def test_optimize(tf):
# plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(optimal)
plot_comp = NoPlot()
tf = tf(plot_comp=plot_comp)
cost = tf.optimize()[0]
plot_comp.show()
assert cost < 1e6
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(tf.turbine_positions, optimal[:, :2],
3)
def testPolygonTwoRegionsStartInWrong():
optimal = [(1, 1), (4, 1)]
boundary = [(0, 0), (5, 0), (5, 2), (3, 2), (3, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2),
(0, 0)]
plot_comp = NoPlot() # DummyCostPlotComp(optimal, delay=.1)
initial = [(3.5, 1.5), (0.5, 1.5)]
tf = get_tf(initial, optimal, boundary, plot_comp)
tf.optimize()
plot_comp.show()
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(tf.turbine_positions[:, :2], optimal,
4)
def testPolygonConcave():
optimal = [(1.5, 1.3), (4, 1)]
boundary = [(0, 0), (5, 0), (5, 2), (3, 2), (3, 1), (2, 1), (2, 2), (0, 2),
(0, 0)]
plot_comp = NoPlot() # DummyCostPlotComp(optimal)
initial = [(-0, .1), (4, 1.5)][::-1]
tf = get_tf(initial, optimal, boundary, plot_comp)
tf.optimize()
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(tf.turbine_positions[:, :2], optimal,
4)
plot_comp.show()
def testAEP_topfarm_optimization_2tb_scale(get_fuga, scale):
D = 80.0
B = 2 * D + 10
init_pos = np.array([(-10, 1 * D), (10, -D)])
wind_atlas = 'MyFarm/north_pm30_only.lib'
pyFuga = get_fuga(init_pos[:1, 0], init_pos[:1, 1], wind_atlas=wind_atlas)
AEP_pr_tb = pyFuga.get_aep()[1]
pyFuga = get_fuga(init_pos[:, 0], init_pos[:, 1], wind_atlas=wind_atlas)
boundary = [(-B, B), (B, B), (B, -B), (-B, -B), (-B, B)]
plot_comp = NoPlot()
# plot_comp = PlotComp()
cost_comp = AEPCostModelComponent(
'xy',
init_pos.shape[0],
lambda x, y: scale * pyFuga.get_aep(np.array([x, y]).T)[0], # only aep
lambda x, y: scale * pyFuga.get_aep_gradients(np.array([x, y]).T)[:2]
) # only dAEPdx and dAEPdy
tf = TopFarmProblem(
dict(zip('xy', init_pos.T)),
cost_comp,
constraints=[SpacingConstraint(2 * D),
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary)],
plot_comp=plot_comp,
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(tol=1e-8, disp=False),
expected_cost=AEP_pr_tb * 2 * scale)
cost, _, rec = tf.optimize()
tf.plot_comp.show()
uta.assertAlmostEqual(-cost / scale, AEP_pr_tb * 2, delta=.02)
def test_TopFarmListRecorder_continue(tf_generator, load_case, n_rec, n_fev):
D = 80.0
D2 = 2 * D + 10
init_pos = np.array([(0, 2 * D), (0, 0), (0, -2 * D)])
init_pos[:, 0] += [-40, 0, 40]
pyFuga = test_pyfuga.get_fuga()(init_pos[:, 0],
init_pos[:, 1],
wind_atlas='MyFarm/north_pm45_only.lib')
boundary = [(-D2, -D2), (D2, D2)]
plot_comp = XYPlotComp()
plot_comp = NoPlot()
tf = TopFarmProblem(
dict(zip('xy', init_pos.T)),
cost_comp=pyFuga.get_TopFarm_cost_component(),
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(2 * D),
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary, 'square')
],
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(tol=1e-10, disp=False),
plot_comp=plot_comp,
record_id=tfp +
'recordings/test_TopFarmListRecorder_continue:%s' % load_case,
expected_cost=25)
_, _, recorder = tf.optimize()
# Create test file:
# 1) delete file "test_files/recordings/test_TopFarmListRecorder_continue"
# 2) Uncomment line below, run and recomment
# if load_case=="": recorder.save() # create test file
npt.assert_equal(recorder.driver_cases.num_cases, n_rec)
npt.assert_equal(tf.driver.result['nfev'], n_fev)
tf.plot_comp.show()
def test_turbine_Type_multistart_XYZ_optimization():
plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(optimal, delay=.5)
plot_comp = NoPlot()
xyz = [(0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1)]
p1 = DummyCost(optimal_state=optimal,
inputs=['x', 'y', 'z', 'type'])
p2 = TurbineXYZOptimizationProblem(
cost_comp=p1,
turbineXYZ=xyz,
min_spacing=2,
boundary_comp=get_boundary_comp(),
plot_comp=plot_comp,
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(disp=True, optimizer='COBYLA', maxiter=10))
p3 = InitialXYZOptimizationProblem(
cost_comp=p2,
turbineXYZ=xyz, min_spacing=2,
boundary_comp=get_boundary_comp(),
driver=DOEDriver(ListGenerator([[('x', [0, 4]), ('y', [2, 2]), ('z', [4, 1])]])))
tf = TurbineTypeOptimizationProblem(
cost_comp=p3,
turbineTypes=[0, 0], lower=0, upper=1,
driver=DOEDriver(FullFactorialGenerator(1)))
case_gen = tf.driver.options['generator']
cost, state, recorder = tf.optimize()
print(cost)
# print (state)
print(recorder.get('type'))
print(recorder.get('cost'))
best_index = np.argmin(recorder.get('cost'))
initial_xyz_recorder = recorder['recorder'][best_index]
xyz_recorder = initial_xyz_recorder.get('recorder')[0]
npt.assert_almost_equal(xyz_recorder['cost'][-1], cost)
def _topfarm_obj(driver,
xy_scale=[1, 1],
cost_scale=1,
cost_offset=0,
spacing=2):
from topfarm.cost_models.dummy import DummyCostPlotComp
# plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(desired[:,:2] * xy_scale, plot_improvements_only=True)
plot_comp = NoPlot()
class DummyCostScaled(DummyCost):
def cost(self, **kwargs):
opt = self.optimal_state
return np.sum([(kwargs[n] - opt[:, i])**2
for i, n in enumerate(self.input_keys)
]) * cost_scale + cost_offset
def grad(self, **kwargs):
opt = self.optimal_state
return [(2 * cost_scale * (kwargs[n] - opt[:, i]))
for i, n in enumerate(self.input_keys)]
return TopFarmProblem(dict(zip('xy', (initial[:, :2] * xy_scale).T)),
DummyCostScaled(desired[:, :2] * xy_scale),
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(spacing * xy_scale[0]),
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary * xy_scale)
],
driver=driver,
plot_comp=plot_comp,
expected_cost=1.5 * cost_scale)
def get_tf(**kwargs):
k = {'cost_comp': DummyCost(desired[:, :2], [topfarm.x_key, topfarm.y_key]),
'design_vars': {topfarm.x_key: initial[:, 0], topfarm.y_key: initial[:, 1]},
'driver': EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(disp=False),
'plot_comp': NoPlot(),
'constraints': [SpacingConstraint(2), XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary)]}
k.update(kwargs)
return TopFarmProblem(**k)
def testPolygonTwoRegionsStartInWrong():
optimal = [(1, 1), (4, 1)]
