def find_max(constraints, expr, l = None):
if l is None:
l = logger
if type(expr) == int:
return expr
constraint_strs = [f'{c}' for c in constraints]
max_optimize = Optimize()
max_optimize.set('timeout', 10000)
max_optimize.assert_exprs(*constraints)
max_optimize.maximize(expr)
status = max_optimize.check()
if status != sat:
l.warning(f'Unable to find max ({status}) for:\n' + '\n'.join(constraint_strs))
return None
max_val = max_optimize.model().eval(expr).as_long()
# Make sure it's actually the max, since z3 has a bug
# https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/issues/4670
solver = Solver()
solver.set('timeout', 10000)
solver.add(constraints + [expr > max_val])
status = solver.check()
if status != unsat:
l.error(f'Z3 bug\nFind max ({expr}) => {max_val} with status ({status}):\n' + '\n'.join(constraint_strs))
return None
return max_val
def main():
bots = []
with open("input.txt") as f:
for line in f:
bots.append(tuple(map(int, re.findall(r"-?\d+", line))))
x, y, z, r = max(bots, key=lambda b: b[3])
in_range = sum(
(abs(x - b[0]) + abs(y - b[1]) + abs(z - b[2]) <= r) for b in bots)
print("Part 1:", in_range)
x, y, z = Int("x"), Int("y"), Int("z")
point = (x, y, z)
count = sum(If(z3_dist(b[:3], point) <= b[3], 1, 0) for b in bots)
opt = Optimize()
opt.maximize(count)
opt.minimize(z3_dist(point, (0, 0, 0)))
opt.check()
model = opt.model()
result = model[x].as_long() + model[y].as_long() + model[z].as_long()
print("Part 2:", result)
def test(qcirc):
#print(qcirc)
print("Translate to Z3")
circ = QuantumCircuit_to_Circuit(qcirc, melbourne_rels, positions)
# Collect Constraints
print("Create Constraint Generator")
cons = circ.constraints()
# New Optimizer
s = Optimize()
# Add constraints
print("Add All constraints")
for con in cons:
s.add(con)
#print(con)
# Add reliability objective
print("Add Objective")
s.maximize(reliability_objective(circ))
# Check and print
print("Checking")
sat = str(s.check())
print(sat)
if sat == "unsat":
raise Exception("unsat")
print("Extracting Model")
m = s.model()
# Confirm that an improvement in reliability was made
print("Reliability Checking")
improved_reliability(m, s, melbourne_rels, qcirc)
# Translate to qiskit QuantumCircuit
print("Translate to Qiskit")
rcirc = model_to_QuantumCircuit(m, circ)
def get_model(constraints, minimize=(), maximize=()):
s = Optimize()
s.set("timeout", 100000)
for constraint in constraints:
if type(constraint) == bool and not constraint:
raise UnsatError
constraints = [
constraint for constraint in constraints if type(constraint) != bool
]
for constraint in constraints:
s.add(constraint)
for e in minimize:
s.minimize(e)
for e in maximize:
s.maximize(e)
result = s.check()
if result == sat:
return s.model()
elif result == unknown:
logging.debug("Timeout encountered while solving expression using z3")
raise UnsatError
def main(args):
data = [extract(s.strip()) for s in sys.stdin]
data = [(x[3], tuple(x[:-1])) for x in data]
m = max(data)
in_range = [x for x in data if dist(x[1], m[1]) <= m[0]]
print(len(in_range))
x = Int('x')
y = Int('y')
z = Int('z')
orig = (x, y, z)
cost = Int('cost')
cost_expr = x * 0
for r, pos in data:
cost_expr += If(z3_dist(orig, pos) <= r, 1, 0)
opt = Optimize()
print("let's go")
opt.add(cost == cost_expr)
opt.maximize(cost)
# I didn't do this step in my initial #2 ranking solution but I
# suppose you should.
# z3 does them lexicographically by default.
opt.minimize(z3_dist((0, 0, 0), (x, y, z)))
opt.check()
model = opt.model()
# print(model)
pos = (model[x].as_long(), model[y].as_long(), model[z].as_long())
print("position:", pos)
print("num in range:", model[cost].as_long())
print("distance:", dist((0, 0, 0), pos))
class Y2021D24(object):
_re_inp = re.compile(r'inp ([wxyz])')
_re_add = re.compile(r'add ([wxyz]) ([wxyz]|-?\d+)')
_re_mul = re.compile(r'mul ([wxyz]) ([wxyz]|-?\d+)')
_re_div = re.compile(r'div ([wxyz]) ([wxyz]|-?\d+)')
_re_mod = re.compile(r'mod ([wxyz]) ([wxyz]|-?\d+)')
_re_eql = re.compile(r'eql ([wxyz]) ([wxyz]|-?\d+)')
def __init__(self, file_name):
self.solver = Optimize()
inputs = [Int(f'model_{i}') for i in range(14)]
self.solver.add([i >= 1 for i in inputs])
self.solver.add([i <= 9 for i in inputs])
# Please don't ask me to explain this. There's a common pattern in the input code that treats z like a number
# of base 26 and the operations are either right shift or left shift on that number +- some value.
self.solver.add(inputs[0] + 6 - 6 == inputs[13])
self.solver.add(inputs[1] + 11 - 6 == inputs[12])
self.solver.add(inputs[2] + 5 - 13 == inputs[11])
self.solver.add(inputs[3] + 6 - 8 == inputs[8])
self.solver.add(inputs[4] + 8 - 1 == inputs[5])
self.solver.add(inputs[6] + 9 - 16 == inputs[7])
self.solver.add(inputs[9] + 13 - 16 == inputs[10])
my_sum = IntVal(0)
for index in range(len(inputs)):
my_sum = (my_sum * 10) + inputs[index]
self.value = Int('value')
self.solver.add(my_sum == self.value)
def part1(self):
self.solver.push()
self.solver.maximize(self.value)
self.solver.check()
result = self.solver.model()[self.value]
self.solver.pop()
print("Part 1:", result)
def part2(self):
self.solver.push()
self.solver.minimize(self.value)
self.solver.check()
result = self.solver.model()[self.value]
self.solver.pop()
print("Part 2:", result)
def optimum_dist(bots):
x = Int('x')
y = Int('y')
z = Int('z')
cost_expr = x * 0
for i, j, k, r in bots:
cost_expr += If(z3_dist((x, y, z), (i, j, k)) <= r, 1, 0)
opt = Optimize()
opt.maximize(cost_expr)
opt.minimize(z3_dist((0, 0, 0), (x, y, z)))
opt.check()
model = opt.model()
coords = (model[x].as_long(), model[y].as_long(), model[z].as_long())
return dist((0, 0, 0), coords)
def part_2(nanobots: List[Nanobot]) -> int:
x, y, z = Ints("x y z")
opt = Optimize()
bot_cond = []
for i, bot in enumerate(nanobots):
cond = Int(f"bot_{i}")
bot_cond.append(cond)
opt.add(cond == If(z_manhattan(x, y, z, bot.point) <= bot.r, 1, 0))
overlaps = Sum(bot_cond)
dist_zero = Int('dist_zero')
opt.add(dist_zero == z_manhattan(x, y, z, Point(0, 0, 0)))
_ = opt.maximize(overlaps)
dist = opt.maximize(dist_zero)
opt.check()
return dist.upper()
def find_optimal_space(nanobots):
(x, y, z) = (Int('x'), Int('y'), Int('z'))
in_ranges = [
Int('in_range_{}'.format(i)) for i in range(len(nanobots))
]
range_count = Int('sum')
optimiser = Optimize()
for i, nanobot in enumerate(nanobots):
optimiser.add(in_ranges[i] == If(zabs(x - nanobot.x) + zabs(y - nanobot.y) + zabs(z - nanobot.z) <= nanobot.r, 1, 0))
optimiser.add(range_count == sum(in_ranges))
dist_from_zero = Int('dist')
optimiser.add(dist_from_zero == zabs(x) + zabs(y) + zabs(z))
optimiser.maximize(range_count)
result = optimiser.minimize(dist_from_zero)
optimiser.check()
return optimiser.lower(result)
def maximize_distance(bots):
o = Optimize()
z3_abs = lambda k: If(k >= 0, k, -k)
z3_in_ranges = [Int('in_range_of_bot_' + str(i)) for i in xrange(len(bots))]
z3_x, z3_y, z3_z = (Int('x'), Int('y'), Int('z'))
z3_sum = Int('sum')
z3_dist = Int('dist')
for i, (x, y, z, r) in enumerate(bots):
o.add(z3_in_ranges[i] == If(distance((z3_x, z3_y, z3_z), (x, y, z), z3_abs) <= r, 1, 0))
o.add(z3_sum == sum(z3_in_ranges))
o.add(z3_dist == distance((z3_x, z3_y, z3_z), (0, 0, 0), z3_abs))
h1, h2 = o.maximize(z3_sum), o.minimize(z3_dist)
o.check()
# o.lower(h1), o.upper(h1)
lower, upper = o.lower(h2), o.upper(h2)
# o.model()[z3_x], o.model()[z3_y], o.model()[z3_z]
if str(lower) != str(upper): raise Exception('lower ({}) != upper ({})'.format(lower, upper))
return (lower, upper)
# for fidelity optimization
if objective_name == "fidelity":
for n in range(N):
z3.add(u[n] == sum([If(space[l] == n, 1, 0) for l in G_1]))
z3.add(w[n] == sum([If(pi[m][T - 1] == n, 1, 0) for m in range(M)]))
for k in range(K):
z3.add(v[k] == sum([If(space[l] == k, 1, 0) for l in G_2]))
z3.add(vv[k] == sum([If(sigma[k][t], 1, 0) for t in range(T)]))
z3.add(fidelity == sum([v[k] * f_2qbg[k] for k in range(K)]) +
sum([S * vv[k] * f_2qbg[k] for k in range(K)]) +
sum([w[n] * f_meas[n] for n in range(N)]) +
sum([u[n] * f_1qbg[n] for n in range(N)]))
z3.maximize(fidelity)
# for depth optimization
# else:
for l in range(L):
z3.add(depth >= time[l] + 1)
# z3.minimize(depth)
if objective_name == "swap":
z3.minimize(num_swap)
elif objective_name == "depth":
ze.minimize(depth)
satisfiable = z3.check()
if satisfiable == sat:
not_solve = False
def solve(self, output_mode: str = None, output_file_name: str = None):
"""Formulate an SMT, pass it to z3 solver, and output results.
