def transfer_displacements(mesh, disp, comp):
"""
Perform displacement transfer.
Apply the computed displacements on the original mesh to obtain
the deformed mesh.
Parameters
----------
mesh[nx, ny, 3] : numpy array
Flattened array defining the lifting surfaces.
disp[ny, 6] : numpy array
Flattened array containing displacements on the FEM component.
Contains displacements for all six degrees of freedom, including
displacements in the x, y, and z directions, and rotations about the
x, y, and z axes.
comp : Either OpenAeroStruct component object (better), or surface dict.
Returns
-------
def_mesh[nx, ny, 3] : numpy array
Flattened array defining the lifting surfaces after deformation.
"""
if not isinstance(comp, Component):
surface = comp
comp = TransferDisplacements(surface)
params = {'mesh': mesh, 'disp': disp}
unknowns = {'def_mesh': np.zeros((comp.nx, comp.ny, 3), dtype=data_type)}
resids = None
comp.solve_nonlinear(params, unknowns, resids)
def_mesh = unknowns.get('def_mesh')
return def_mesh
def __init__(self, num_x, num_y, num_w, E, G, mrho, fem_origin, SBEIG, t):
super(SingleStep, self).__init__()
name_def_mesh = 'def_mesh_%d' % t
name_vlmstates = 'vlmstates_%d' % t
name_loads = 'loads_%d' % t
name_spatialbeamstates = 'spatialbeamstates_%d' % t
self.add_subsystem(name_def_mesh,
TransferDisplacements(nx=num_x,
n=num_y,
t=t,
fem_origin=fem_origin),
promotes=['*'])
self.add_subsystem(name_vlmstates,
UVLMStates(num_x, num_y, num_w, t),
promotes=['*'])
self.add_subsystem(name_loads,
TransferLoads(nx=num_x,
n=num_y,
t=t,
fem_origin=fem_origin),
promotes=['*'])
self.add_subsystem(name_spatialbeamstates,
SpatialBeamStates(num_x, num_y, E, G, mrho, SBEIG,
t),
promotes=['*'])
def transfer_displacements(mesh, disp, comp):
"""
Perform displacement transfer.
Apply the computed displacements on the original mesh to obtain
the deformed mesh.
Parameters
----------
mesh[nx, ny, 3] : numpy array
Flattened array defining the lifting surfaces.
disp[ny, 6] : numpy array
Flattened array containing displacements on the FEM component.
Contains displacements for all six degrees of freedom, including
displacements in the x, y, and z directions, and rotations about the
x, y, and z axes.
comp : Either OpenAeroStruct component object (better), or surface dict.
Returns
-------
def_mesh[nx, ny, 3] : numpy array
Flattened array defining the lifting surfaces after deformation.
"""
if not isinstance(comp, Component):
surface = comp
comp = TransferDisplacements(surface)
params = {
'mesh': mesh,
'disp': disp
}
unknowns = {
'def_mesh': np.zeros((comp.nx, comp.ny, 3), dtype=data_type)
}
resids = None
comp.solve_nonlinear(params, unknowns, resids)
def_mesh = unknowns.get('def_mesh')
return def_mesh
def __init__(self, num_x, num_y, num_w, E, G, mrho, fem_origin, t):
super(SingleAeroStep, self).__init__()
name_def_mesh = 'def_mesh_%d' % t
name_vlmstates = 'vlmstates_%d' % t
name_loads = 'loads_%d' % t
name_spatialbeamstates = 'spatialbeamstates_%d' % t
self.add(name_def_mesh,
TransferDisplacements(num_x, num_y, t, fem_origin),
promotes=['*'])
self.add(name_vlmstates,
UVLMStates(num_x, num_y, num_w, t),
promotes=['*'])
self.add(name_loads,
TransferLoads(num_x, num_y, t, fem_origin),
promotes=['*'])
def setup_aerostruct(self):
"""
Specific method to add the necessary components to the problem for an
aerostructural problem.
"""
# Set the problem name if the user doesn't
if 'prob_name' not in self.prob_dict.keys():
self.prob_dict['prob_name'] = 'aerostruct'
# Create the base root-level group
root = Group()
coupled = Group()
# Create the problem and assign the root group
self.prob = Problem()
self.prob.root = root
# Loop over each surface in the surfaces list
for surface in self.surfaces:
# Get the surface name and create a group to contain components
# only for this surface
name = surface['name']
tmp_group = Group()
# Add independent variables that do not belong to a specific component
indep_vars = [
('twist_cp', numpy.zeros(surface['num_twist'])),
('thickness_cp', numpy.ones(surface['num_thickness']) *
numpy.max(surface['t'])), ('r', surface['r']),
('dihedral', surface['dihedral']), ('sweep', surface['sweep']),
('span', surface['span']), ('taper', surface['taper'])
]
# Obtain the Jacobians to interpolate the data from the b-spline
# control points
jac_twist = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_twist'], surface['num_y'])
jac_thickness = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_thickness'],
surface['num_y'] - 1)
# Add components to include in the surface's group
tmp_group.add('indep_vars',
IndepVarComp(indep_vars),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('thickness_bsp',
Bspline('thickness_cp', 'thickness', jac_thickness),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('tube', MaterialsTube(surface), promotes=['*'])
