self.massflow_min_rel
self.m_max_charge = self.m_nom_charge * self.massflow_max_rel
msg = 'Nominal mass flow for charging is ' + str(
self.m_nom_charge) + ' at nominal power ' + str(
self.power_nominal_charge) + ' and nominal pressure ' + str(
self.pressure_nominal_charge) + '.'
logging.debug(msg)
msg = 'Starting power plant layout calculation, turbine part.'
logging.debug(msg)
# discharging
self.tespy_discharge.busses[self.power_bus_discharge].set_attr(
P=self.power_nominal_discharge)
self.tespy_discharge.connections[
self.pressure_conn_discharge].set_attr(
p=self.pressure_nominal_discharge,
m=ref(
self.tespy_discharge.connections[
self.massflow_conn_discharge], 1 / self.num_wells, 0))
self.tespy_discharge.connections[
self.massflow_conn_discharge].set_attr(m=np.nan)
self.tespy_charge.components[self.pipe_discharge].set_attr(
L=self.min_well_depth)
self.tespy_discharge.solve('design')
self.tespy_discharge.save(self.wdir + self.sc + '_discharge_design')
self.m_nom_discharge = self.tespy_discharge.connections[
self.massflow_conn_discharge].m.val_SI
self.m_min_discharge = self.m_nom_discharge * self.massflow_min_rel
self.m_max_discharge = self.m_nom_discharge * self.massflow_max_rel
msg = 'Nominal mass flow for discharging is ' + str(
self.m_nom_discharge) + ' at nominal power ' + str(
self.power_nominal_discharge) + ' and nominal pressure ' + str(
self.pressure_nominal_discharge) + '.'
logging.debug(msg)
def define_connections_pipe_fork_back(df_pipe_fork, df_fork_pipe, k, pb,
fork_pipe_b1):
df_pipe_fork_nextnext = pd.merge(df_pipe_fork,
df_fork_pipe,
left_on='ID',
right_on='ID_previous',
how="outer")
df_pipe_fork_nextnext = df_pipe_fork_nextnext[[
"ID_x", "ID_previous_x", "ID_next_x", "ID_next_y"
]]
df_pipe_fork_nextnext = df_pipe_fork_nextnext.rename(
columns={
"ID_x": "ID",
"ID_previous_x": "ID_previous",
"ID_next_x": "ID_next",
"ID_next_y": "ID_next_next"
})
df_pipe_fork_nextnext = df_pipe_fork_nextnext.iloc[::2, :]
pipe_fork_b = {}
for index, row in df_pipe_fork_nextnext.iterrows():
pipe_fork_b[row["ID"]] = connection(
k[row["ID"]].comps["merge"],
"out1",
pb[row["ID"]],
"in1",
p=ref(fork_pipe_b1[row["ID_next_next"]], 1, -5e4))
return pipe_fork_b
def conns_set_ref(c, *args):
r"""
Set references on connections as specified in connection data.
Parameters
----------
c : pandas.core.series.Series
Connection information from .csv-file.
args[0] : pandas.core.frame.DataFrame
DataFrame containing all created connections.
Returns
-------
instance : tespy.connections.ref
TESPy reference object.
"""
for col in ['m', 'p', 'h', 'T']:
# search for referenced connections
if isinstance(c[col + '_ref'], str):
# create reference object
instance = args[0].instance[c[col +
'_ref'] == args[0]['id']].values[0]
# write to connection properties
c['instance'].get_attr(col).ref = ref(instance, c[col + '_ref_f'],
c[col + '_ref_d'])
def test_set_attr_errors():
"""Test errors of set_attr methods."""
nw = network(['water', 'air'])
comb = combustion.combustion_engine('combustion engine')
pipeline = piping.pipe('pipeline')
conn = connection(comb, 'out1', pipeline, 'in1')
mybus = bus('mybus')
# ValueErrors
set_attr_ValueError(comb, offdesign=['Q'])
set_attr_ValueError(conn, offdesign=['f'])
set_attr_ValueError(nw, m_unit='kg')
set_attr_ValueError(nw, h_unit='kg')
set_attr_ValueError(nw, p_unit='kg')
set_attr_ValueError(nw, T_unit='kg')
set_attr_ValueError(nw, v_unit='kg')
set_attr_ValueError(conn, state=5)
# TypeErrors
set_attr_TypeError(comb, P=[5])
set_attr_TypeError(comb, tiP_char=7)
set_attr_TypeError(comb, design='f')
set_attr_TypeError(comb, lamb=dc_cc())
set_attr_TypeError(comb, design_path=7)
set_attr_TypeError(comb, local_design=5)
set_attr_TypeError(comb, local_offdesign=5)
set_attr_TypeError(pipeline, hydro_group=5)
set_attr_TypeError(comb, printout=5)
set_attr_TypeError(conn, design='h')
set_attr_TypeError(conn, fluid_balance=1)
set_attr_TypeError(conn, h0=[4])
set_attr_TypeError(conn, fluid=5)
set_attr_TypeError(conn, design_path=5)
set_attr_TypeError(conn, local_design=5)
set_attr_TypeError(conn, local_offdesign=5)
set_attr_TypeError(conn, printout=5)
set_attr_TypeError(conn, label=5)
set_attr_TypeError(conn, state='f')
set_attr_TypeError(nw, m_range=5)
set_attr_TypeError(nw, p_range=5)
set_attr_TypeError(nw, h_range=5)
set_attr_TypeError(nw, iterinfo=5)
set_attr_TypeError(mybus, P='some value')
set_attr_TypeError(mybus, printout=5)
# KeyErrors
set_attr_KeyError(dc_cc(), x=7)
set_attr_KeyError(comb, wow=5)
set_attr_KeyError(conn, jey=5)
set_attr_KeyError(mybus, power_output=100000)
# NotImplementedError
set_attr_NotImplementedError(conn, Td_bp=ref(conn, 1, 0))
def define_connections_user_pipe(end_pipes, pb, cons, pipe_user):
user_pipe = {}
for index, row in end_pipes.iterrows():
user_pipe[int(row["USER_ID"])] = connection(cons[row["USER_ID"]],
"out1",
pb[row["ID"]],
"in1",
p=ref(
pipe_user[row["ID"]],
1, row["p_drop"]))
return user_pipe
def test_get_attr_errors():
"""Test errors of get_attr methods."""
