def test_wrong_b64_content(self):
tmp = self._get_tempfile()
code = textwrap.dedent("""
write_files:
- content: l
encoding: b64
path: {}
""".format(tmp))
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'userdataplugins.cloudconfigplugins.'
'write_files') as snatcher:
self.plugin.process_non_multipart(code)
self.assertTrue(
snatcher.output[0].startswith("Fail to decode base64 content."))
def test__http_request(self, mock_urllib_request):
mock_urllib_request.Request.return_value = mock.sentinel.request
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.metadata.services.'
'cloudstack') as snatcher:
self._service._http_request(mock.sentinel.url)
expected_logging = [
'Getting metadata from: %s' % mock.sentinel.url,
]
mock_urllib_request.Request.assert_called_once_with(mock.sentinel.url)
mock_urllib_request.urlopen.assert_called_once_with(
mock.sentinel.request)
mock_urlopen = mock_urllib_request.urlopen.return_value
mock_urlopen.read.assert_called_once_with()
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output)
def test_set_metadata_password_already_set(self):
mock_service = mock.MagicMock()
mock_service.is_password_set = True
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'setuserpassword') as snatcher:
response = self._setpassword_plugin._set_metadata_password(
mock.sentinel.fake_password, mock_service)
self.assertTrue(response)
expected_logging = [
'User\'s password already set in the '
'instance metadata and it cannot be '
'updated in the instance metadata'
]
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output)
def _test_execute(self,
mock_post_create_user,
mock_create_user,
mock_get_password,
mock_get_os_utils,
user_exists=True,
group_adding_works=True):
shared_data = {}
mock_osutils = mock.MagicMock()
mock_service = mock.MagicMock()
mock_get_password.return_value = 'password'
mock_get_os_utils.return_value = mock_osutils
mock_osutils.user_exists.return_value = user_exists
if not group_adding_works:
mock_osutils.add_user_to_local_group.side_effect = Exception
with testutils.LogSnatcher("cloudbaseinit.plugins.common."
"createuser") as snatcher:
response = self._create_user.execute(mock_service, shared_data)
mock_get_os_utils.assert_called_once_with()
mock_get_password.assert_called_once_with(mock_osutils)
mock_osutils.user_exists.assert_called_once_with(CONF.username)
if user_exists:
mock_osutils.set_user_password.assert_called_once_with(
CONF.username, 'password')
expected_logging = [
"Setting password for existing user \"%s\"" % CONF.username
]
else:
mock_create_user.assert_called_once_with(CONF.username, 'password',
mock_osutils)
expected_logging = [
"Creating user \"%s\" and setting password" % CONF.username
]
mock_post_create_user.assert_called_once_with(CONF.username,
'password', mock_osutils)
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output[:1])
if not group_adding_works:
failed = snatcher.output[1].startswith(
"Cannot add user to group \"Admins\"")
self.assertTrue(failed)
mock_osutils.add_user_to_local_group.assert_called_once_with(
CONF.username, CONF.groups[0])
self.assertEqual((base.PLUGIN_EXECUTION_DONE, False), response)
def _test_configure_host(self,
mock_get_metadata_service,
mock_get_os_utils,
mock_load_plugins,
mock_get_version,
mock_check_latest_version,
mock_handle_plugins_stage,
expected_logging,
version,
name,
instance_id,
reboot=True):
mock_get_version.return_value = version
fake_service = mock.MagicMock()
fake_plugin = mock.MagicMock()
mock_load_plugins.return_value = [fake_plugin]
mock_get_os_utils.return_value = self.osutils
mock_get_metadata_service.return_value = fake_service
fake_service.get_name.return_value = name
fake_service.get_instance_id.return_value = instance_id
mock_handle_plugins_stage.side_effect = [False, False, True]
stages = [
base.PLUGIN_STAGE_PRE_NETWORKING,
base.PLUGIN_STAGE_PRE_METADATA_DISCOVERY, base.PLUGIN_STAGE_MAIN
]
stage_calls_list = [[self.osutils, None, None, stage]
for stage in stages]
stage_calls_list[2][1] = fake_service
stage_calls_list[2][2] = instance_id
stage_calls = [mock.call(*args) for args in stage_calls_list]
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.init') as snatcher:
self._init.configure_host()
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output)
mock_check_latest_version.assert_called_once_with()
if CONF.reset_service_password:
self.osutils.reset_service_password.assert_called_once_with()
self.osutils.wait_for_boot_completion.assert_called_once_with()
mock_get_metadata_service.assert_called_once_with()
fake_service.get_name.assert_called_once_with()
fake_service.get_instance_id.assert_called_once_with()
fake_service.cleanup.assert_called_once_with()
mock_handle_plugins_stage.assert_has_calls(stage_calls)
if reboot:
self.osutils.reboot.assert_called_once_with()
else:
self.assertFalse(self.osutils.reboot.called)
def test_execute_hostname_to_be_truncated(self):
new_hostname = 'x' * (hostname.NETBIOS_HOST_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1)
expected_new_hostname = new_hostname[:-1]
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.utils.'
