print('New message on topic {0}: {1}'.format(topic, message))
# Connect to WiFi
wifi.connect()
# Set up a MiniMQTT Client
mqtt_client = MQTT(socket,
broker = secrets['broker'],
username = secrets['user'],
password = secrets['pass'],
network_manager = wifi)
# Setup the callback methods above
mqtt_client.on_connect = connected
mqtt_client.on_disconnect = disconnected
mqtt_client.on_message = message
# Connect the client to the MQTT broker.
mqtt_client.connect()
photocell_val = 0
while True:
# Poll the message queue
mqtt_client.loop()
# Send a new message
print('Sending photocell value: %d'%photocell_val)
mqtt_client.publish(default_topic, photocell_val)
photocell_val += 1
time.sleep(0.5)
wifi.connect()
# Set up a MiniMQTT Client
client = MQTT(socket,
broker=secrets['broker'],
username=secrets['user'],
password=secrets['pass'],
network_manager=wifi)
# Connect callback handlers to client
client.on_connect = connect
client.on_disconnect = disconnect
client.on_subscribe = subscribe
client.on_unsubscribe = unsubscribe
client.on_publish = publish
print('Attempting to connect to %s' % client.broker)
client.connect()
print('Subscribing to %s' % mqtt_topic)
client.subscribe(mqtt_topic)
print('Publishing to %s' % mqtt_topic)
client.publish(mqtt_topic, 'Hello Broker!')
print('Unsubscribing from %s' % mqtt_topic)
client.unsubscribe(mqtt_topic)
print('Disconnecting from %s' % client.broker)
client.disconnect()
class IoTMQTT:
"""MQTT client for Azure IoT
"""
def _gen_sas_token(self) -> str:
token_expiry = int(time.time() + self._token_expires)
uri = self._hostname + "%2Fdevices%2F" + self._device_id
signed_hmac_sha256 = compute_derived_symmetric_key(
self._key, uri + "\n" + str(token_expiry))
signature = quote(signed_hmac_sha256, "~()*!.'")
if signature.endswith(
"\n"
): # somewhere along the crypto chain a newline is inserted
signature = signature[:-1]
token = "SharedAccessSignature sr={}&sig={}&se={}".format(
uri, signature, token_expiry)
return token
def _create_mqtt_client(self) -> None:
minimqtt.set_socket(self._socket, self._iface)
self._mqtts = MQTT(
broker=self._hostname,
username=self._username,
password=self._passwd,
port=8883,
keep_alive=120,
is_ssl=True,
client_id=self._device_id,
log=True,
)
self._mqtts.logger.setLevel(self._logger.getEffectiveLevel())
# set actions to take throughout connection lifecycle
self._mqtts.on_connect = self._on_connect
self._mqtts.on_log = self._on_log
self._mqtts.on_publish = self._on_publish
self._mqtts.on_disconnect = self._on_disconnect
# initiate the connection using the adafruit_minimqtt library
self._mqtts.connect()
# pylint: disable=C0103, W0613
def _on_connect(self, client, userdata, _, rc) -> None:
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: _on_connect :: rc = " + str(rc) +
", userdata = " + str(userdata))
if rc == 0:
self._mqtt_connected = True
self._auth_response_received = True
self._callback.connection_status_change(True)
# pylint: disable=C0103, W0613
def _on_log(self, client, userdata, level, buf) -> None:
self._logger.info("mqtt-log : " + buf)
if level <= 8:
self._logger.error("mqtt-log : " + buf)
def _on_disconnect(self, client, userdata, rc) -> None:
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: _on_disconnect :: rc = " + str(rc))
self._auth_response_received = True
if rc == 5:
self._logger.error("on(disconnect) : Not authorized")
self.disconnect()
if rc == 1:
self._mqtt_connected = False
if rc != 5:
self._callback.connection_status_change(False)
def _on_publish(self, client, data, topic, msg_id) -> None:
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: _on_publish :: " + str(data) +
" on topic " + str(topic))
# pylint: disable=W0703
def _handle_device_twin_update(self, client, topic: str, msg: str) -> None:
self._logger.debug("- iot_mqtt :: _echo_desired :: " + topic)
twin = None
desired = None
try:
twin = json.loads(msg)
except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
self._logger.error(
"ERROR: JSON parse for Device Twin message object has failed. => "
+ msg + " => " + str(e))
return
if "reported" in twin:
reported = twin["reported"]
if "$version" in reported:
reported_version = reported["$version"]
reported.pop("$version")
else:
self._logger.error(
"ERROR: Unexpected payload for reported twin update => " +
msg)
return
for property_name, value in reported.items():
self._callback.device_twin_reported_updated(
property_name, value, reported_version)
is_patch = "desired" not in twin
if is_patch:
desired = twin
else:
desired = twin["desired"]
if "$version" in desired:
desired_version = desired["$version"]
desired.pop("$version")
else:
self._logger.error(
"ERROR: Unexpected payload for desired twin update => " + msg)
return
for property_name, value in desired.items():
