def get_exception_in_cython():
# accumulation_tree is required by tdigest
from accumulation_tree import AccumulationTree # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel
t = AccumulationTree(lambda x: x)
t.insert(1, '1')
try:
return t.insert('1', '1')
except TypeError as err:
return err
def RBTree(data):
t = AccumulationTree(lambda centroid: centroid.count)
for k, v in data:
t.insert(k, v)
return t
class TDigest(object):
def __init__(self, delta=0.01, K=25):
self.C = AccumulationTree(_centroid_count)
self.n = 0
self.delta = delta
self.K = K
def __add__(self, other_digest):
data = list(chain(self.C.values(), other_digest.C.values()))
new_digest = TDigest(self.delta, self.K)
if len(data) > 0:
for c in pyudorandom.items(data):
new_digest.update(c.mean, c.count)
return new_digest
def __len__(self):
return len(self.C)
def __repr__(self):
return """<T-Digest: n=%d, centroids=%d>""" % (self.n, len(self))
def __iter__(self):
"""
Iterates over centroids in the digest.
"""
return iter(self.centroids_to_list())
def _add_centroid(self, centroid):
if centroid.mean not in self.C:
self.C.insert(centroid.mean, centroid)
else:
self.C[centroid.mean].update(centroid.mean, centroid.count)
def _compute_centroid_quantile(self, centroid):
denom = self.n
cumulative_sum = self.C.get_left_accumulation(centroid.mean)
return (centroid.count / 2. + cumulative_sum) / denom
def _update_centroid(self, centroid, x, w):
self.C.pop(centroid.mean)
centroid.update(x, w)
self._add_centroid(centroid)
def _find_closest_centroids(self, x):
try:
ceil_key = self.C.ceiling_key(x)
except KeyError:
floor_key = self.C.floor_key(x)
return [self.C[floor_key]]
try:
floor_key = self.C.floor_key(x)
except KeyError:
ceil_key = self.C.ceiling_key(x)
return [self.C[ceil_key]]
if abs(floor_key - x) < abs(ceil_key - x):
return [self.C[floor_key]]
elif abs(floor_key - x) == abs(ceil_key -
x) and (ceil_key != floor_key):
return [self.C[ceil_key], self.C[floor_key]]
else:
return [self.C[ceil_key]]
def _threshold(self, q):
return 4 * self.n * self.delta * q * (1 - q)
def update(self, x, w=1):
"""
Update the t-digest with value x and weight w.
"""
self.n += w
if len(self) == 0:
self._add_centroid(Centroid(x, w))
return
S = self._find_closest_centroids(x)
while len(S) != 0 and w > 0:
j = choice(list(range(len(S))))
c_j = S[j]
q = self._compute_centroid_quantile(c_j)
# This filters the out centroids that do not satisfy the second part
# of the definition of S. See original paper by Dunning.
if c_j.count + w > self._threshold(q):
S.pop(j)
continue
delta_w = min(self._threshold(q) - c_j.count, w)
self._update_centroid(c_j, x, delta_w)
w -= delta_w
S.pop(j)
if w > 0:
self._add_centroid(Centroid(x, w))
if len(self) > self.K / self.delta:
self.compress()
return
def batch_update(self, values, w=1):
"""
Update the t-digest with an iterable of values. This assumes all points have the
same weight.
"""
for x in values:
self.update(x, w)
self.compress()
return
def compress(self):
T = TDigest(self.delta, self.K)
C = list(self.C.values())
for c_i in pyudorandom.items(C):
T.update(c_i.mean, c_i.count)
self.C = T.C
def percentile(self, p):
"""
Computes the percentile of a specific value in [0,100].
"""
if not (0 <= p <= 100):
raise ValueError("p must be between 0 and 100, inclusive.")
p = float(p) / 100.
p *= self.n
c_i = None
t = 0
if p == 0:
return self.C.min_item()[1].mean
for i, key in enumerate(self.C.keys()):
c_i_plus_one = self.C[key]
if i == 0:
k = c_i_plus_one.count / 2
else:
k = (c_i_plus_one.count + c_i.count) / 2.
if p < t + k:
z1 = p - t
z2 = t + k - p
return (c_i.mean * z2 + c_i_plus_one.mean * z1) / (z1 + z2)
c_i = c_i_plus_one
t += k
return self.C.max_item()[1].mean
def cdf(self, x):
"""
Computes the cdf of a specific value, ie. computes F(x) where F denotes
the CDF of the distribution.
"""
t = 0
N = float(self.n)
if len(self) == 1: # only one centroid
return int(x >= self.C.min_key())
for i, key in enumerate(self.C.keys()):
c_i = self.C[key]
if i == len(self) - 1:
delta = (c_i.mean - self.C.prev_item(key)[1].mean) / 2.
else:
delta = (self.C.succ_item(key)[1].mean - c_i.mean) / 2.
z = max(-1, (x - c_i.mean) / delta)
if z < 1:
return t / N + c_i.count / N * (z + 1) / 2
t += c_i.count
return 1
def trimmed_mean(self, p1, p2):
"""
Computes the mean of the distribution between the two percentiles p1 and p2.