nw = network(['water', 'air'])
comb = combustion.combustion_engine('combustion engine')
pipeline = piping.pipe('pipeline')
conn = connection(comb, 'out1', pipeline, 'in1')
mybus = bus('mybus')
sub = subsystems.subsystem('MySub')
get_attr_KeyError(comb, 'wow')
get_attr_KeyError(conn, 'key')
get_attr_KeyError(mybus, 'components')
get_attr_KeyError(nw, 'missing')
get_attr_KeyError(ref(conn, 1, 0), 'comp')
get_attr_KeyError(sub, 'test')
get_attr_KeyError(char_line(), 'test')
get_attr_KeyError(data_container(), 'somekey')
get_attr_KeyError(char_map(), 'Stuff')
def power_plant_layout(self):
"""
Power plant layout calculation to determine power plant design point using
nominal power input/output and nominal pressure as inputs.
"""
msg = 'Starting power plant layout calculation.'
logging.debug(msg)
for mode in ['charge', 'discharge']:
model = getattr(self, mode)
pressure_conn = model.connections[getattr(self, 'pressure_conn_' + mode)]
massflow_conn = model.connections[getattr(self, 'massflow_conn_' + mode)]
power_bus = model.busses[getattr(self, 'power_bus_' + mode)]
power_bus.set_attr(P=getattr(self, 'power_nominal_' + mode))
pressure_conn.set_attr(
p=getattr(self, 'pressure_nominal_' + mode),
m=ref(massflow_conn, 1 / self.num_wells, 0)
)
massflow_conn.set_attr(m=np.nan)
model.components[getattr(self, 'pipe_' + mode)].set_attr(
L=self.min_well_depth
)
model.solve('design')
model.save(self.wdir + self.sc + '_' + mode + '_design')
m_nom = massflow_conn.m.val_SI
setattr(self, 'm_nom_' + mode, m_nom)
setattr(self, 'm_min_' + mode, m_nom * self.massflow_min_rel)
setattr(self, 'm_max_' + mode, m_nom * self.massflow_max_rel)
msg = (
'Nominal mass flow for ' + mode + ' is ' +
str(m_nom) + ' at nominal power ' +
str(getattr(self, 'power_nominal_' + mode)) + ' and nominal ' +
'pressure ' + str(getattr(self, 'pressure_nominal_' + mode)) +
'.'
)
logging.debug(msg)
msg = 'Finished power plant layout calculation.'
logging.debug(msg)
cp1.set_attr(eta_s=0.85, design=['eta_s'], offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
cp2.set_attr(eta_s=0.9, pr=3, design=['eta_s'], offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
ic.set_attr(pr1=0.99,
pr2=0.999,
design=['pr1', 'pr2'],
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'kA'])
# %% connection parametrization
# condenser system
c_in_cd.set_attr(fluid={'air': 0, 'NH3': 1, 'water': 0})
cb_dhp.set_attr(T=60, p=10, fluid={'air': 0, 'NH3': 0, 'water': 1})
cd_cons.set_attr(T=90)
cons_cf.set_attr(h=ref(cb_dhp, 1, 0), p=ref(cb_dhp, 1, 0))
# evaporator system cold side
erp_ev.set_attr(m=ref(ves_dr, 1.25, 0), p0=5)
su_cp1.set_attr(p0=5, h0=1700)
# evaporator system hot side
# fan blows at constant rate
amb_fan.set_attr(T=12,
p=1,
fluid={
'air': 1,
'NH3': 0,
'water': 0
def create_ref_TypeError(self, params):
ref(params[0], params[1], params[2])
def setup(self):
# %% network
self.nw = network(fluids=['water', 'NH3'],
T_unit='C',
p_unit='bar',
h_unit='kJ / kg',
m_unit='kg / s')
# %% components
# sources & sinks
c_in = source('coolant in')
cb = source('consumer back flow')
cf = sink('consumer feed flow')
amb_in = source('source ambient')
amb_out = sink('sink ambient')
ic_in = source('source intercool')
ic_out = sink('sink intercool')
c_out = sink('coolant out')
# consumer system
cd = heat_exchanger('condenser')
rp = pump('recirculation pump')
cons = heat_exchanger_simple('consumer')
# evaporator system
va = valve('valve')
dr = drum('drum')
ev = heat_exchanger('evaporator')
su = heat_exchanger('superheater')
pu = pump('pump evaporator')
# compressor-system
cp1 = compressor('compressor 1')
cp2 = compressor('compressor 2')
he = heat_exchanger('intercooler')
# busses
self.power = bus('total compressor power')
self.power.add_comps({'c': cp1}, {'c': cp2})
self.heat = bus('total delivered heat')
self.heat.add_comps({'c': cd, 'char': -1})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power, self.heat)
# %% connections
# consumer system
c_in_cd = connection(c_in, 'out1', cd, 'in1')
cb_rp = connection(cb, 'out1', rp, 'in1')
rp_cd = connection(rp, 'out1', cd, 'in2')
self.cd_cons = connection(cd, 'out2', cons, 'in1')
cons_cf = connection(cons, 'out1', cf, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(c_in_cd, cb_rp, rp_cd, self.cd_cons, cons_cf)
# connection condenser - evaporator system
cd_va = connection(cd, 'out1', va, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(cd_va)
# evaporator system
va_dr = connection(va, 'out1', dr, 'in1')
