예제 #1
0
파일: motors.py 프로젝트: haum/TK-RX13
def left_speed(speed):
    if speed <0:
        PWM.clear_channel_gpio(DMA_LEFT, LEFT_FORWARD)
        set_motor_speed(DMA_LEFT, LEFT_BACKWARD, -speed)
    else:
        PWM.clear_channel_gpio(DMA_LEFT, LEFT_BACKWARD)
        set_motor_speed(DMA_LEFT, LEFT_FORWARD, speed)
예제 #2
0
    def __init__(self, min_speed=50.0, flipLeft=False, flipRight=False):
        PWM.set_loglevel(PWM.LOG_LEVEL_ERRORS)
        # each motor will use seperate dma channel (not sure if completely necessary)
        self.left_servo  = PWM.Servo(dma_channel=0,
                                     subcycle_time_us=self.SUBCYCLE_TIME)
        self.right_servo = PWM.Servo(dma_channel=1,
                                     subcycle_time_us=self.SUBCYCLE_TIME)

        # RPIO.PWM module uses BCM GPIO numbering
        self._gpio_lf = 24 # left forward
        self._gpio_lr = 23 # left rear
        self._gpio_rf = 22 # right forward
        self._gpio_rr = 27 # right rear

        # Holder for last commanded speed per motor
        self.left_speed  = 0
        self.right_speed = 0

        self.slope = math.floor(self.SUBCYCLE_TIME * (1 - min_speed/100.0) / 100.0)
        self.offset = math.floor(self.SUBCYCLE_TIME * min_speed / 100.0)

        if flipLeft:
            self.flipLeftMotor()
        if flipRight:
            self.flipRightMotor()
예제 #3
0
파일: motors.py 프로젝트: haum/TK-RX13
def right_speed(speed):
    if speed <0:
        PWM.clear_channel_gpio(DMA_RIGHT, RIGHT_FORWARD)
        set_motor_speed(DMA_RIGHT, RIGHT_BACKWARD, -speed)
    else:
        PWM.clear_channel_gpio(DMA_RIGHT, RIGHT_BACKWARD)
        set_motor_speed(DMA_RIGHT, RIGHT_FORWARD, speed)
예제 #4
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파일: motor.py 프로젝트: haomen/rbot
 def setMotor(self,channel,speed):
     if(channel=='A'):
         print "set channel A PWM to "+str(speed);
         PWM.add_channel_pulse(self.A_CHANNEL,self.AENBL_Pin,0,speed);
     if(channel=='B'):
         print "set channel B PWM to "+str(speed);
         PWM.add_channel_pulse(self.B_CHANNEL,self.BENBL_Pin,0,speed);
예제 #5
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 def __init__(self, xin1, xin2, channels):
     self.xin1 = xin1
     self.xin2 = xin2
     self.channel1 = channels[0]
     self.channel2 = channels[1]
     PWM.init_channel(self.channel1)
     PWM.init_channel(self.channel2)
예제 #6
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def send_signal(signal):
  for x in range(1,1000,5): 
    pwm.add_channel_pulse(0, IO_PIN, x ,3)
  time.sleep(SIGNAL_LENGTHS[signal])
  pwm.clear_channel_gpio(0, IO_PIN)
  if DEBUG:
    sys.stdout.write(signal)
    sys.stdout.flush()
예제 #7
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파일: buzzer.py 프로젝트: alyf80/goopy
    def beep(self, t=T_MED, duration=D_MED):

        for x in range(0, self._range, t * 2):
            PWM.add_channel_pulse(self._channel, self._pin, x, t)

        sleep(duration)

        PWM.clear_channel(self._channel)
예제 #8
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파일: motor.py 프로젝트: schmidma/PiCopter
	def __init__(self, pin, minW = 0, maxW = 100):
		PWM.set_loglevel(PWM.LOG_LEVEL_ERRORS)
		
		self.__pin = pin
		self.__minW = minW
		self.__maxW = maxW
		self.__servo = PWM.Servo()
		self.__W = 0
예제 #9
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	def update(self, spin_rate):
		self.current_pulse_width = int(self.min_pulse_width + spin_rate)

		if self.current_pulse_width < self.min_pulse_width:
			self.current_pulse_width = self.min_pulse_width
		if self.current_pulse_width > self.max_pulse_width:
			self.current_pulse_width = self.max_pulse_width

		PWM.add_channel_pulse(RPIO_DMA_CHANNEL, self.bcm_pin, 0, self.current_pulse_width)
예제 #10
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 def __enter__(self):
     PWM.set_loglevel(PWM.LOG_LEVEL_ERRORS)
     GPIO.setup(self._gpios['solenoid'], GPIO.OUT)
     GPIO.setup(self._gpios['echo_trigger'], GPIO.OUT)
     GPIO.setup(self._gpios['echo'], GPIO.IN)
     self._i2c_bus = SMBus()
     self._i2c_bus.open(Monster.I2C_BUS_NUM)
     self.close_door()
     return self
예제 #11
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def configureRPIO():
    PWM.set_loglevel(PWM.LOG_LEVEL_ERRORS)
    RPIO.setwarnings(False)
    RPIO.setup(R, RPIO.OUT)
    RPIO.setup(A, RPIO.OUT)
    RPIO.setup(G, RPIO.OUT)
    RPIO.output(R, False)
    RPIO.output(A, False)
    RPIO.output(G, False)
예제 #12
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파일: motor.py 프로젝트: haomen/rbot
 def stopMotor(self,channel):
     if(channel=='A'):
         print "stop channel A"
         self.setDirection('A',0);
         PWM.add_channel_pulse(self.A_CHANNEL,self.AENBL_Pin,0,0);
     if(channel=='B'):
         print "stop channel B"
         self.setDirection('B',0);
         PWM.add_channel_pulse(self.B_CHANNEL,self.BENBL_Pin,0,0);
예제 #13
0
def note(value, pin):
    #PWM.setup()
    #PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0, pin)
    print "siren", value
    #TODO - Add mapping between midi value and PWM speed

    PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, pin, 0, value)
    sleep(0.5)
    PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0, pin)
예제 #14
0
파일: lcd.py 프로젝트: petli/codplayer
    def __init__(self):
        from RPIO import PWM
        # Defaults for PWM.Servo, but we need to work with them
        self._subcycle_time_us = 20000
        self._pulse_incr_us = 10

        PWM.set_loglevel(PWM.LOG_LEVEL_ERRORS)
        self._servo = PWM.Servo(
            subcycle_time_us = self._subcycle_time_us,
            pulse_incr_us = self._pulse_incr_us)
예제 #15
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def updatecolor (led_int, led_red, led_green, led_blue):
    time.sleep(1)
    PWM.clear_channel(0)
    print('Set color using MOOD %1d: Intensity: %1d | Red: %1d | Green: %1d | Blue: %1d' % (mood, led_int, led_red, led_green, led_blue))
    time.sleep(1)
    PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, LI_PIN, 0, led_int)
    PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, LR_PIN, 0, led_red)
    PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, LG_PIN, 0, led_green)
    PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, LB_PIN, 0, led_blue)
    return
예제 #16
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def set_speed(pin, chan, speed, speed_0):

    pulse_inc = PWM.get_pulse_incr_us()
    cycle_dur = PWM.get_channel_subcycle_time_us(chan)
    num_pulses = int(cycle_dur * speed / pulse_inc)

    if speed >= 0.99:
        num_pulses -= 1

    PWM.add_channel_pulse(chan, pin, 0, num_pulses)
예제 #17
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def to_bottom():
        global pos_y
	global step
        read_pos()
        pos_y = int(pos_y) + int(step)
        pos = open(pos_file_y,"w")
        pos.write(str(pos_y))
        pos.close()
        PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, 4, 0, pos_y)
	sleep(1)
예제 #18
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def to_left():
        global pos_x
	global step
        read_pos()
        pos_x = int(pos_x) + int(step)
        pos = open(pos_file_x,"w")
        pos.write(str(pos_x))
        pos.close()
        PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, 22, 0, pos_x)
	sleep(1)
예제 #19
0
	def __init__(self, pin, location, rotation, name):

		#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		# The GPIO BCM numbered pin providing PWM signal for this ESC
		#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		self.bcm_pin = pin

		#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		# The location on the quad, and the direction of the motor controlled by this ESC
		#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		self.motor_location = location
		self.motor_rotation = rotation

		#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		# The PWM pulse width range required by this ESC in microseconds
		#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		self.min_pulse_width = 1000
		self.max_pulse_width = 2000

		#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		# The PWM pulse range required by this ESC
		#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		self.current_pulse_width = self.min_pulse_width
		self.name = name

		#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		# Initialize the RPIO DMA PWM
		#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
		if not PWM.is_setup():
			PWM.set_loglevel(PWM.LOG_LEVEL_ERRORS)
			PWM.setup(1)    # 1us increment
			PWM.init_channel(RPIO_DMA_CHANNEL, 3000) # 3ms carrier period
		PWM.add_channel_pulse(RPIO_DMA_CHANNEL, self.bcm_pin, 0, self.current_pulse_width)
예제 #20
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    def __init__(self, gpioPin):

        # RPIO PWM initalization
        if PWM.is_setup() == 0:
            PWM.setup(pulse_incr_us=self.pulseIncrementUs)

        self.gpioPin = gpioPin
        self.dutyCycle = self.initialpulsewidth
        self.pwmChannel = self.getFreePwmChannel()

        PWM.init_channel(self.pwmChannel, subcycle_time_us=self.subCycleTime)
예제 #21
0
파일: motor.py 프로젝트: haomen/rbot
    def initMotor(self):
        RPIO.setup(self.MODE_Pin,RPIO.OUT,initial=RPIO.HIGH);    #select PWM Mode;
        PWM.setup();                                             #initialize channel 0 and 1 for motor A and B
        PWM.init_channel(self.A_CHANNEL);
        PWM.init_channel(self.B_CHANNEL);

        RPIO.setup(self.APHASE_Pin,RPIO.OUT,initial=RPIO.LOW);   #default A to fwd direction
        PWM.add_channel_pulse(self.A_CHANNEL,self.AENBL_Pin,0,0);#default A to channel 0 and speed 0

        RPIO.setup(self.BPHASE_Pin,RPIO.OUT,initial=RPIO.LOW);   #default B to fwd direction
        PWM.add_channel_pulse(self.B_CHANNEL,self.BENBL_Pin,0,0);#default B to channel 1 and speed 0
예제 #22
0
파일: Control.py 프로젝트: SBTMLab/RCCar
	def setspeed():
		RPIO.output(dcen, False)

		if (Control.Speed < 0 ) :
			RPIO.output(dcdr, True)
			spd = - Control.Speed
		else:
			RPIO.output(dcdr, False)
			spd = Control.Speed	

		PWM.add_channel_pulse(3, 10, 0, spd)
예제 #23
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def main():
  servo = PWM.Servo()
  time.sleep(0.2)
  
  init(servo)

  move(servo, 0) 
  move(servo, 180)
  move(servo, 0)

  PWM.cleanup()
예제 #24
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    def initialize(self):
        # Setup PWM if backlight is defined
        if self.__backlight:
            PWM.setup()
            PWM.init_channel(0)
            self.enableBacklight()

        # Setup rs, enable and rw pins
        GPIO.setup(self.__rs, GPIO.OUT)
        GPIO.setup(self.__enable, GPIO.OUT)
        if self.__rw:
            GPIO.setup(self.__rw, GPIO.OUT)
예제 #25
0
    def setSpeed(self, speed):
        speed = int(speed / 100.0 * MAX_SPEED + 0.5)
        if speed < 0:
            speed = -speed
            dir_value = 1
        else:
            dir_value = 0

        if speed > MAX_SPEED:
            speed = MAX_SPEED

        PWM.add_channel_pulse(self.channel1, self.xin1, 0, dir_value * speed)
        PWM.add_channel_pulse(self.channel2, self.xin2, 0, (1 - dir_value) * speed)
예제 #26
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def P1():	# Process 1 controlles Tilt servo using same logic as above
	speed = .1
	PitchCP = initpitch - 1
	PitchDP = initpitch

