def infer_redirection(url):
"""
Function returning the url that the given url will redirect to. This is done
by finding obvious hints in the GET parameters that the given url is in
fact a redirection.
Args:
url (string): Target url.
Returns:
string: Redirected url or the original url if nothing was found.
"""
redirection_split = REDIRECTION_DOMAINS_RE.split(url, 1)
if len(redirection_split) > 1:
return infer_redirection('https://' + redirection_split[1])
obvious_redirect_match = re.search(OBVIOUS_REDIRECTS_RE, url)
if obvious_redirect_match is not None:
target = unquote(obvious_redirect_match.group(1))
if target.startswith('http://') or target.startswith('https://'):
return target
if target.startswith('/'):
return urljoin(url, target)
return url
def extract_url_from_facebook_link(url):
m = URL_EXTRACT_RE.search(url)
if m is None:
return None
return unquote(m.group(1))
def infer_redirection(url, recursive=True):
"""
Function returning the url that the given url will redirect to. This is done
by finding obvious hints in the GET parameters that the given url is in
fact a redirection.
Args:
url (string): Target url.
recursive (bool): Whether to apply the function recursively until
no redirection can be inferred. Defaults to `True`.
Returns:
string: Redirected url or the original url if nothing was found.
"""
redirection_split = REDIRECTION_DOMAINS_RE.split(url, 1)
target = None
if len(redirection_split) > 1:
target = 'https://' + redirection_split[1]
else:
obvious_redirect_match = re.search(OBVIOUS_REDIRECTS_RE, url)
if obvious_redirect_match is not None:
potential_target = unquote(obvious_redirect_match.group(1))
if potential_target.startswith(
'http://') or potential_target.startswith('https://'):
target = potential_target
if potential_target.startswith('/'):
target = urljoin(url, potential_target)
if target is None:
return url
if recursive:
return infer_redirection(target, recursive=True)
return target
def normalize_url(url,
unsplit=True,
sort_query=True,
strip_authentication=True,
strip_trailing_slash=True,
strip_index=True,
strip_protocol=True,
strip_irrelevant_subdomains=True,
strip_lang_subdomains=False,
strip_lang_query_items=False,
strip_fragment='except-routing',
normalize_amp=True,
fix_common_mistakes=True,
infer_redirection=True,
quoted=True):
"""
Function normalizing the given url by stripping it of usually
non-discriminant parts such as irrelevant query items or sub-domains etc.
This is a very useful utility when attempting to match similar urls
written slightly differently when shared on social media etc.
Args:
url (str): Target URL as a string.
sort_query (bool, optional): Whether to sort query items or not.
Defaults to `True`.
strip_authentication (bool, optional): Whether to drop authentication.
Defaults to `True`.
strip_trailing_slash (bool, optional): Whether to drop trailing slash.
Defaults to `False`.
strip_index (bool, optional): Whether to drop trailing index at the end
of the url. Defaults to `True`.
strip_irrelevant_subdomains (bool, optional): Whether to strip irrelevant subdomains such as www etc.
Default to True.
strip_lang_subdomains (bool, optional): Whether to drop language subdomains
(ex: 'fr-FR.lemonde.fr' to only 'lemonde.fr' because 'fr-FR' isn't a relevant subdomain, it indicates the language and the country).
Defaults to `False`.
strip_protocol (bool, optional): Whether to strip the url's protocol.
Defaults to `True`.
strip_fragment (bool|str, optional): Whether to drop non-routing fragment from the url?
If set to `except-routing` will only drop non-routing fragment (i.e. fragments that
do not contain a "/").
Defaults to `except-routing`.
normalize_amp (bool, optional): Whether to attempt to normalize Google
AMP urls. Defaults to True.
fix_common_mistakes (bool, optional): Whether to attempt solving common mistakes.
Defaults to True.
infer_redirection (bool, optional): Whether to attempt resolving common
redirects by leveraging well-known GET parameters. Defaults to `False`.
quoted (bool, optional): Normalizing to quoted or unquoted.
Defaults to True.
Returns:
string: The normalized url.
"""
original_url_arg = url
if infer_redirection:
url = resolve(url)
if isinstance(url, SplitResult):
has_protocol = bool(splitted.scheme)
splitted = url
else:
has_protocol = PROTOCOL_RE.match(url)
# Ensuring scheme so parsing works correctly
if not has_protocol:
url = 'http://' + url
# Parsing
try:
splitted = urlsplit(url)
except ValueError:
return original_url_arg
scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = splitted
# Fixing common mistakes
if fix_common_mistakes:
if query:
query = re.sub(MISTAKES_RE, '&', query)
# Handling punycode
netloc = decode_punycode(netloc)
# Dropping :80 & :443
if netloc.endswith(':80'):
netloc = netloc[:-3]
elif netloc.endswith(':443'):
netloc = netloc[:-4]
# Normalizing the path
if path:
trailing_slash = False
if path.endswith('/') and len(path) > 1:
trailing_slash = True
path = normpath(path)
if trailing_slash and not strip_trailing_slash:
path = path + '/'
# Handling Google AMP suffixes
if normalize_amp:
path = AMP_SUFFIXES_RE.sub('', path)
# Dropping index:
if strip_index:
segments = path.rsplit('/', 1)
if len(segments) != 0:
last_segment = segments[-1]
filename, ext = splitext(last_segment)
if filename == 'index':
segments.pop()
path = '/'.join(segments)
# Dropping irrelevant query items
if query:
domain_filter = None
if splitted.hostname:
domain_filter = next((f for d, f in PER_DOMAIN_QUERY_FILTERS
if splitted.hostname.endswith(d)), None)
qsl = parse_qsl(query, keep_blank_values=True)
qsl = [
stringify_qs(item) for item in qsl if not should_strip_query_item(
item,
normalize_amp=normalize_amp,
strip_lang_query_items=strip_lang_query_items,
domain_filter=domain_filter)
]
if sort_query:
qsl = sorted(qsl)
query = '&'.join(qsl)
# Dropping fragment if it's not routing
if fragment and strip_fragment:
if strip_fragment is True or not should_strip_fragment(fragment):
fragment = ''
# Always dropping trailing slash with empty query & fragment
if path == '/' and not fragment and not query:
path = ''
# Dropping irrelevant subdomains
if strip_irrelevant_subdomains:
netloc = re.sub(
IRRELEVANT_SUBDOMAIN_AMP_RE
if normalize_amp else IRRELEVANT_SUBDOMAIN_RE, '', netloc)
# Dropping language as subdomains
if strip_lang_subdomains:
netloc = strip_lang_subdomains_from_netloc(netloc)
# Dropping scheme
if strip_protocol or not has_protocol:
scheme = ''
# Dropping authentication
if strip_authentication:
netloc = netloc.split('@', 1)[-1]
# Normalizing AMP subdomains
if normalize_amp and netloc.startswith('amp-'):
netloc = netloc[4:]
# Dropping trailing slash
if strip_trailing_slash and path.endswith('/'):
path = path.rstrip('/')
# Quoting or not
if quoted:
path = quote(path)
query = quote(query, RESERVED_CHARACTERS)
fragment = quote(fragment, SAFE_CHARACTERS)
else:
path = unquote(path)
query = unquote(query)
fragment = unquote(fragment)
# Result
result = SplitResult(scheme, netloc.lower(), path, query, fragment)
if not unsplit:
return result
# TODO: check if works with `unsplit=False`
if strip_protocol or not has_protocol:
result = urlunsplit(result)[2:]
else:
result = urlunsplit(result)
return result