'hostname') as snatcher:
self._test_set_hostname(
new_hostname=new_hostname,
expected_new_hostname=expected_new_hostname)
expected = [
'Truncating host name for Netbios compatibility. '
'Old name: {0}, new name: {1}'.format(new_hostname,
expected_new_hostname),
'Setting hostname: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'
]
self.assertEqual(expected, snatcher.output)
def test_processing_plugin_failed(self, mock_write_files):
mock_write_files.side_effect = ValueError
code = textwrap.dedent("""
write_files:
- content: NDI=
path: random_cloudbaseinit_test
""")
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'userdataplugins.cloudconfig') as snatcher:
self.plugin.process_non_multipart(code)
self.assertTrue(snatcher.output[0].startswith(
"Processing plugin write_files failed"))
self.assertTrue(snatcher.output[0].endswith("ValueError"))
self.assertFalse(os.path.exists('random_cloudbaseinit_test'))
def setUp(self):
self.mock_wmi = mock.MagicMock()
self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
patcher = mock.patch.dict(
"sys.modules",
{
"wmi": self.mock_wmi,
"six.moves": self._moves_mock
}
)
patcher.start()
self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)
self._winreg_mock = self._moves_mock.winreg
self._azureguestagent = importlib.import_module(MODPATH)
self._azureagentplugin = self._azureguestagent.AzureGuestAgentPlugin()
self.snatcher = testutils.LogSnatcher(MODPATH)
def test_missing_required_keys(self):
code = textwrap.dedent("""
write_files:
- c0ntent: NDI=
""")
expected_return = [
"Missing required keys from file "
"information {'c0ntent': 'NDI='}"
]
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'userdataplugins.cloudconfigplugins.'
'write_files') as snatcher:
self.plugin.process_non_multipart(code)
self.assertEqual(expected_return, snatcher.output)
def test_exec_plugin_exception_occurs(self):
fake_name = 'fake name'
mock_plugin = mock.MagicMock()
mock_plugin.get_name.return_value = fake_name
mock_plugin.execute.side_effect = Exception
expected_logging = [
"Executing plugin 'fake name'",
"plugin 'fake name' failed with error ''"
]
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.init') as snatcher:
self._init._exec_plugin(osutils=self.osutils,
service='fake service',
plugin=mock_plugin,
instance_id='fake id',
shared_data='shared data')
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output[:2])
def test_process_permissions(self):
for permissions in (0o644, '0644', '0o644', 420, 420.1):
self.assertEqual(420,
write_files._convert_permissions(permissions))
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'userdataplugins.cloudconfigplugins.'
'write_files') as snatcher:
response = write_files._convert_permissions(mock.sentinel.invalid)
expected_logging = [
'Fail to process permissions %s, assuming 420' %
mock.sentinel.invalid
]
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output)
self.assertEqual(write_files.DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS, response)
def _test_execute(self,
mock_get_os_utils,
mock_set_metadata_password,
mock_set_password,
is_password_set,
can_post_password,
can_update_password=False):
mock_service = mock.MagicMock()
mock_osutils = mock.MagicMock()
fake_shared_data = mock.MagicMock()
fake_shared_data.get.return_value = 'fake username'
mock_service.is_password_set = is_password_set
mock_service.can_post_password = can_post_password
mock_service.can_update_password = can_update_password
mock_get_os_utils.return_value = mock_osutils
mock_osutils.user_exists.return_value = True
mock_set_password.return_value = 'fake password'
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'setuserpassword') as snatcher:
response = self._setpassword_plugin.execute(
mock_service, fake_shared_data)
mock_get_os_utils.assert_called_once_with()
fake_shared_data.get.assert_called_with(constants.SHARED_DATA_USERNAME,
CONF.username)
mock_osutils.user_exists.assert_called_once_with('fake username')
mock_set_password.assert_called_once_with(mock_service, mock_osutils,
'fake username',
fake_shared_data)
expected_logging = [
"Password succesfully updated for user fake username",
]
if can_post_password:
mock_set_metadata_password.assert_called_once_with(
'fake password', mock_service)
else:
expected_logging.append("Cannot set the password in the metadata "
"as it is not supported by this service")
self.assertFalse(mock_set_metadata_password.called)
if can_update_password:
self.assertEqual((2, False), response)
else:
self.assertEqual((1, False), response)
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output)
def _test_set_password(self,
mock_get_password,
mock_change_logon_behaviour,
password,
can_update_password,
is_password_changed,
max_password_length=20,
injected=False):
expected_password = password
expected_logging = []
user = '******'
mock_get_password.return_value = (password, injected)
mock_service = mock.MagicMock()
mock_osutils = mock.MagicMock()
if not password:
expected_password = "******" * CONF.user_password_length
mock_osutils.generate_random_password.return_value = expected_password
mock_service.can_update_password = can_update_password
mock_service.is_password_changed.return_value = is_password_changed
with testutils.ConfPatcher('user_password_length',
max_password_length):
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'setuserpassword') as snatcher:
response = self._setpassword_plugin._set_password(
mock_service, mock_osutils, user,
mock.sentinel.shared_data)
if can_update_password and not is_password_changed:
expected_logging.append('Updating password is not required.')