boundary = [(0, 0), (5, 0), (5, 2), (3, 2), (3, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2),
(0, 0)]
plot_comp = NoPlot()
# plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(optimal, delay=.1)
initial = [(3.5, 1.5), (0.5, 1.5)]
tf = TopFarm(initial,
DummyCost(optimal, inputs=['x', 'y']),
0,
boundary=boundary,
boundary_type='polygon',
plot_comp=plot_comp,
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(tol=1e-6, disp=False))
tf.optimize()
plot_comp.show()
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(tf.turbine_positions[:, :2], optimal,
4)
def get_tf(cost_comp, plot_comp=NoPlot()):
return TopFarmProblem(dict(zip('xy', initial.T)),
cost_comp=cost_comp,
plot_comp=plot_comp,
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(min_spacing),
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary)
],
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(disp=False))
def testPolygonConcave():
optimal = [(1.5, 1.3), (4, 1)]
boundary = [(0, 0), (5, 0), (5, 2), (3, 2), (3, 1), (2, 1), (2, 2), (0, 2),
(0, 0)]
plot_comp = NoPlot() # DummyCostPlotComp(optimal)
initial = [(-0, .1), (4, 1.5)][::-1]
tf = TopFarm(initial,
DummyCost(optimal, inputs=['x', 'y']),
0,
boundary=boundary,
boundary_type='polygon',
plot_comp=plot_comp,
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(tol=1e-8, disp=False))
tf.evaluate()
tf.optimize()
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(tf.turbine_positions[:, :2], optimal,
4)
plot_comp.show()
def main():
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.gcf()
plot_comp = XYPlotComp()
plot = True
except RuntimeError:
plot_comp = NoPlot()
plot = False
n_wt = 16
site = IEA37Site(n_wt)
windTurbines = IEA37_WindTurbines()
wake_model = IEA37SimpleBastankhahGaussian(site, windTurbines)
Drotor_vector = [windTurbines.diameter()] * n_wt
power_rated_vector = [float(windTurbines.power(20) / 1000)] * n_wt
hub_height_vector = [windTurbines.hub_height()] * n_wt
AEPCalc = AEPCalculator(wake_model)
def aep_func(x, y, **kwargs):
return AEPCalc.calculate_AEP(x_i=x, y_i=y).sum(-1).sum(-1) * 10**6
def irr_func(aep, **kwargs):
my_irr = economic_evaluation(Drotor_vector, power_rated_vector,
hub_height_vector,
aep).calculate_irr()
print(my_irr)
return my_irr
aep_comp = CostModelComponent(input_keys=['x', 'y'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=aep_func,
output_key="aep",
output_unit="GWh",
objective=False,
output_val=np.zeros(n_wt))
irr_comp = CostModelComponent(input_keys=['aep'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=irr_func,
output_key="irr",
output_unit="%",
objective=True,
income_model=True)
group = TopFarmGroup([aep_comp, irr_comp])
problem = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars=dict(zip('xy', site.initial_position.T)),
cost_comp=group,
driver=EasyRandomSearchDriver(
randomize_func=RandomizeTurbinePosition_Circle(), max_iter=50),
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(200),
CircleBoundaryConstraint([0, 0], 1300.1)
],
plot_comp=plot_comp)
cost, state, recorder = problem.optimize()
def get_tf(initial, optimal, boundary, plot_comp=NoPlot()):
initial, optimal = map(np.array, [initial, optimal])
return TopFarmProblem(
{
'x': initial[:, 0],
'y': initial[:, 1]
},
DummyCost(optimal),
constraints=[XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary, 'polygon')],
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(tol=1e-8, disp=False),
plot_comp=plot_comp)
def test_TopFarmProblem_with_cirleboundary_gradients():
optimal = np.array([(0, 0)])
desvar = dict(zip('xy', optimal.T + 1.5))
plot_comp = NoPlot()
b = CircleBoundaryConstraint([1, 2], 3)
tf = TopFarmProblem(desvar,
DummyCost(optimal, 'xy'),
constraints=[b],
plot_comp=plot_comp,
driver=SimpleGADriver())
tf.check_gradients(True)
def main():
if __name__ == '__main__':
# ------------------------ INPUTS ------------------------
# define the conditions for the wind farm
positions = np.array([[0, 0], [6, 6]]) # initial turbine pos
optimal_types = np.array([[2], [6]]) # optimal layout
# ===============================================================================
# Setup the problem and plotting
# ===============================================================================
try:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.gcf()
plot_comp = TurbineTypePlotComponent(
turbine_type_names=["Turbine %d" % i for i in range(5)],
plot_initial=False,
delay=0.1,
legendloc=0)
plot = True
except RuntimeError:
plot_comp = NoPlot()
plot = False
# create the wind farm
tf = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars={'type': ([0, 0], 0, 4)},
cost_comp=DummyCost(optimal_types, ['type']),
plot_comp=plot_comp,
driver=FullFactorialGenerator(5),
ext_vars={
'x': positions[:, 0],
'y': positions[:, 1]
},
)
# ===============================================================================
# # Run the optimization
# ===============================================================================
state = {}
cost, state, recorder = tf.optimize(state)
# ===============================================================================
# plot and prin the the final, optimal types
# ===============================================================================
print(state['type'])
tf.evaluate(state)
# save the figure
if plot:
folder, file = os.path.split(__file__)
plt.savefig(folder + "/figures/" + file.replace('.py', '.png'))
plt.show()
def _topfarm_obj(driver, spacing=2, keys='xy'):
# from topfarm.cost_models.dummy import DummyCostPlotComp
# plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(desired[:,:len(keys)], plot_improvements_only=True)
plot_comp = NoPlot()
return TopFarmProblem(dict(zip(keys, initial.T[:len(keys)])),
DummyCost(desired[:, :len(keys)], keys),
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(spacing),
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary)
],
plot_comp=plot_comp,
driver=driver,
expected_cost=1.5)
def main():
if __name__ == '__main__':
# define the conditions for the wind farm
boundary = [(0, 0), (6, 0), (6, -10), (0, -10)] # turbine boundaries