	while True:
		time.sleep(speed)
		if PitchCPQ.empty():
			PitchCPQ.put(Pitch)
		if not PitchDPQ.empty():
			PitchDP = PitchDPQ.get()
		if not PitchSQ.empty():
			PitchS = PitchSQ.get()
			speed = .1 / PitchS
		if PitchCP < PitchDP:
			PitchCP += 1
			PitchCPQ.put(PitchCP)
			PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0, Pitch)
			PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, Pitch, 0,PitchCP)
			if not PitchCPQ.empty():
				trash = PitchCPQ.get()
		if PitchCP > PitchDP:
			PitchCP -= 1
			PitchCPQ.put(PitchCP)
			PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0, Pitch)
			PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, Pitch, 0, PitchCP)
			if not PitchCPQ.empty():
				trash = PitchCPQ.get()
		if PitchCP == PitchDP:
			PitchS = 1
예제 #27
0
파일: esc.py 프로젝트: jcert/t_controller
    def setW(self, W):
        "Checks W% is between limits than sets it"
	import RPIO.PWM as PWM
        PW = 0
        self.__W = W
        if self.__W < self.__WMin:
            self.__W = self.__WMin
        if self.__W > self.__WMax:
            self.__W = self.__WMax
			#on time[us]/granularity[us]
        PW = ((PWM.get_channel_subcycle_time_us(0) * self.__W)/100)/PWM.get_pulse_incr_us() 
        # Set servo to xxx us
        if self.powered:
            self.__IO.set_servo(self.__pin, PW)
def P0():  # Process 0 controlles Pan servo
  speed = .1    # Here we set some defaults:
  _ServoPanCP = initPan - 1    # by making the current position and desired position unequal,-
  _ServoPanDP = initPan    #   we can be sure we know where the servo really is. (or will be soon)

  while True:
    time.sleep(speed)
    if ServoPanCP.empty():      # Constantly update ServoPanCP in case the main process needs-
      ServoPanCP.put(_ServoPanCP)    #   to read it
    if not ServoPanDP.empty():    # Constantly read read ServoPanDP in case the main process-
      _ServoPanDP = ServoPanDP.get()  #  has updated it
    if not ServoPanS.empty():      # Constantly read read ServoPanS in case the main process-
      _ServoPanS = ServoPanS.get()  #   has updated it, the higher the speed value, the shorter-
      speed = .1 / _ServoPanS    #   the wait between loops will be, so the servo moves faster
    if _ServoPanCP < _ServoPanDP:          # if ServoPanCP less than ServoPanDP
      _ServoPanCP += 1            # incriment ServoPanCP up by one
      ServoPanCP.put(_ServoPanCP)          # move the servo that little bit
      PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0, pPan)
      PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, pPan, 0, _ServoPanCP)
      if not ServoPanCP.empty():        # throw away the old ServoPanCP value,-
        trash = ServoPanCP.get()        #   it's no longer relevent
    if _ServoPanCP > _ServoPanDP:          # if ServoPanCP greater than ServoPanDP
      _ServoPanCP -= 1            # incriment ServoPanCP down by one
      ServoPanCP.put(_ServoPanCP)          # move the servo that little bit
      PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0, pPan)
      PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, pPan, 0, _ServoPanCP)
      if not ServoPanCP.empty():        # throw away the old ServoPanCP value,-
        trash = ServoPanCP.get()        #   it's no longer relevent
    if _ServoPanCP == _ServoPanDP:          # if all is good,-
      _ServoPanS = 1            # slow the speed; no need to eat CPU just waiting
예제 #29
0
def P0():	# Process 0 controlles Pan servo
	speed = .1		# Here we set some defaults:
	RollCP = initroll - 1		# by making the current position and desired position unequal,-
	RollDP = initroll		# 	we can be sure we know where the servo really is. (or will be soon)

	while True:
		time.sleep(speed)
		if RollCPQ.empty():			# Constantly update RollCPQ in case the main process needs-
			RollCPQ.put(RollCP)		# 	to read it
		if not RollDPQ.empty():		# Constantly read read RollDPQ in case the main process-
			RollDP = RollDPQ.get()	#	has updated it
		if not RollSQ.empty():			# Constantly read read RollSQ in case the main process-
			RollS = RollSQ.get()	# 	has updated it, the higher the speed value, the shorter-
			speed = .1 / RollS		# 	the wait between loops will be, so the servo moves faster
		if RollCP < RollDP:					# if RollCPQ less than RollDPQ
			RollCP += 1						# incriment RollCPQ up by one
			RollCPQ.put(RollCP)					# move the servo that little bit
			PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0, Roll)
			PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, Roll, 0, RollCP)
			if not RollCPQ.empty():				# throw away the old RollCPQ value,-
				trash = RollCPQ.get()				# 	it's no longer relevent
		if RollCP > RollDP:					# if RollCPQ greater than ServoPanDP
			RollCP -= 1						# incriment RollCPQ down by one
			RollCPQ.put(RollCP)					# move the servo that little bit
			PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0,Roll)
			PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, Roll, 0, RollCP)
			if not RollCPQ.empty():				# throw away the old ROllPanCPQ value,-
				trash = RollCPQ.get()				# 	it's no longer relevent
		if RollCP == RollDP:	        # if all is good,-
			RollS = 1		        # slow the speed; no need to eat CPU just waiting
예제 #30
0
def P1():	# Process 1 controlles Tilt servo using same logic as above
	speed = .1
	_ServoTiltCP = initTilt - 1
	_ServoTiltDP = initTilt

	while True:
		time.sleep(speed)
		if ServoTiltCP.empty():
			ServoTiltCP.put(_ServoTiltCP)
		if not ServoTiltDP.empty():
			_ServoTiltDP = ServoTiltDP.get()
		if not ServoTiltS.empty():
			_ServoTiltS = ServoTiltS.get()
			speed = .1 / _ServoTiltS
		if _ServoTiltCP < _ServoTiltDP:
			_ServoTiltCP += 1
			ServoTiltCP.put(_ServoTiltCP)
			PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0, pTilt)
			PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, pTilt, 0, _ServoTiltCP)
			if not ServoTiltCP.empty():
				trash = ServoTiltCP.get()
		if _ServoTiltCP > _ServoTiltDP:
			_ServoTiltCP -= 1
			ServoTiltCP.put(_ServoTiltCP)
			PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0, pTilt)
			PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, pTilt, 0, _ServoTiltCP)
			if not ServoTiltCP.empty():
				trash = ServoTiltCP.get()
		if _ServoTiltCP == _ServoTiltDP:
			_ServoTiltS = 1
예제 #31
0
sys.path.append(os.pardir)