dr_pu = connection(dr, 'out1', pu, 'in1')
pu_ev = connection(pu, 'out1', ev, 'in2')
ev_dr = connection(ev, 'out2', dr, 'in2')
dr_su = connection(dr, 'out2', su, 'in2')
self.nw.add_conns(va_dr, dr_pu, pu_ev, ev_dr, dr_su)
self.amb_in_su = connection(amb_in, 'out1', su, 'in1')
su_ev = connection(su, 'out1', ev, 'in1')
ev_amb_out = connection(ev, 'out1', amb_out, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(self.amb_in_su, su_ev, ev_amb_out)
# connection evaporator system - compressor system
su_cp1 = connection(su, 'out2', cp1, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(su_cp1)
# compressor-system
cp1_he = connection(cp1, 'out1', he, 'in1')
he_cp2 = connection(he, 'out1', cp2, 'in1')
cp2_c_out = connection(cp2, 'out1', c_out, 'in1')
ic_in_he = connection(ic_in, 'out1', he, 'in2')
he_ic_out = connection(he, 'out2', ic_out, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(cp1_he, he_cp2, ic_in_he, he_ic_out, cp2_c_out)
# %% component parametrization
# condenser system
x = np.array([
0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, 0.25, 0.3125, 0.375, 0.4375, 0.5, 0.5625,
0.6375, 0.7125, 0.7875, 0.9, 0.9875, 1, 1.0625, 1.125, 1.175,
1.2125, 1.2375, 1.25
])
y = np.array([
0.0076, 0.1390, 0.2731, 0.4003, 0.5185, 0.6263, 0.7224, 0.8056,
0.8754, 0.9312, 0.9729, 1.0006, 1.0203, 1.0158, 1.0051, 1.0000,
0.9746, 0.9289, 0.8832, 0.8376, 0.7843, 0.7614
])
rp.set_attr(eta_s=0.8,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'],
eta_s_char=dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m'))
cons.set_attr(pr=1, design=['pr'], offdesign=['zeta'])
# evaporator system
x = np.linspace(0, 2.5, 26)
y = np.array([
0.000, 0.164, 0.283, 0.389, 0.488, 0.581, 0.670, 0.756, 0.840,
0.921, 1.000, 1.078, 1.154, 1.228, 1.302, 1.374, 1.446, 1.516,
1.585, 1.654, 1.722, 1.789, 1.855, 1.921, 1.986, 2.051
])
kA_char1 = dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m')
x = np.array([
0.0100, 0.0400, 0.0700, 0.1100, 0.1500, 0.2000, 0.2500, 0.3000,
0.3500, 0.4000, 0.4500, 0.5000, 0.5500, 0.6000, 0.6500, 0.7000,
0.7500, 0.8000, 0.8500, 0.9000, 0.9500, 1.0000, 1.5000, 2.0000
])
y = np.array([
0.0185, 0.0751, 0.1336, 0.2147, 0.2997, 0.4118, 0.5310, 0.6582,
0.7942, 0.9400, 0.9883, 0.9913, 0.9936, 0.9953, 0.9966, 0.9975,
0.9983, 0.9988, 0.9992, 0.9996, 0.9998, 1.0000, 1.0008, 1.0014
])
kA_char2 = dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m')
ev.set_attr(pr1=1,
pr2=.999,
ttd_l=5,
design=['ttd_l'],
offdesign=['kA'],
kA_char1=kA_char1,
kA_char2=kA_char2)
# no kA modification for hot side!
x = np.array([0, 1])
y = np.array([1, 1])
kA_char1 = dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m')
# characteristic line for superheater kA
x = np.array(
[0, 0.045, 0.136, 0.244, 0.43, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2])
y = np.array(
[0, 0.037, 0.112, 0.207, 0.5, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1, 1.04, 1.07])
kA_char2 = dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m')
su.set_attr(kA_char1=kA_char1,
kA_char2=kA_char2,
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'kA'])
x = np.array([
0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, 0.25, 0.3125, 0.375, 0.4375, 0.5, 0.5625,
0.6375, 0.7125, 0.7875, 0.9, 0.9875, 1, 1.0625, 1.125, 1.175,
1.2125, 1.2375, 1.25
])
y = np.array([
0.0076, 0.1390, 0.2731, 0.4003, 0.5185, 0.6263, 0.7224, 0.8056,
0.8754, 0.9312, 0.9729, 1.0006, 1.0203, 1.0158, 1.0051, 1.0000,
0.9746, 0.9289, 0.8832, 0.8376, 0.7843, 0.7614
])
pu.set_attr(eta_s=0.8,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'],
eta_s_char=dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m'))
# compressor system
x = np.array([0, 0.4, 1, 1.2])
y = np.array([0.5, 0.9, 1, 1.1])
cp1.set_attr(eta_s=0.8,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'],
eta_s_char=dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m'))
cp2.set_attr(eta_s=0.8,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'],
eta_s_char=dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m'))
# characteristic line for intercooler kA
x = np.linspace(0, 2.5, 26)
y = np.array([
0.0000, 0.2455, 0.3747, 0.4798, 0.5718, 0.6552, 0.7323, 0.8045,
0.8727, 0.9378, 1.0000, 1.0599, 1.1176, 1.1736, 1.2278, 1.2806,
1.3320, 1.3822, 1.4313, 1.4792, 1.5263, 1.5724, 1.6176, 1.6621,
1.7058, 1.7488
])
# x = np.array([0, 1])
# y = np.array([1, 1])
kA_char1 = dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m')
x = np.linspace(0, 2.5, 26)