initial = np.array([[6, 0], [6, -8], [1, 1], [-1, -8]]) # initial turbine pos
desired = np.array([[3, -3], [7, -7], [4, -3], [3, -7]]) # desired turbine pos
optimal = np.array([[2.5, -3], [6, -7], [4.5, -3], [3, -7]]) # optimal layout
min_spacing = 2 # min distance between turbines
# ------------------------ OPTIMIZATION ------------------------
# create the wind farm and run the optimization
def wt_cost(i, x, y):
time.sleep(0.01)
return (desired[i, 0] - x[i])**2 + (desired[i, 1] - y[i])**2
n_wt = len(initial)
comps = [CostModelComponent('xy', 4,
cost_function=lambda x, y, i=i:wt_cost(i, x, y),
objective=False,
output_key='cost%d' % i) for i in range(n_wt)]
def sum_map(**kwargs):
return np.sum([kwargs['cost%d' % i] for i in range(n_wt)])
comps.append(CostModelComponent(['cost%d' % i for i in range(n_wt)], 1,
cost_function=sum_map,
objective=True))
cost_comp = TopFarmParallelGroup(comps)
tf = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars={'x': initial[:, 0], 'y': initial[:, 1]},
cost_comp=cost_comp,
constraints=[XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary),
SpacingConstraint(min_spacing)],
# plot_comp=DummyCostPlotComp(desired),
plot_comp=NoPlot(),
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver()
)
# view_model(tf)
#print(tf.evaluate({'x': desired[:, 0], 'y': desired[:, 1]}))
print(tf.evaluate({'x': optimal[:, 0], 'y': optimal[:, 1]}, disp=False))
#print(tf.evaluate({'x': initial[:, 0], 'y': initial[:, 1]}))
# tic = time.time()
cost, state, recorder = tf.optimize()
# toc = time.time()
# print('optimized in {:.3f}s '.format(toc-tic))
tf.plot_comp.show()
def test_setup_as_constraint_xy():
from topfarm.cost_models.dummy import DummyCostPlotComp
# plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(desired)
plot_comp = NoPlot()
tf = TurbineXYZOptimizationProblem(DummyCost(desired[:, :2], ['x', 'y']), initial[:, :2],
boundary_comp=BoundaryComp(len(initial), boundary, None),
plot_comp=plot_comp)
tf.optimize()
tb_pos = tf.turbine_positions[:, :2]
tf.plot_comp.show()
tol = 1e-4
assert tb_pos[1][0] < 6 + tol # check within border
def test_setup_as_constraint_xy():
# plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(desired)
plot_comp = NoPlot()
tf = TopFarmProblem({
'x': initial[:, 0],
'y': initial[:, 1]
},
DummyCost(desired[:, :2]),
constraints=[XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary)],
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(disp=False),
plot_comp=plot_comp)
tf.optimize()
tb_pos = tf.turbine_positions[:, :2]
tf.plot_comp.show()
tol = 1e-4
assert tb_pos[1][0] < 6 + tol # check within border
def test_turbineType_and_XYZ_optimization():
plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(optimal)
plot_comp = NoPlot()
cost_comp = DummyCost(
optimal_state=optimal,
inputs=['x', 'y', 'z', 'type'])
xyz_opt_problem = TurbineXYZOptimizationProblem(
cost_comp,
turbineXYZ=[(0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1)],
min_spacing=2,
boundary_comp=get_boundary_comp(),
plot_comp=plot_comp,
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(disp=False))
tf = TurbineTypeOptimizationProblem(
cost_comp=xyz_opt_problem,
turbineTypes=[0, 0], lower=0, upper=1,
driver=DOEDriver(FullFactorialGenerator(2)))
cost = tf.optimize()[0]
npt.assert_almost_equal(cost, 0)
def test_spacing():
from topfarm.cost_models.dummy import DummyCostPlotComp
# plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(desired)
plot_comp = NoPlot()
tf = TurbineXYZOptimizationProblem(DummyCost(desired, ['x', 'y']),
initial,
boundary_comp=BoundaryComp(
len(initial), boundary, None),
min_spacing=2,
plot_comp=plot_comp)
tf.evaluate()
tf.optimize()
tb_pos = tf.turbine_positions[:, :2]
tf.plot_comp.show()
tol = 1e-4
assert sum((tb_pos[2] - tb_pos[0])**2) > 2**2 - tol # check min spacing
def testAEP_topfarm_optimization_4tb(get_fuga):
D = 80.0
B = 3 * D + 10
init_pos = np.array([(0, 3 * D), (0, D), (0, -D), (0, -3 * D)])
init_pos[:, 0] += [-80, 0, 0, 80]
wind_atlas = 'MyFarm/north_pm45_only.lib'
pyFuga = get_fuga(init_pos[:1, 0], init_pos[:1, 1], wind_atlas=wind_atlas)
AEP_pr_tb = pyFuga.get_aep()[1]
pyFuga = get_fuga(init_pos[:, 0], init_pos[:, 1], wind_atlas=wind_atlas)
boundary = [(-B, B), (B, B), (B, -B), (-B, -B), (-B, B)]
plot_comp = NoPlot()
# plot_comp= PlotComp()
tf = get_tf(init_pos, pyFuga, boundary)
cost, _, rec = tf.optimize()
uta.assertAlmostEqual(-cost, AEP_pr_tb * 4, delta=.2)
tf.plot_comp.show()
def __init__(self,
design_vars,
cost_comp=None,
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(),
constraints=[],
plot_comp=NoPlot(),
record_id=None,
expected_cost=1,
ext_vars={},
post_constraints=[],
approx_totals=False):
"""Initialize TopFarmProblem
Parameters
----------
design_vars : dict or list of key-initial_value-tuples
Design variables for the problem.\n
Ex: {'x': [1,2,3], 'y':([3,2,1],0,1), 'z':([4,5,6],[4,5,4], [6,7,6])}\n
Ex: [('x', [1,2,3]), ('y',([3,2,1],0,1)), ('z',([4,5,6],[4,5,4], [6,7,6]))]\n
Ex: [('x', ([1,2,3],0,3,'m')), ('y',([3,2,1],'m')), ('z',([4,5,6],[4,5,4], [6,7,6]))]\n
Ex: zip('xy', pos.T)\n
The keys (x, y, z) are the names of the design variable.\n
The values are either\n
- the initial value or\n
- on of the following tuples:
(initial value, unit)
(initial value, lower bound, upper bound)
(initial value, lower bound, upper bound, unit)
cost_comp : ExplicitComponent or TopFarmProblem or TopFarmGroup
Component that provides the cost function. It has to be the style
of an OpenMDAO v2 ExplicitComponent.
Pure python cost functions can be wrapped using ``CostModelComponent``
class in ``topfarm.cost_models.cost_model_wrappers``.\n
ExplicitComponent are wrapped into a TopFarmGroup.\n
For nested problems, the cost comp_comp is typically a TopFarmProblem
driver : openmdao Driver, optinal
Driver used to solve the optimization driver. For an example, see the
``EasyScipyOptimizeDriver`` class in ``topfarm.easy_drivers``.
constraints : list of Constraint-objects
E.g. XYBoundaryConstraint, SpacingConstraint
plot_comp : ExplicitComponent, optional
OpenMDAO ExplicitComponent used to plot the state (during
optimization).