#from moter import Moter
#from pwm_rpio import PwmRPIO
from RPIO.PWM import Servo
from RPIO import PWM
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

trigger_pin = 40

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(trigger_pin, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setwarnings(False)

PWM.setup(pulse_incr_us=1)
PWM.init_channel(0, subcycle_time_us=10000)

# Add some pulses to the subcycle
PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, 20, 0, 1000)
PWM.set_loglevel(PWM.LOG_LEVEL_ERRORS)
# Stop PWM for specific GPIO on channel 0
while True:
    GPIO.output(trigger_pin, 0)
    #PWM.cleanup()
    #PWM.set_loglevel( PWM.LOG_LEVEL_ERRORS)
    #PWM.setup(pulse_incr_us=1)
    #PWM.init_channel(0, subcycle_time_us=10000)
    #PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0, 20)
    PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, 20, 0, 1000)
    PWM.seek(0, 0)
예제 #32
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import RPIO
from RPIO import PWM
import time

PWM.setup()
PWM.init_channel(0)

pin = 4  # pin 7 on the board, GPIO4

# Test script for the relay; powers it up
# at full PWM for a second; drops the voltage
# to about 10 volts (to reduce heat generation
# in the 330 ohm resistor) for 5 seconds; and
# then switches # it off for a second.

while True:
    PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, pin, start=0, width=2000 - 1)
    print "Full on"
    time.sleep(0.2)

    print "Dropping back to 25%"
    PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, pin, start=0, width=500)
    time.sleep(2)

    print "off"
    PWM.clear_channel(0)
    time.sleep(0.5)

print "And done."

PWM.cleanup()
예제 #33
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from RPIO import PWM
import time

s = PWM.Servo()
s.set_servo(12, 1500)
input('stop')
s.stop_servo(12)

#time.sleep(3)
#s.set_servo(12, 1900)
#time.sleep(10)
#s.stop_servo(12)
예제 #34
0
파일: motor.py 프로젝트: kashifpk/droneos
    def start(self):
        "Run the procedure to init the PWM"

        self.__IO = PWM.Servo()
        self.powered = True
예제 #35
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from RPIO import PWM

roll = PWM.Servo(0, 20000, 5)
pitch = PWM.Servo(0, 20000, 5)
throttle = PWM.Servo(0, 20000, 5)
yaw = PWM.Servo(0, 20000, 5)
# start PWM on servo specific GPIO no, this is not the pin no but it is the GPIO no
roll.set_servo(5, 1500)  # pin 29
pitch.set_servo(6, 1500)  # pin 31
throttle.set_servo(13, 1150)  # pin 33
yaw.set_servo(19, 1505)  # pin 35

try:
    while True:
        x = int(input("CHECK Roll: "))
        roll.set_servo(5, x)
except:
    yaw.stop_servo(19)
    roll.stop_servo(5)
    pitch.stop_servo(6)
    throttle.stop_servo(13)
PWM.cleanup()
예제 #36
0
def cleanup():
    PWM.cleanup()
예제 #37
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#!/usr/bin/env python

import logging
import RPIO, time, os
from RPIO import PWM
import requests
import sys
import threading
import time

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARN)
PWM.set_loglevel(PWM.LOG_LEVEL_ERRORS)
RPIO.setmode(RPIO.BCM)
servo = None


def decode_color(color):
    if color.endswith('anime'):
        return 0
    elif color == 'blue':
        return 1
    else:
        return -1


def get_config():
    return {
        'examplesvc': {
            'button':
            17,
            'led':
예제 #38
0
            P_angle = math.degrees(fusionPose[1])
            Y_angle = math.degrees(fusionPose[2])
            MagX = compass[0]
            MagY = compass[1]
            heading = math.degrees(math.atan2(MagY, MagX))
            heading = heading + mag_declination

            sleep(poll_interval * 0.01 / 1000.0)
            return R_angle, P_angle, Y_angle, heading


#%% Initialise Variables

host = ''  # Initialise host
port = 5560  # Arbitrary choice. Must be a free port.
s = PWM.Servo()  # Redeclare servo variable

# GPIO Pins 17, 18, 22, 27 for PWM Signal and Pin 14 for Ground
# Assign short thruster IDs FL (Front-Left), FR, BL (Back-Left) and BR
FL = 17  # Assign Front-Left thruster to pin 17 (R6C1)
FR = 18  # Assign Front-Right thruster to pin 18 (R6C2)
BL = 22  # Assign Back-Left thruster to pin 22 (R8C1)
BR = 27  # Assign Back-Right thruster to pin 27 (R7C1)
all_thrusters = [FL, FR, BL, BR]  # Create array of all thruster pins
# Note that the ground pin 14 is located at R7C2

# Initialisation of PWM array with zero frequency
PWM_array = [0, 0, 0, 0]  # [FL , FR , BL , BR]

# Initialisation of max_PWM_range variable
max_PWM_range = 120
예제 #39
0
def get_DMA():
    a = find_DMA_available()
    PWM.init_channel(a)
    return a
예제 #40
0
 def __init__(self):
     if not PWM.is_setup():
         PWM.setup()  #put this in def __init__():
예제 #41
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##==============================================================================##
#Initializing Servos
#servo GPIO connections
Roll = 23
Pitch = 24
# Upper limit
RollUL = 230
PitchUL = 230
# Lower Limit
RollLL = 60
PitchLL = 60
#initial Position
initroll = ((RollUL - RollLL) / 2) + RollLL
initpitch = ((PitchUL - PitchLL) / 2) + PitchLL
PWM.setup()
PWM.init_channel(0)
#init servos to center
PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, Roll, 0, initroll)
PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, Pitch, 0, initpitch)