# Add tmp_group to the problem with the name of the surface.
name_orig = name
name = name[:-1]
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=[])')
# Add components to the 'coupled' group for each surface.
# The 'coupled' group must contain all components and parameters
# needed to converge the aerostructural system.
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('aero_geom', VLMGeometry(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('struct_states',
SpatialBeamStates(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.struct_states.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
name = name_orig
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('coupled.add("' + name[:-1] + '", ' + name + ', promotes=[])')
# Add a loads component to the coupled group
exec('coupled.add("' + name_orig + 'loads' + '", ' +
'TransferLoads(surface)' + ', promotes=[])')
# Add a performance group which evaluates the data after solving
# the coupled system
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('struct_funcs',
SpatialBeamFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('aero_funcs',
VLMFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
name = name_orig + 'perf'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name +
', promotes=["rho", "v", "alpha", "Re", "M"])')
# Add a single 'aero_states' component for the whole system within the
# coupled group.
coupled.add('aero_states',
VLMStates(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['v', 'alpha', 'rho'])
# Explicitly connect parameters from each surface's group and the common
# 'aero_states' group.
for surface in self.surfaces:
name = surface['name']
# Perform the connections with the modified names within the
# 'aero_states' group.
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.def_mesh',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'def_mesh')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.b_pts',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'b_pts')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.c_pts',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'c_pts')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.normals',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'normals')
# Connect the results from 'aero_states' to the performance groups
root.connect('coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'sec_forces',
name + 'perf' + '.sec_forces')
# Connect the results from 'coupled' to the performance groups
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.def_mesh',
'coupled.' + name + 'loads.def_mesh')
root.connect('coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'sec_forces',
'coupled.' + name + 'loads.sec_forces')
root.connect('coupled.' + name + 'loads.loads',
name + 'perf.loads')
# Connect the output of the loads component with the FEM
# displacement parameter. This links the coupling within the coupled
# group that necessitates the subgroup solver.
root.connect('coupled.' + name + 'loads.loads',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.loads')
# Connect aerodyamic design variables
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.dihedral',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.dihedral')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.span', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.span')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.sweep',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.sweep')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.taper',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.taper')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.twist',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.twist')
# Connect structural design variables
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.A', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.A')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.Iy', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.Iy')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.Iz', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.Iz')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.J', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.J')
# Connect performance calculation variables
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.r', name + 'perf.r')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.A', name + 'perf.A')
# Connection performance functional variables
root.connect(name + 'perf.weight', 'fuelburn.' + name + 'weight')
root.connect(name + 'perf.weight', 'eq_con.' + name + 'weight')
root.connect(name + 'perf.L', 'eq_con.' + name + 'L')
root.connect(name + 'perf.CL', 'fuelburn.' + name + 'CL')
root.connect(name + 'perf.CD', 'fuelburn.' + name + 'CD')
# Connect paramters from the 'coupled' group to the performance
# group.
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.nodes',
name + 'perf.nodes')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.disp', name + 'perf.disp')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.S_ref',
name + 'perf.S_ref')
# Set solver properties for the coupled group
coupled.ln_solver = ScipyGMRES()
coupled.ln_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
coupled.ln_solver.preconditioner = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.aero_states.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver = NLGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
# Ensure that the groups are ordered correctly within the coupled group
# so that a system with multiple surfaces is solved corretly.
order_list = []
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'][:-1])
order_list.append('aero_states')
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'] + 'loads')
coupled.set_order(order_list)
# Add the coupled group to the root problem
root.add('coupled', coupled, promotes=['v', 'alpha', 'rho'])
# Add problem information as an independent variables component
prob_vars = [('v', self.prob_dict['v']),
('alpha', self.prob_dict['alpha']),
('M', self.prob_dict['M']), ('Re', self.prob_dict['Re']),
('rho', self.prob_dict['rho'])]
root.add('prob_vars', IndepVarComp(prob_vars), promotes=['*'])
# Add functionals to evaluate performance of the system.
# Note that only the interesting results are promoted here; not all
# of the parameters.
root.add('fuelburn',
FunctionalBreguetRange(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['fuelburn'])
root.add('eq_con',
FunctionalEquilibrium(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['eq_con', 'fuelburn'])
# Actually set up the system
self.setup_prob()
def setup_aero(self):
"""
Specific method to add the necessary components to the problem for an
aerodynamic problem.