For no plotting, pass in the ``topfarm.plotting.NoPlot`` class.
record_id : string "<record_id>:<case>", optional
Identifier for the optimization. Allows a user to restart an
optimization where it left off.\n
record_id can be name (saves as recordings/<name>.pkl), abs or relative path
Case can be:\n
- "", "latest", "-1": Continue from latest\n
- "best": Continue from best case (minimum cost)\n
- "0": Start from scratch (initial position)\n
- "4": Start from case number 4\n
expected_cost : int, float or None, optional
Used to scale the cost, default is 1. This has influence on some drivers, e.g.
SLSQP where it affects the step size\n
If None, the value is found by evaluating the cost function
ext_vars : dict or list of key-initial_value tuple
Used for nested problems to propagate variables from parent problem\n
Ex. {'type': [1,2,3]}\n
Ex. [('type', [1,2,3])]\n
post_constraints : list of Constraint-objects that needs the cost component to be
evaluated, unlike (pre-)constraints which are evaluated before the cost component.
E.g. LoadConstraint
approx_totals : bool or dict
If True, approximates the total derivative of the cost_comp group,
skipping the partial ones. If it is a dictionary, it's elements
are passed to the approx_totals function of an OpenMDAO Group.
Examples
--------
See main() in the bottom of this file
"""
if mpi.MPI:
comm = None
else:
from openmdao.utils.mpi import FakeComm
comm = FakeComm()
Problem.__init__(self, comm=comm)
if cost_comp:
if isinstance(cost_comp, TopFarmProblem):
cost_comp = cost_comp.as_component()
elif isinstance(cost_comp,
ExplicitComponent) and (len(post_constraints) > 0):
cost_comp = TopFarmGroup([cost_comp])
cost_comp.parent = self
self.cost_comp = cost_comp
if isinstance(driver, list):
driver = DOEDriver(ListGenerator(driver))
elif isinstance(driver, DOEGenerator):
driver = DOEDriver(generator=driver)
self.driver = driver
self.driver.recording_options['record_desvars'] = True
self.driver.recording_options['includes'] = ['*']
self.driver.recording_options['record_inputs'] = True
self.plot_comp = plot_comp
self.record_id = record_id
self.load_recorder()
if not isinstance(approx_totals, dict) and approx_totals:
approx_totals = {'method': 'fd'}
if not isinstance(design_vars, dict):
design_vars = dict(design_vars)
self.design_vars = design_vars
self.indeps = self.model.add_subsystem('indeps',
IndepVarComp(),
promotes=['*'])
for k, v in design_vars.items():
if isinstance(v, tuple):
if (not isinstance(v[-1], str)) or (not v[-1]):
design_vars[k] += (None, )
else:
design_vars[k] = (design_vars[k], None)
v = design_vars[k]
self.indeps.add_output(k, v[0], units=v[-1])
for k in [topfarm.x_key, topfarm.y_key, topfarm.type_key]:
if k in design_vars:
self.n_wt = len(design_vars[k][0])
break
else:
self.n_wt = 0
constraints_as_penalty = (
(not self.driver.supports['inequality_constraints']
or isinstance(self.driver, SimpleGADriver)
or isinstance(self.driver, EasySimpleGADriver))
and len(constraints) + len(post_constraints) > 0)
if len(constraints) > 0:
self.model.add_subsystem('pre_constraints',
ParallelGroup(),
promotes=['*'])
for constr in constraints:
if constraints_as_penalty:
constr.setup_as_penalty(self)
else:
constr.setup_as_constraint(self)
# Use the assembled Jacobian.
self.model.pre_constraints.options[
'assembled_jac_type'] = 'csc'
self.model.pre_constraints.linear_solver.assemble_jac = True
penalty_comp = PenaltyComponent(constraints,
constraints_as_penalty)
self.model.add_subsystem('penalty_comp',
penalty_comp,
promotes=['*'])
self.model.constraint_components = [
constr.constraintComponent for constr in constraints
]
for k, v in design_vars.items():
if isinstance(driver, EasyDriverBase):
kwargs = driver.get_desvar_kwargs(self.model, k, v)
else:
kwargs = EasyDriverBase.get_desvar_kwargs(
None, self.model, k, v)
self.model.add_design_var(k, **kwargs)
for k, v in ext_vars.items():
self.indeps.add_output(k, v)
self.ext_vars = ext_vars
if cost_comp:
self.model.add_subsystem('cost_comp', cost_comp, promotes=['*'])
if expected_cost is None:
expected_cost = self.evaluate()[0]
self._setup_status = 0
if isinstance(
driver,
EasyDriverBase) and driver.supports_expected_cost is False:
expected_cost = 1
if isinstance(cost_comp, Group) and approx_totals:
cost_comp.approx_totals(**approx_totals)
# Use the assembled Jacobian.
if 'assembled_jac_type' in self.model.cost_comp.options:
self.model.cost_comp.options['assembled_jac_type'] = 'dense'
self.model.cost_comp.linear_solver.assemble_jac = True
else:
self.indeps.add_output('cost')
if len(post_constraints) > 0:
if constraints_as_penalty:
penalty_comp = PostPenaltyComponent(post_constraints,
constraints_as_penalty)
self.model.add_subsystem('post_penalty_comp',
penalty_comp,
promotes=['*'])
else:
for constr in post_constraints:
self.model.add_constraint(constr[0],
upper=np.full(
self.n_wt, constr[1]))