CORE OF OLSQ, EDIT WITH CARE.
Args:
output_mode: "IR" or left to default.
output_file_name: a file to store the IR output or qasm.
Returns:
a list of results depending on output_mode
"IR":
| list_scheduled_gate_name: name/type of each gate
| list_scheduled_gate_qubits: qubit(s) each gate acts on
| final_mapping: logical qubit |-> physical qubit in the end
| objective_value: depth/#swap/fidelity depending on setting
None:
a qasm string
final_mapping
objective_value
"""
objective_name = self.objective_name
device = self.device
list_gate_qubits = self.list_gate_qubits
count_program_qubit = self.count_program_qubit
list_gate_name = self.list_gate_name
count_physical_qubit = self.count_physical_qubit
list_qubit_edge = self.list_qubit_edge
swap_duration = self.swap_duration
bound_depth = self.bound_depth
# pre-processing
count_qubit_edge = len(list_qubit_edge)
count_gate = len(list_gate_qubits)
if self.objective_name == "fidelity":
list_logfidelity_single = [
int(1000 * math.log(device.list_fidelity_single[n]))
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)]
list_logfidelity_two = [
int(1000 * math.log(device.list_fidelity_two[k]))
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)]
list_logfidelity_measure = [
int(1000 * math.log(device.list_fidelity_measure[n]))
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)]
list_gate_two = list()
list_gate_single = list()
for l in range(count_gate):
if len(list_gate_qubits[l]) == 1:
list_gate_single.append(l)
else:
list_gate_two.append(l)
# list_adjacency_qubit takes in a physical qubit index _p_, and
# returns the list of indices of physical qubits adjacent to _p_
list_adjacent_qubit = list()
# list_span_edge takes in a physical qubit index _p_,
# and returns the list of edges spanned from _p_
list_span_edge = list()
for n in range(count_physical_qubit):
list_adjacent_qubit.append(list())
list_span_edge.append(list())
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
list_adjacent_qubit[list_qubit_edge[k][0]].append(
list_qubit_edge[k][1])
list_adjacent_qubit[list_qubit_edge[k][1]].append(
list_qubit_edge[k][0])
list_span_edge[list_qubit_edge[k][0]].append(k)
list_span_edge[list_qubit_edge[k][1]].append(k)
# if_overlap_edge takes in two edge indices _e_ and _e'_,
# and returns whether or not they overlap
if_overlap_edge = [[0] * count_qubit_edge
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)]
# list_over_lap_edge takes in an edge index _e_,
# and returnsthe list of edges that overlap with _e_
list_overlap_edge = list()
# list_count_overlap_edge is the list of lengths of
# overlap edge lists of all the _e_
list_count_overlap_edge = list()
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
list_overlap_edge.append(list())
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for kk in range(k + 1, count_qubit_edge):
if ( (list_qubit_edge[k][0] == list_qubit_edge[kk][0]
or list_qubit_edge[k][0] == list_qubit_edge[kk][1])
or (list_qubit_edge[k][1] == list_qubit_edge[kk][0]
or list_qubit_edge[k][1] == list_qubit_edge[kk][1]) ):
list_overlap_edge[k].append(kk)
list_overlap_edge[kk].append(k)
if_overlap_edge[kk][k] = 1
if_overlap_edge[k][kk] = 1
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
list_count_overlap_edge.append(len(list_overlap_edge[k]))
if not self.inpput_dependency:
list_gate_dependency = collision_extracting(list_gate_qubits)
else:
list_gate_dependency = self.list_gate_dependency
# index function: takes two physical qubit indices _p_ and _p'_,
# and returns the index of the edge between them if there is one
map_edge_index = [[0] * count_physical_qubit] * count_physical_qubit
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
map_edge_index[list_qubit_edge[k][0]][list_qubit_edge[k][1]] = k
map_edge_index[list_qubit_edge[k][1]][list_qubit_edge[k][0]] = k
not_solved = True
start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
while not_solved:
print("Trying maximal depth = {}...".format(bound_depth))
# variable setting
# at cycle t, logical qubit q is mapped to pi[q][t]
pi = [[Int("map_q{}_t{}".format(i, j)) for j in range(bound_depth)]
for i in range(count_program_qubit)]
# time coordinate for gate l is time[l]
time = IntVector('time', count_gate)
# space coordinate for gate l is space[l]
space = IntVector('space', count_gate)
# if at cycle t, a SWAP finishing on edge k, then sigma[k][t]=1
sigma = [[Bool("ifswap_e{}_t{}".format(i, j))
for j in range(bound_depth)] for i in range(count_qubit_edge)]
# for depth optimization
depth = Int('depth')
# for swap optimization
count_swap = Int('num_swap')
# for fidelity optimization
if objective_name == "fidelity":
u = [Int("num_1qbg_p{}".format(n))
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)]
v = [Int("num_2qbg_e{}".format(k))
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)]
vv = [Int("num_swap_e{}".format(k))
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)]
w = [Int("num_meas_p{}".format(n))
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)]
fidelity = Int('log_fidelity')
lsqc = Optimize()
# constraint setting
for t in range(bound_depth):
for m in range(count_program_qubit):
lsqc.add(pi[m][t] >= 0, pi[m][t] < count_physical_qubit)
for mm in range(m):
lsqc.add(pi[m][t] != pi[mm][t])
for l in range(count_gate):
lsqc.add(time[l] >= 0, time[l] < bound_depth)
if l in list_gate_single:
lsqc.add(space[l] >= 0, space[l] < count_physical_qubit)
for t in range(bound_depth):
lsqc.add(Implies(time[l] == t,
pi[list_gate_qubits[l][0]][t] == space[l]))
elif l in list_gate_two:
lsqc.add(space[l] >= 0, space[l] < count_qubit_edge)
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for t in range(bound_depth):
lsqc.add(Implies(And(time[l] == t, space[l] == k),
Or(And(list_qubit_edge[k][0] == \
pi[list_gate_qubits[l][0]][t],
list_qubit_edge[k][1] == \
pi[list_gate_qubits[l][1]][t]),
And(list_qubit_edge[k][1] == \
pi[list_gate_qubits[l][0]][t],
list_qubit_edge[k][0] == \
pi[list_gate_qubits[l][1]][t]) ) ))
for d in list_gate_dependency:
if self.if_transition_based:
lsqc.add(time[d[0]] <= time[d[1]])
else:
lsqc.add(time[d[0]] < time[d[1]])
for t in range(min(swap_duration - 1, bound_depth)):
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
lsqc.add(sigma[k][t] == False)
for t in range(swap_duration - 1, bound_depth):
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for tt in range(t - swap_duration + 1, t):
lsqc.add(Implies(sigma[k][t] == True,
sigma[k][tt] == False))
for tt in range(t - swap_duration + 1, t + 1):
for kk in list_overlap_edge[k]:
lsqc.add(Implies(sigma[k][t] == True,
sigma[kk][tt] == False))
if not self.if_transition_based:
for t in range(swap_duration - 1, bound_depth):
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for tt in range(t - swap_duration + 1, t + 1):
for l in range(count_gate):
if l in list_gate_single:
lsqc.add(Implies(And(time[l] == tt,
Or(space[l] == list_qubit_edge[k][0],
space[l] == list_qubit_edge[k][1])),
sigma[k][t] == False ))
elif l in list_gate_two:
lsqc.add(Implies(And(
time[l] == tt, space[l] == k),
sigma[k][t] == False ))
for kk in list_overlap_edge[k]:
lsqc.add(Implies(And(
time[l] == tt, space[l] == kk),
sigma[k][t] == False ))
for t in range(bound_depth - 1):
for n in range(count_physical_qubit):
for m in range(count_program_qubit):
lsqc.add(
Implies(And(sum([If(sigma[k][t], 1, 0)
for k in list_span_edge[n]]) == 0,
pi[m][t] == n), pi[m][t + 1] == n))
for t in range(bound_depth - 1):
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for m in range(count_program_qubit):
lsqc.add(Implies(And(sigma[k][t] == True,
pi[m][t] == list_qubit_edge[k][0]),
pi[m][t + 1] == list_qubit_edge[k][1]))
lsqc.add(Implies(And(sigma[k][t] == True,
pi[m][t] == list_qubit_edge[k][1]),
pi[m][t + 1] == list_qubit_edge[k][0]))
lsqc.add(
count_swap == sum([If(sigma[k][t], 1, 0)
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)
for t in range(bound_depth)]))
# for depth optimization
for l in range(count_gate):
lsqc.add(depth >= time[l] + 1)
if objective_name == "swap":
lsqc.minimize(count_swap)
elif objective_name == "depth":
lsqc.minimize(depth)
elif objective_name == "fidelity":
for n in range(count_physical_qubit):
lsqc.add(u[n] == sum([If(space[l] == n, 1, 0)
for l in list_gate_single]))
lsqc.add(w[n] == sum([If(pi[m][bound_depth - 1] == n, 1, 0)
for m in range(count_program_qubit)]))
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
lsqc.add(v[k] == sum([If(space[l] == k, 1, 0)
for l in list_gate_two]))
lsqc.add(vv[k] == sum([If(sigma[k][t], 1, 0)
for t in range(bound_depth)]))
lsqc.add(fidelity == sum([v[k] * list_logfidelity_two[k]
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)])
+ sum([
swap_duration * vv[k] * list_logfidelity_two[k]
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)])
+ sum([w[n] * list_logfidelity_measure[n]
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)])
+ sum([u[n] * list_logfidelity_single[n]
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)]) )
lsqc.maximize(fidelity)
else:
raise Exception("Invalid Objective Name")
satisfiable = lsqc.check()
if satisfiable == sat:
not_solved = False
else:
if self.if_transition_based:
bound_depth += 1
else:
bound_depth = int(1.3 * bound_depth)
print(f"Compilation time = {datetime.datetime.now() - start_time}.")