"""
# Set the problem name if the user doesn't
if 'prob_name' not in self.prob_dict.keys():
self.prob_dict['prob_name'] = 'aero'
# Create the base root-level group
root = Group()
# Create the problem and assign the root group
self.prob = Problem()
self.prob.root = root
# Loop over each surface in the surfaces list
for surface in self.surfaces:
# Get the surface name and create a group to contain components
# only for this surface
name = surface['name']
tmp_group = Group()
# Add independent variables that do not belong to a specific component
indep_vars = [('twist_cp', numpy.zeros(surface['num_twist'])),
('dihedral', surface['dihedral']),
('sweep', surface['sweep']),
('span', surface['span']),
('taper', surface['taper']),
('disp', numpy.zeros((surface['num_y'], 6)))]
# Obtain the Jacobian to interpolate the data from the b-spline
# control points
jac_twist = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_twist'], surface['num_y'])
# Add aero components to the surface-specific group
tmp_group.add('indep_vars',
IndepVarComp(indep_vars),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('vlmgeom', VLMGeometry(surface), promotes=['*'])
# Add tmp_group to the problem as the name of the surface.
# Note that is a group and performance group for each
# individual surface.
name_orig = name.strip('_')
name = name_orig
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=[])')
# Add a performance group for each surface
name = name_orig + '_perf'
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + 'VLMFunctionals(surface)' +
', promotes=["v", "alpha", "M", "Re", "rho"])')
# Add problem information as an independent variables component
prob_vars = [('v', self.prob_dict['v']),
('alpha', self.prob_dict['alpha']),
('M', self.prob_dict['M']), ('Re', self.prob_dict['Re']),
('rho', self.prob_dict['rho'])]
root.add('prob_vars', IndepVarComp(prob_vars), promotes=['*'])
# Add a single 'aero_states' component that solves for the circulations
# and forces from all the surfaces.
# While other components only depends on a single surface,
# this component requires information from all surfaces because
# each surface interacts with the others.
root.add('aero_states',
VLMStates(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['circulations', 'v', 'alpha', 'rho'])
# Explicitly connect parameters from each surface's group and the common
# 'aero_states' group.
# This is necessary because the VLMStates component requires information
# from each surface, but this information is stored within each
# surface's group.
for surface in self.surfaces:
name = surface['name']
# Perform the connections with the modified names within the
# 'aero_states' group.
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.def_mesh',
'aero_states.' + name + 'def_mesh')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.b_pts', 'aero_states.' + name + 'b_pts')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.c_pts', 'aero_states.' + name + 'c_pts')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.normals',
'aero_states.' + name + 'normals')
# Connect the results from 'aero_states' to the performance groups
root.connect('aero_states.' + name + 'sec_forces',
name + 'perf' + '.sec_forces')
# Connect S_ref for performance calcs
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.S_ref', name + 'perf' + '.S_ref')
# Actually set up the problem
self.setup_prob()
indep_vars = [
('span', span),
('twist', numpy.zeros(num_y)),
('v', v),
('alpha', alpha),
('rho', rho),
('r', r),
('t', t),
]
indep_vars_comp = IndepVarComp(indep_vars)
tube_comp = MaterialsTube(num_y)
mesh_comp = GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind, num_twist)
spatialbeamstates_comp = SpatialBeamStates(num_y, E, G)
def_mesh_comp = TransferDisplacements(num_y)
vlmstates_comp = VLMStates(num_y)
loads_comp = TransferLoads(num_y)
vlmfuncs_comp = VLMFunctionals(num_y, CL0, CD0)
spatialbeamfuncs_comp = SpatialBeamFunctionals(num_y, E, G, stress, mrho)
fuelburn_comp = FunctionalBreguetRange(W0, CT, a, R, M)
eq_con_comp = FunctionalEquilibrium(W0)
root.add('indep_vars', indep_vars_comp, promotes=['*'])
root.add('tube', tube_comp, promotes=['*'])
# Add components to the MDA here
coupled = Group()
coupled.add('mesh', mesh_comp, promotes=["*"])
coupled.add('spatialbeamstates', spatialbeamstates_comp, promotes=["*"])
def setup(num_inboard=2, num_outboard=3, check=False, out_stream=sys.stdout):
''' Setup the aerostruct mesh using OpenMDAO'''