# Use the assembled Jacobian.
# self.model.cost_comp.post_constraints.options['assembled_jac_type'] = 'csc'
# self.model.cost_comp.post_constraints.linear_solver.assemble_jac = True
aggr_comp = AggregatedCost(constraints_as_penalty, constraints,
post_constraints)
self.model.add_subsystem('aggr_comp', aggr_comp, promotes=['*'])
self.model.add_objective('aggr_cost', scaler=1 / abs(expected_cost))
if plot_comp and not isinstance(plot_comp, NoPlot):
self.model.add_subsystem('plot_comp', plot_comp, promotes=['*'])
plot_comp.problem = self
plot_comp.n_wt = self.n_wt
self.setup()
def main(obj=False, max_con_on=True):
if __name__ == '__main__':
start = time.time()
try:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.gcf()
plot = True
except RuntimeError:
plot = False
# ------ DEFINE WIND TURBINE TYPES, LOCATIONS & STORE METADATA -------
windTurbines = WindTurbines(
names=['Ghost_T1', 'T2'],
diameters=[40, 84],
hub_heights=[70, hornsrev1.HornsrevV80().hub_height()],
ct_funcs=[dummy_thrust(ct_rated=0),
hornsrev1.HornsrevV80().ct],
power_funcs=[
cube_power(power_rated=0),
cube_power(power_rated=3000)
],
# hornsrev1.HornsrevV80()._power],
power_unit='kW')
Drotor_vector = windTurbines._diameters
power_rated_vec = np.array(
[pcurv(25) / 1000 for pcurv in windTurbines._power_funcs])
hub_height_vector = windTurbines._hub_heights
x, y = np.meshgrid(range(-840, 840, 420), range(-840, 840, 420))
n_wt = len(x.flatten())
# initial turbine positions and other independent variables
ext_vars = {'x': x.flatten(), 'y': y.flatten(), 'obj': obj * 1}
capconst = []
if max_con_on:
capconst = [
CapacityConstraint(max_capacity=30.01,
rated_power_array=power_rated_vec)
]
# ---------------- DEFINE SITE & SELECT WAKE MODEL -------------------
# site = UniformWeibullSite(p_wd=[50, 50], a=[9, 9], k=[2.3, 2.3], ti=.1, alpha=0, h_ref=100)
site = UniformWeibullSite(p_wd=[100], a=[9], k=[2.3], ti=.1)
site.default_ws = [9] # reduce the number of calculations
site.default_wd = [0] # reduce the number of calculations
wake_model = NOJ(site, windTurbines)
AEPCalc = AEPCalculator(wake_model)
# ------------- OUTPUTS AEP PER TURBINE & FARM IRR -------------------
def aep_func(x, y, type, obj, **kwargs
): # TODO fix type as input change to topfarm turbinetype
out = AEPCalc.calculate_AEP(x_i=x, y_i=y,
type_i=type.astype(int)).sum((1, 2))
if obj: # if objective is AEP; output the total Farm_AEP
out = np.sum(out)
return out * 10**6
def irr_func(aep, type, **kwargs):
idx = type.astype(int)
return economic_evaluation(Drotor_vector[idx],
power_rated_vec[idx],
hub_height_vector[idx],
aep).calculate_irr()
# ----- WRAP AEP AND IRR INTO TOPFARM COMPONENTS AND THEN GROUP -----
aep_comp = CostModelComponent(input_keys=[
topfarm.x_key, topfarm.y_key, topfarm.type_key, ('obj', obj)
],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=aep_func,
output_key="aep",
output_unit="GWh",
objective=obj,
output_val=np.zeros(n_wt),
income_model=True)
comps = [aep_comp] # AEP component is always in the group
if not obj: # if objective is IRR initiate/add irr_comp
irr_comp = CostModelComponent(input_keys=[topfarm.type_key, 'aep'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=irr_func,
output_key="irr",
output_unit="%",
objective=True)
comps.append(irr_comp)
group = TopFarmGroup(comps)
# - INITIATE THE PROBLEM WITH ONLY TURBINE TYPE AS DESIGN VARIABLES -
tf = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars={
topfarm.type_key: ([0] * n_wt, 0, len(windTurbines._names) - 1)
},
cost_comp=group,
driver=EasyRandomSearchDriver(randomize_func=RandomizeAllUniform(
[topfarm.type_key]),
max_iter=1),
# driver=EasySimpleGADriver(max_gen=2, random_state=1),
constraints=capconst,
# plot_comp=TurbineTypePlotComponent(windTurbines._names),
plot_comp=NoPlot(),
ext_vars=ext_vars)
cost, state, rec = tf.optimize()
# view_model(problem, outfile='ex5_n2.html', show_browser=False)
end = time.time()
print(end - start)
# %%
# ------------------- OPTIONAL VISUALIZATION OF WAKES ----------------
post_visual, save = False, False
if post_visual:
# import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
for cou, (i, j, k, co, ae) in enumerate(
zip(rec['x'], rec['y'], rec['type'], rec['cost'],
rec['aep'])):
AEPCalc.calculate_AEP(x_i=i, y_i=j, type_i=k)
AEPCalc.plot_wake_map(wt_x=i,
wt_y=j,
wt_type=k,
wd=site.default_wd[0],
ws=site.default_ws[0],
levels=np.arange(2.5, 12, .1))
windTurbines.plot(i, j, types=k)
title = f'IRR: {-np.round(co,2)} %, AEP : {round(np.sum(ae))} GWh, '
if "totalcapacity" in rec.keys():
title += f'Total Capacity: {rec["totalcapacity"][cou]} MW'
plt.title(title)
if save:
plt.savefig(
r'..\..\..\ima2\obj_AEP_{}_MaxConstraint_{}_{}.png'.
format(obj, max_con_on, cou))
plt.show()
def __init__(self,
design_vars,
cost_comp,
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(),
constraints=[],
plot_comp=NoPlot(),
record_id=None,
expected_cost=1,
ext_vars={}):
"""Initialize TopFarmProblem
Parameters
----------
design_vars : dict or list of key-initial_value-tuples
Design variables for the problem.\n
Ex: {'x': [1,2,3], 'y':([3,2,1],0,1), 'z':([4,5,6],[4,5,4], [6,7,6])}\n
Ex: [('x', [1,2,3]), ('y',([3,2,1],0,1)), ('z',([4,5,6],[4,5,4], [6,7,6]))]\n
Ex: zip('xy', pos.T)\n
The keys (x, y, z) are the names of the design variable.\n
The values are either\n
- the initial value or\n
- a tuple of (initial value, lower bound, upper bound)
cost_comp : ExplicitComponent or TopFarmProblem
A cost component in the style of an OpenMDAO v2 ExplicitComponent.
Pure python cost functions can be wrapped using ``CostModelComponent``
class in ``topfarm.cost_models.cost_model_wrappers``.\n
For nested problems, the cost comp_comp is typically a TopFarmProblem
driver : openmdao Driver, optinal
Driver used to solve the optimization driver. For an example, see the
``EasyScipyOptimizeDriver`` class in ``topfarm.easy_drivers``.
constraints : list of Constraint-objects
E.g. XYBoundaryConstraint, SpacingConstraint
plot_comp : ExplicitComponent, optional
OpenMDAO ExplicitComponent used to plot the state (during
optimization).
For no plotting, pass in the ``topfarm.plotting.NoPlot`` class.
record_id : string "<record_id>:<case>", optional
Identifier for the optimization. Allows a user to restart an
optimization where it left off.\n
record_id can be name (saves as recordings/<name>.pkl), abs or relative path
Case can be:\n
- "", "latest", "-1": Continue from latest\n
- "best": Continue from best case (minimum cost)\n
- "0": Start from scratch (initial position)\n
- "4": Start from case number 4\n
expected_cost : int or float
Used to scale the cost. This has influence on some drivers, e.g.