model = lsqc.model()
# post-processing
result_time = []
result_depth = model[depth].as_long()
for l in range(count_gate):
result_time.append(model[time[l]].as_long())
list_result_swap = []
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for t in range(result_depth):
if model[sigma[k][t]]:
list_result_swap.append((k, t))
print(f"SWAP on physical edge ({list_qubit_edge[k][0]},"\
+ f"{list_qubit_edge[k][1]}) at time {t}")
for l in range(count_gate):
if len(list_gate_qubits[l]) == 1:
qq = list_gate_qubits[l][0]
tt = result_time[l]
print(f"Gate {l}: {list_gate_name[l]} {qq} on qubit "\
+ f"{model[pi[qq][tt]].as_long()} at time {tt}")
else:
qq = list_gate_qubits[l][0]
qqq = list_gate_qubits[l][1]
tt = result_time[l]
print(f"Gate {l}: {list_gate_name[l]} {qq}, {qqq} on qubits "\
+ f"{model[pi[qq][tt]].as_long()} and "\
+ f"{model[pi[qqq][tt]].as_long()} at time {tt}")
# transition based
if self.if_transition_based:
self.swap_duration = self.device.swap_duration
map_to_block = dict()
real_time = [0 for i in range(count_gate)]
list_depth_on_qubit = [-1 for i in range(self.count_physical_qubit)]
list_real_swap = []
for block in range(result_depth):
for tmp_gate in range(count_gate):
if result_time[tmp_gate] == block:
qubits = list_gate_qubits[tmp_gate]
if len(qubits) == 1:
p0 = model[pi[qubits[0]][block]].as_long()
real_time[tmp_gate] = \
list_depth_on_qubit[p0] + 1
list_depth_on_qubit[p0] = \
real_time[tmp_gate]
map_to_block[real_time[tmp_gate]] = block
else:
p0 = model[pi[qubits[0]][block]].as_long()
p1 = model[pi[qubits[1]][block]].as_long()
real_time[tmp_gate] = max(
list_depth_on_qubit[p0],
list_depth_on_qubit[p1]) + 1
list_depth_on_qubit[p0] = \
real_time[tmp_gate]
list_depth_on_qubit[p1] = \
real_time[tmp_gate]
map_to_block[real_time[tmp_gate]] = block
# print(f"{tmp_gate} {p0} {p1} real-time={real_time[tmp_gate]}")
if block < result_depth - 1:
for (k, t) in list_result_swap:
if t == block:
p0 = list_qubit_edge[k][0]
p1 = list_qubit_edge[k][1]
tmp_time = max(list_depth_on_qubit[p0],
list_depth_on_qubit[p1]) \
+ self.swap_duration
list_depth_on_qubit[p0] = tmp_time
list_depth_on_qubit[p1] = tmp_time
list_real_swap.append((k, tmp_time))
# print(list_depth_on_qubit)
result_time = real_time
real_depth = 0
for tmp_depth in list_depth_on_qubit:
if real_depth < tmp_depth + 1:
real_depth = tmp_depth + 1
result_depth = real_depth
list_result_swap = list_real_swap
# print(list_result_swap)
objective_value = 0
if objective_name == "fidelity":
objective_value = model[fidelity].as_long()
print(f"result fidelity = {math.exp(objective_value / 1000.0)}")
elif objective_name == "swap":
objective_value = len(list_result_swap)
print(f"result additional SWAP count = {objective_value}.")
else:
objective_value = model[depth].as_long()
print(f"result circuit depth = {objective_value}.")
list_scheduled_gate_qubits = [[] for i in range(result_depth)]
list_scheduled_gate_name = [[] for i in range(result_depth)]
result_depth = 0
for l in range(count_gate):
t = result_time[l]
if result_depth < t + 1:
result_depth = t + 1
list_scheduled_gate_name[t].append(list_gate_name[l])
if l in list_gate_single:
q = model[space[l]].as_long()
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t].append((q,))
elif l in list_gate_two:
[q0, q1] = list_gate_qubits[l]
tmp_t = t
if self.if_transition_based:
tmp_t = map_to_block[t]
q0 = model[pi[q0][tmp_t]].as_long()
q1 = model[pi[q1][tmp_t]].as_long()
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t].append((q0, q1))
else:
raise ValueError("Expect single-qubit or two-qubit gate.")
final_mapping = []
for m in range(count_program_qubit):
tmp_depth = result_depth - 1
if self.if_transition_based:
tmp_depth = map_to_block[result_depth - 1]
final_mapping.append(model[pi[m][tmp_depth]].as_long())
for (k, t) in list_result_swap:
q0 = list_qubit_edge[k][0]
q1 = list_qubit_edge[k][1]
if self.swap_duration == 1:
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t].append((q0, q1))
list_scheduled_gate_name[t].append("SWAP")
elif self.swap_duration == 3:
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t].append((q0, q1))
list_scheduled_gate_name[t].append("cx")
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t - 1].append((q1, q0))
list_scheduled_gate_name[t - 1].append("cx")
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t - 2].append((q0, q1))
list_scheduled_gate_name[t - 2].append("cx")
else:
raise ValueError("Expect SWAP duration one, or three")
if output_mode == "IR":
if output_file_name:
output_file = open(output_file_name, 'w')
output_file.writelines([list_scheduled_gate_name,
list_scheduled_gate_qubits,
final_mapping,
objective_value])
return (result_depth,
list_scheduled_gate_name,
list_scheduled_gate_qubits,
final_mapping,
objective_value)
else:
return (output_qasm(device, result_depth, list_scheduled_gate_name,
list_scheduled_gate_qubits, final_mapping,
True, output_file_name),
final_mapping,
objective_value)
class CrosstalkAdaptiveSchedule(TransformationPass):
"""Crosstalk mitigation through adaptive instruction scheduling."""
def __init__(self,
backend_prop,
crosstalk_prop,
weight_factor=0.5,
measured_qubits=None):
"""CrosstalkAdaptiveSchedule initializer.
Args:
backend_prop (BackendProperties): backend properties object
crosstalk_prop (dict): crosstalk properties object
crosstalk_prop[g1][g2] specifies the conditional error rate of
g1 when g1 and g2 are executed simultaneously.
g1 should be a two-qubit tuple of the form (x,y) where x and y are physical
qubit ids. g2 can be either two-qubit tuple (x,y) or single-qubit tuple (x).