# Define the aircraft properties
from CRM import span, v, alpha, rho
# Define spatialbeam properties
from aluminum import E, G, stress, mrho
# Create the mesh with 2 inboard points and 3 outboard points.
# This will be mirrored to produce a mesh with 7 spanwise points,
# or 6 spanwise panels
# print(type(num_inboard))
mesh = gen_crm_mesh(int(num_inboard), int(num_outboard), num_x=2)
num_x, num_y = mesh.shape[:2]
num_twist = np.max([int((num_y - 1) / 5), 5])
r = radii(mesh)
# Set the number of thickness control points and the initial thicknesses
num_thickness = num_twist
t = r / 10
mesh = mesh.reshape(-1, mesh.shape[-1])
aero_ind = np.atleast_2d(np.array([num_x, num_y]))
fem_ind = [num_y]
aero_ind, fem_ind = get_inds(aero_ind, fem_ind)
# Set additional mesh parameters
dihedral = 0. # dihedral angle in degrees
sweep = 0. # shearing sweep angle in degrees
taper = 1. # taper ratio
# Initial displacements of zero
tot_n_fem = np.sum(fem_ind[:, 0])
disp = np.zeros((tot_n_fem, 6))
# Define Jacobians for b-spline controls
tot_n_fem = np.sum(fem_ind[:, 0])
num_surf = fem_ind.shape[0]
jac_twist = get_bspline_mtx(num_twist, num_y)
jac_thickness = get_bspline_mtx(num_thickness, tot_n_fem - num_surf)
# Define ...
twist_cp = np.zeros(num_twist)
thickness_cp = np.ones(num_thickness) * np.max(t)
# Define the design variables
des_vars = [('twist_cp', twist_cp), ('dihedral', dihedral),
('sweep', sweep), ('span', span), ('taper', taper), ('v', v),
('alpha', alpha), ('rho', rho), ('disp', disp),
('aero_ind', aero_ind), ('fem_ind', fem_ind)]
root = Group()
root.add(
'des_vars',
IndepVarComp(des_vars),
promotes=['twist_cp', 'span', 'v', 'alpha', 'rho', 'disp', 'dihedral'])
root.add(
'mesh', # This component is needed, otherwise resulting loads matrix is NaN
GeometryMesh(
mesh,
aero_ind), # changes mesh given span, sweep, twist, and des_vars
promotes=['span', 'sweep', 'dihedral', 'twist', 'taper', 'mesh'])
root.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(aero_ind, fem_ind),
promotes=['mesh', 'disp', 'def_mesh'])
prob = Problem()
prob.root = root
prob.setup(check=check, out_stream=out_stream)
prob.run()
# Output the def_mesh for the aero modules
def_mesh = prob['def_mesh']
# Other variables needed for aero and struct modules
params = {
'mesh': mesh,
'num_x': num_x,
'num_y': num_y,
'span': span,
'twist_cp': twist_cp,
'thickness_cp': thickness_cp,
'v': v,
'alpha': alpha,
'rho': rho,
'r': r,
't': t,
'aero_ind': aero_ind,
'fem_ind': fem_ind,
'num_thickness': num_thickness,
'num_twist': num_twist,
'sweep': sweep,
'taper': taper,
'dihedral': dihedral,
'E': E,
'G': G,
'stress': stress,
'mrho': mrho,
'tot_n_fem': tot_n_fem,
'num_surf': num_surf,
'jac_twist': jac_twist,
'jac_thickness': jac_thickness,
'out_stream': out_stream,
'check': check
}
return (def_mesh, params)
# Get total panels and save in prob_dict
tot_panels = 0
for surface in OAS_prob.surfaces:
ny = surface['num_y']
nx = surface['num_x']
tot_panels += (nx - 1) * (ny - 1)
OAS_prob.prob_dict.update({'tot_panels': tot_panels})
# Assume we are only using a single lifting surface for now
surface = OAS_prob.surfaces[0]
# Initialize the OpenAeroStruct components and save them in a component dictionary
comp_dict = {}
comp_dict['MaterialsTube'] = MaterialsTube(surface)
comp_dict['GeometryMesh'] = GeometryMesh(surface)
comp_dict['TransferDisplacements'] = TransferDisplacements(surface)
comp_dict['VLMGeometry'] = VLMGeometry(surface)
comp_dict['AssembleAIC'] = AssembleAIC([surface])
comp_dict['AeroCirculations'] = AeroCirculations(OAS_prob.prob_dict['tot_panels'])
comp_dict['VLMForces'] = VLMForces([surface])
comp_dict['TransferLoads'] = TransferLoads(surface)
comp_dict['ComputeNodes'] = ComputeNodes(surface)
comp_dict['AssembleK'] = AssembleK(surface)
comp_dict['SpatialBeamFEM'] = SpatialBeamFEM(surface['FEMsize'])
comp_dict['SpatialBeamDisp'] = SpatialBeamDisp(surface)
OAS_prob.comp_dict = comp_dict
<<<<<<< HEAD
# return the surfaces list, problem dict, and component dict
surfaces = [surface]
prob_dict = OAS_prob.prob_dict
('twist', numpy.zeros(num_twist)),
('span', span),
('v', v),
('alpha', alpha),
('rho', rho),
('disp', numpy.zeros((num_y, 6)))
]
root.add('des_vars',
IndepVarComp(des_vars),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('mesh',
GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind, num_twist),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(aero_ind),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('vlmstates',
VLMStates(aero_ind),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('vlmfuncs',
VLMFunctionals(aero_ind, CL0, CD0, num_twist),
promotes=['*'])
prob = Problem()
prob.root = root
prob.setup()
alpha_start = -3.