y = np.array([
0.000, 0.164, 0.283, 0.389, 0.488, 0.581, 0.670, 0.756, 0.840,
0.921, 1.000, 1.078, 1.154, 1.228, 1.302, 1.374, 1.446, 1.516,
1.585, 1.654, 1.722, 1.789, 1.855, 1.921, 1.986, 2.051
])
# x = np.array([0, 1])
# y = np.array([1, 1])
kA_char2 = dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m')
he.set_attr(kA_char1=kA_char1,
kA_char2=kA_char2,
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'kA'])
# characteristic line for condenser kA
x = np.linspace(0, 2.5, 26)
y = np.array([
0.0000, 0.2455, 0.3747, 0.4798, 0.5718, 0.6552, 0.7323, 0.8045,
0.8727, 0.9378, 1.0000, 1.0599, 1.1176, 1.1736, 1.2278, 1.2806,
1.3320, 1.3822, 1.4313, 1.4792, 1.5263, 1.5724, 1.6176, 1.6621,
1.7058, 1.7488
])
kA_char1 = dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m')
x = np.linspace(0, 2.5, 26)
y = np.array([
0.000, 0.164, 0.283, 0.389, 0.488, 0.581, 0.670, 0.756, 0.840,
0.921, 1.000, 1.078, 1.154, 1.228, 1.302, 1.374, 1.446, 1.516,
1.585, 1.654, 1.722, 1.789, 1.855, 1.921, 1.986, 2.051
])
kA_char2 = dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), param='m')
cd.set_attr(kA_char1=kA_char1,
kA_char2=kA_char2,
pr2=0.9998,
design=['pr2'],
offdesign=['zeta2', 'kA'])
# %% connection parametrization
# condenser system
c_in_cd.set_attr(fluid={'water': 0, 'NH3': 1}, p=60)
rp_cd.set_attr(T=60, fluid={'water': 1, 'NH3': 0}, p=10)
self.cd_cons.set_attr(T=105)
cons_cf.set_attr(h=ref(cb_rp, 1, 0), p=ref(cb_rp, 1, 0))
cd_va.set_attr(p=ref(c_in_cd, 1, -1000),
Td_bp=-5,
h0=500,
design=['Td_bp'])
# evaporator system cold side
pu_ev.set_attr(m=ref(va_dr, 10, 0), p0=5)
dr_su.set_attr(p0=5, T=5)
su_cp1.set_attr(p=ref(dr_su, 1, -5000),
Td_bp=5,
h0=1700,
design=['Td_bp', 'p'])
# evaporator system hot side
self.amb_in_su.set_attr(m=20, T=12, p=1, fluid={'water': 1, 'NH3': 0})
su_ev.set_attr(p=ref(self.amb_in_su, 1, -100), design=['p'])
ev_amb_out.set_attr()
# compressor-system
cp1_he.set_attr(p=15)
he_cp2.set_attr(T=40, p=ref(cp1_he, 1, -1000), design=['T', 'p'])
ic_in_he.set_attr(p=1, T=20, m=5, fluid={'water': 1, 'NH3': 0})
he_ic_out.set_attr(p=ref(ic_in_he, 1, -200), design=['p'])
cp2_c_out.set_attr(p=ref(c_in_cd, 1, 0), h=ref(c_in_cd, 1, 0))
def test_pump(self):
"""Test component properties of pumps."""
instance = pump('pump')
self.setup_network(instance)
fl = {'N2': 0, 'O2': 0, 'Ar': 0, 'INCOMP::DowQ': 1, 'NH3': 0}
self.c1.set_attr(fluid=fl, v=1, p=5, T=50)
self.c2.set_attr(p=7)
instance.set_attr(eta_s=1)
self.nw.solve('design')
# test calculated value for efficiency
eta_s = ((instance.h_os('') - self.c1.h.val_SI) /
(self.c2.h.val_SI - self.c1.h.val_SI))
msg = ('Value of isentropic efficiency must be ' + str(eta_s) +
', is ' + str(instance.eta_s.val) + '.')
eq_(eta_s, instance.eta_s.val, msg)
# isentropic efficiency of 1 means inlet and outlet entropy are
# identical
s1 = round(s_mix_ph(self.c1.to_flow()), 4)
s2 = round(s_mix_ph(self.c2.to_flow()), 4)
msg = ('Value of entropy must be identical for inlet (' + str(s1) +
') and outlet (' + str(s2) +
') at 100 % isentropic efficiency.')
eq_(s1, s2, msg)
# specify realistic value for efficiency, outlet pressure from flow
# char
eta_s_d = 0.8
instance.set_attr(eta_s=eta_s_d)
self.nw.solve('design')
self.nw.save('tmp')
self.c2.set_attr(p=np.nan)
# flow char (pressure rise vs. volumetric flow)
x = [0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2, 1.4]
y = np.array([14, 13.5, 12.5, 11, 9, 6.5, 3.5, 0]) * 1e5
char = dc_cc(func=char_line(x, y), is_set=True)
# apply flow char and eta_s char
instance.set_attr(flow_char=char,
eta_s=np.nan,
eta_s_char=dc_cc(func=ldc('pump', 'eta_s_char',
'DEFAULT', char_line),
is_set=True))
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
# value for difference pressure
dp = 650000.0
msg = ('Value of pressure rise must be ' + str(dp) + ', is ' +
str(self.c2.p.val_SI - self.c1.p.val_SI) + '.')
eq_(round(self.c2.p.val_SI - self.c1.p.val_SI, 0), dp, msg)
# test ohter volumetric flow on flow char
self.c1.set_attr(v=0.9)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
dp = 775000.0
msg = ('Value of pressure rise must be ' + str(dp) + ', is ' +
str(self.c2.p.val_SI - self.c1.p.val_SI) + '.')
eq_(self.c2.p.val_SI - self.c1.p.val_SI, dp, msg)
# test value of isentropic efficiency
eta_s = round(
eta_s_d * instance.eta_s_char.func.evaluate(
self.c1.v.val_SI / self.c1.v.design), 3)
msg = ('Value of isentropic efficiency must be ' + str(eta_s) +
', is ' + str(instance.eta_s.val) + '.')