We currently ignore crosstalk between pairs of single-qubit gates.
Gate pairs which are not specified are assumed to be crosstalk free.
Example::
crosstalk_prop = {(0, 1) : {(2, 3) : 0.2, (2) : 0.15},
(4, 5) : {(2, 3) : 0.1},
(2, 3) : {(0, 1) : 0.05, (4, 5): 0.05}}
The keys of the crosstalk_prop are tuples for ordered tuples for CX gates
e.g., (0, 1) corresponding to CX 0, 1 in the hardware.
Each key has an associated value dict which specifies the conditional error rates
with nearby gates e.g., ``(0, 1) : {(2, 3) : 0.2, (2) : 0.15}`` means that
CNOT 0, 1 has an error rate of 0.2 when it is executed in parallel with CNOT 2,3
and an error rate of 0.15 when it is executed in parallel with a single qubit
gate on qubit 2.
weight_factor (float): weight of gate error/crosstalk terms in the objective
:math:`weight_factor*fidelities + (1-weight_factor)*decoherence errors`.
Weight can be varied from 0 to 1, with 0 meaning that only decoherence
errors are optimized and 1 meaning that only crosstalk errors are optimized.
weight_factor should be tuned per application to get the best results.
measured_qubits (list): a list of qubits that will be measured in a particular circuit.
This arg need not be specified for circuits which already include measure gates.
The arg is useful when a subsequent module such as state_tomography_circuits
inserts the measure gates. If CrosstalkAdaptiveSchedule is made aware of those
measurements, it is included in the optimization.
Raises:
ImportError: if unable to import z3 solver
"""
super().__init__()
self.backend_prop = backend_prop
self.crosstalk_prop = crosstalk_prop
self.weight_factor = weight_factor
if measured_qubits is None:
self.input_measured_qubits = []
else:
self.input_measured_qubits = measured_qubits
self.bp_u1_err = {}
self.bp_u1_dur = {}
self.bp_u2_err = {}
self.bp_u2_dur = {}
self.bp_u3_err = {}
self.bp_u3_dur = {}
self.bp_cx_err = {}
self.bp_cx_dur = {}
self.bp_t1_time = {}
self.bp_t2_time = {}
self.gate_id = {}
self.gate_start_time = {}
self.gate_duration = {}
self.gate_fidelity = {}
self.overlap_amounts = {}
self.overlap_indicator = {}
self.qubit_lifetime = {}
self.dag_overlap_set = {}
self.xtalk_overlap_set = {}
self.opt = Optimize()
self.measured_qubits = []
self.measure_start = None
self.last_gate_on_qubit = None
self.first_gate_on_qubit = None
self.fidelity_terms = []
self.coherence_terms = []
self.model = None
self.dag = None
self.parse_backend_properties()
def powerset(self, iterable):
"""
Finds the set of all subsets of the given iterable
This function is used to generate constraints for the Z3 optimization
"""
l_s = list(iterable)
return chain.from_iterable(
combinations(l_s, r) for r in range(len(l_s) + 1))
def parse_backend_properties(self):
"""
This function assumes that gate durations and coherence times
are in seconds in backend.properties()
This function converts gate durations and coherence times to
nanoseconds.
"""
backend_prop = self.backend_prop
for qid in range(len(backend_prop.qubits)):
self.bp_t1_time[qid] = int(backend_prop.t1(qid) * 10**9)
self.bp_t2_time[qid] = int(backend_prop.t2(qid) * 10**9)
self.bp_u1_dur[qid] = int(backend_prop.gate_length('u1',
qid)) * 10**9
u1_err = backend_prop.gate_error('u1', qid)
if u1_err == 1.0:
u1_err = 0.9999
self.bp_u1_err = round(u1_err, NUM_PREC)
self.bp_u2_dur[qid] = int(backend_prop.gate_length('u2',
qid)) * 10**9
u2_err = backend_prop.gate_error('u2', qid)
if u2_err == 1.0:
u2_err = 0.9999
self.bp_u2_err = round(u2_err, NUM_PREC)
self.bp_u3_dur[qid] = int(backend_prop.gate_length('u3',
qid)) * 10**9
u3_err = backend_prop.gate_error('u3', qid)
if u3_err == 1.0:
u3_err = 0.9999
self.bp_u3_err = round(u3_err, NUM_PREC)
for ginfo in backend_prop.gates:
if ginfo.gate == 'cx':
q_0 = ginfo.qubits[0]
q_1 = ginfo.qubits[1]
cx_tup = (min(q_0, q_1), max(q_0, q_1))
self.bp_cx_dur[cx_tup] = int(
backend_prop.gate_length('cx', cx_tup)) * 10**9
cx_err = backend_prop.gate_error('cx', cx_tup)
if cx_err == 1.0:
cx_err = 0.9999
self.bp_cx_err[cx_tup] = round(cx_err, NUM_PREC)
def cx_tuple(self, gate):
"""
Representation for two-qubit gate
Note: current implementation assumes that the CX error rates and
crosstalk behavior are independent of gate direction
"""
physical_q_0 = gate.qargs[0].index
physical_q_1 = gate.qargs[1].index
r_0 = min(physical_q_0, physical_q_1)
r_1 = max(physical_q_0, physical_q_1)
return (r_0, r_1)
def singleq_tuple(self, gate):
"""
Representation for single-qubit gate
"""
physical_q_0 = gate.qargs[0].index
tup = (physical_q_0, )
return tup
def gate_tuple(self, gate):
"""
Representation for gate
"""
if len(gate.qargs) == 2:
return self.cx_tuple(gate)
else:
return self.singleq_tuple(gate)
def assign_gate_id(self, dag):
"""
ID for each gate
"""
idx = 0
for gate in dag.gate_nodes():
self.gate_id[gate] = idx
idx += 1
def extract_dag_overlap_sets(self, dag):
"""
Gate A, B are overlapping if
A is neither a descendant nor an ancestor of B.
Currenty overlaps (A,B) are considered when A is a 2q gate and
B is either 2q or 1q gate.
"""
for gate in dag.two_qubit_ops():
overlap_set = []
descendants = dag.descendants(gate)
ancestors = dag.ancestors(gate)
for tmp_gate in dag.gate_nodes():
if tmp_gate == gate:
continue
if tmp_gate in descendants:
continue
if tmp_gate in ancestors:
continue
overlap_set.append(tmp_gate)
self.dag_overlap_set[gate] = overlap_set
def is_significant_xtalk(self, gate1, gate2):
"""
Given two conditional gate error rates
check if there is high crosstalk by comparing with independent error rates.