self._callback.device_twin_desired_updated(property_name, value,
desired_version)
def _handle_direct_method(self, client, topic: str, msg: str) -> None:
index = topic.find("$rid=")
method_id = 1
method_name = "None"
if index == -1:
self._logger.error("ERROR: C2D doesn't include topic id")
else:
method_id = topic[index + 5:]
topic_template = "$iothub/methods/POST/"
len_temp = len(topic_template)
method_name = topic[len_temp:topic.find("/", len_temp + 1)]
ret = self._callback.direct_method_invoked(method_name, msg)
gc.collect()
ret_code = 200
ret_message = "{}"
if ret.response_code is not None:
ret_code = ret.response_code
if ret.response_message is not None:
ret_message = ret.response_message
# ret message must be JSON
if not ret_message.startswith("{") or not ret_message.endswith(
"}"):
ret_json = {"Value": ret_message}
ret_message = json.dumps(ret_json)
next_topic = "$iothub/methods/res/{}/?$rid={}".format(
ret_code, method_id)
self._logger.info("C2D: => " + next_topic + " with data " +
ret_message + " and name => " + method_name)
self._send_common(next_topic, ret_message)
def _handle_cloud_to_device_message(self, client, topic: str,
msg: str) -> None:
parts = topic.split("&")[1:]
properties = {}
for part in parts:
key_value = part.split("=")
properties[key_value[0]] = key_value[1]
self._callback.cloud_to_device_message_received(msg, properties)
gc.collect()
def _send_common(self, topic: str, data) -> None:
# Convert data to a string
if isinstance(data, dict):
data = json.dumps(data)
if not isinstance(data, str):
raise IoTError("Data must be a string or a dictionary")
self._logger.debug("Sending message on topic: " + topic)
self._logger.debug("Sending message: " + str(data))
retry = 0
while True:
gc.collect()
try:
self._logger.debug("Trying to send...")
self._mqtts.publish(topic, data)
self._logger.debug("Data sent")
break
except RuntimeError as runtime_error:
self._logger.info(
"Could not send data, retrying after 0.5 seconds: " +
str(runtime_error))
retry = retry + 1
if retry >= 10:
self._logger.error("Failed to send data")
raise
time.sleep(0.5)
continue
gc.collect()
def _get_device_settings(self) -> None:
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: _get_device_settings :: ")
self.loop()
self._send_common("$iothub/twin/GET/?$rid=0", " ")
# pylint: disable=R0913
def __init__(
self,
callback: IoTMQTTCallback,
socket,
iface,
hostname: str,
device_id: str,
key: str,
token_expires: int = 21600,
logger: logging = None,
):
"""Create the Azure IoT MQTT client
:param IoTMQTTCallback callback: A callback class
:param socket: The socket to communicate over
:param iface: The network interface to communicate over
:param str hostname: The hostname of the MQTT broker to connect to, get this by registering the device
:param str device_id: The device ID of the device to register
:param str key: The primary or secondary key of the device to register
:param int token_expires: The number of seconds till the token expires, defaults to 6 hours
:param adafruit_logging logger: The logger
"""
self._callback = callback
self._socket = socket
self._iface = iface
self._mqtt_connected = False
self._auth_response_received = False
self._mqtts = None
self._device_id = device_id
self._hostname = hostname
self._key = key
self._token_expires = token_expires
self._username = "******".format(
self._hostname, device_id, constants.IOTC_API_VERSION)
self._passwd = self._gen_sas_token()
self._logger = logger if logger is not None else logging.getLogger(
"log")
self._is_subscribed_to_twins = False
def _subscribe_to_core_topics(self):
device_bound_topic = "devices/{}/messages/devicebound/#".format(
self._device_id)
self._mqtts.add_topic_callback(device_bound_topic,
self._handle_cloud_to_device_message)
self._mqtts.subscribe(device_bound_topic)
self._mqtts.add_topic_callback("$iothub/methods/#",
self._handle_direct_method)
self._mqtts.subscribe("$iothub/methods/#")
def _subscribe_to_twin_topics(self):
self._mqtts.add_topic_callback(
"$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/desired/#",
self._handle_device_twin_update)
self._mqtts.subscribe("$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/desired/#"
) # twin desired property changes
self._mqtts.add_topic_callback("$iothub/twin/res/200/#",
self._handle_device_twin_update)
self._mqtts.subscribe(
"$iothub/twin/res/200/#") # twin properties response
def connect(self) -> bool:
"""Connects to the MQTT broker
:returns: True if the connection is successful, otherwise False
:rtype: bool
"""
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: connect :: " + self._hostname)
self._create_mqtt_client()
self._logger.info(
" - iot_mqtt :: connect :: created mqtt client. connecting..")