SLSQP where it affects the step size
ext_vars : dict or list of key-initial_value tuple
Used for nested problems to propagate variables from parent problem\n
Ex. {'type': [1,2,3]}\n
Ex. [('type', [1,2,3])]\n
Examples
--------
See main() in the bottom of this file
"""
if mpi.MPI:
comm = None
else:
from openmdao.utils.mpi import FakeComm
comm = FakeComm()
Problem.__init__(self, comm=comm)
if isinstance(cost_comp, TopFarmProblem):
cost_comp = cost_comp.as_component()
cost_comp.parent = self
self.cost_comp = cost_comp
if isinstance(driver, list):
driver = DOEDriver(ListGenerator(driver))
elif isinstance(driver, DOEGenerator):
driver = DOEDriver(generator=driver)
self.driver = driver
self.plot_comp = plot_comp
self.record_id = record_id
self.load_recorder()
if not isinstance(design_vars, dict):
design_vars = dict(design_vars)
self.design_vars = design_vars
self.indeps = self.model.add_subsystem('indeps',
IndepVarComp(),
promotes=['*'])
for k in [topfarm.x_key, topfarm.y_key, topfarm.type_key]:
if k in design_vars:
if isinstance(design_vars[k], tuple):
self.n_wt = len(design_vars[k][0])
else:
self.n_wt = len(design_vars[k])
break
else:
self.n_wt = 0
for constr in constraints:
if self.driver.supports['inequality_constraints']:
if isinstance(self.driver, SimpleGADriver):
constr.setup_as_penalty(self)
else:
constr.setup_as_constraint(self)
else:
constr.setup_as_penalty(self)
self.model.constraint_components = [
constr.constraintComponent for constr in constraints
]
do = self.driver.options
for k, v in design_vars.items():
if isinstance(v, tuple):
assert len(
v
) == 3, "Design_vars values must be either value or (value, lower, upper)"
self.indeps.add_output(k, v[0])
if ('optimizer' in do and do['optimizer'] == 'COBYLA'):
ref0 = np.min(v[1])
ref1 = np.max(v[2])
l, u = [lu * (ref1 - ref0) + ref0 for lu in [v[1], v[2]]]
kwargs = {
'ref0': ref0,
'ref': ref1,
'lower': l,
'upper': u
}
else:
kwargs = {'lower': v[1], 'upper': v[2]}
else:
self.indeps.add_output(k, v)
kwargs = {}
if 'optimizer' in do and do['optimizer'] == 'SLSQP':
# Upper and lower disturbs SLSQP when running with constraints. Add limits as constraints
self.model.add_constraint(k, kwargs.get('lower', None),
kwargs.get('upper', None))
kwargs = {
'lower': np.nan,
'upper': np.nan
} # Default +/- sys.float_info.max does not work for SLSQP
self.model.add_design_var(k, **kwargs)
for k, v in ext_vars.items():
self.indeps.add_output(k, v)
self.ext_vars = ext_vars
self.model.add_subsystem('cost_comp', cost_comp, promotes=['*'])
self.model.add_objective('cost', scaler=1 / abs(expected_cost))
if plot_comp:
self.model.add_subsystem('plot_comp', plot_comp, promotes=['*'])
plot_comp.problem = self
plot_comp.n_wt = self.n_wt
self.setup()
'y': step
},
output_keys=[('AEP', 0), ('loads', np.zeros((s, i)))])
problem = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars={
'x': x_init,
'y': y_init
},
constraints=[
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary),
SpacingConstraint(min_spacing)
],
# post_constraints=[(ls, val * load_fact) for ls, val in loads_nom.items()],
cost_comp=cost_comp,
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(optimizer='SLSQP', maxiter=maxiter,
tol=tol),
plot_comp=NoPlot(),
expected_cost=ec)
tic = time.time()
if 1:
cost, state, recorder = problem.optimize()
toc = time.time()
print('Optimization took: {:.0f}s'.format(toc - tic))
if 0:
with open(f'./check_partials_{int(toc)}_{ec}_{step}.txt', 'w') as fid:
partials = problem.check_partials(out_stream=fid,
compact_print=True,
show_only_incorrect=True,
step=step)
def main():
if __name__ == '__main__':
# ------------------------ INPUTS ------------------------
# define the conditions for the wind farm
boundary = [(0, 0), (6, 0), (6, -10), (0, -10)] # turbine boundaries
initial = np.array([[6, 0], [6, -8], [1, 1],
[-1, -8]]) # initial turbine pos
desired = np.array([[3, -3], [7, -7], [4, -3],
[3, -7]]) # desired turbine pos
optimal = np.array([[2.5, -3], [6, -7], [4.5, -3],
[3, -7]]) # optimal layout
min_spacing = 2 # min distance between turbines
try:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.gcf()
plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(desired)
plot = True
except RuntimeError:
plot_comp = NoPlot()
plot = False
# ------------------------ OPTIMIZATION ------------------------
# create the wind farm and run the optimization
tf = TopFarmProblem(design_vars={
'x': initial[:, 0],
'y': initial[:, 1]
},
cost_comp=DummyCost(desired, ['x', 'y']),
constraints=[
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary),
SpacingConstraint(min_spacing)
],
plot_comp=plot_comp,
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver())
cost, state, recorder = tf.optimize()
tf.plot_comp.show()
# final position
final_x, final_y = state['x'], state['y']
# get the positions tried during optimization from the recorder
rec_x, rec_y = recorder['x'], recorder['y']
# get the final, optimal positions
optimized = tf.turbine_positions
# ------------------------ PLOT (if possible) ------------------------
if plot:
# initialize the figure and axes
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(7, 5))
plt.clf()
ax = plt.axes()
# plot the boundary and desired locations
ax.add_patch(
Polygon(boundary, closed=True, fill=False,
label='Boundary')) # boundary
plt.plot(desired[:, 0],
desired[:, 1],
'ok',
mfc='None',
ms=10,
label='Desired') # desired positions
# plot the history of each turbine
for i_turb in range(rec_x.shape[1]):
l, = plt.plot(rec_x[0, i_turb],
rec_y[0, i_turb],
'x',
ms=8,
label=f'Turbine {i_turb+1}') # initial
plt.plot(rec_x[:, i_turb], rec_y[:, i_turb],
c=l.get_color()) # tested values
plt.plot(rec_x[-1, i_turb],
rec_y[-1, i_turb],
'o',
ms=8,
c=l.get_color()) # final
# make a few adjustments to the plot
ax.autoscale_view() # autoscale the boundary
plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0., 1.02, 1., .102),
loc=3,
ncol=4,
mode='expand',
borderaxespad=0.) # add a legend
plt.tight_layout() # zoom the plot in
plt.axis('off') # remove the axis
# save the png
folder, file = os.path.split(__file__)
fig.savefig(folder + "/figures/" + file.replace('.py', '.png'))
def main():
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.gcf()
plot_comp = XYPlotComp()
plot = True
except RuntimeError:
plot_comp = NoPlot()
plot = False
# ------------------------ INPUTS ------------------------
# paths to input files
test_files_dir = os.path.dirname(
test_files.__file__) + "/" # file locations
wf_path = test_files_dir + 'wind_farms/3tb.yml' # path to wind farm
# ------------------------ DEFINE WIND RESOURCE ------------------------
# wind resource info (wdir frequency, weibull a and k)
f = [
3.597152, 3.948682, 5.167395, 7.000154, 8.364547, 6.43485,