alpha_stop = 14
('t', t),
]
root.add('des_vars',
IndepVarComp(des_vars),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('tube',
MaterialsTube(num_y),
promotes=['*'])
coupled = Group() # add components for MDA to this group
coupled.add('mesh',
GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind, num_twist),
promotes=['*'])
coupled.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(num_y),
promotes=['*'])
coupled.add('vlmstates',
VLMStates(num_y),
promotes=['*'])
coupled.add('loads',
TransferLoads(num_y),
promotes=['*'])
coupled.add('spatialbeamstates',
SpatialBeamStates(num_y, cons, E, G),
promotes=['*'])
coupled.nl_solver = Newton()
coupled.nl_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
coupled.nl_solver.line_search.options['iprint'] = 1
]
############################################################
# These are your components, put them in the correct groups.
# indep_vars_comp, tube_comp, and weiss_func_comp have been
# done for you as examples
############################################################
indep_vars_comp = IndepVarComp(indep_vars)
twist_comp = Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist)
thickness_comp = Bspline('thickness_cp', 'thickness', jac_thickness)
tube_comp = MaterialsTube(fem_ind)
mesh_comp = GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind)
spatialbeamstates_comp = SpatialBeamStates(aero_ind, fem_ind, E, G)
def_mesh_comp = TransferDisplacements(aero_ind, fem_ind)
vlmstates_comp = VLMStates(aero_ind)
loads_comp = TransferLoads(aero_ind, fem_ind)
vlmfuncs_comp = VLMFunctionals(aero_ind, CL0, CD0)
spatialbeamfuncs_comp = SpatialBeamFunctionals(aero_ind, fem_ind, E, G, stress, mrho)
fuelburn_comp = FunctionalBreguetRange(W0, CT, a, R, M, aero_ind)
eq_con_comp = FunctionalEquilibrium(W0, aero_ind)
############################################################
############################################################
root.add('indep_vars',
indep_vars_comp,
promotes=['*'])
root.add('twist_bsp',
def setup_aerostruct(self):
"""
Specific method to add the necessary components to the problem for an
aerostructural problem.
"""
# Set the problem name if the user doesn't
if 'prob_name' not in self.prob_dict.keys():
self.prob_dict['prob_name'] = 'aerostruct'
# Create the base root-level group
root = Group()
coupled = Group()
# Create the problem and assign the root group
self.prob = Problem()
self.prob.root = root
# Loop over each surface in the surfaces list
for surface in self.surfaces:
# Get the surface name and create a group to contain components
# only for this surface
name = surface['name']
tmp_group = Group()
# Add independent variables that do not belong to a specific component
indep_vars = [
(name + 'twist_cp', numpy.zeros(surface['num_twist'])),
(name + 'thickness_cp', numpy.ones(surface['num_thickness']) *
numpy.max(surface['t'])), (name + 'r', surface['r']),
(name + 'dihedral', surface['dihedral']),
(name + 'sweep', surface['sweep']),
(name + 'span', surface['span']),
(name + 'taper', surface['taper'])
]
# Obtain the Jacobians to interpolate the data from the b-spline
# control points
jac_twist = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_twist'], surface['num_y'])
jac_thickness = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_thickness'],
surface['num_y'] - 1)
# Add components to include in the '_pre_solve' group
tmp_group.add('indep_vars',
IndepVarComp(indep_vars),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline(name + 'twist_cp', name + 'twist',
jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('thickness_bsp',
Bspline(name + 'thickness_cp', name + 'thickness',
jac_thickness),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('tube', MaterialsTube(surface), promotes=['*'])