"""
gate1_tup = self.gate_tuple(gate1)
if len(gate2.qargs) == 2:
gate2_tup = self.gate_tuple(gate2)
independent_err_g_1 = self.bp_cx_err[gate1_tup]
independent_err_g_2 = self.bp_cx_err[gate2_tup]
rg_1 = self.crosstalk_prop[gate1_tup][
gate2_tup] / independent_err_g_1
rg_2 = self.crosstalk_prop[gate2_tup][
gate1_tup] / independent_err_g_2
if rg_1 > TWOQ_XTALK_THRESH or rg_2 > TWOQ_XTALK_THRESH:
return True
else:
gate2_tup = self.gate_tuple(gate2)
independent_err_g_1 = self.bp_cx_err[gate1_tup]
rg_1 = self.crosstalk_prop[gate1_tup][
gate2_tup] / independent_err_g_1
if rg_1 > ONEQ_XTALK_THRESH:
return True
return False
def extract_crosstalk_relevant_sets(self):
"""
Extract the set of program gates which potentially have crosstalk noise
"""
for gate in self.dag_overlap_set:
self.xtalk_overlap_set[gate] = []
tup_g = self.gate_tuple(gate)
if tup_g not in self.crosstalk_prop:
continue
for par_g in self.dag_overlap_set[gate]:
tup_par_g = self.gate_tuple(par_g)
if tup_par_g in self.crosstalk_prop[tup_g]:
if self.is_significant_xtalk(gate, par_g):
if par_g not in self.xtalk_overlap_set[gate]:
self.xtalk_overlap_set[gate].append(par_g)
def create_z3_vars(self):
"""
Setup the variables required for Z3 optimization
"""
for gate in self.dag.gate_nodes():
t_var_name = 't_' + str(self.gate_id[gate])
d_var_name = 'd_' + str(self.gate_id[gate])
f_var_name = 'f_' + str(self.gate_id[gate])
self.gate_start_time[gate] = Real(t_var_name)
self.gate_duration[gate] = Real(d_var_name)
self.gate_fidelity[gate] = Real(f_var_name)
for gate in self.xtalk_overlap_set:
self.overlap_indicator[gate] = {}
self.overlap_amounts[gate] = {}
for g_1 in self.xtalk_overlap_set:
for g_2 in self.xtalk_overlap_set[g_1]:
if len(g_2.qargs) == 2 and g_1 in self.overlap_indicator[g_2]:
self.overlap_indicator[g_1][g_2] = self.overlap_indicator[
g_2][g_1]
self.overlap_amounts[g_1][g_2] = self.overlap_amounts[g_2][
g_1]
else:
# Indicator variable for overlap of g_1 and g_2
var_name1 = 'olp_ind_' + str(
self.gate_id[g_1]) + '_' + str(self.gate_id[g_2])
self.overlap_indicator[g_1][g_2] = Bool(var_name1)
var_name2 = 'olp_amnt_' + str(
self.gate_id[g_1]) + '_' + str(self.gate_id[g_2])
self.overlap_amounts[g_1][g_2] = Real(var_name2)
active_qubits_list = []
for gate in self.dag.gate_nodes():
for q in gate.qargs:
active_qubits_list.append(q.index)
for active_qubit in list(set(active_qubits_list)):
q_var_name = 'l_' + str(active_qubit)
self.qubit_lifetime[active_qubit] = Real(q_var_name)
meas_q = []
for node in self.dag.op_nodes():
if isinstance(node.op, Measure):
meas_q.append(node.qargs[0].index)
self.measured_qubits = list(
set(self.input_measured_qubits).union(set(meas_q)))
self.measure_start = Real('meas_start')
def basic_bounds(self):
"""
Basic variable bounds for optimization
"""
for gate in self.gate_start_time:
self.opt.add(self.gate_start_time[gate] >= 0)
for gate in self.gate_duration:
q_0 = gate.qargs[0].index
if isinstance(gate.op, U1Gate):
dur = self.bp_u1_dur[q_0]
elif isinstance(gate.op, U2Gate):
dur = self.bp_u2_dur[q_0]
elif isinstance(gate.op, U3Gate):
dur = self.bp_u3_dur[q_0]
elif isinstance(gate.op, CXGate):
dur = self.bp_cx_dur[self.cx_tuple(gate)]
self.opt.add(self.gate_duration[gate] == dur)
def scheduling_constraints(self):
"""
DAG scheduling constraints optimization
Sets overlap indicator variables
"""
for gate in self.gate_start_time:
for dep_gate in self.dag.successors(gate):
if not dep_gate.type == 'op':
continue
if isinstance(dep_gate.op, Measure):
continue
if isinstance(dep_gate.op, Barrier):
continue
fin_g = self.gate_start_time[gate] + self.gate_duration[gate]
self.opt.add(self.gate_start_time[dep_gate] > fin_g)
for g_1 in self.xtalk_overlap_set:
for g_2 in self.xtalk_overlap_set[g_1]:
if len(g_2.qargs
) == 2 and self.gate_id[g_1] > self.gate_id[g_2]:
# Symmetry breaking: create only overlap variable for a pair
# of gates
continue
s_1 = self.gate_start_time[g_1]
f_1 = s_1 + self.gate_duration[g_1]
s_2 = self.gate_start_time[g_2]
f_2 = s_2 + self.gate_duration[g_2]
# This constraint enforces full or zero overlap between two gates
before = (f_1 < s_2)
after = (f_2 < s_1)
overlap1 = And(s_2 <= s_1, f_1 <= f_2)
overlap2 = And(s_1 <= s_2, f_2 <= f_1)
self.opt.add(Or(before, after, overlap1, overlap2))
intervals_overlap = And(s_2 <= f_1, s_1 <= f_2)
self.opt.add(
self.overlap_indicator[g_1][g_2] == intervals_overlap)
def fidelity_constraints(self):
"""
Set gate fidelity based on gate overlap conditions
"""
for gate in self.gate_start_time:
q_0 = gate.qargs[0].index
no_xtalk = False
if gate not in self.xtalk_overlap_set:
no_xtalk = True
elif not self.xtalk_overlap_set[gate]:
no_xtalk = True
if no_xtalk:
if isinstance(gate.op, U1Gate):
fid = math.log(1.0)
elif isinstance(gate.op, U2Gate):
fid = math.log(1.0 - self.bp_u2_err[q_0])
elif isinstance(gate.op, U3Gate):
fid = math.log(1.0 - self.bp_u3_err[q_0])
elif isinstance(gate.op, CXGate):
fid = math.log(1.0 - self.bp_cx_err[self.cx_tuple(gate)])
self.opt.add(self.gate_fidelity[gate] == round(fid, NUM_PREC))
else:
comb = list(self.powerset(self.xtalk_overlap_set[gate]))
xtalk_set = set(self.xtalk_overlap_set[gate])
for item in comb:
on_set = item
off_set = [i for i in xtalk_set if i not in on_set]
clauses = []
for tmpg in on_set:
clauses.append(self.overlap_indicator[gate][tmpg])
for tmpg in off_set:
clauses.append(Not(self.overlap_indicator[gate][tmpg]))
err = 0
if not on_set:
err = self.bp_cx_err[self.cx_tuple(gate)]
elif len(on_set) == 1:
on_gate = on_set[0]
err = self.crosstalk_prop[self.gate_tuple(gate)][
self.gate_tuple(on_gate)]
else:
err_list = []
for on_gate in on_set:
tmp_prop = self.crosstalk_prop[self.gate_tuple(
gate)]
err_list.append(tmp_prop[self.gate_tuple(on_gate)])
err = max(err_list)
if err == 1.0:
err = 0.999999
val = round(math.log(1.0 - err), NUM_PREC)
self.opt.add(
Implies(And(*clauses),
self.gate_fidelity[gate] == val))
def coherence_constraints(self):
"""
Set decoherence errors based on qubit lifetimes
"""
self.last_gate_on_qubit = {}
for gate in self.dag.topological_op_nodes():
if isinstance(gate.op, Measure):
continue
if isinstance(gate.op, Barrier):
continue
if len(gate.qargs) == 1:
q_0 = gate.qargs[0].index
self.last_gate_on_qubit[q_0] = gate
else:
q_0 = gate.qargs[0].index
q_1 = gate.qargs[1].index
self.last_gate_on_qubit[q_0] = gate
self.last_gate_on_qubit[q_1] = gate
self.first_gate_on_qubit = {}
for gate in self.dag.topological_op_nodes():
if len(gate.qargs) == 1:
q_0 = gate.qargs[0].index
if q_0 not in self.first_gate_on_qubit:
self.first_gate_on_qubit[q_0] = gate
else:
q_0 = gate.qargs[0].index
q_1 = gate.qargs[1].index
if q_0 not in self.first_gate_on_qubit:
self.first_gate_on_qubit[q_0] = gate
if q_1 not in self.first_gate_on_qubit:
self.first_gate_on_qubit[q_1] = gate
for q in self.last_gate_on_qubit:
g_last = self.last_gate_on_qubit[q]
g_first = self.first_gate_on_qubit[q]
finish_time = self.gate_start_time[g_last] + self.gate_duration[
g_last]
start_time = self.gate_start_time[g_first]
if q in self.measured_qubits:
self.opt.add(self.measure_start >= finish_time)
self.opt.add(self.qubit_lifetime[q] == self.measure_start -
start_time)
else:
# All qubits get measured simultaneously whether or not they need a measurement
self.opt.add(self.measure_start >= finish_time)
self.opt.add(self.qubit_lifetime[q] == finish_time -
start_time)
def objective_function(self):
"""
Objective function is a weighted combination of gate errors and decoherence errors
"""
self.fidelity_terms = [
self.gate_fidelity[gate] for gate in self.gate_fidelity
]
self.coherence_terms = []
for q in self.qubit_lifetime:
val = -self.qubit_lifetime[q] / min(self.bp_t1_time[q],
self.bp_t2_time[q])
self.coherence_terms.append(val)
all_terms = []
for item in self.fidelity_terms:
all_terms.append(self.weight_factor * item)
for item in self.coherence_terms:
all_terms.append((1 - self.weight_factor) * item)
self.opt.maximize(Sum(all_terms))
def r2f(self, val):
"""
Convert Z3 Real to Python float
"""
return float(val.as_decimal(16).rstrip('?'))
def extract_solution(self):
"""
Extract gate start and finish times from Z3 solution
"""
self.model = self.opt.model()
result = {}
for tmpg in self.gate_start_time:
start = self.r2f(self.model[self.gate_start_time[tmpg]])
dur = self.r2f(self.model[self.gate_duration[tmpg]])
result[tmpg] = (start, start + dur)
return result
def solve_optimization(self):
"""
Setup and solve a Z3 optimization for finding the best schedule
"""
self.opt = Optimize()
self.create_z3_vars()
self.basic_bounds()
self.scheduling_constraints()
self.fidelity_constraints()
self.coherence_constraints()
self.objective_function()
# Solve step
self.opt.check()
# Extract the schedule computed by Z3
result = self.extract_solution()
return result
def check_dag_dependency(self, gate1, gate2):
"""
gate2 is a DAG dependent of gate1 if it is a descendant of gate1
"""
return gate2 in self.dag.descendants(gate1)
def check_xtalk_dependency(self, t_1, t_2):
"""
Check if two gates have a crosstalk dependency.