8.643194, 11.77051, 15.15757, 14.73792, 10.01205, 5.165975
]
a = [
9.176929, 9.782334, 9.531809, 9.909545, 10.04269, 9.593921,
9.584007, 10.51499, 11.39895, 11.68746, 11.63732, 10.08803
]
k = [
2.392578, 2.447266, 2.412109, 2.591797, 2.755859, 2.595703,
2.583984, 2.548828, 2.470703, 2.607422, 2.626953, 2.326172
]
wind_res = WindResource(f, a, k, np.zeros_like(k))
# ------------------------ setup problem ____---------------------------
rot_diam = 80.0 # rotor diameter [m]
init_pos = np.array([(0, 2 * rot_diam), (0, 0),
(0, -2 * rot_diam)]) # initial turbine positions
b = 2 * rot_diam + 10 # boundary size
boundary = [(-b, -b), (-b, b), (b, b),
(b, -b)] # corners of wind farm boundary
min_spacing = 2.0 * rot_diam # minimum spacing between turbines [m]
# ------------------------ OPTIMIZATION ------------------------
def get_tf(wake_model):
return TopFarmProblem(design_vars=dict(zip('xy', init_pos.T)),
cost_comp=AEPCalculator(
wind_res,
wake_model,
wdir=np.arange(
0, 360,
12)).get_TopFarm_cost_component(),
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(min_spacing),
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary)
],
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(),
plot_comp=plot_comp)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings(
'ignore') # temporarily disable fusedwake warnings
# GCL: define the wake model and optimization problem
wake_mod_gcl = FusedWakeGCLWakeModel(wf_path)
tf_gcl = get_tf(wake_mod_gcl)
# NOJ: define the wake model and optimization problem
wake_mod_noj = FusedWakeNOJWakeModel(wf_path)
tf_noj = get_tf(wake_mod_noj)
# run the optimization
cost_gcl, state_gcl, recorder_gcl = tf_gcl.optimize()
cost_noj, state_noj, recorder_noj = tf_noj.optimize()
# ------------------------ POST-PROCESS ------------------------
# get the optimized locations
opt_gcl = tf_gcl.turbine_positions
opt_noj = tf_noj.turbine_positions
# create the array of costs for easier printing
costs = np.diag([cost_gcl, cost_noj])
costs[0, 1] = tf_noj.evaluate(state_gcl)[0] # noj cost of gcl locs
costs[1, 0] = tf_gcl.evaluate(state_noj)[0] # gcl cost of noj locs
# ------------------------ PRINT STATS ------------------------
aep_diffs = 200 * (costs[:, 0] - costs[:, 1]) / (costs[:, 0] +
costs[:, 1])
loc_diffs = 200 * (costs[0, :] - costs[1, :]) / (costs[0, :] +
costs[1, :])
print('\nComparison of cost models vs. optimized locations:')
print('\nCost | GCL_aep NOJ_aep')
print('---------------------------------')
print(f'GCL_loc |{costs[0,0]:11.2f} {costs[0,1]:11.2f}' +
f' ({aep_diffs[0]:.2f}%)')
print(f'NOJ_loc |{costs[1,0]:11.2f} {costs[1,1]:11.2f}' +
f' ({aep_diffs[1]:.2f}%)')
print(f' ({loc_diffs[0]:.2f}%) ({loc_diffs[1]:.2f}%)')
# ------------------------ PLOT (if possible) ------------------------
if plot:
# initialize the figure and axes
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(7, 5))
plt.clf()
ax = plt.axes()
# plot the boundary and desired locations
ax.add_patch(Polygon(boundary, fill=False,
label='Boundary')) # boundary
ax.plot(init_pos[:, 0], init_pos[:, 1], 'xk', label='Initial')
ax.plot(opt_gcl[:, 0], opt_gcl[:, 1], 'o', label='GCL')
ax.plot(opt_noj[:, 0], opt_noj[:, 1], '^', label='NOJ')
# make a few adjustments to the plot
ax.autoscale_view() # autoscale the boundary
plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0., 1.02, 1., .102),
loc=3,
ncol=4,
mode='expand',
borderaxespad=0.) # add a legend
plt.tight_layout() # zoom the plot in
plt.axis('off') # remove the axis
# save the png
folder, file = os.path.split(__file__)
fig.savefig(folder + "/figures/" + file.replace('.py', '.png'))
def main():
if __name__ == '__main__':
if not 'plantenergy' in topfarm.plugins:
pass
else:
try:
from plantenergy.GeneralWindFarmGroups import AEPGroup
from plantenergy.floris import floris_wrapper, add_floris_params_IndepVarComps
try:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.gcf()
plot_comp = XYPlotComp()
plot = True
except RuntimeError:
plot_comp = NoPlot()
plot = False
# plot_comp = NoPlot()
def setup_prob(differentiable):
#####################################
## Setup Floris run with gradients ##
#####################################
topfarm.x_key = 'turbineX'
topfarm.y_key = 'turbineY'
turbineX = np.array(
[1164.7, 947.2, 1682.4, 1464.9, 1982.6, 2200.1])
turbineY = np.array(
[1024.7, 1335.3, 1387.2, 1697.8, 2060.3, 1749.7])
f = np.array([
3.597152, 3.948682, 5.167395, 7.000154, 8.364547,
6.43485, 8.643194, 11.77051, 15.15757, 14.73792,
10.01205, 5.165975
])
wind_speed = 8
site = Amalia1Site(f, mean_wsp=wind_speed)
site.initial_position = np.array([turbineX, turbineY]).T
wt = NREL5MWREF()
wake_model = NOJ(site, wt)
aep_calculator = AEPCalculator(wake_model)
n_wt = len(turbineX)
differentiable = differentiable
wake_model_options = {
'nSamples': 0,
'nRotorPoints': 1,
'use_ct_curve': True,
'ct_curve': ct_curve,
'interp_type': 1,
'differentiable': differentiable,
'use_rotor_components': False
}
aep_comp = AEPGroup(
n_wt,
differentiable=differentiable,
use_rotor_components=False,
wake_model=floris_wrapper,
params_IdepVar_func=add_floris_params_IndepVarComps,
wake_model_options=wake_model_options,
datasize=len(power_curve),
nDirections=len(f),
cp_points=len(power_curve)) # , cp_curve_spline=None)
def cost_func(AEP, **kwargs):
return AEP
cost_comp = CostModelComponent(input_keys=[('AEP', [0])],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=cost_func,
output_key="aep",
output_unit="kWh",
objective=True,
income_model=True,
input_units=['kW*h'])
group = TopFarmGroup([aep_comp, cost_comp])
boundary = np.array([(900, 1000), (2300, 1000),
(2300, 2100),
(900, 2100)]) # turbine boundaries
prob = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars={
'turbineX': (turbineX, 'm'),
'turbineY': (turbineY, 'm')
},
cost_comp=group,
driver=EasyRandomSearchDriver(
randomize_func=RandomizeTurbinePosition_Square(),
max_iter=500),
# driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(optimizer='SLSQP',tol=10**-12),
# driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(optimizer='COBYLA'),
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(200, units='m'),
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary, units='m')
],
plot_comp=plot_comp,
expected_cost=-100e2,
)
turbineZ = np.array([90.0, 100.0, 90.0, 80.0, 70.0, 90.0])
air_density = 1.1716 # kg/m^3
rotorDiameter = np.zeros(n_wt)
hubHeight = np.zeros(n_wt)
axialInduction = np.zeros(n_wt)
generatorEfficiency = np.zeros(n_wt)
yaw = np.zeros(n_wt)
for turbI in range(0, n_wt):
rotorDiameter[turbI] = wt.diameter() # m
hubHeight[turbI] = wt.hub_height() # m
axialInduction[turbI] = 1.0 / 3.0
generatorEfficiency[turbI] = 1.0 # 0.944
yaw[turbI] = 0. # deg.