eq_(eta_s, round(instance.eta_s.val, 3), msg)
instance.eta_s_char.is_set = False
# test boundaries of characteristic line:
# lower boundary
self.c2.set_attr(T=ref(self.c1, 0, 20))
self.c1.set_attr(v=-0.1)
self.nw.solve('design')
msg = ('Value of power must be ' + str(14e5) + ', is ' +
str(self.c2.p.val_SI - self.c1.p.val_SI) + '.')
eq_(self.c2.p.val_SI - self.c1.p.val_SI, 14e5, msg)
# upper boundary
self.c1.set_attr(v=1.5)
self.nw.solve('design')
msg = ('Value of power must be ' + str(0) + ', is ' +
str(self.c2.p.val_SI - self.c1.p.val_SI) + '.')
eq_(self.c2.p.val_SI - self.c1.p.val_SI, 0, msg)
shutil.rmtree('./tmp', ignore_errors=True)
fluid={
'Ar': 0,
'N2': 0,
'H2O': 0,
'CH4': 1,
'CO2': 0,
'O2': 0
})
compressor_gtp.combustion_chamber.set_attr(h0=659.83)
combustion_chamber.gas_turbine.set_attr(T=1500)
gas_turbine.steam_generator_gas.set_attr(p=1)
steam_generator_gas.rauchgas.set_attr(T=150)
# Connections Steam
fs_source.steam_generator_gas.set_attr(T=ref(pump.fs_sink, 1, 0),
fluid={
'Ar': 0,
'N2': 0,
'H2O': 1,
'CH4': 0,
'CO2': 0,
'O2': 0
})
steam_generator_gas.hp_turbine.set_attr(T=600, p=100, design=['p'])
hp_turbine.splitter_1.set_attr(p=3, design=['p'])
lp_turbine.merge.set_attr(p=0.04)
pump.fs_sink.set_attr(p=ref(fs_source.steam_generator_gas, 1, 0))
# Connections Cooling Water
cw_source.condenser_stp.set_attr(T=20,
dT_feed = 100
dT_return = 200
# return temperatures of consumers
for sub in [h1, ia, sc, h2, h3, h4]:
for i in range(sub.num_consumer):
sub.conns['cova_' + str(i)].set_attr(T=52)
# temperature differences over subsystem pipes
if isinstance(sub, lc):
for i in range(sub.num_consumer - 1):
# feed
dT_feed_ref = ref(sub.conns['spfe_' + str(i)], 1,
-sub.comps['feed_' + str(i)].L.val / dT_feed)
# return
if i == sub.num_consumer - 1:
dT_return_ref = ref(
sub.conns['mere_' + str(i + 1)], 1,
-sub.comps['return_' + str(i)].L.val / dT_return)
else:
dT_return_ref = ref(
sub.conns['cova_' + str(i + 1)], 1,
-sub.comps['return_' + str(i)].L.val / dT_return)
if i == sub.num_consumer - 2:
sub.conns['spco_' + str(i + 1)].set_attr(T=dT_feed_ref,
design=['T'])
else:
sub.conns['fesp_' + str(i + 1)].set_attr(T=dT_feed_ref,
# gas turbine
c_in.set_attr(T=20,
p=1,
m=250,
fluid={
'Ar': 0.0129,
'N2': 0.7553,
'H2O': 0,
'CH4': 0,
'CO2': 0.0004,
'O2': 0.2314
},
design=['m'])
gt_in.set_attr(T=1200)
gt_out.set_attr(p0=1)
fuel.set_attr(T=ref(c_in, 1, 0),
h0=800,
fluid={
'CO2': 0.04,
'Ar': 0,
'N2': 0,
'O2': 0,
'H2O': 0,
'CH4': 0.96
})
# waste heat recovery
eco_dh.set_attr(T=290, design=['T'], p0=1)
dh_ch.set_attr(T=100, design=['T'], p=1)
# steam turbine
#dp = np.array([11, 11]) * 1e5
#char = hlp.dc_cc(x=v, y=dp, is_set=True)
#pump.set_attr(eta_s=0.85, flow_char=char, design=['eta_s_char'])
pump.set_attr(pr=14.75, eta_s=0.9)
ihe.set_attr(pr1=0.849056603, pr2=0.957627118)
condenser.set_attr(pr1=0.8889, pr2=1)
turbine.set_attr(pr=0.098148148, eta_s=0.85, design=['eta_s', 'pr'])
p_and_e.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.955752212)
# parametrization of connections
turbine_wf_in.set_attr(T=T_before_turbine,
fluid={
'water': 0,
'Isopentane': 1,
'Air': 0
})
p_and_e_wf_in.set_attr(T=ref(ihe_wf_out, 1, 0),
p=ref(ihe_wf_out, 1, 0),
m=ref(ihe_wf_out, 1, 0),
fluid={
'water': 0,
'Isopentane': 1,
'Air': 0
})
p_and_e_wf_out.set_attr(T=ref(turbine_wf_in, 1, 0), state='g')
pump_ihe.set_attr(p=p_after_pump)
# air cooling connections
ca_in.set_attr(T=T_air,
p=p_air,
m=mass_flow_rate_air,
fluid={
'water': 0,
def set_conns(self):
if self.circ_num_set:
self.conns[3].set_attr(m=ref(self.conns[-1], self.circ_num, 0))
else:
self.conns[3].set_attr(m=np.nan)
ihe_cond_2.set_attr()
cond_pu_2.set_attr()
pu_ihe_2.set_attr()
ihe_val_2.set_attr()
val_mer_2.set_attr()
