def UCS(initial_state):
'''Uniform Cost Search. This is the actual algorithm.'''
global g, COUNT, BACKLINKS, MAX_OPEN_LENGTH, CLOSED, TOTAL_COST
CLOSED = []
BACKLINKS[initial_state] = None
# The "Step" comments below help relate UCS's implementation to
# those of Depth-First Search and Breadth-First Search.
# STEP 1a. Put the start state on a priority queue called OPEN
OPEN = PriorityQueue()
OPEN.insert(initial_state, 0)
# STEP 1b. Assign g=0 to the start state.
g[initial_state] = 0.0
cost_so_far = g[initial_state]
# STEP 2. If OPEN is empty, output “DONE” and stop.
# while False: # ***STUDENTS CHANGE THIS CONDITION***
while OPEN != []:
# LEAVE THE FOLLOWING CODE IN PLACE TO INSTRUMENT AND/OR DEBUG YOUR IMPLEMENTATION
if VERBOSE: report(OPEN, CLOSED, COUNT)
if len(OPEN) > MAX_OPEN_LENGTH: MAX_OPEN_LENGTH = len(OPEN)
# STEP 3. Select the state on OPEN having lowest priority value and call it S.
# Delete S from OPEN.
# Put S on CLOSED.
# If S is a goal state, output its description
(S, P) = OPEN.delete_min()
cost_so_far += P
g[S] = cost_so_far
# print(f"currently at {S.name} ")
# print(f"cost from {initial_state.name} to {S.name} = {cost_so_far}")
# print("In Step 3, returned from OPEN.delete_min with results (S,P)= \n", (str(S), P))
# print("BACKLINKS = ")
# for state in BACKLINKS.keys():
# print("parent = " + str(BACKLINKS.get(state)) + ", child = " + str(state))
CLOSED.append(S)
if Problem.GOAL_TEST(S):
print("\n" + Problem.GOAL_MESSAGE_FUNCTION(S) + "\n")
# handling backtracing
SOLUTION_PATH = [str(s)
for s in backtrace(S)] # should return a list
print(f"Solution path = {SOLUTION_PATH}")
print('Length of solution path found: ' +
str(len(SOLUTION_PATH) - 1) + ' edges')
# handling total cost
TOTAL_COST = g[S]
print("TOTAL_COST = " + str(TOTAL_COST))
return
COUNT += 1
print("EXPANDING = ", S.name)
# STEP 4. Generate each successor of S
# and if it is already on CLOSED, delete the new instance.
successors = []
for op in Problem.OPERATORS:
if op.precond(S):
new_state = op.state_transf(S)
priority = cost_so_far + new_state.edge_distance(S)
# if successor is not on CLOSED and OPEN, add to successors
if not (new_state in CLOSED) and not (new_state in OPEN):
successors.append((new_state, priority))
BACKLINKS[new_state] = S
else:
if new_state in OPEN:
if OPEN[new_state] > priority:
OPEN.__delitem__(new_state)
OPEN.insert(new_state, priority)
# print(f"PREVIOUS BACKLINK FOR {new_state} = {BACKLINKS[new_state].name}")
BACKLINKS[new_state] = S
# print(f"UPDATING BACKLINK FOR {new_state} = {BACKLINKS[new_state].name}")
# print(f"UPDATING PRIORITY FOR {new_state} = {OPEN[new_state]}")
elif new_state in CLOSED:
# If sj occurs on CLOSED, and its new distance is smaller than its old distance,
# then it is taken off of CLOSED, put back on OPEN, but with the new, smaller distance.
for item in CLOSED:
if item == new_state:
old_distance = g[item]
if old_distance > priority:
CLOSED.remove(item)
# print(f"STATE {new_state} IS ON CLOSED.")
# print(f"OLD DISTANCE = {old_distance} vs NEW DISTANCE = {new_distance}")
# print(f"CURRENT CLOSED = {str(CLOSED)}")
OPEN.insert(new_state, priority)
BACKLINKS[new_state] = S
for (s, p) in successors:
OPEN.insert(s, p)
print_state_queue("OPEN", OPEN)
# print("CLOSED: [ ", end="")
# for state in CLOSED:
# print(state.name, end=" ")
# print("]")
cost_so_far -= P # reset cost_so_far to current shortest path
# STEP 6. Go to Step 2.
return None # No more states on OPEN, and no goal reached.