RollCPQ = Queue(
)  # Servo zero current position, sent by subprocess and read by main process
PitchCPQ = Queue(
)  # Servo one current position, sent by subprocess and read by main process
RollDPQ = Queue(
)  # Servo zero desired position, sent by main and read by subprocess
PitchDPQ = Queue(
)  # Servo one desired position, sent by main and read by subprocess
RollSQ = Queue()  # Servo zero speed, sent by main and read by subprocess
PitchSQ = Queue()  # Servo one speed, sent by main and read by subprocess
예제 #42
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#MAY THE BACKWARD STEERING BE CHANGED?? THIS MAY BECOME CONFUSING!
#NOTE driving-METHOD-COMMENTS

from RPIO import PWM
from time import sleep

servo = PWM.Servo()

#define PIN-Settings (Board-Numbering, not GPIO-Numbering)
#	actually not needed here as we use GPIO-Numbering
#PIN_Servo=11	#Servo-Signal
#PIN_Motor=7	#Motor-Signal
#PIN_SDA=3	#Kompass SDA
#PIN_SCL=5	#Kompass SCL
#PIN_TX=8	#GPS TX
#PIN_RX=10	#GPS RX

#define PIN-Settings (GPIO-Numbering, not Board-Numbering)
GPIO_Servo = 12
GPIO_Motor = 4
#GPIO_SDA=2	# not needed in this module
#GPIO_SCL=3
#GPIO_TX=14
#GPIO_RX=15

#define Servopositions for steering
#	values adjusted to incrementer 10us (micro-seconds)
Left = 1900
Half_Left = 1700  #needed?
Straight = 1500
Half_Right = 1300  #needed?
예제 #43
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def main(argv=None):
    if argv is None:
        import sys
        argv = sys.argv
    '''RPIO.setmode(RPIO.BOARD)
    RPIO.setup(p_roll, RPIO.OUT)
    RPIO.setup(p_pitch, RPIO.OUT)
    RPIO.setup(p_throttle, RPIO.OUT)
    RPIO.setup(p_yaw, RPIO.OUT)'''

    servo = PWM.Servo()

    dc_min = 0.0
    dc_max = 100.0
    dc_step = (dc_max - dc_min) / 100.0
    dc_roll = (dc_max - dc_min) / 2.0
    dc_pitch = (dc_max - dc_min) / 2.0
    dc_throttle = dc_min
    dc_yaw = (dc_max - dc_min) / 2.0

    def dc_change(dc, type):
        if (type == '-'):
            dc -= dc_step
        elif (type == '+'):
            dc += dc_step
        if (dc < dc_min):
            dc = dc_min
        elif (dc > dc_max):
            dc = dc_max
        return dc

    while True:
        ch = read_single_keypress()
        print(ch, ord(ch))
        if (ch == '\x1b'):  # cannot display
            break
        if (ch == 'w'):
            dc_pitch = dc_change(dc_pitch, '-')
            print("dc_pitch:", dc_pitch)
        elif (ch == 's'):
            dc_pitch = dc_change(dc_pitch, '+')
            print("dc_pitch:", dc_pitch)
        elif (ch == 'a'):
            dc_roll = dc_change(dc_roll, '-')
            print("dc_roll:", dc_roll)
        elif (ch == 'd'):
            dc_roll = dc_change(dc_roll, '+')
            print("dc_roll:", dc_roll)
        elif (ch == 'h'):
            dc_throttle = dc_change(dc_throttle, '-')
            print("dc_throttle:", dc_throttle)
        elif (ch == 'j'):
            dc_throttle = dc_change(dc_throttle, '+')
            print("dc_throttle:", dc_throttle)
        elif (ch == 'k'):
            dc_yaw = dc_change(dc_yaw, '+')
            print("dc_yaw:", dc_yaw)
        elif (ch == 'l'):
            dc_yaw = dc_change(dc_yaw, '-')
            print("dc_yaw:", dc_yaw)
        pwm_update(servo, p_roll, dc_roll)
        pwm_update(servo, p_pitch, dc_pitch)
        pwm_update(servo, p_throttle, dc_throttle)
        pwm_update(servo, p_yaw, dc_yaw)

    servo.stop_servo(p_roll)
    servo.stop_servo(p_pitch)
    servo.stop_servo(p_throttle)
    servo.stop_servo(p_yaw)
예제 #44
0
	except:
		print('Error occured, closing socket')
		PWM.cleanup()
		clientsocket.close()

# Set up the server socket
serversocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# Set the port and IP address for the host. Must be the IP for the
# Raspberry Pi
PORT = 1000
HOST = '192.168.0.101'

# Bind the socket and begin listening
serversocket.bind((HOST, PORT))
serversocket.listen(10)

# Constantly look for a connection
while 1:
	print('Waiting for connection!')
	# Accept connections from client
	(clientsocket, address) = serversocket.accept()

	# Create a thread for the connection and then run it
	ct = Thread(target=handle, args=(clientsocket,))
	ct.run()
		

# Clean up PWM signals at the end of the program -- Must be done!
PWM.cleanup()
예제 #45
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파일: PWM3.py 프로젝트: bramburn/quadcopter
from RPIO import PWM

GPIO_PINS = [25, 8, 7, 24]
servo = PWM.Servo()


while True:
	speed = raw_input("Gimmie Value For Port 25: ")
	sp = int(speed)
	servo.set_servo(GPIO_PINS[0], sp)


servo.set_servo(GPIO_PINS[0], 1000)
servo.stop_servo(GPIO_PINS[0])

PWM.cleanup()
예제 #46
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def handle(clientsocket):
	print('Made connection\n')
	# Look for if any exceptions are thrown
	try:
		flying = 1
		while(flying):
			# Wait for first command from client
			buf = clientsocket.recv(MAX_LENGTH)
			navigating = 0
			movDirection = 2
			search = 0
			serInput = ''
			sensor1 = 0
			sensor2 = 0
			sensor3 = 0
			sensor4 = 0

			# If command is takeoff then initialize and takeoff
			if(buf == 'takeoff'):
				autopilot.initialize()
				autopilot.arm()
				autopilot.takeOff()
				navigating = 1
	