# Add tmp_group to the problem with the name of the surface and
# '_pre_solve' appended.
name_orig = name #.strip('_')
name = name + 'pre_solve'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add components to the 'coupled' group for each surface
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('vlmgeom', VLMGeometry(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('spatialbeamstates',
SpatialBeamStates(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.spatialbeamstates.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
name = name_orig + 'group'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('coupled.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add a loads component to the coupled group
exec('coupled.add("' + name_orig + 'loads' + '", ' +
'TransferLoads(surface)' + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add a '_post_solve' group which evaluates the data after solving
# the coupled system
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('spatialbeamfuncs',
SpatialBeamFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('vlmfuncs', VLMFunctionals(surface), promotes=['*'])
name = name_orig + 'post_solve'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add a single 'VLMStates' component for the whole system
coupled.add('vlmstates',
VLMStates(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['*'])
# Set solver properties for the coupled group
coupled.ln_solver = ScipyGMRES()
coupled.ln_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
coupled.ln_solver.preconditioner = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.vlmstates.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver = NLGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
# Ensure that the groups are ordered correctly within the coupled group
order_list = []
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'] + 'group')
order_list.append('vlmstates')
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'] + 'loads')
coupled.set_order(order_list)
# Add the coupled group to the root problem
root.add('coupled', coupled, promotes=['*'])
# Add problem information as an independent variables component
prob_vars = [('v', self.prob_dict['v']),
('alpha', self.prob_dict['alpha']),
('M', self.prob_dict['M']), ('Re', self.prob_dict['Re']),
('rho', self.prob_dict['rho'])]
root.add('prob_vars', IndepVarComp(prob_vars), promotes=['*'])
# Add functionals to evaluate performance of the system
root.add('fuelburn',
FunctionalBreguetRange(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('eq_con',
FunctionalEquilibrium(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['*'])
self.setup_prob()
def setup_aero(self):
"""
Specific method to add the necessary components to the problem for an
aerodynamic problem.
"""
# Set the problem name if the user doesn't
if 'prob_name' not in self.prob_dict.keys():
self.prob_dict['prob_name'] = 'aero'
# Create the base root-level group
root = Group()
# Create the problem and assign the root group
self.prob = Problem()
self.prob.root = root
# Loop over each surface in the surfaces list
for surface in self.surfaces:
# Get the surface name and create a group to contain components
# only for this surface
name = surface['name']
tmp_group = Group()
# Add independent variables that do not belong to a specific component
indep_vars = [(name + 'twist_cp',
numpy.zeros(surface['num_twist'])),
(name + 'dihedral', surface['dihedral']),
(name + 'sweep', surface['sweep']),
(name + 'span', surface['span']),
(name + 'taper', surface['taper']),
(name + 'disp', numpy.zeros((surface['num_y'], 6)))]
# Obtain the Jacobian to interpolate the data from the b-spline
# control points
jac_twist = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_twist'], surface['num_y'])
# Add aero components to the surface-specific group
tmp_group.add('indep_vars',
IndepVarComp(indep_vars),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline(name + 'twist_cp', name + 'twist',
jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('vlmgeom', VLMGeometry(surface), promotes=['*'])
# Add tmp_group to the problem with the name of the surface and
# '_pre_solve' appended.
# Note that is a '_pre_solve' and '_post_solve' group for each
# individual surface.
name_orig = name.strip('_')
name = name_orig + '_pre_solve'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add a '_post_solve' group
name = name_orig + '_post_solve'
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + 'VLMFunctionals(surface)' +
', promotes=["*"])')
# Add problem information as an independent variables component
prob_vars = [('v', self.prob_dict['v']),
('alpha', self.prob_dict['alpha']),
('M', self.prob_dict['M']), ('Re', self.prob_dict['Re']),
('rho', self.prob_dict['rho'])]
root.add('prob_vars', IndepVarComp(prob_vars), promotes=['*'])