# parametrization of connections (preheater and evaporator)
wf_in_spl.set_attr(Td_bp=2.3,
h0=500,
p=p_before_turbines,
fluid={
'water': 0,
'Isopentane': 1,
'Air': 0
})
spl_turb_2.set_attr(m=ref(wf_in_spl, 0.5, 0))
evap_preh.set_attr(T=80)
# air cooling connections
ca_in_1.set_attr(T=T_air,
p=p_air,
m=mass_flow_rate_air / 2,
fluid={
'water': 0,
'Isopentane': 0,
'Air': 1
})
ca_out_1.set_attr(T=T_air + 15)
ca_in_2.set_attr(T=T_air,
p=p_air,
# %% connection parameters
# gas turbine
c_in.set_attr(T=20,
p=1,
fluid={
'Ar': 0.0129,
'N2': 0.7553,
'H2O': 0,
'CH4': 0,
'CO2': 0.0004,
'O2': 0.2314
})
# gt_in.set_attr(T=1315)
# gt_out.set_attr(p=1.05)
fuel_comp.set_attr(p=ref(c_in, 1, 0),
T=ref(c_in, 1, 0),
h0=800,
fluid={
'CO2': 0.04,
'Ar': 0,
'N2': 0,
'O2': 0,
'H2O': 0,
'CH4': 0.96
})
# waste heat recovery
eco_ch.set_attr(T=142, design=['T'], p=1.02)
# steam turbine
steam_generator.exhaust_gas.set_attr(p=1, T=150)
# steam turbine part
fs_source.steam_generator.set_attr(p=100,
T=35,
fluid={
'Ar': 0,
'N2': 0,
'H2O': 1,
'CH4': 0,
'CO2': 0,
'O2': 0
})
steam_generator.steam_turbine.set_attr(T=500)
dh_heat_exchanger.pump.set_attr(x=0)
pump.fs_sink.set_attr(p=ref(fs_source.steam_generator, 1, 0))
# district heating part
dh_source.dh_heat_exchanger.set_attr(T=t_dh_in,
p=10,
fluid={
'Ar': 0,
'N2': 0,
'H2O': 1,
'CH4': 0,
'CO2': 0,
'O2': 0
})
dh_heat_exchanger.dh_sink.set_attr(T=t_dh_out)
# %% Busses
def set_attr(self):
r"""
# %% set the attribution of the heat pump
:return: heat output of the heat pump
"""
HeatPump.cd.set_attr(pr1=0.99,
pr2=0.99,
ttd_u=15,
design=['pr2', 'ttd_u'],
offdesign=['zeta2', 'kA'])
HeatPump.dhp.set_attr(eta_s=self.eff,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
HeatPump.cons.set_attr(pr=0.99, design=['pr'], offdesign=['zeta'])
# water pump
HeatPump.pu.set_attr(eta_s=self.eff,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
# evaporator system
kA_char1 = ldc('heat exchanger', 'kA_char1', 'DEFAULT', char_line)
kA_char2 = ldc('heat exchanger', 'kA_char2', 'EVAPORATING FLUID',
char_line)
HeatPump.ev.set_attr(pr1=0.98,
pr2=0.99,
ttd_l=5,
kA_char1=kA_char1,
kA_char2=kA_char2,
design=['pr1', 'ttd_l'],
offdesign=['zeta1', 'kA'])
HeatPump.su.set_attr(pr1=0.98,
pr2=0.99,
ttd_u=2,
design=['pr1', 'pr2', 'ttd_u'],
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'kA'])
HeatPump.erp.set_attr(eta_s=self.eff,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
# compressor system
HeatPump.cp1.set_attr(eta_s=self.eff,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
HeatPump.cp2.set_attr(eta_s=self.eff,
pr=3,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
HeatPump.ic.set_attr(pr1=0.99,
pr2=0.98,
design=['pr1', 'pr2'],
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'kA'])
# %% connection parametrization
# condenser system
HeatPump.c_in_cd.set_attr(fluid={'air': 0, 'NH3': 1, 'water': 0})
HeatPump.cb_dhp.set_attr(T=20,
p=10,
fluid={
'air': 0,
'NH3': 0,
'water': 1
})
HeatPump.cd_cons.set_attr(T=self.Temp)
HeatPump.cons_cf.set_attr(h=ref(HeatPump.cb_dhp, 1, 0),
p=ref(HeatPump.cb_dhp, 1, 0))
# evaporator system cold side
HeatPump.erp_ev.set_attr(m=ref(HeatPump.ves_dr, 1.25, 0), p0=5)
HeatPump.su_cp1.set_attr(p0=5, h0=1700)
# evaporator system hot side
# pumping at constant rate in partload
HeatPump.amb_p.set_attr(T=12,
p=2,
fluid={
'air': 0,
'NH3': 0,
'water': 1
},
offdesign=['v'])
HeatPump.sp_su.set_attr(offdesign=['v'])
HeatPump.ev_amb_out.set_attr(p=2, T=9, design=['T'])
# compressor-system
HeatPump.he_cp2.set_attr(Td_bp=5, p0=20, design=['Td_bp'])
HeatPump.ic_out.set_attr(T=15, design=['T'])
# %% key paramter
HeatPump.cons.set_attr(Q=self.q)
def test_set_attr_errors(self):
#
labels = [5, 'Label,', 'Labe;l', 'Label.']