			# If client is lost then leave method
			if buf == '': return
	
			# Handle navigation and object avoidance
			while(navigating == 1):
				#print("In navigation\n")
				# Check for serial input -- Not implemented yet
				if(ser.inWaiting()):
					serInput = ser.readline()
					#if 'f' in serInput: sensor1 = 1
					#else: sensor1 = 0
					#if 'r' in serInput: sensor2 = 1
					#else: sensor2 = 0
					#if 'b' in serInput: sensor3 = 1
					#else: sensor3 = 0
					#if 'l' in serInput: sensor4 = 1
					#else: sensor4 = 0
					#if 'k' in serInput: isKill = 1
					#else: isKill = 0
				print(serInput)
				#time.sleep(1)
				# Prints to see what values are received
				#sensor1 = GPIO.input(9)
				#print("Sensor1 = " + str(sensor1))
				#sensor2 = GPIO.input(7)
				#print("Sensor2 = " + str(sensor2))
				#sensor3 = GPIO.input(8)
				#print("Sensor3 = " + str(sensor3))
				#sensor4 = GPIO.input(11)
				#print("Sensor4 = " + str(sensor4))

				# Wait for next input from client -- causes program
				# to hang until it receives something. Needs changed!
				#buf = clientsocket.recv(MAX_LENGTH)

				#if buf == '': return
				#isKill = GPIO.input(15)
				print(isKill)
	
				# Initial move right
				if(sensor3 == 1 and sensor1 == 0 and sensor4 == 0 and sensor2 == 0 and movDirection == 2):
					#print("Initial move right")
					autopilot.strafeR()
					autopilot.forward()
					movDirection = 2
					print('Moving right')
	
				if(sensor3 == 0 and sensor1 == 0 and sensor4 == 0 and sensor2 == 0 and movDirection == 2):
					autopilot.strafeR()
					autopilot.backward()
					movDirection = 2
					print('Moving right-ADJ')
				# End initial move right
	
				# Found right wall, start moving forward
				if(sensor1 == 0 and sensor2 == 1 and (sensor3 == 0 or sensor3 == 1) and sensor4 == 0 and movDirection == 2):
					#print("Found right wall, start moving forward")
					autopilot.stop()
					time.sleep(1)
					autopilot.forward()
					movDirection = 1
					print('Start Moving forward')
	
				# Following right wall
				if(sensor1 == 0 and sensor2 == 1 and sensor3 == 0 and sensor4 == 0 and movDirection == 1):
					#print("Following right wall")
					#autopilot.stop()
					autopilot.forward()
					autopilot.strafeL()
					#movDirection = 1
					print('Moving forward')
	
				if(sensor1 == 0 and sensor2 == 0 and sensor3 == 0 and sensor4 == 0 and movDirection == 1):
					#autopilot.stop()
					autopilot.forward()
					autopilot.strafeR()
					#movDirection = 1
					print('Moving forward-ADJ')
				# End following right wall
	
				# Hit a right back corner
				if(sensor1 == 1 and sensor4 == 0 and sensor2 == 1 and sensor3 == 0 and movDirection == 1):
					#print("Hit a right back corner")
					autopilot.stop()
					#time.sleep(.3)
					autopilot.strafeL()
					movDirection = 4
					print('Start Moving left')
	
				# Moving left following front wall
				if(sensor1 == 1 and sensor4 == 0 and sensor2 == 0 and sensor3 == 0 and movDirection == 4):
					#print("Moving left following front wall")
					autopilot.stop()
					#time.sleep(.3)
					autopilot.strafeL()
					autopilot.backward()
					#movDirection = 4
					print('Moving left')
	
				if(sensor1 == 0 and sensor4 == 0 and sensor2 == 0 and sensor3 == 0 and movDirection == 4):
					autopilot.stop()
					#time.sleep(.3)
					autopilot.strafeL()
					autopilot.forward()
					#movDirection = 4
					print('Moving left-ADJ')
				# End following front wall
	
				# Lost front wall
				if(sensor1 == 0 and sensor2 == 0 and sensor3 == 0 and sensor4 == 0 and movDirection == 4):
					#print("Lost front wall")
					autopilot.stop()
					time.sleep(.3)
					audopilot.strafeL()
					time.sleep(.3)
					autopilot.stop()
					time.sleep(.5)
					autopilot.forward()
					time.sleep(.5)
					autopilot.stop()
					time.sleep(.5)
					movDirection = 2
					while (sensor3 == 0):
						autopilot.strafeR()
						time.sleep(1)
						autopilot.stop()
					print('Wall vanished')
					ser.flush()
	
				# Found back left corner
				if(sensor1 == 1 and sensor2 == 0 and sensor3 == 0 and sensor4 == 1 and movDirection == 4):
					print("Found back left corner")
					autopilot.stop()
					time.sleep(1)
					autopilot.turnR()
					time.sleep(1.5)
					autopilot.stop()
					time.sleep(1)
					search = 1
					navigating = 0
					ser.flush()
	
				# No direction to fly
				if(sensor1 == 1 and sensor2 == 1 and sensor3 == 1 and sensor4 == 1):
					#print("No direction to fly")
					autopilot.land()
					time.sleep(5)
					flying = 0
					print('Can\'t fly')
	
				# Emergency kill command
				if(buf == "kill"):
					autopilot.throttleCut()
					#time.sleep(10)
					#autopilot.landed()
					flying = 0
					#print('Killing operation')
	
				if(isKill):
					#autopilot.throttleCut()
					autopilot.stop()
					autopilot.land()
					time.sleep(10)
					flying = 0
					return
					#print('Killed manually')
	
			# Variable for if ball is seen
			seen = 0
			
			# Start searching for ball -- Needs implemented
			#while(search == 1 and buf != 'stop'):
				# Capture image and look for ball

	# Close the socket if ctrl+c key combination is used
	except KeyboardInterrupt:
		clientsocket.close()
	
	# Close the socket in all other exceptions
	except:
		print('Error occured, closing socket')
		PWM.cleanup()
		clientsocket.close()
예제 #47
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import asyncio
import websockets
from RPIO import PWM

servo1 = PWM.Servo()


async def updateMotor(websocket, path):
    valor = 0
    while (True):
        #Espera por nuevos datos
        potencia = await websocket.recv()