# Add a single 'VLMStates' component that solves for the circulations
# and forces from all the surfaces.
# While other components only depends on a single surface,
# this component requires information from all surfaces because
# each surface interacts with the others.
root.add('vlmstates',
VLMStates(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['*'])
self.setup_prob()
def setup(prob_dict={}, surfaces=[{}]):
''' Setup the aerostruct mesh
Default wing mesh (single lifting surface):
-------------------------------------------
name = 'wing' # name of the surface
num_x = 3 # number of chordwise points
num_y = 5 # number of spanwise points
root_chord = 1. # root chord
span_cos_spacing = 1 # 0 for uniform spanwise panels
# 1 for cosine-spaced panels
# any value between 0 and 1 for a mixed spacing
chord_cos_spacing = 0. # 0 for uniform chordwise panels
# 1 for cosine-spaced panels
# any value between 0 and 1 for a mixed spacing
wing_type = 'rect' # initial shape of the wing either 'CRM' or 'rect'
# 'CRM' can have different options after it, such as 'CRM:alpha_2.75' for the CRM shape at alpha=2.75
offset = np.array([0., 0., 0.]) # coordinates to offset the surface from its default location
symmetry = True # if true, model one half of wing reflected across the plane y = 0
S_ref_type = 'wetted' # 'wetted' or 'projected'
# Simple Geometric Variables
span = 10. # full wingspan
dihedral = 0. # wing dihedral angle in degrees positive is upward
sweep = 0. # wing sweep angle in degrees positive sweeps back
taper = 1. # taper ratio; 1. is uniform chord
# B-spline Geometric Variables. The number of control points for each of these variables can be specified in surf_dict
# by adding the prefix "num" to the variable (e.g. num_twist)
twist_cp = None
chord_cp = None
xshear_cp = None
zshear_cp = None
thickness_cp = None
Default wing parameters:
------------------------
Zero-lift aerodynamic performance
CL0 = 0.0 # CL value at AoA (alpha) = 0
CD0 = 0.0 # CD value at AoA (alpha) = 0
Airfoil properties for viscous drag calculation
k_lam = 0.05 # percentage of chord with laminar flow, used for viscous drag
t_over_c = 0.12 # thickness over chord ratio (NACA0012)
c_max_t = .303 # chordwise location of maximum (NACA0012) thickness
Structural values are based on aluminum
E = 70.e9 # [Pa] Young's modulus of the spar
G = 30.e9 # [Pa] shear modulus of the spar
stress = 20.e6 # [Pa] yield stress
mrho = 3.e3 # [kg/m^3] material density
fem_origin = 0.35 # chordwise location of the spar
Other
W0 = 0.4 * 3e5 # [kg] MTOW of B777 is 3e5 kg with fuel
Default problem parameters:
---------------------------
Re = 1e6 # Reynolds number
reynolds_length = 1.0 # characteristic Reynolds length
alpha = 5. # angle of attack
CT = 9.80665 * 17.e-6 # [1/s] (9.81 N/kg * 17e-6 kg/N/s)
R = 14.3e6 # [m] maximum range
M = 0.84 # Mach number at cruise
rho = 0.38 # [kg/m^3] air density at 35,000 ft
a = 295.4 # [m/s] speed of sound at 35,000 ft
with_viscous = False # if true, compute viscous drag
'''
# Use steps in run_aerostruct.py to add wing surface to problem
# Set problem type
prob_dict.update({
'type': 'aerostruct'
}) # this doesn't really matter since we aren't calling OASProblem.setup()
# Instantiate problem
OAS_prob = OASProblem(prob_dict)
for surface in surfaces:
# Add SpatialBeamFEM size
FEMsize = 6 * surface['num_y'] + 6
surface.update({'FEMsize': FEMsize})
# Add the specified wing surface to the problem.
OAS_prob.add_surface(surface)
# Add materials properties for the wing surface to the surface dict in OAS_prob
for idx, surface in enumerate(OAS_prob.surfaces):
A, Iy, Iz, J = materials_tube(surface['radius'], surface['thickness'],
surface)
OAS_prob.surfaces[idx].update({'A': A, 'Iy': Iy, 'Iz': Iz, 'J': J})
# Get total panels and save in prob_dict
tot_panels = 0
for surface in OAS_prob.surfaces:
ny = surface['num_y']
nx = surface['num_x']
tot_panels += (nx - 1) * (ny - 1)
OAS_prob.prob_dict.update({'tot_panels': tot_panels})
# Assume we are only using a single lifting surface for now
surface = OAS_prob.surfaces[0]
# Initialize the OpenAeroStruct components and save them in a component dictionary
comp_dict = {}
comp_dict['MaterialsTube'] = MaterialsTube(surface)
comp_dict['GeometryMesh'] = GeometryMesh(surface)
comp_dict['TransferDisplacements'] = TransferDisplacements(surface)
comp_dict['VLMGeometry'] = VLMGeometry(surface)
comp_dict['AssembleAIC'] = AssembleAIC([surface])
comp_dict['AeroCirculations'] = AeroCirculations(
OAS_prob.prob_dict['tot_panels'])
comp_dict['VLMForces'] = VLMForces([surface])
comp_dict['TransferLoads'] = TransferLoads(surface)
comp_dict['ComputeNodes'] = ComputeNodes(surface)
comp_dict['AssembleK'] = AssembleK(surface)
comp_dict['SpatialBeamFEM'] = SpatialBeamFEM(surface['FEMsize'])
comp_dict['SpatialBeamDisp'] = SpatialBeamDisp(surface)
OAS_prob.comp_dict = comp_dict
return OAS_prob
('M', prob_dict['M']),
('Re', prob_dict['Re']),
]