for l in labels:
self.cmp_instanciation_ValueError(l)
# ValueErrors
self.set_attr_ValueError(self.comp, offdesign=['Q'])
self.set_attr_ValueError(self.conn, offdesign=['f'])
self.set_attr_ValueError(self.conn, state='f')
self.set_attr_ValueError(self.nw, m_unit='kg')
self.set_attr_ValueError(self.nw, h_unit='kg')
self.set_attr_ValueError(self.nw, p_unit='kg')
self.set_attr_ValueError(self.nw, T_unit='kg')
self.set_attr_ValueError(self.nw, v_unit='kg')
self.create_connection_ValueError('source')
self.create_connection_ValueError('target')
# TypeErrors
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.comp, P=[5])
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.comp, tiP_char=None)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.comp, design='f')
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.comp, design_path=7)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.comp, local_design=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.comp, local_offdesign=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.pipe, hydro_group=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.comp, printout=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.conn, design='h')
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.conn, fluid_balance=1)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.conn, h0=[4])
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.conn, fluid=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.conn, state=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.conn, design_path=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.conn, local_design=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.conn, local_offdesign=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.conn, printout=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.nw, m_range=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.nw, p_range=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.nw, h_range=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.nw, T_range=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.nw, iterinfo=5)
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.bus, P='some value')
self.set_attr_TypeError(self.bus, printout=5)
self.bus_add_comps_TypeError({'c': self.conn})
self.bus_add_comps_TypeError({'f': self.comp})
self.bus_add_comps_TypeError({'c': self.comp, 'char': 'Hi'})
self.bus_add_comps_TypeError({'c': self.comp, 'p': 5})
self.bus_add_comps_TypeError({'c': self.comp, 'P_ref': 'what'})
self.create_ref_TypeError([self.conn, 7, 'hi'])
self.create_ref_TypeError([self.conn, 'hi', 0])
self.create_ref_TypeError([self.comp, 1, 0])
# KeyErrors
self.set_attr_KeyError(self.comp, wow=5)
self.set_attr_KeyError(self.conn, jey=5)
self.set_attr_KeyError(self.bus, power_output=100000)
self.get_attr_KeyError(self.comp, 'wow')
self.get_attr_KeyError(self.conn, 'key')
self.get_attr_KeyError(self.bus, 'components')
self.get_attr_KeyError(self.nw, 'missing')
self.get_attr_KeyError(ref(self.conn, 1, 0), 'comp')
self.get_attr_KeyError(self.sub, 'test')
self.get_attr_KeyError(char_line(), 'test')
self.get_attr_KeyError(data_container(), 'somekey')
def create_ref_TypeError(params):
with raises(TypeError):
ref(params[0], params[1], params[2])
he.set_attr(pr1=0.98,
pr2=0.98,
design=['pr1', 'pr2'],
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'kA'])
# %% connection parametrization
# condenser system
c_in_cd.set_attr(fluid={'water': 0, 'NH3': 1})
close_rp.set_attr(T=60, p=10, fluid={'water': 1, 'NH3': 0})
cd_cons.set_attr(T=90)
# evaporator system cold side
pu_ev.set_attr(m=ref(va_dr, 0.75, 0), p0=5)
su_cp1.set_attr(p0=5, h0=1700)
# evaporator system hot side
amb_in_su.set_attr(T=12, p=1, fluid={'water': 1, 'NH3': 0})
ev_amb_out.set_attr(T=9)
he_cp2.set_attr(T=40, p0=10)
ic_in_he.set_attr(p=5, T=20, fluid={'water': 1, 'NH3': 0})
he_ic_out.set_attr(T=30, design=['T'])
# %% key paramter
cons.set_attr(Q=-230e3)
cons.set_attr(D=2, L=0.1, ks=0.00001)
# busses
heat = bus('consumer heat demand')
heat.add_comps({'c': cons, 'p': 'P'})
btes.add_busses(heat)
# consumer heat demand
heat.set_attr(P=-3000) # W
## connection parametrization
# system inlet
inflow_head = 2 # bar
fc_pu.set_attr(p=inflow_head, m=0.6, fluid={'water': 1})
# for BHEs:
# Tout:
bhe1_mg.set_attr(T=303.15)
bhe2_mg.set_attr(T=303.15)
bhe3_mg.set_attr(T=303.15)
# imposed boundary condition: ensure all heat from BHEs are consumed on 'consumer'
pu_sp.set_attr(h=ref(cons_fc, 1, 0))
# %% solve
btes.solve('design')
#btes.print_results()
# %% save to csv:
btes.save('tespy_nw', structure=True)
def __init__(self, working_fluid):
self.working_fluid = working_fluid
fluids = ['water', self.working_fluid, 'air']
self.nw = network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# geo parameters
geo_mass_flow = 210
geo_steam_share = 0.1
T_brine_in = 144.8
T_reinjection = 70.8
# ambient parameters
T_amb = 0
p_amb = 1
# main components
geo_steam = source('steam source')
geo_brine = source('brine source')
geo_reinjection = sink('reinjection well')
air_in = source('ambient air source')
air_out = sink('ambient air sink')
air_cond = condenser('main condenser')
orc_cc = cycle_closer('orc cycle closer')
evap_steam = condenser('steam evaporator')
evap_splitter = splitter('splitter evaporation')
evap_merge = merge('merge evaporation')
evap_steam = condenser('steam evaporator')
geo_steam_pump = pump('geosteam condensate pump')
evap_brine = heat_exchanger('brine evaporator')
dr = drum('drum')
eco = heat_exchanger('economiser')
feed_water_pump = pump('feed water pump')