        #cuando hay un cambio, lo muestra por consola
        print("Potencia: " + potencia + "%")

        #actualiza la potencia del motor
        servo1.set_servo(26, 1000 + int(valor) * 10)


start_server = websockets.serve(updateMotor, '0', 8765)

asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(start_server)
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_forever()
예제 #48
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from RPIO import PWM
import time

# Setup RPIO Pins
RPIO.setup(26, RPIO.OUT, initial = RPIO.LOW) #ENA
RPIO.setup(11, RPIO.OUT, initial = RPIO.LOW) #ENB
RPIO.setup(19, RPIO.OUT, initial = RPIO.LOW) #IN1
RPIO.setup(13, RPIO.OUT, initial = RPIO.LOW) #IN2
RPIO.setup(6, RPIO.OUT, initial = RPIO.LOW)  #IN3
RPIO.setup(5, RPIO.OUT, initial = RPIO.LOW)  #IN4


PWM.setup()
PWM.init_channel(0)
RPIO.output(19, RPIO.HIGH)
RPIO.output(13, RPIO.LOW)
RPIO.output(6, RPIO.HIGH)
RPIO.output(5, RPIO.LOW)


try:
    PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, 26, 0, 10000)   #start at 0 and width = 10000us i.e 50% 
    PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, 11, 0, 10000)
    time.sleep(5)
    
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    PWM.clear_channel(0)

# PWM.clear_channel_gpio(0, 17)
PWM.cleanup()
RPIO.cleanup()
예제 #49
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from RPIO import PWM
import time

motor = PWM.Servo()

#motor.set_servo(7,1000)
#time.sleep(1)
while (True):
    eingabe = raw_input('Wert eingebe:')

    #for i in range (600,700,20):
    #    motor.set_servo(7,i)
    #    time.sleep(2)

    motor.set_servo(4, int(eingabe))
    time.sleep(4)
    motor.stop_servo(4)
#motor.stop_servo(7)
예제 #50
0
파일: osc2.py 프로젝트: bramburn/quadcopter
import argparse

from pythonosc import dispatcher
from pythonosc import osc_server
from pythonosc import osc_message_builder
from pythonosc import udp_client

# RPI Stuff
from RPIO import PWM
GPIO_PINS = [25, 24, 8, 7]
PWM.set_loglevel(PWM.LOG_LEVEL_ERRORS)
servo = PWM.Servo(pulse_incr_us=1)
PWM_MAX = 2000
PWM_MIN = 1000
PWM_RANGE = PWM_MAX - PWM_MIN


# Client Management
active_client = []

# Running Variables.
armed = False
running = False
manual_control = False
is_waiting = False

def pwm_max_calibrate():
  servo.set_servo(GPIO_PINS[0], PWM_MAX)
  servo.set_servo(GPIO_PINS[1], PWM_MAX)
  servo.set_servo(GPIO_PINS[2], PWM_MAX)
  servo.set_servo(GPIO_PINS[3], PWM_MAX)
예제 #51
0
def init_pos():
	
        PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, 4, 0, 198)
        PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, 22, 0, 148)
	sleep(2)
예제 #52
0
 def __init__(self, pin):
     self.pin = pin
     self.servo = PWM.Servo()
     self.status = None
예제 #53
0
frontalface = cv2.CascadeClassifier(
    "lbpcascade_frontalface.xml")  # frontal face pattern detection
#profileface = cv2.CascadeClassifier("lbpcascade_profileface.xml")		# side face pattern detection

face = [
    0, 0, 0, 0
]  # This will hold the array that OpenCV returns when it finds a face: (makes a rectangle)
Cface = [0,
         0]  # Center of the face: a point calculated from the above variable
lastface = 0  # int 1-3 used to speed up detection. The script is looking for a right profile face,-
# 	a left profile face, or a frontal face; rather than searching for all three every time,-
# 	it uses this variable to remember which is last saw: and looks for that again. If it-
# 	doesn't find it, it's set back to zero and on the next loop it will search for all three.-
# 	This basically tripples the detect time so long as the face hasn't moved much.

PWM.setup()
PWM.init_channel(0)

#init servos to center
PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, pPan, 0, initPan)
PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, pTilt, 0, initTilt)

ServoPanCP = Queue(
)  # Servo zero current position, sent by subprocess and read by main process
ServoTiltCP = Queue(
)  # Servo one current position, sent by subprocess and read by main process
ServoPanDP = Queue(
)  # Servo zero desired position, sent by main and read by subprocess
ServoTiltDP = Queue(
)  # Servo one desired position, sent by main and read by subprocess
ServoPanS = Queue()  # Servo zero speed, sent by main and read by subprocess
예제 #54
0
import sys
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
from time import sleep
from RPIO import PWM

pos_file_x = "./pos_x.txt"
pos_file_y = "./pos_y.txt"

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

GPIO.setup(22,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(4,GPIO.OUT)

PWM.setup()
PWM.init_channel(0)

# GPIO 22 = pos_x gauche-droite = 100 (150) 200
# GPIO 4 = pos_y bas-haut = 150 (200) 250

pos_x = 0
pos_y = 0
step = 15

def init_pos():
	
        PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, 4, 0, 198)
        PWM.add_channel_pulse(0, 22, 0, 148)
	sleep(2)

def read_pos():
	global pos_y
예제 #55
0
    def power(self, state):
        if self.cnf.offline:
            self.logger.info("TEST: setting power=%d", state)
            return

        if state:
            PWM.clear_channel(relayChannel)
            PWM.add_channel_pulse(relayChannel,
                                  relay,
                                  start=0,
                                  width=relayFull)
            time.sleep(holdDelay)
            PWM.clear_channel(relayChannel)
            PWM.add_channel_pulse(relayChannel, relay, start=0, width=relayLow)
        else:
            PWM.add_channel_pulse(relayChannel, relay, start=0, width=0)
            PWM.clear_channel(relayChannel)
예제 #56
0
from RPIO import PWM
import time
import imumodule.py

#Distance and Angle obtained
file=open("xyz.txt","r")
contents=file.read()
distance=contents[contents.find(":")+1:contents.find("\n")]
file.seek(contents.find(":")+1)
contents=file.read()
angle=contents[contents.find(":")+1:]
'''print(distance)
print(angle)'''