while self._auth_response_received is None:
self.loop()
self._logger.info(
" - iot_mqtt :: connect :: on_connect must be fired. Connected ? "
+ str(self.is_connected()))
if not self.is_connected():
return False
self._mqtt_connected = True
self._auth_response_received = True
self._subscribe_to_core_topics()
return True
def subscribe_to_twins(self) -> None:
"""Subscribes to digital twin updates
Only call this if your tier of IoT Hub supports this
"""
if self._is_subscribed_to_twins:
return
# do this separately as this is not supported in B1 hubs
self._subscribe_to_twin_topics()
self._get_device_settings()
self._is_subscribed_to_twins = True
def disconnect(self) -> None:
"""Disconnects from the MQTT broker
"""
if not self.is_connected():
return
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: disconnect :: ")
self._mqtt_connected = False
self._mqtts.disconnect()
def reconnect(self) -> None:
"""Reconnects to the MQTT broker
"""
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: reconnect :: ")
self._mqtts.reconnect()
def is_connected(self) -> bool:
"""Gets if there is an open connection to the MQTT broker
:returns: True if there is an open connection, False if not
:rtype: bool
"""
return self._mqtt_connected
def loop(self) -> None:
"""Listens for MQTT messages
"""
if not self.is_connected():
return
self._mqtts.loop()
gc.collect()
def send_device_to_cloud_message(self,
message,
system_properties: dict = None) -> None:
"""Send a device to cloud message from this device to Azure IoT Hub
:param message: The message data as a JSON string or a dictionary
:param system_properties: System properties to send with the message
:raises: ValueError if the message is not a string or dictionary
:raises RuntimeError: if the internet connection is not responding or is unable to connect
"""
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: send_device_to_cloud_message :: " +
message)
topic = "devices/{}/messages/events/".format(self._device_id)
if system_properties is not None:
firstProp = True
for prop in system_properties:
if not firstProp:
topic += "&"
else:
firstProp = False
topic += prop + "=" + str(system_properties[prop])
# Convert message to a string
if isinstance(message, dict):
message = json.dumps(message)
if not isinstance(message, str):
raise ValueError("message must be a string or a dictionary")
self._send_common(topic, message)
self._callback.message_sent(message)
def send_twin_patch(self, patch) -> None:
"""Send a patch for the reported properties of the device twin
:param patch: The patch as a JSON string or a dictionary
:raises: IoTError if the data is not a string or dictionary
:raises RuntimeError: if the internet connection is not responding or is unable to connect
"""
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: sendProperty :: " + str(patch))
topic = "$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/reported/?$rid={}".format(
int(time.time()))
self._send_common(topic, patch)
class IoTMQTT:
"""MQTT client for Azure IoT
"""
_iotc_api_version = constants["iotcAPIVersion"]
def _gen_sas_token(self):
token_expiry = int(time.time() + self._token_expires)
uri = self._hostname + "%2Fdevices%2F" + self._device_id
signed_hmac_sha256 = DeviceRegistration.compute_derived_symmetric_key(
self._key, uri + "\n" + str(token_expiry))
signature = parse.quote(signed_hmac_sha256, "~()*!.'")