We do not consider crosstalk between pairs of single qubit gates.
"""
g_1 = t_1[0]
s_1 = t_1[1]
f_1 = t_1[2]
g_2 = t_2[0]
s_2 = t_2[1]
f_2 = t_2[2]
if len(g_1.qargs) == 1 and len(g_2.qargs) == 1:
return False, ()
if s_2 <= f_1 and s_1 <= f_2:
# Z3 says it's ok to overlap these gates,
# so no xtalk dependency needs to be checked
return False, ()
else:
# Assert because we are iterating in Z3 gate start time order,
# so if two gates are not overlapping, then the second gate has to
# start after the first gate finishes
assert s_2 >= f_1
# Not overlapping, but we care about this dependency
if len(g_1.qargs) == 2 and len(g_2.qargs) == 2:
if g_2 in self.xtalk_overlap_set[g_1]:
cx1 = self.cx_tuple(g_1)
cx2 = self.cx_tuple(g_2)
barrier = tuple(sorted([cx1[0], cx1[1], cx2[0], cx2[1]]))
return True, barrier
elif len(g_1.qargs) == 1 and len(g_2.qargs) == 2:
if g_1 in self.xtalk_overlap_set[g_2]:
singleq = self.gate_tuple(g_1)
cx1 = self.cx_tuple(g_2)
print(singleq, cx1)
barrier = tuple(sorted([singleq, cx1[0], cx1[1]]))
return True, barrier
elif len(g_1.qargs) == 2 and len(g_2.qargs) == 1:
if g_2 in self.xtalk_overlap_set[g_1]:
singleq = self.gate_tuple(g_2)
cx1 = self.cx_tuple(g_1)
barrier = tuple(sorted([singleq, cx1[0], cx1[1]]))
return True, barrier
# Not overlapping, and we don't care about xtalk between these two gates
return False, ()
def filter_candidates(self, candidates, layer, layer_id, triplet):
"""
For a gate G and layer L,
L is a candidate layer for G if no gate in L has a DAG dependency with G,
and if Z3 allows gates in L and G to overlap.
"""
curr_gate = triplet[0]
for prev_triplet in layer:
prev_gate = prev_triplet[0]
is_dag_dep = self.check_dag_dependency(prev_gate, curr_gate)
is_xtalk_dep, _ = self.check_xtalk_dependency(
prev_triplet, triplet)
if is_dag_dep or is_xtalk_dep:
# If there is a DAG dependency, we can't insert in any previous layer
# If there is Xtalk dependency, we can (in general) insert in previous layers,
# but since we are iterating in the order of gate start times,
# we should only insert this gate in subsequent layers
for i in range(layer_id + 1):
if i in candidates:
candidates.remove(i)
return candidates
def find_layer(self, layers, triplet):
"""
Find the appropriate layer for a gate
"""
candidates = list(range(len(layers)))
for i, layer in enumerate(layers):
candidates = self.filter_candidates(candidates, layer, i, triplet)
if not candidates:
return len(layers)
# Open a new layer
else:
return max(candidates)
# Latest acceptable layer, right-alignment
def generate_barriers(self, layers):
"""
For each gate g, see if a barrier is required to serialize it with
some previously processed gate
"""
barriers = []
for i, layer in enumerate(layers):
barriers.append(set())
if i == 0:
continue
for t_2 in layer:
for j in range(i):
prev_layer = layers[j]
for t_1 in prev_layer:
is_dag_dep = self.check_dag_dependency(t_1[0], t_2[0])
is_xtalk_dep, curr_barrier = self.check_xtalk_dependency(
t_1, t_2)
if is_dag_dep:
# Don't insert a barrier since there is a DAG dependency
continue
if is_xtalk_dep:
# Insert a barrier for this layer
barriers[-1].add(curr_barrier)
return barriers
def create_updated_dag(self, layers, barriers):
"""
Given a set of layers and barries, construct a new dag
"""
new_dag = DAGCircuit()
for qreg in self.dag.qregs.values():
new_dag.add_qreg(qreg)
for creg in self.dag.cregs.values():
new_dag.add_creg(creg)
canonical_register = new_dag.qregs['q']
for i, layer in enumerate(layers):
curr_barriers = barriers[i]
for b in curr_barriers:
current_qregs = []
for idx in b:
current_qregs.append(canonical_register[idx])
new_dag.apply_operation_back(Barrier(len(b)), current_qregs,
[])
for triplet in layer:
gate = triplet[0]
new_dag.apply_operation_back(gate.op, gate.qargs, gate.cargs)
for node in self.dag.op_nodes():
if isinstance(node.op, Measure):
new_dag.apply_operation_back(node.op, node.qargs, node.cargs)
return new_dag
def enforce_schedule_on_dag(self, input_gate_times):
"""
Z3 outputs start times for each gate.
Some gates need to be serialized to implement the Z3 schedule.
This function inserts barriers to implement those serializations
"""
gate_times = []
for key in input_gate_times:
gate_times.append(
(key, input_gate_times[key][0], input_gate_times[key][1]))
# Sort gates by start time
sorted_gate_times = sorted(gate_times, key=operator.itemgetter(1))
layers = []
# Construct a set of layers. Each layer has a set of gates that
# are allowed to fire in parallel according to Z3
for triplet in sorted_gate_times:
layer_idx = self.find_layer(layers, triplet)
if layer_idx == len(layers):
layers.append([triplet])
else:
layers[layer_idx].append(triplet)
# Insert barries if necessary to enforce the above layers
barriers = self.generate_barriers(layers)
new_dag = self.create_updated_dag(layers, barriers)
return new_dag
def reset(self):
"""
Reset variables
"""
self.gate_id = {}
self.gate_start_time = {}
self.gate_duration = {}
self.gate_fidelity = {}
self.overlap_amounts = {}
self.overlap_indicator = {}
self.qubit_lifetime = {}
self.dag_overlap_set = {}
self.xtalk_overlap_set = {}
self.measured_qubits = []
self.measure_start = None
self.last_gate_on_qubit = None
self.first_gate_on_qubit = None
self.fidelity_terms = []
self.coherence_terms = []
self.model = None
def run(self, dag):
"""
Main scheduling function
"""
if not HAS_Z3:
raise TranspilerError(
'z3-solver is required to use CrosstalkAdaptiveSchedule. '
'To install, run "pip install z3-solver".')
self.dag = dag
# process input program
self.assign_gate_id(self.dag)
self.extract_dag_overlap_sets(self.dag)
self.extract_crosstalk_relevant_sets()
# setup and solve a Z3 optimization
z3_result = self.solve_optimization()
# post-process to insert barriers
new_dag = self.enforce_schedule_on_dag(z3_result)
self.reset()
return new_dag
for (r, c) in board()
]).reshape(H, W)
no_scout_threatens_another_scout = [
Implies(
is_scout[r][c],
And([
Not(is_scout[dr][dc])
for (dr, dc) in scout_moves_from[r, c]
])
)
for (r, c) in board() if (r, c) not in lakes()
]
# Clauses
s = Optimize()
s.add(no_scouts_in_lakes)
s.add(at_most_one_scout_per_segment)
s.add(no_scout_threatens_another_scout)
# Objective
num_scouts = Sum([ If(is_scout[r][c], 1, 0) for (r, c) in board() ])
max_scouts = s.maximize(num_scouts)
if s.check() == sat:
#assert s.upper(max_scouts) == 14
print("The maximum number of scouts satisfying the constraints == %s." % s.upper(max_scouts))
print(diagram(s.model()))
else:
print("Z3 failed to find a solution.")
if not l in intersects:
intersects.append(l)
# objective function
O = [Int(i) * Int(j) - 1 for (i, j) in intersects]
# constant indication how many variables wanted to change
k = 10
opt.add(Sum(X) <= 2 * k)
# print(opt.check())
# print(opt.model())
print("Begin Optimization: Maximize")
# Calculate running time
start_time = time.time()
solution = opt.maximize(And(O))
print("--- %s seconds ---" % (time.time() - start_time))
if opt.check() == sat:
while opt.check() == sat:
print(solution.value())
else:
print("Failed to solve.")