# initialize servo objects with PWM function
roll = PWM.Servo()
pitch = PWM.Servo()
throttle = PWM.Servo()
yaw = PWM.Servo()
aux = PWM.Servo()

# start PWM on servo specific GPIO no, this is not the pin no but it is the GPIO no 
roll.set_servo(5,1520)# pin 29
pitch.set_servo(6,1520)# pin 31
throttle.set_servo(13,1100)# pin 33
yaw.set_servo(19,1520)# pin 35
aux.set_servo(26,1010)# pin 37, pin 39 is Ground

# assign global min and max values
th_min = 1100
th_max = 2400
예제 #57
0
#GPIO.setup(roll_pin, GPIO.OUT)
#GPIO.setup(pitch_pin, GPIO.OUT)
#GPIO.setup(throttle_pin, GPIO.OUT)
#GPIO.setup(yaw_pin, GPIO.OUT)
#GPIO.setup(aux_pin, GPIO.OUT)

#roll = GPIO.PWM(roll_pin, 500)             # Aileron
#pitch = GPIO.PWM(pitch_pin, 500)           # Elevator
#throttle = GPIO.PWM(throttle_pin, 600)     # Throttle
#yaw = GPIO.PWM(yaw_pin, 1520)               # Rudder
#aux = GPIO.PWM(aux_pin, 1010)               # Control Mode


# Servo 객체 초기화
roll = PWM.Servo()      # Aileron
pitch = PWM.Servo()     # Elevator
throttle = PWM.Servo()  # Throttle
yaw = PWM.Servo()       # Rudder
aux = PWM.Servo()       # Control Mode

# 각각의 GPIO번호에 PWM 세팅(핀번호 아님)
roll.set_servo(5,1520)      # pin 29
pitch.set_servo(6,1520)     # pin 31
throttle.set_servo(13,1100) # pin 33
yaw.set_servo(19,1520)      # pin 35
aux.set_servo(26,1010)      # pin 37, pin 39 is Ground

# 최대최소값 지정
th_min = 1100
th_max = 2400
예제 #58
0
                return (((90.0+angulo)*(50.0/9.0))+1000)
        else:
                return 1500

#Miramos se existe un argumento de entrada utilizamolo como angulo
angle1 = 0
angle2 = 0
if len(sys.argv)>2:
        angle1 = int(sys.argv[1])
        angle2 = int(sys.argv[2])

pulso1 = angleToTime(angle1)
pulso2 = angleToTime(angle2)

print 'Pulso1: '+ repr(pulso1) +', Pulso2: '+ repr(pulso2)
servo=PWM.Servo()                               #Iniciamos a libreria para o servo


servo.set_servo(GPIO_SERVO2,1500)
servo.set_servo(GPIO_SERVO1,1500)                #Centramos o servo
time.sleep(1)
while True:
    try:
        servo.set_servo(GPIO_SERVO1,590)
        servo.set_servo(GPIO_SERVO2,590)
        time.sleep(1)
        servo.set_servo(GPIO_SERVO1,2200)
        servo.set_servo(GPIO_SERVO2,2200)
        time.sleep(1)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        break
예제 #59
0
subcycle_time = [3000, 5000, 100000, 150000
                 ]  #moltiplicare per granularity (default: 10 microsecondi)
#(in millisec. sono: 20ms, 200ms, 5sec, 10sec)

#pulse_start	= [200, 20, 50, 100]		#_start=200*100 microsec=20 msec.
#pulse_width	= [100, 500, 1000, 5000]	#_width=100*100 microsec=10 msec.
pulse_start = [0, 0, 0, 0]  #_start=0*10 microsec=0 msec.
pulse_width = [0, 0, 0, 0]  #_width=0*10 microsec=0 msec.
#incr_impulso	= [10, 10, 10, 10]

canale_dma = [0, 1, 2, 3]  #ce ne sono 15 (0-14)
gpio_port = [18, 23, 24, 25]  #porte GPIO (lato pin pari)
#frequency	= [500, 50, 2, 1]		#in Hz

#set della granularity (è il default durante l'inizializzazione tic di incremento in microsecondi)
PWM.setup(granularity, 0)  #default: pulse_incr_us=10, delay_hw=0

for i in canale_dma:
    PWM.init_channel(i, subcycle_time[i])  #canale DMA con tempo subcycle
    #	PWM.setup(granularity, 0)		#default: pulse_incr_us=10, delay_hw=0
    #aggiungo un impulso nel canale DMA all'interno di ogni subcycle per ogni GPIO
    #POSSO ANCHE NON AGGIUNGERE NIENTE :-), VOLENDO.
    PWM.add_channel_pulse(i, gpio_port[i], pulse_start[i], pulse_width[i])
#setup per output su GPIO
for i in gpio_port:
    RPIO.setup(i, RPIO.OUT)

for i in canale_dma:
    PWM.print_channel(i)
    if PWM.is_channel_initialized(i):
        print("canale ", i, " inizializzato")
예제 #60
0
 def set_velocity(self, pwmotor, motor_id):
     [pins, dma_ch] = self.motor_list[motor_id]
     c = [0, 0]
     c[0] = PWM.get_channel_subcycle_time_us(
         dma_ch[0]) / (100.0 * PWM.get_pulse_incr_us()
                       )  #coefficient to convert duty to period
     c[1] = PWM.get_channel_subcycle_time_us(
         dma_ch[1]) / (100.0 * PWM.get_pulse_incr_us()
                       )  #coefficient to convert duty to period
     try:
         PWM.clear_channel_gpio(dma_ch[0], pins[0])
         PWM.clear_channel_gpio(dma_ch[1], pins[1])
     except:
         pass
     if pwmotor > 0:
         PWM.add_channel_pulse(dma_ch[1], pins[1], 0, 0)
         PWM.add_channel_pulse(dma_ch[0], pins[0], 0,
                               int(abs(pwmotor) * c[0]))
     else:
         PWM.add_channel_pulse(dma_ch[0], pins[0], 0, 0)
         PWM.add_channel_pulse(dma_ch[1], pins[1], 0,
                               int(abs(pwmotor) * c[1]))