if signature.endswith(
"\n"
): # somewhere along the crypto chain a newline is inserted
signature = signature[:-1]
token = "SharedAccessSignature sr={}&sig={}&se={}".format(
uri, signature, token_expiry)
return token
# Workaround for https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_MiniMQTT/issues/25
def _try_create_mqtt_client(self, hostname):
minimqtt.set_socket(socket, self._wifi_manager.esp)
self._mqtts = MQTT(
broker=hostname,
username=self._username,
password=self._passwd,
port=8883,
keep_alive=120,
is_ssl=True,
client_id=self._device_id,
log=True,
)
self._mqtts.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
# set actions to take throughout connection lifecycle
self._mqtts.on_connect = self._on_connect
self._mqtts.on_message = self._on_message
self._mqtts.on_log = self._on_log
self._mqtts.on_publish = self._on_publish
self._mqtts.on_disconnect = self._on_disconnect
# initiate the connection using the adafruit_minimqtt library
self._mqtts.last_will()
self._mqtts.connect()
def _create_mqtt_client(self):
try:
self._try_create_mqtt_client(self._hostname)
except ValueError:
# Workaround for https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_MiniMQTT/issues/25
self._try_create_mqtt_client("https://" + self._hostname)
# pylint: disable=C0103, W0613
def _on_connect(self, client, userdata, _, rc):
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: _on_connect :: rc = " + str(rc) +
", userdata = " + str(userdata))
if rc == 0:
self._mqtt_connected = True
self._auth_response_received = True
self._callback.connection_status_change(True)
# pylint: disable=C0103, W0613
def _on_log(self, client, userdata, level, buf):
self._logger.info("mqtt-log : " + buf)
if level <= 8:
self._logger.error("mqtt-log : " + buf)
def _on_disconnect(self, client, userdata, rc):
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: _on_disconnect :: rc = " + str(rc))
self._auth_response_received = True
if rc == 5:
self._logger.error("on(disconnect) : Not authorized")
self.disconnect()
if rc == 1:
self._mqtt_connected = False
if rc != 5:
self._callback.connection_status_change(False)
def _on_publish(self, client, data, topic, msg_id):
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: _on_publish :: " + str(data) +
" on topic " + str(topic))
# pylint: disable=W0703
def _handle_device_twin_update(self, msg: str, topic: str):
self._logger.debug("- iot_mqtt :: _echo_desired :: " + topic)
twin = None
desired = None
print(msg)
try:
twin = json.loads(msg)
except Exception as e:
self._logger.error(
"ERROR: JSON parse for Device Twin message object has failed. => "
+ msg + " => " + str(e))
return
if "reported" in twin:
reported = twin["reported"]
if "$version" in reported:
reported_version = reported["$version"]
reported.pop("$version")
else:
self._logger.error(
"ERROR: Unexpected payload for reported twin update => " +
msg)
return
for property_name, value in reported.items():
self._callback.device_twin_reported_updated(
property_name, value, reported_version)
is_patch = "desired" not in twin
if is_patch:
desired = twin
else:
desired = twin["desired"]
if "$version" in desired:
desired_version = desired["$version"]
desired.pop("$version")
else:
self._logger.error(
"ERROR: Unexpected payload for desired twin update => " + msg)
return
for property_name, value in desired.items():
self._callback.device_twin_desired_updated(property_name, value,
desired_version)
def _handle_direct_method(self, msg: str, topic: str):
index = topic.find("$rid=")
method_id = 1
method_name = "None"
if index == -1:
self._logger.error("ERROR: C2D doesn't include topic id")
else:
method_id = topic[index + 5:]
topic_template = "$iothub/methods/POST/"
len_temp = len(topic_template)
method_name = topic[len_temp:topic.find("/", len_temp + 1)]
ret = self._callback.direct_method_called(method_name, msg)
ret_code = 200
ret_message = "{}"
if ret.get_response_code() is not None:
ret_code = ret.get_response_code()
if ret.get_response_message() is not None:
ret_message = ret.get_response_message()
# ret message must be JSON
if not ret_message.startswith("{") or not ret_message.endswith(
"}"):
ret_json = {"Value": ret_message}
ret_message = json.dumps(ret_json)
next_topic = "$iothub/methods/res/{}/?$rid={}".format(
ret_code, method_id)
self._logger.info("C2D: => " + next_topic + " with data " +
ret_message + " and name => " + method_name)
self._send_common(next_topic, ret_message)
def _handle_cloud_to_device_message(self, msg: str, topic: str):
parts = topic.split("&")[1:]
properties = {}
for part in parts:
key_value = part.split("=")
properties[key_value[0]] = key_value[1]
self._callback.cloud_to_device_message_received(msg, properties)
# pylint: disable=W0702, R0912
def _on_message(self, client, msg_topic, payload):
topic = ""
msg = None
print("Topic: ", str(msg_topic))
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: _on_message :: payload(" +
str(payload) + ")")
if payload is not None:
try:
msg = payload.decode("utf-8")
except:
msg = str(payload)
if msg_topic is not None:
try:
topic = msg_topic.decode("utf-8")
except:
topic = str(msg_topic)
if topic.startswith("$iothub/"):
if topic.startswith("$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/desired/"
) or topic.startswith(
"$iothub/twin/res/200/?$rid="):
self._handle_device_twin_update(str(msg), topic)
elif topic.startswith("$iothub/methods"):
self._handle_direct_method(str(msg), topic)
else:
if not topic.startswith(
"$iothub/twin/res/"): # not twin response
self._logger.error("ERROR: unknown twin! - {}".format(msg))
elif topic.startswith("devices/{}/messages/devicebound".format(
self._device_id)):
self._handle_cloud_to_device_message(str(msg), topic)
else:
self._logger.error("ERROR: (unknown message) - {}".format(msg))
def _send_common(self, topic, data) -> None:
self._logger.debug("Sending message on topic: " + topic)
self._logger.debug("Sending message: " + str(data))
retry = 0
while True:
gc.collect()
try:
self._logger.debug("Trying to send...")