expected_password = None
if not password:
expected_logging.append('Generating a random user password')
if not can_update_password or is_password_changed:
mock_get_password.assert_called_once_with(
mock_service, mock.sentinel.shared_data)
self.assertEqual(expected_password, response)
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output)
if password and can_update_password and is_password_changed:
mock_change_logon_behaviour.assert_called_once_with(
user, password_injected=injected)
def test__bind_dhcp_client_socket(self, mock_time_sleep):
mock_socket = mock.Mock()
exc = socket.error()
exc.errno = 48
mock_socket.bind = mock.Mock(side_effect=exc)
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.utils.dhcp') as snatcher:
with self.assertRaises(socket.error):
dhcp._bind_dhcp_client_socket(
mock_socket,
max_bind_attempts=4,
bind_retry_interval=mock.sentinel.bind_retry_interval)
expected_occurences = sum(
1 for item in snatcher.output
if item.startswith("Retrying to bind DHCP client port in "))
self.assertEqual(3, expected_occurences)
def test_old_plugin_mapping(self, mock_load_class):
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.'
'factory') as snatcher:
factory.load_plugins(None)
expected = [
"Old plugin module 'cloudbaseinit.plugins.windows."
"localscripts.LocalScriptsPlugin' was found. "
"The new name is 'cloudbaseinit.plugins.common."
"localscripts.LocalScriptsPlugin'. The old name will not "
"be supported starting with cloudbaseinit 1.0",
]
expected_call = mock.call('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'localscripts.LocalScriptsPlugin')
self.assertEqual(expected, snatcher.output)
called = mock_load_class.mock_calls[0]
self.assertEqual(expected_call, called)
def setUp(self):
self.mock_wmi = mock.MagicMock()
self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
patcher = mock.patch.dict(
"sys.modules",
{
"wmi": self.mock_wmi,
"six.moves": self._moves_mock
}
)
patcher.start()
self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)
rdp = importlib.import_module(
"cloudbaseinit.plugins.windows.rdp")
self.rdp_settings = rdp.RDPSettingsPlugin()
self.rdp_post = rdp.RDPPostCertificateThumbprintPlugin()
self.snatcher = testutils.LogSnatcher(MODPATH)
def test__create_user_logon_fails(self):
mock_osutils = mock.Mock()
mock_osutils.create_user_logon_session.side_effect = Exception
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.windows.'
'createuser') as snatcher:
self._create_user._create_user_logon(mock.sentinel.user_name,
mock.sentinel.password,
mock_osutils)
mock_osutils.create_user_logon_session.assert_called_once_with(
mock.sentinel.user_name, mock.sentinel.password, True)
self.assertFalse(mock_osutils.close_user_logon_session.called)
logging_message = (
"Cannot create a user logon session for user: \"%s\"" %
mock.sentinel.user_name)
self.assertTrue(snatcher.output[0].startswith(logging_message))
def test_get_password(self, mock_password_client):
headers = {"DomU_Request": "send_my_password"}
expected_password = "******"
mock_password_client.return_value = expected_password
expected_output = [
"Try to get password from the Password Server.",
"The password server returned a valid password "
"for the current instance."
]
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.metadata.services.'