def AStar(initial_state):
global g, COUNT, BACKLINKS, MAX_OPEN_LENGTH, CLOSED, TOTAL_COST
CLOSED = []
BACKLINKS[initial_state] = None
# Put the start state on a priority queue called OPEN
OPEN = PriorityQueue()
g[initial_state] = 0.0
f = g[initial_state] + h(initial_state)
print("INITIAL STATE HAS F VALUE OF " + str(f))
OPEN.insert(initial_state, f)
while OPEN != []:
if VERBOSE:
report(OPEN, CLOSED, COUNT)
if len(OPEN) > MAX_OPEN_LENGTH:
MAX_OPEN_LENGTH = len(OPEN)
# STEP 3. Select the state on OPEN having lowest priority value and call it S.
# Delete S from OPEN.
# Put S on CLOSED.
# If S is a goal state, output its description
(S, P) = OPEN.delete_min()
# P is the cost from starting state to S
# print(f"S IS {S.name}")
# print(f"G[S] IS {g[S]} WHICH REFLECTS THE COST TO GET FROM {initial_state.name} TO S")
# print(f"H[S] IS {h(S)}")
# print(f"F[S] IS {P}")
# print(f"THE PRIORITY FOR S IS {P} WHICH REFLECTS THE COST TO GET FROM {initial_state.name} TO GOAL")
# print("In Step 3, returned from OPEN.delete_min with results (S,P)= ", (str(S), P))
# print("BACKLINKS = ")
# for state in BACKLINKS.keys():
# print("parent = " + str(BACKLINKS.get(state)) + ", child = " + str(state))
# CLOSED.append((S, P))
CLOSED.append(S)
if Problem.GOAL_TEST(S):
print("\n" + Problem.GOAL_MESSAGE_FUNCTION(S) + "\n")
# handling backtracing
SOLUTION_PATH = [str(s)
for s in backtrace(S)] # should return a list
print(f"Solution path = {SOLUTION_PATH}")
print('Length of solution path found: ' +
str(len(SOLUTION_PATH) - 1) + ' edges')
# handling total cost
TOTAL_COST = P
print("TOTAL_COST = " + str(TOTAL_COST))
return
COUNT += 1
# STEP 4. Generate each successor of S
# and if it is already on CLOSED, delete the new instance.
successors = []
for op in Problem.OPERATORS:
if op.precond(S):
new_state = op.state_transf(S)
# h(curr_state) = an estimate of the distance between curr_state and GOAL
temp_g = g[S] + new_state.edge_distance(S)
# f = g[new_state] + h(new_state)
f = temp_g + h(new_state)
# pair at hand
# (new_state, f[new_state])
# print(f"\tCHILD OF {S.name} = {new_state}; THE COST TO GET FROM INITIAL {initial_state} TO GOAL THROUGH "
# f"{new_state.name} IS g=g[old]={g[S]} + actual edge weight={new_state.edge_distance(S)} + h={h(new_state)} = f={f[new_state]}")
successors.append((new_state, f))
# print(f"\tCHILD OF {S.name} = {new_state.name} POINTS TO PARENT NODE {S.name}")
# if there is new_state on CLOSED (for any priority q):
# for i in range(len(CLOSED)):
for closed_state in CLOSED:
# closed_state = CLOSED[i][0]
# q = CLOSED[i][1]
# closed_state = CLOSED[i]
q = g[closed_state] + h(closed_state)
if new_state == closed_state:
if f > q:
successors.remove((new_state, f))
# print(f"\tREMOVED FROM SUCCESSOR... {new_state.name}'s priority in CLOSED and is more expensive than q")
# if f(new_state) is smaller than or equal to q, then remove [s', q] from CLOSED.
# if f[new_state] <= q:
if f <= q:
CLOSED.remove(new_state)
BACKLINKS[new_state] = S
g[new_state] = temp_g
# print(f"\tREMOVED FROM CLOSED... {new_state.name}'s priority in CLOSED and is smaller than or equal to q")
# print(f"\tCLOSED =", end="")
# for state in CLOSED:
# print(f"({state}), ", end="")
# print("\n")
# if there is new_state on OPEN (for any priority q):
if new_state in OPEN:
q = OPEN[new_state]
# if f(new_state) is more expensive than q, then remove[s, f(s')] from successors.
# if f[new_state] > q:
if f > q:
successors.remove((new_state, f))
# print(f"\tREMOVED FROM SUCCESSOR... {new_state.name}'s priority in OPEN and is more expensive than q")
# if f(new_state) is less expensive or equal to q, then remove [s', q] from OPEN.
# if f[new_state] <= q:
if f <= q:
OPEN.__delitem__(new_state)
# BACKLINKS[new_state] = S
g[new_state] = temp_g
BACKLINKS[new_state] = S
# print(f"\tREMOVED FROM OPEN... {new_state.name}'s priority in OPEN and is smaller than or equal to q")
# print(f"\tNEW PARENT NODE FOR {new_state.name} = {BACKLINKS[new_state].name}")
if new_state not in CLOSED and OPEN.__contains__(
new_state) is False:
g[new_state] = temp_g
BACKLINKS[new_state] = S
print()
for (s, p) in successors:
OPEN.insert(s, p)
# BACKLINKS[s] = S
print_state_queue("OPEN", OPEN)
# print("CLOSED: [ ", end="")
# for (state, priority) in CLOSED:
# print(f"({state.name}, {priority})", end=" ")
# print("]")
# cost_so_far -= P # reset cost_so_far to current shortest path
# STEP 6. Go to Step 2.
return None # No more states on OPEN, and no goal reached.