###############################################################
# Problem 2a:
# These are your components. Here we simply create the objects.
###############################################################
indep_vars_comp = IndepVarComp(indep_vars)
tube_comp = MaterialsTube(surface)
mesh_comp = GeometryMesh(surface)
geom_comp = VLMGeometry(surface)
spatialbeamstates_comp = SpatialBeamStates(surface)
def_mesh_comp = TransferDisplacements(surface)
vlmstates_comp = VLMStates(OAS_prob.surfaces, OAS_prob.prob_dict)
loads_comp = TransferLoads(surface)
vlmfuncs_comp = VLMFunctionals(surface)
spatialbeamfuncs_comp = SpatialBeamFunctionals(surface)
fuelburn_comp = FunctionalBreguetRange(OAS_prob.surfaces,
OAS_prob.prob_dict)
eq_con_comp = FunctionalEquilibrium(OAS_prob.surfaces, OAS_prob.prob_dict)
#################################################################
# Problem 2a:
# Now add the components you created above to the correct groups.
# indep_vars_comp, tube_comp, and vlm_funcs have been
# done for you as examples.
#################################################################
def struct(loads, params):
# Unpack variables
mesh = params.get('mesh')
num_x = params.get('num_x')
num_y = params.get('num_y')
span = params.get('span')
twist_cp = params.get('twist_cp')
thickness_cp = params.get('thickness_cp')
v = params.get('v')
alpha = params.get('alpha')
rho = params.get('rho')
r = params.get('r')
t = params.get('t')
aero_ind = params.get('aero_ind')
fem_ind = params.get('fem_ind')
num_thickness = params.get('num_thickness')
num_twist = params.get('num_twist')
sweep = params.get('sweep')
taper = params.get('taper')
disp = params.get('disp')
dihedral = params.get('dihedral')
E = params.get('E')
G = params.get('G')
stress = params.get('stress')
mrho = params.get('mrho')
tot_n_fem = params.get('tot_n_fem')
num_surf = params.get('num_surf')
jac_twist = params.get('jac_twist')
jac_thickness = params.get('jac_thickness')
check = params.get('check')
out_stream = params.get('out_stream')
# Define the design variables
des_vars = [
('twist_cp', twist_cp),
('thickness_cp', thickness_cp),
('r', r),
# ('dihedral', dihedral),
# ('sweep', sweep),
# ('span', span),
# ('taper', taper),
# ('v', v),
# ('alpha', alpha),
# ('rho', rho),
# ('disp', disp),
('loads', loads)
]
root = Group()
root.add(
'des_vars',
IndepVarComp(des_vars),
# promotes=['thickness_cp','r','loads'])
promotes=['*'])
# root.add('twist_bsp', # What is this doing?
# Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist),
# promotes=['*'])
root.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
root.add(
'thickness_bsp', # What is this doing?
Bspline('thickness_cp', 'thickness', jac_thickness),
# promotes=['thickness'])
promotes=['*'])
root.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind), promotes=['*'])
root.add(
'tube',
MaterialsTube(fem_ind),
# promotes=['r','thickness','A','Iy','Iz','J'])
promotes=['*'])
root.add(
'spatialbeamstates',
SpatialBeamStates(aero_ind, fem_ind, E, G),
# promotes=[
# 'mesh', # ComputeNodes
# 'A','Iy','Iz','J','loads', # SpatialBeamFEM
# 'disp' # SpatialBeamDisp
# ])
promotes=['*'])
root.add(
'transferdisp',
TransferDisplacements(aero_ind, fem_ind),
# promotes=['mesh','disp','def_mesh'])
promotes=['*'])
prob = Problem()
prob.root = root
prob.setup(check=check, out_stream=out_stream)
prob.run()
return prob['def_mesh'] # Output the def_mesh matrix
for ind_y in xrange(num_y):
mesh[ind_x,
ind_y, :] = [ind_x / (num_x - 1) * chord, full_wing[ind_y],
0] # straight elliptical spacing
aero_ind = numpy.atleast_2d(numpy.array([num_x, num_y]))
mesh = mesh.reshape(-1, mesh.shape[-1])
root = Group()
des_vars = [('twist', numpy.zeros(num_twist)), ('span', span), ('v', v),
('alpha', alpha), ('rho', rho), ('disp', numpy.zeros((num_y, 6)))]
root.add('des_vars', IndepVarComp(des_vars), promotes=['*'])
root.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind, num_twist), promotes=['*'])
root.add('def_mesh', TransferDisplacements(aero_ind), promotes=['*'])
root.add('vlmstates', VLMStates(aero_ind), promotes=['*'])
root.add('vlmfuncs',
VLMFunctionals(aero_ind, CL0, CD0, num_twist),
promotes=['*'])
prob = Problem()
prob.root = root
prob.setup()
alpha_start = -3.
alpha_stop = 14
num_alpha = 18.
a_list = []