This is a modified algorithm than the one presented in the original t-Digest paper.
"""
if not (p1 < p2):
raise ValueError("p1 must be between 0 and 100 and less than p2.")
s = k = t = 0
p1 /= 100.
p2 /= 100.
p1 *= self.n
p2 *= self.n
for i, key in enumerate(self.C.keys()):
c_i = self.C[key]
k_i = c_i.count
if p1 < t + k_i:
if t < p1:
nu = self.__interpolate(i, key, p1 - t)
else:
nu = 1
s += nu * k_i * c_i.mean
k += nu * k_i
if p2 < t + k_i:
nu = self.__interpolate(i, key, p2 - t)
s -= nu * k_i * c_i.mean
k -= nu * k_i
break
t += k_i
return s / k
def __interpolate(self, i, key, diff):
c_i = self.C[key]
k_i = c_i.count
if i == 0:
delta = self.C.succ_item(key)[1].mean - c_i.mean
elif i == len(self) - 1:
delta = c_i.mean - self.C.prev_item(key)[1].mean
else:
delta = (self.C.succ_item(key)[1].mean -
self.C.prev_item(key)[1].mean) / 2.
return (diff / k_i - 0.5) * delta
def centroids_to_list(self):
"""
Returns a Python list of the TDigest object's Centroid values.
"""
centroids = []
for key in self.C.keys():
tree_values = self.C.get_value(key)
centroids.append({'m': tree_values.mean, 'c': tree_values.count})
return centroids
def to_dict(self):
"""
Returns a Python dictionary of the TDigest and internal Centroid values.
Or use centroids_to_list() for a list of only the Centroid values.
"""
return {
'n': self.n,
'delta': self.delta,
'K': self.K,
'centroids': self.centroids_to_list()
}
def update_from_dict(self, dict_values):
"""
Updates TDigest object with dictionary values.
The digest delta and K values are optional if you would like to update them,
but the n value is not required because it is computed from the centroid weights.
For example, you can initalize a new TDigest:
digest = TDigest()
Then load dictionary values into the digest:
digest.update_from_dict({'K': 25, 'delta': 0.01, 'centroids': [{'c': 1.0, 'm': 1.0}, {'c': 1.0, 'm': 2.0}, {'c': 1.0, 'm': 3.0}]})
Or update an existing digest where the centroids will be appropriately merged:
digest = TDigest()
digest.update(1)
digest.update(2)
digest.update(3)
digest.update_from_dict({'K': 25, 'delta': 0.01, 'centroids': [{'c': 1.0, 'm': 1.0}, {'c': 1.0, 'm': 2.0}, {'c': 1.0, 'm': 3.0}]})
Resulting in the digest having merged similar centroids by increasing their weight:
{'K': 25, 'delta': 0.01, 'centroids': [{'c': 2.0, 'm': 1.0}, {'c': 2.0, 'm': 2.0}, {'c': 2.0, 'm': 3.0}], 'n': 6.0}
Alternative you can provide only a list of centroid values with update_centroids_from_list()
"""
self.delta = dict_values.get('delta', self.delta)
self.K = dict_values.get('K', self.K)
self.update_centroids_from_list(dict_values['centroids'])
return self
def update_centroids_from_list(self, list_values):
"""
Add or update Centroids from a Python list.
Any existing centroids in the digest object are appropriately updated.
Example:
digest.update_centroids([{'c': 1.0, 'm': 1.0}, {'c': 1.0, 'm': 2.0}, {'c': 1.0, 'm': 3.0}])
"""
[self.update(value['m'], value['c']) for value in list_values]
return self
class TDigest(object):
def __init__(self, delta=0.01, K=25):
self.C = AccumulationTree(lambda centroid: centroid.count)
self.n = 0
self.delta = delta
self.K = K
def __add__(self, other_digest):
data = list(chain(self.C.values(), other_digest.C.values()))
new_digest = TDigest(self.delta, self.K)
if len(data) > 0:
for c in pyudorandom.items(data):
new_digest.update(c.mean, c.count)
return new_digest
def __len__(self):
return len(self.C)
def __repr__(self):
return """<T-Digest: n=%d, centroids=%d>""" % (self.n, len(self))
def _add_centroid(self, centroid):
if centroid.mean not in self.C:
self.C.insert(centroid.mean, centroid)
else:
self.C[centroid.mean].update(centroid.mean, centroid.count)
def _compute_centroid_quantile(self, centroid):
denom = self.n
cumulative_sum = self.C.get_left_accumulation(centroid.mean)
return (centroid.count / 2. + cumulative_sum) / denom
def _update_centroid(self, centroid, x, w):
self.C.pop(centroid.mean)
centroid.update(x, w)
self._add_centroid(centroid)
def _find_closest_centroids(self, x):
try:
ceil_key = self.C.ceiling_key(x)
except KeyError:
floor_key = self.C.floor_key(x)
return [self.C[floor_key]]
try:
floor_key = self.C.floor_key(x)
except KeyError:
ceil_key = self.C.ceiling_key(x)
return [self.C[ceil_key]]
if abs(floor_key - x) < abs(ceil_key - x):
return [self.C[floor_key]]
elif abs(floor_key - x) == abs(ceil_key -
x) and (ceil_key != floor_key):
return [self.C[ceil_key], self.C[floor_key]]
else:
return [self.C[ceil_key]]
def _theshold(self, q):
return 4 * self.n * self.delta * q * (1 - q)
def update(self, x, w=1):
"""
Update the t-digest with value x and weight w.