geo_merge = merge('brine merge')
tur = turbine('turbine')
ls_valve = valve('live steam valve')
ihe = heat_exchanger('internal heat exchanger')
# busses
power_bus = bus('power output')
power_bus.add_comps({
'c': tur,
'char': -1
}, {
'c': feed_water_pump,
'char': -1
}, {
'c': geo_steam_pump,
'char': -1
})
geothermal_bus = bus('thermal input')
geothermal_bus.add_comps({
'c': eco,
'char': -1
}, {
'c': evap_brine,
'char': -1
}, {
'c': evap_steam,
'char': -1
})
self.nw.add_busses(power_bus, geothermal_bus)
# turbine to condenser
ls_in = connection(orc_cc, 'out1', ls_valve, 'in1')
lsv_tur = connection(ls_valve, 'out1', tur, 'in1')
tur_ihe = connection(tur, 'out1', ihe, 'in1')
ihe_cond = connection(ihe, 'out1', air_cond, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(ls_in, lsv_tur, tur_ihe, ihe_cond)
# condenser to steam generator
cond_fwp = connection(air_cond, 'out1', feed_water_pump, 'in1')
fwp_ihe = connection(feed_water_pump, 'out1', ihe, 'in2')
self.nw.add_conns(cond_fwp, fwp_ihe)
# steam generator
ihe_eco = connection(ihe, 'out2', eco, 'in2')
eco_dr = connection(eco, 'out2', dr, 'in1')
dr_esp = connection(dr, 'out1', evap_splitter, 'in1')
esp_eb = connection(evap_splitter, 'out1', evap_brine, 'in2')
esp_es = connection(evap_splitter, 'out2', evap_steam, 'in2')
eb_em = connection(evap_brine, 'out2', evap_merge, 'in1')
es_em = connection(evap_steam, 'out2', evap_merge, 'in2')
em_dr = connection(evap_merge, 'out1', dr, 'in2')
ls_out = connection(dr, 'out2', orc_cc, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(ihe_eco, eco_dr, dr_esp, esp_eb, esp_es, eb_em,
es_em, em_dr, ls_out)
# air cold side
air_cold = connection(air_in, 'out1', air_cond, 'in2')
air_hot = connection(air_cond, 'out2', air_out, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(air_cold, air_hot)
# geo source
gs_es = connection(geo_steam,
'out1',
evap_steam,
'in1',
label='geosteam')
es_gsp = connection(evap_steam, 'out1', geo_steam_pump, 'in1')
gsp_gm = connection(geo_steam_pump, 'out1', geo_merge, 'in1')
gb_eb = connection(geo_brine,
'out1',
evap_brine,
'in1',
label='geobrine')
eb_gm = connection(evap_brine, 'out1', geo_merge, 'in2')
self.nw.add_conns(gs_es, es_gsp, gsp_gm, gb_eb, eb_gm)
gm_eco = connection(geo_merge, 'out1', eco, 'in1')
eco_gr = connection(eco,
'out1',
geo_reinjection,
'in1',
label='reinjection')
self.nw.add_conns(gm_eco, eco_gr)
# fluid settings
ihe_eco.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 1, 'air': 0, 'water': 0})
air_cold.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 0, 'air': 1, 'water': 0})
gs_es.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 0, 'air': 0, 'water': 1})
gb_eb.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 0, 'air': 0, 'water': 1})
# connection parameters
ls_stable_p0 = PSI('P', 'T', T_brine_in + 273.15, 'Q', 1,
self.working_fluid) / 1e5
lsv_tur.set_attr(p0=ls_stable_p0)
ws_stable_h0 = (
PSI('H', 'T', T_amb + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid) + 0.5 *
(PSI('H', 'T', T_brine_in + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid) -
PSI('H', 'T', T_amb + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid))) / 1e3
tur_ihe.set_attr(h=ws_stable_h0)
ihe_cond.set_attr(
Td_bp=2,
design=['Td_bp'],
p0=PSI('P', 'T', T_amb + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid) / 1e5)
fwp_ihe.set_attr(h=ref(cond_fwp, 1, 1e3))
# steam generator
gs_es.set_attr(m=geo_mass_flow * geo_steam_share,
T=T_brine_in,
x=1,
p0=5)
gb_eb.set_attr(m=geo_mass_flow * (1 - geo_steam_share),
T=T_brine_in,
x=0)
em_dr.set_attr()
eb_em.set_attr(x=0.5)
es_em.set_attr(x=0.5, design=['x'])
eb_gm.set_attr(T=T_brine_in - 20)
eco_dr.set_attr(Td_bp=-2)
# main condenser
air_cold.set_attr(p=p_amb, T=T_amb)
air_hot.set_attr(T=15)
# component parameters
# turbines
tur.set_attr(design=['eta_s'], offdesign=['cone', 'eta_s_char'])
ls_valve.set_attr(pr=1, design=['pr'])
# condensing
ihe.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1, offdesign=['kA_char'])
air_cond.set_attr(pr1=1,
pr2=1,
ttd_u=10,
design=['ttd_u'],
offdesign=['kA_char'])
feed_water_pump.set_attr(design=['eta_s'], offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
# steam generator
evap_steam.set_attr(
pr1=0.99,
offdesign=['kA_char']) # no pr2 due to drum pressure balance
evap_brine.set_attr(
pr1=1, ttd_l=10,
offdesign=['kA_char']) # no pr2 due to drum pressure balance
eco.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1)
geo_steam_pump.set_attr(eta_s=0.75,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
self.nw.set_attr(iterinfo=False)
self.nw.solve('design')
self.nw.print_results()
tur.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
feed_water_pump.set_attr(eta_s=0.75)
tur_ihe.set_attr(h=None)
fwp_ihe.set_attr(h=None)
eb_gm.set_attr(T=None)
cond.set_attr(pr1=0.99, pr2=0.98, design=['pr2'], offdesign=['zeta2', 'kA_char'])
pu.set_attr(eta_s=0.75, design=['eta_s'], offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
# %% connection parameters
# gas turbine
c_in.set_attr(
T=20, p=1, m=250, fluid={
'Ar': 0.0129, 'N2': 0.7553, 'H2O': 0, 'CH4': 0, 'CO2': 0.0004,
'O2': 0.2314
}, design=['m']
)
gt_in.set_attr(T=1200)
gt_out.set_attr(p0=1)
fuel.set_attr(
T=ref(c_in, 1, 0), h0=800, fluid={
'CO2': 0.04, 'Ar': 0, 'N2': 0, 'O2': 0, 'H2O': 0, 'CH4': 0.96
}
)
# waste heat recovery
eco_dh.set_attr(T=290, design=['T'], p0=1)
dh_ch.set_attr(T=100, design=['T'], p=1)
# steam turbine
evap_drum.set_attr(m=ref(drum_suph, 4, 0))
suph_ls.set_attr(
p=100, T=550, fluid={
'CO2': 0, 'Ar': 0, 'N2': 0, 'O2': 0, 'H2O': 1, 'CH4': 0
}, design=['p', 'T']
)