m = opt.model()
for x in street:
print(m.evaluate(x))
from z3 import Optimize, Real, If
x = Real('x')
y = Real('y')
z = Real('z')
def z3abs(obj):
return If(x > 0, x, -x)
optimizer = Optimize()
# optimizer.add(x>0.0)
# optimizer.add(y>0.0)
optimizer.add(x*x+y*y==1.0)
optimizer.add_soft(z == x+y)
optimizer.maximize(z)
result = optimizer.check()
print(optimizer.model())
print('Part 1:', inRange)
def abs(x):
return If(x >= 0, x, -x)
def manhattan3d(start, finish):
sX, sY, sZ = start
fX, fY, fZ = finish
return abs(sX - fX) + abs(sY - fY) + abs(sZ - fZ)
x = Int('x')
y = Int('y')
z = Int('z')
counts = [Int('count_' + str(i)) for i in range(len(bots))]
numInRange = Int('num')
distanceFromOrigin = Int('dist')
o = Optimize()
o.add([counts[i] == bots[i].canReachPoint(x, y, z) for i in range(len(bots))])
o.add(numInRange == sum(counts))
o.add(distanceFromOrigin == abs(x) + abs(y) + abs(z))
o.maximize(numInRange)
heuristic = o.minimize(distanceFromOrigin)
o.check()
print("Part 2:", o.lower(heuristic))
if not l in intersects:
intersects.append(l)
# objective function
O = [ Int(i)*Int(j) - 1 for (i, j) in intersects ]
# constant indication how many variables wanted to change
k = 10
opt.add( Sum(X) <= 2*k )
# print(opt.check())
# print(opt.model())
print("Begin Optimization: Maximize")
# Calculate running time
start_time = time.time()
solution = opt.maximize( And(O) )
print("--- %s seconds ---" % (time.time() - start_time))
if opt.check() == sat:
while opt.check() == sat:
print(solution.value())
else:
print("Failed to solve.")
m = opt.model()
for x in street:
print( m.evaluate(x) )
with open('../input/23.txt') as f:
nanobots = [list(map(int, re.findall(r'-?\d+', line))) for line in f]
x, y, z, r = max(nanobots, key=lambda x: x[-1])
print(sum(
abs(x - a) + abs(y - b) + abs(z - c) <= r for a, b, c, _ in nanobots))
from z3 import Int, If, Optimize
def Abs(x):
return If(x >= 0, x, -x)
def Dist(x, y, z, a, b, c):
return Abs(x - a) + Abs(y - b) + Abs(z - c)
X = x, y, z = Int('x'), Int('y'), Int('z')
cost = Int('cost')
constraint = x * 0
for *Y, r in nanobots:
constraint += If(Dist(*X, *Y) <= r, 1, 0)
opt = Optimize()
opt.add(cost == constraint)
h1 = opt.maximize(cost)
h2 = opt.minimize(Dist(*(0, 0, 0), *X))
opt.check()
print(opt.lower(h2))
def solve(self, output_mode=None, output_file_name=None):
objective_name = self.objective_name
device = self.device
list_gate_qubits = self.list_gate_qubits
count_program_qubit = self.count_program_qubit
list_gate_name = self.list_gate_name
count_physical_qubit = self.count_physical_qubit
list_qubit_edge = self.list_qubit_edge
swap_duration = self.swap_duration
bound_depth = self.bound_depth
"""
pre-processing
"""
count_qubit_edge = len(list_qubit_edge)
count_gate = len(list_gate_qubits)
if self.objective_name == "fidelity":
list_logfidelity_single = [
int(1000 * math.log(device.list_fidelity_single[n]))
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)
]
list_logfidelity_two = [
int(1000 * math.log(device.list_fidelity_two[k]))
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)
]
list_logfidelity_measure = [
int(1000 * math.log(device.list_fidelity_measure[n]))
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)
]
list_gate_two = list()
list_gate_single = list()
for l in range(count_gate):
if isinstance(list_gate_qubits[l], int):
list_gate_single.append(l)
else:
list_gate_two.append(l)
# list_adjacency_qubit takes in a physical qubit index _p_, and returns the list of indices of
# physical qubits adjacent to _p_
list_adjacent_qubit = list()
# list_span_edge takes in a physical qubit index _p_, and returns the list of edges spanned from _p_
list_span_edge = list()
for n in range(count_physical_qubit):
list_adjacent_qubit.append(list())
list_span_edge.append(list())
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
list_adjacent_qubit[list_qubit_edge[k][0]].append(
list_qubit_edge[k][1])
list_adjacent_qubit[list_qubit_edge[k][1]].append(
list_qubit_edge[k][0])
list_span_edge[list_qubit_edge[k][0]].append(k)
list_span_edge[list_qubit_edge[k][1]].append(k)
# if_overlap_edge takes in two edge indices _e_ and _e'_, and returns whether or not they overlap
if_overlap_edge = [[0] * count_qubit_edge
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)]
# list_over_lap_edge takes in an edge index _e_, and returns the list of edges that overlap with _e_
list_overlap_edge = list()
# list_count_overlap_edge is the list of lengths of overlap edge lists of all the _e_
list_count_overlap_edge = list()
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
list_overlap_edge.append(list())
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for kk in range(k + 1, count_qubit_edge):
if (list_qubit_edge[k][0] == list_qubit_edge[kk][0]
or list_qubit_edge[k][0] == list_qubit_edge[kk][1]) \
or (list_qubit_edge[k][1] == list_qubit_edge[kk][0]
or list_qubit_edge[k][1] == list_qubit_edge[kk][1]):
list_overlap_edge[k].append(kk)
list_overlap_edge[kk].append(k)
if_overlap_edge[kk][k] = 1
if_overlap_edge[k][kk] = 1
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
list_count_overlap_edge.append(len(list_overlap_edge[k]))
# list_gate_dependency is the list of dependency, pairs of gate indices (_l_, _l'_), where _l_<_l'_
# _l_ and _ll_ act on a same program qubit
list_gate_dependency = collision_extracting(list_gate_qubits)
# index function: it takes two physical qubit indices _p_ and _p'_,
# and returns the index of the edge between _p_ and _p'_, if there is one
map_edge_index = [[0] * count_physical_qubit] * count_physical_qubit
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
map_edge_index[list_qubit_edge[k][0]][list_qubit_edge[k][1]] = k
map_edge_index[list_qubit_edge[k][1]][list_qubit_edge[k][0]] = k
not_solved = True
while not_solved:
print("Trying maximal depth = {}...".format(bound_depth))
"""
variables
"""
# at cycle t, logical qubit q is mapped to pi[q][t]
pi = [[
Int("map_q{}_t{}".format(i, j)) for j in range(bound_depth)
] for i in range(count_program_qubit)]
# time coordinate for gate l is time[l]
time = IntVector('time', count_gate)
# space coordinate for gate l is space[l]
space = IntVector('space', count_gate)
# if at cycle t, there is a SWAP finishing on edge k, then sigma[k][t]=1
sigma = [[
Bool("ifswap_e{}_t{}".format(i, j)) for j in range(bound_depth)
] for i in range(count_qubit_edge)]
# for depth optimization
depth = Int('depth')
# for swap optimization
count_swap = Int('num_swap')
# for fidelity optimization
if objective_name == "fidelity":
u = [
Int("num_1qbg_p{}".format(n))
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)
]
v = [
Int("num_2qbg_e{}".format(k))
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)
]
vv = [
Int("num_swap_e{}".format(k))
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)
]
w = [
Int("num_meas_p{}".format(n))
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)
]
fidelity = Int('log_fidelity')
lsqc = Optimize()
"""
Constraints
"""
for t in range(bound_depth):
for m in range(count_program_qubit):
lsqc.add(pi[m][t] >= 0, pi[m][t] < count_physical_qubit)
for mm in range(m):
lsqc.add(pi[m][t] != pi[mm][t])
for l in range(count_gate):
lsqc.add(time[l] >= 0, time[l] < bound_depth)
if l in list_gate_single:
lsqc.add(space[l] >= 0, space[l] < count_physical_qubit)
for t in range(bound_depth):
lsqc.add(
Implies(time[l] == t,
pi[list_gate_qubits[l]][t] == space[l]))
elif l in list_gate_two:
lsqc.add(space[l] >= 0, space[l] < count_qubit_edge)
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for t in range(bound_depth):
lsqc.add(
Implies(
And(time[l] == t, space[l] == k),
Or(
And(
list_qubit_edge[k][0] == pi[
list_gate_qubits[l][0]][t],
list_qubit_edge[k][1] == pi[
list_gate_qubits[l][1]][t]),
And(
list_qubit_edge[k][1] == pi[
list_gate_qubits[l][0]][t],
list_qubit_edge[k][0] == pi[
list_gate_qubits[l][1]][t]))))
for d in list_gate_dependency:
if self.if_transition_based == True:
lsqc.add(time[d[0]] <= time[d[1]])
else:
lsqc.add(time[d[0]] < time[d[1]])
for t in range(min(swap_duration - 1, bound_depth)):
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