"""
self.n += w
if len(self) == 0:
self._add_centroid(Centroid(x, w))
return
S = self._find_closest_centroids(x)
while len(S) != 0 and w > 0:
j = choice(list(range(len(S))))
c_j = S[j]
q = self._compute_centroid_quantile(c_j)
# This filters the out centroids that do not satisfy the second part
# of the definition of S. See original paper by Dunning.
if c_j.count + w > self._theshold(q):
S.pop(j)
continue
delta_w = min(self._theshold(q) - c_j.count, w)
self._update_centroid(c_j, x, delta_w)
w -= delta_w
S.pop(j)
if w > 0:
self._add_centroid(Centroid(x, w))
if len(self) > self.K / self.delta:
self.compress()
return
def batch_update(self, values, w=1):
"""
Update the t-digest with an iterable of values. This assumes all points have the
same weight.
"""
for x in values:
self.update(x, w)
self.compress()
return
def compress(self):
T = TDigest(self.delta, self.K)
C = list(self.C.values())
for c_i in pyudorandom.items(C):
T.update(c_i.mean, c_i.count)
self.C = T.C
def percentile(self, p):
"""
Computes the percentile of a specific value in [0,100].
"""
if not (0 <= p <= 100):
raise ValueError("p must be between 0 and 100, inclusive.")
t = 0
p = float(p) / 100.
p *= self.n
for i, key in enumerate(self.C.keys()):
c_i = self.C[key]
k = c_i.count
if p < t + k:
if i == 0:
return c_i.mean
elif i == len(self) - 1:
return c_i.mean
else:
delta = (self.C.succ_item(key)[1].mean -
self.C.prev_item(key)[1].mean) / 2.
return c_i.mean + ((p - t) / k - 0.5) * delta
t += k
return self.C.max_item()[1].mean
def quantile(self, q):
"""
Computes the quantile of a specific value, ie. computes F(q) where F denotes
the CDF of the distribution.
"""
t = 0
N = float(self.n)
if len(self) == 1: # only one centroid
return int(q >= self.C.min_key())
for i, key in enumerate(self.C.keys()):
c_i = self.C[key]
if i == len(self) - 1:
delta = (c_i.mean - self.C.prev_item(key)[1].mean) / 2.
else:
delta = (self.C.succ_item(key)[1].mean - c_i.mean) / 2.
z = max(-1, (q - c_i.mean) / delta)
if z < 1:
return t / N + c_i.count / N * (z + 1) / 2
t += c_i.count
return 1
def trimmed_mean(self, p1, p2):
"""
Computes the mean of the distribution between the two percentiles p1 and p2.
This is a modified algorithm than the one presented in the original t-Digest paper.
"""
if not (p1 < p2):
raise ValueError("p1 must be between 0 and 100 and less than p2.")
s = k = t = 0
p1 /= 100.
p2 /= 100.
p1 *= self.n
p2 *= self.n
for i, key in enumerate(self.C.keys()):
c_i = self.C[key]
k_i = c_i.count
if p1 < t + k_i:
if t < p1:
nu = self.__interpolate(i, key, p1 - t)
else:
nu = 1
s += nu * k_i * c_i.mean
k += nu * k_i
if p2 < t + k_i:
nu = self.__interpolate(i, key, p2 - t)
s -= nu * k_i * c_i.mean
k -= nu * k_i
break
t += k_i
return s / k
def __interpolate(self, i, key, diff):
c_i = self.C[key]
k_i = c_i.count
if i == 0:
delta = self.C.succ_item(key)[1].mean - c_i.mean
elif i == len(self) - 1:
delta = c_i.mean - self.C.prev_item(key)[1].mean
else:
delta = (self.C.succ_item(key)[1].mean -
self.C.prev_item(key)[1].mean) / 2.
return (diff / k_i - 0.5) * delta