'cloudstack') as snatcher:
password = self._service._get_password()
mock_password_client.assert_called_once_with(headers=headers)
self.assertEqual(expected_password, password)
self.assertEqual(expected_output, snatcher.output)
def test_process_user(self, mock_get_os_utils, mock_create_user):
fake_data = [
{
'name': 'fake_user',
'gecos': 'fake user name',
'primary_group': 'Users',
'groups': 'test',
'ssh_authorized_keys': ["test2", "test1"],
'inactive': False,
'expiredate': '2020-09-01',
'passwd': 'Passw0rd'
}
]
with testutils.LogSnatcher(MODPATH) as snatcher:
res = self.users_plugin.process(fake_data)
self.assertEqual([], snatcher.output)
self.assertEqual(res, False)
def test_process_non_multipart_dont_process_x509(
self, mock_execute_user_data_script):
user_data = textwrap.dedent('''
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIC9zCCAd8CAgPoMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMBsxGTAXBgNVBAMUEHVidW50dUBs
b2NhbGhvc3QwHhcNMTUwNjE1MTAyODUxWhcNMjUwNjEyMTAyODUxWjAbMRkwFwYD
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
''').encode()
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.'
'common.userdata') as snatcher:
status, reboot = self._userdata._process_non_multi_part(user_data=user_data)
expected_logging = ['Found X509 certificate in userdata']
self.assertFalse(mock_execute_user_data_script.called)
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output)
self.assertEqual(1, status)
self.assertFalse(reboot)
def _test_process(self,
mock_write_file,
mock_exec_file,
mock_gettempdir,
mock_get_os_utils,
mock_os_remove,
mock_path_exists,
exception=False):
mock_path_exists.return_value = True
fake_dir_path = os.path.join("fake", "dir")
mock_osutils = mock.MagicMock()
mock_part = mock.MagicMock()
mock_part.get_filename.return_value = "fake_filename"
mock_gettempdir.return_value = fake_dir_path
mock_get_os_utils.return_value = mock_osutils
fake_target = os.path.join(fake_dir_path, "fake_filename")
mock_exec_file.return_value = 'fake response'
if exception:
mock_exec_file.side_effect = [Exception]
with mock.patch(
"cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.userdataplugins."
"shellscript.open",
mock.mock_open(),
create=True):
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'userdataplugins.'
'shellscript') as snatcher:
response = self._shellscript.process(mock_part)
mock_part.get_filename.assert_called_once_with()
mock_write_file.assert_called_once_with(
fake_target, mock_part.get_payload.return_value)
mock_exec_file.assert_called_once_with(fake_target)
mock_part.get_payload.assert_called_once_with(decode=True)
mock_gettempdir.assert_called_once_with()
if not exception:
self.assertEqual('fake response', response)
else:
expected_logging = 'An error occurred during user_data execution'
self.assertTrue(snatcher.output[0].startswith(expected_logging))
mock_os_remove.assert_called_once_with(fake_target)
mock_path_exists.assert_called_once_with(fake_target)
def setUp(self):
self.mock_wmi = mock.MagicMock()
self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
patcher = mock.patch.dict(
"sys.modules", {
"wmi": self.mock_wmi,
"six.moves": self._moves_mock,
'ctypes': mock.MagicMock(),
'ctypes.windll': mock.MagicMock(),
'ctypes.wintypes': mock.MagicMock(),
'winioctlcon': mock.MagicMock()
})
patcher.start()
self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)
bootconfig = importlib.import_module(MODPATH)
self.boot_policy_plugin = bootconfig.BootStatusPolicyPlugin()
self.bcd_config = bootconfig.BCDConfigPlugin()
self.snatcher = testutils.LogSnatcher(MODPATH)
def test_exec_file_no_executor(self, mock_execute_user_data_script,
mock_get_command, _):
mock_get_command.return_value = None
with testutils.create_tempfile() as temp:
with mock.patch(
'cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.userdatautils'
'.open',
create=True):
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'fileexecutils') as snatcher:
retval = fileexecutils.exec_file(temp)
expected_logging = [
'No valid extension or header found'
' in the userdata: %s' % temp
]
self.assertEqual(0, retval)
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output)
def test_process_basic_data(self, mock_os_utils, mock_userdata):
run_commands = ['echo 1', 'echo 2', ['echo', '1'], 'exit 1003']
mock_userdata.return_value = 1003
mock_utils = mock.MagicMock()
mock_utils.get_default_script_exec_header.return_value = 'fake_header'
mock_os_utils.return_value = mock_utils
expected_logging = [
"Running cloud-config runcmd entries.",
"Found 4 cloud-config runcmd entries.",
]
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'userdataplugins.cloudconfigplugins.'
'runcmd') as snatcher:
result_process = self._runcmd_plugin.process(run_commands)
mock_utils.get_default_script_exec_header.assert_called_with()
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output)
self.assertEqual(result_process, True)
def test_unknown_encoding(self):
tmp = self._get_tempfile()
code = textwrap.dedent("""
write_files:
- content: NDI=
path: {}
permissions: '0o466'
""".format(tmp))
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'userdataplugins.cloudconfigplugins.'