lsqc.add(sigma[k][t] == False)
for t in range(swap_duration - 1, bound_depth):
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for tt in range(t - swap_duration + 1, t):
lsqc.add(
Implies(sigma[k][t] == True,
sigma[k][tt] == False))
for tt in range(t - swap_duration + 1, t + 1):
for kk in list_overlap_edge[k]:
lsqc.add(
Implies(sigma[k][t] == True,
sigma[kk][tt] == False))
if self.if_transition_based == False:
for t in range(swap_duration - 1, bound_depth):
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for tt in range(t - swap_duration + 1, t + 1):
for l in range(count_gate):
if l in list_gate_single:
lsqc.add(
Implies(
And(
time[l] == tt,
Or(
space[l] ==
list_qubit_edge[k][0],
space[l] ==
list_qubit_edge[k][1])),
sigma[k][t] == False))
elif l in list_gate_two:
lsqc.add(
Implies(
And(time[l] == tt, space[l] == k),
sigma[k][t] == False))
for kk in list_overlap_edge[k]:
lsqc.add(
Implies(
And(time[l] == tt,
space[l] == kk),
sigma[k][t] == False))
for t in range(bound_depth - 1):
for n in range(count_physical_qubit):
for m in range(count_program_qubit):
lsqc.add(
Implies(
And(
sum([
If(sigma[k][t], 1, 0)
for k in list_span_edge[n]
]) == 0, pi[m][t] == n),
pi[m][t + 1] == n))
for t in range(bound_depth - 1):
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for m in range(count_program_qubit):
lsqc.add(
Implies(
And(sigma[k][t] == True,
pi[m][t] == list_qubit_edge[k][0]),
pi[m][t + 1] == list_qubit_edge[k][1]))
lsqc.add(
Implies(
And(sigma[k][t] == True,
pi[m][t] == list_qubit_edge[k][1]),
pi[m][t + 1] == list_qubit_edge[k][0]))
lsqc.add(count_swap == sum([
If(sigma[k][t], 1, 0) for k in range(count_qubit_edge)
for t in range(bound_depth)
]))
# for depth optimization
for l in range(count_gate):
lsqc.add(depth >= time[l] + 1)
if objective_name == "swap":
lsqc.minimize(count_swap)
elif objective_name == "depth":
lsqc.minimize(depth)
elif objective_name == "fidelity":
for n in range(count_physical_qubit):
lsqc.add(u[n] == sum(
[If(space[l] == n, 1, 0) for l in list_gate_single]))
lsqc.add(w[n] == sum([
If(pi[m][bound_depth - 1] == n, 1, 0)
for m in range(count_program_qubit)
]))
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
lsqc.add(v[k] == sum(
[If(space[l] == k, 1, 0) for l in list_gate_two]))
lsqc.add(vv[k] == sum(
[If(sigma[k][t], 1, 0) for t in range(bound_depth)]))
lsqc.add(fidelity == sum([
v[k] * list_logfidelity_two[k]
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)
]) + sum([
swap_duration * vv[k] * list_logfidelity_two[k]
for k in range(count_qubit_edge)
]) + sum([
w[n] * list_logfidelity_measure[n]
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)
]) + sum([
u[n] * list_logfidelity_single[n]
for n in range(count_physical_qubit)
]))
lsqc.maximize(fidelity)
else:
raise Exception("Invalid Objective Name")
satisfiable = lsqc.check()
if satisfiable == sat:
not_solved = False
else:
if self.if_transition_based == True:
bound_depth += 1
else:
bound_depth = int(1.3 * bound_depth)
# print("Compilation time = {}s.".format(sys_time.time() - start_time))
model = lsqc.model()
"""
post-processing
"""
result_time = []
result_depth = model[depth].as_long()
for l in range(count_gate):
result_time.append(model[time[l]].as_long())
list_result_swap = []
for k in range(count_qubit_edge):
for t in range(result_depth):
if model[sigma[k][t]]:
list_result_swap.append((k, t))
# transition based
if self.if_transition_based:
self.swap_duration = self.device.swap_duration
map_to_block = dict()
real_time = [0 for i in range(count_gate)]
list_depth_on_qubit = [-1 for i in range(self.count_program_qubit)]
list_real_swap = []
for block in range(result_depth):
for tmp_gate in range(count_gate):
if result_time[tmp_gate] == block:
qubits = list_gate_qubits[tmp_gate]
if isinstance(qubits, int):
real_time[
tmp_gate] = list_depth_on_qubit[qubits] + 1
list_depth_on_qubit[qubits] = real_time[tmp_gate]
map_to_block[real_time[tmp_gate]] = block
else:
real_time[tmp_gate] = list_depth_on_qubit[
qubits[0]] + 1
if real_time[tmp_gate] < list_depth_on_qubit[
qubits[1]] + 1:
real_time[tmp_gate] = list_depth_on_qubit[
qubits[1]] + 1
list_depth_on_qubit[
qubits[0]] = real_time[tmp_gate]
list_depth_on_qubit[
qubits[1]] = real_time[tmp_gate]
map_to_block[real_time[tmp_gate]] = block
if block < result_depth - 1:
for (k, t) in list_result_swap:
if t == block:
q0 = list_qubit_edge[k][0]
q1 = list_qubit_edge[k][1]
tmp_time = list_depth_on_qubit[
q0] + self.swap_duration
if tmp_time < list_depth_on_qubit[
q1] + self.swap_duration:
tmp_time = list_depth_on_qubit[
q1] + self.swap_duration
list_depth_on_qubit[q0] = tmp_time
list_depth_on_qubit[q1] = tmp_time
list_real_swap.append((k, tmp_time))
result_time = real_time
real_depth = 0
for tmp_depth in list_depth_on_qubit:
if real_depth < tmp_depth + 1:
real_depth = tmp_depth + 1
result_depth = real_depth
list_result_swap = list_real_swap
if objective_name == "fidelity":
log_fidelity = model[fidelity].as_long()
print("result fidelity = {}".format(math.exp(log_fidelity /
1000.0)))
elif objective_name == "swap":
print("result additional SWAP count = {}.".format(
len(list_result_swap)))
else:
print("result circuit depth = {}.".format(result_depth))
list_scheduled_gate_qubits = [[] for i in range(result_depth)]
list_scheduled_gate_name = [[] for i in range(result_depth)]
result_depth = 0
for l in range(count_gate):
t = result_time[l]
if result_depth < t + 1:
result_depth = t + 1
list_scheduled_gate_name[t].append(list_gate_name[l])
if l in list_gate_single:
q = model[space[l]].as_long()
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t].append(q)
elif l in list_gate_two:
[q0, q1] = list_gate_qubits[l]
tmp_t = t
if self.if_transition_based:
tmp_t = map_to_block[t]
q0 = model[pi[q0][tmp_t]].as_long()
q1 = model[pi[q1][tmp_t]].as_long()
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t].append([q0, q1])
else:
raise Exception("Expect single- or two-qubit gate.")
final_mapping = []
for m in range(count_program_qubit):
tmp_depth = result_depth - 1
if self.if_transition_based:
tmp_depth = map_to_block[result_depth - 1]
final_mapping.append(model[pi[m][tmp_depth]].as_long())
# print("logical qubit {} is mapped to node {} in the beginning, node {} at the end".format(
# m, model[pi[m][0]], model[pi[m][result_depth - 1]]))
for (k, t) in list_result_swap:
q0 = list_qubit_edge[k][0]
q1 = list_qubit_edge[k][1]
if self.swap_duration == 1:
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t].append([q0, q1])
list_scheduled_gate_name[t].append("SWAP")
elif self.swap_duration == 3:
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t].append([q0, q1])
list_scheduled_gate_name[t].append("cx")
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t - 1].append([q1, q0])
list_scheduled_gate_name[t - 1].append("cx")
list_scheduled_gate_qubits[t - 2].append([q0, q1])
list_scheduled_gate_name[t - 2].append("cx")
else:
raise Exception(
"Expect SWAP duration one, or three (decomposed into CX gates)"
)
if output_mode == "IR":
if output_file_name:
output_file = open(output_file_name, 'w')
output_file.writelines([
result_depth, list_scheduled_gate_name,
list_scheduled_gate_qubits, final_mapping
])
return [
result_depth, list_scheduled_gate_name,
list_scheduled_gate_qubits, final_mapping
]
else:
return output_qasm(self.device, result_depth,
list_scheduled_gate_name,
list_scheduled_gate_qubits, final_mapping, True,
output_file_name)
return If(x >= 0, x, -x)
def z3_dist(v1, v2):
return z3_abs(v1.x - v2.x) + z3_abs(v1.y - v2.y) + z3_abs(v1.z - v2.z)
x = Int('x')
y = Int('y')
z = Int('z')
orig = (x, y, z)
cost = Int('cost')
cost_expr = 0
for bot in bots:
cost_expr += If(z3_dist(Vector3(*orig), bot.pos) <= bot.r, 1, 0)
opt = Optimize()
print("let's go")
opt.add(cost == cost_expr)
opt.maximize(cost)
opt.minimize(z3_dist(Vector3(0, 0, 0), Vector3(x, y, z)))
opt.check()
model = opt.model()
print(model)
pos = (model[x].as_long(), model[y].as_long(), model[z].as_long())
print("position:", pos)
print("num in range:", model[cost].as_long())
print("distance:", l1(Vector3(0, 0, 0), Vector3(*pos)))