self._mqtts.publish(topic, data)
self._logger.debug("Data sent")
break
except RuntimeError as runtime_error:
self._logger.info(
"Could not send data, retrying after 0.5 seconds: " +
str(runtime_error))
retry = retry + 1
if retry >= 10:
self._logger.error("Failed to send data")
raise
time.sleep(0.5)
continue
print("finished _send_common")
gc.collect()
def _get_device_settings(self) -> None:
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: _get_device_settings :: ")
self.loop()
self._send_common("$iothub/twin/GET/?$rid=0", " ")
# pylint: disable=R0913
def __init__(self,
callback: IoTMQTTCallback,
wifi_manager: ESPSPI_WiFiManager,
hostname: str,
device_id: str,
key: str,
token_expires: int = 21600,
logger: logging = None):
"""Create the Azure IoT MQTT client
:param wifi_manager: The WiFi manager
:param IoTMQTTCallback callback: A callback class
:param str hostname: The hostname of the MQTT broker to connect to, get this by registering the device
:param str device_id: The device ID of the device to register
:param str key: The primary or secondary key of the device to register
:param int token_expires: The number of seconds till the token expires, defaults to 6 hours
:param adafruit_logging logger: The logger
"""
self._wifi_manager = wifi_manager
self._callback = callback
self._mqtt_connected = False
self._auth_response_received = False
self._mqtts = None
self._device_id = device_id
self._hostname = hostname
self._key = key
self._token_expires = token_expires
self._username = "******".format(self._hostname,
device_id,
self._iotc_api_version)
self._passwd = self._gen_sas_token()
self._logger = logger if logger is not None else logging.getLogger(
"log")
def connect(self):
"""Connects to the MQTT broker
"""
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: connect :: " + self._hostname)
self._create_mqtt_client()
self._logger.info(
" - iot_mqtt :: connect :: created mqtt client. connecting..")
while self._auth_response_received is None:
self.loop()
self._logger.info(
" - iot_mqtt :: connect :: on_connect must be fired. Connected ? "
+ str(self.is_connected()))
if not self.is_connected():
return 1
self._mqtt_connected = True
self._auth_response_received = True
self._mqtts.subscribe("devices/{}/messages/events/#".format(
self._device_id))
self._mqtts.subscribe("devices/{}/messages/devicebound/#".format(
self._device_id))
self._mqtts.subscribe("$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/desired/#"
) # twin desired property changes
self._mqtts.subscribe("$iothub/twin/res/#") # twin properties response
self._mqtts.subscribe("$iothub/methods/#")
if self._get_device_settings() == 0:
self._callback.settings_updated()
else:
return 1
return 0
def disconnect(self):
"""Disconnects from the MQTT broker
"""
if not self.is_connected():
return
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: disconnect :: ")
self._mqtt_connected = False
self._mqtts.disconnect()
def is_connected(self):
"""Gets if there is an open connection to the MQTT broker
"""
return self._mqtt_connected
def loop(self):
"""Listens for MQTT messages
"""
if not self.is_connected():
return
self._mqtts.loop()
def _send_common(self, topic, data):
self._mqtts.publish(topic, data)
def send_device_to_cloud_message(self,
data,
system_properties=None) -> None:
"""Send a device to cloud message from this device to Azure IoT Hub
"""
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: send_device_to_cloud_message :: " +
data)
topic = "devices/{}/messages/events/".format(self._device_id)
if system_properties is not None:
firstProp = True
for prop in system_properties:
if not firstProp:
topic += "&"
else:
firstProp = False
topic += prop + "=" + str(system_properties[prop])
self._send_common(topic, data)
self._callback.message_sent(data)
def send_twin_patch(self, data):
"""Send a patch for the reported properties of the device twin
"""
self._logger.info("- iot_mqtt :: sendProperty :: " + data)
topic = "$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/reported/?$rid={}".format(
int(time.time()))
return self._send_common(topic, data)