prob['turbineX'] = turbineX
prob['turbineY'] = turbineY
prob['hubHeight'] = turbineZ
prob['yaw0'] = yaw
prob['rotorDiameter'] = rotorDiameter
prob['hubHeight'] = hubHeight
prob['axialInduction'] = axialInduction
prob['generatorEfficiency'] = generatorEfficiency
prob['windSpeeds'] = np.ones(len(f)) * wind_speed
prob['air_density'] = air_density
prob['windDirections'] = np.arange(0, 360, 360 / len(f))
prob['windFrequencies'] = f / 100
# turns off cosine spread (just needs to be very large)
prob['model_params:cos_spread'] = 1E12
prob['model_params:shearExp'] = 0.25
prob['model_params:z_ref'] = 80.
prob['model_params:z0'] = 0.
prob['rated_power'] = np.ones(n_wt) * 5000.
prob['cut_in_speed'] = np.ones(n_wt) * 3
prob['cp_curve_wind_speed'] = cp_curve[:, 0]
prob['cp_curve_cp'] = cp_curve[:, 1]
prob['rated_wind_speed'] = np.ones(n_wt) * 11.4
prob['cut_out_speed'] = np.ones(n_wt) * 25.0
# if 0:
# prob.check_partials(compact_print=True,includes='*direction_group0*')
# else:
return prob
differentiable = True
prob = setup_prob(differentiable)
# view_model(prob)
cost_init, state_init = prob.evaluate()
tic = time.time()
cost, state, recorder = prob.optimize()
toc = time.time()
print(
'FLORIS calculation with differentiable = {0} took {1} sec.'
.format(differentiable, toc - tic))
print(prob[topfarm.x_key])
# ########################################
# ## Setup Floris run without gradients ##
# ########################################
#
# differentiable = False
# prob2 = setup_prob(differentiable)
# cost_init, state_init = prob2.evaluate()
# tic = time.time()
# cost, state, recorder = prob2.optimize()
# toc = time.time()
# print('FLORIS calculation with differentiable = {0} took {1} sec.'.format(differentiable, toc-tic))
#
#
#
# ########################################
# ## Setup Pywake run without gradients ##
# ########################################
#
#
#
# class PyWakeAEP(AEPCalculator):
# """TOPFARM wrapper for PyWake AEP calculator"""
#
# def get_TopFarm_cost_component(self, n_wt, wd=None, ws=None):
# """Create topfarm-style cost component
#
# Parameters
# ----------
# n_wt : int
# Number of wind turbines
# """
# return AEPCostModelComponent(
# input_keys=['turbineX', 'turbineY'],
# n_wt=n_wt,
# cost_function=lambda **kwargs:
# self.calculate_AEP(x_i=kwargs[topfarm.x_key],
# y_i=kwargs[topfarm.y_key],
# h_i=kwargs.get(topfarm.z_key, None),
# type_i=kwargs.get(topfarm.type_key, None),
# wd=wd, ws=ws).sum(),
# output_unit='GWh')
# aep_calc = PyWakeAEP(site, wt, wake_model)
# tf = TopFarmProblem(
# design_vars={'turbineX': turbineX, 'turbineY': turbineY},
# cost_comp=aep_calc.get_TopFarm_cost_component(len(turbineX)),
# driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(optimizer='SLSQP'),
# constraints=[SpacingConstraint(200),
# XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary)],
# plot_comp=plot_comp)
# cost_init_pw, state_init_pw = tf.evaluate()
# cost_pw, state_pw, recorder_pw = tf.optimize()
#
#
# prob['turbineX'] = state_pw['turbineX']
# prob['turbineY'] = state_pw['turbineY']
# cost_pw_fl, state_pw_fl = prob.evaluate()
# print('\n***Optimized by PyWake:***')
# print('AEP FLORISSE initial: ', float(-cost_init/10**6))
# print('AEP FLORISSE optimized: ', float(-cost_pw_fl)/10**6)
# print('AEP PyWake initial: ', float(-cost_init_pw))
# print('AEP PyWake optimized: ', float(-cost_pw))
#
# print('***Optimized by FLORISSE:***')
# print('AEP FLORISSE initial: ', float(-cost_init/10**6))
# print('AEP FLORISSE optimized: ', float(-cost)/10**6)
# print('AEP Pywake initial: ', aep_calculator.calculate_AEP(turbineX, turbineY).sum())
# print('AEP Pywake optimized: ', aep_calculator.calculate_AEP(state['turbineX'], state['turbineY']).sum())
finally:
topfarm.x_key = 'x'
topfarm.y_key = 'y'
def main():
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.gcf()
plot_comp = XYPlotComp()
plot = True
except RuntimeError:
plot_comp = NoPlot()
plot = False
n_wt = 16
site = IEA37Site(n_wt)
windTurbines = IEA37_WindTurbines()
windFarmModel = IEA37SimpleBastankhahGaussian(site, windTurbines)
Drotor_vector = [windTurbines.diameter()] * n_wt
power_rated_vector = [float(windTurbines.power(20)) * 1e-6] * n_wt
hub_height_vector = [windTurbines.hub_height()] * n_wt
distance_from_shore = 10 # [km]
energy_price = 0.1 # [Euro/kWh] What we get per kWh
project_duration = 20 # [years]
rated_rpm_array = [12] * n_wt # [rpm]
water_depth_array = [15] * n_wt # [m]
eco_eval = economic_evaluation(distance_from_shore, energy_price, project_duration)
def irr_func(aep, **kwargs):
eco_eval.calculate_irr(
rated_rpm_array,
Drotor_vector,
power_rated_vector,
hub_height_vector,
water_depth_array,
aep)
print(eco_eval.IRR)
return eco_eval.IRR
aep_comp = CostModelComponent(
input_keys=['x', 'y'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=lambda x, y, **_: windFarmModel(x=x, y=y).aep().sum(['wd', 'ws']) * 10**6,
output_key="aep",
output_unit="kWh",
objective=False,
output_val=np.zeros(n_wt))
irr_comp = CostModelComponent(
input_keys=['aep'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=irr_func,
output_key="irr",
output_unit="%",
objective=True,
income_model=True)
group = TopFarmGroup([aep_comp, irr_comp])
problem = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars=dict(zip('xy', site.initial_position.T)),
cost_comp=group,
driver=EasyRandomSearchDriver(randomize_func=RandomizeTurbinePosition_Circle(), max_iter=5),
constraints=[SpacingConstraint(200),
CircleBoundaryConstraint([0, 0], 1300.1)],
plot_comp=plot_comp)
cost, state, recorder = problem.optimize()