'write_files') as snatcher:
self.plugin.process_non_multipart(code)
self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(tmp), "Expected path does not exist.")
with open(tmp) as stream:
self.assertEqual('NDI=', stream.read())
self.assertEqual(["Unknown encoding, doing nothing."], snatcher.output)
def test_parse_mime(self, mock_get_as_string, mock_message_from_string):
fake_user_data = textwrap.dedent('''
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDGTCCAgGgAwIBAgIJAN5fj7R5dNrMMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMCExHzAdBgNV
BAMTFmNsb3VkYmFzZS1pbml0LWV4YW1wbGUwHhcNMTUwNDA4MTIyNDI1WhcNMjUw
''')
expected_logging = ['User data content:\n%s' % fake_user_data]
mock_get_as_string.return_value = fake_user_data
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.'
'userdata') as snatcher:
response = self._userdata._parse_mime(user_data=fake_user_data)
mock_get_as_string.assert_called_once_with(fake_user_data)
mock_message_from_string.assert_called_once_with(
mock_get_as_string.return_value)
self.assertEqual(response, mock_message_from_string().walk())
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output)
def test_delete_password(self, mock_password_client):
fake_url_error = urllib.error.HTTPError(url='127.0.0.1',
code=404,
hdrs={},
fp=None,
msg='error')
fake_connection_error = OSError(10061, "Connection error")
mock_password_client.side_effect = [
cloudstack.SAVED_PASSWORD, cloudstack.BAD_REQUEST, fake_url_error,
fake_connection_error
]
expected_output = [
[
'Remove the password for this instance from the '
'Password Server.',
'Removing password failed due to a connection failure.',
'Failed to remove the password from the Password Server.'
],
[
'Remove the password for this instance from the '
'Password Server.', 'Removing password failed: 404',
'Failed to remove the password from the Password Server.'
],
[
'Remove the password for this instance from the '
'Password Server.',
'Failed to remove the password from the Password Server.'
],
[
'Remove the password for this instance from the '
'Password Server.',
'The password was removed from the Password Server.'
],
]
expected_output_len = len(expected_output)
for _ in range(expected_output_len):
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.metadata.services.'
'cloudstack') as snatcher:
self.assertIsNone(self._service._delete_password())
self.assertEqual(expected_output.pop(), snatcher.output)
self.assertEqual(expected_output_len, mock_password_client.call_count)
def _test_load(self, mock_get_cache_data, ip, cache_data_fails=False):
if cache_data_fails:
mock_get_cache_data.side_effect = Exception
with testutils.ConfPatcher('metadata_base_url', ip, "maas"):
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.metadata.services.'
'maasservice') as snatcher:
response = self._maasservice.load()
if ip is not None:
if not cache_data_fails:
mock_get_cache_data.assert_called_once_with(
'%s/meta-data/' % self._maasservice._metadata_version)
self.assertTrue(response)
else:
expected_logging = 'Metadata not found at URL \'%s\'' % ip
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output[-1])
else:
self.assertFalse(response)
def setUp(self):
self._win32com_mock = mock.MagicMock()
self._ctypes_mock = mock.MagicMock()
self._ctypes_util_mock = mock.MagicMock()
self._win32com_client_mock = mock.MagicMock()
self._pywintypes_mock = mock.MagicMock()
self._module_patcher = mock.patch.dict(
'sys.modules',
{'win32com': self._win32com_mock,
'ctypes': self._ctypes_mock,
'ctypes.util': self._ctypes_util_mock,
'win32com.client': self._win32com_client_mock,
'pywintypes': self._pywintypes_mock})
self._module_patcher.start()
self.addCleanup(self._module_patcher.stop)
self._packet_module = importlib.import_module(MODULE_PATH)
self._packet_service = self._packet_module.PacketService()
self.snatcher = testutils.LogSnatcher(MODULE_PATH)
def _test_is_vfat_drive(self, execute_process_value, expected_logging,
expected_response):
mock_osutils = mock.Mock()
mock_osutils.execute_process.return_value = execute_process_value
with testutils.LogSnatcher('cloudbaseinit.utils.windows.'
'vfat') as snatcher:
with testutils.ConfPatcher('mtools_path', 'mtools_path'):
response = vfat.is_vfat_drive(mock_osutils,
mock.sentinel.drive)
mdir = os.path.join(CONF.mtools_path, "mlabel.exe")
mock_osutils.execute_process.assert_called_once_with(
[mdir, "-i", mock.sentinel.drive, "-s"], shell=False)
self.assertEqual(expected_logging, snatcher.output)
self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)