def test_drop_piece():
""" Adds a new piece to the board & returns True. False if new piece
can't be added to that column.
"""
test_board = c4.create_board()
c4.drop_piece(1, c4.HUMAN, test_board)
assert test_board[-1][1] == c4.HUMAN
c4.drop_piece(2, c4.AI, test_board)
assert test_board[-1][2] == c4.AI
c4.drop_piece(1, c4.HUMAN, test_board)
assert test_board[-2][1] == c4.HUMAN
for i in range(6):
c4.drop_piece(6, c4.HUMAN, test_board)
assert c4.drop_piece(6, c4.AI, test_board) == False
def alphabeta(board, turn, depth, a, b):
possible_moves = get_possible_moves(board)
#TERMINAL CASES
#Case 1: board is a winning state for human
if winning_board(board, 1):
return MoveInfo(-1)
#Case 2: board is a winning state for ai
elif winning_board(board, 2):
return MoveInfo(1)
#Case 3: tie
elif possible_moves == [] or depth == 0:
return MoveInfo(board_evaluation(board, possible_moves, turn))
#search for move
best_move = None
value = -INFINITY if turn == 1 else INFINITY
for move in possible_moves:
piece_type = turn + 1
new_board = copy.deepcopy(board)
row = connect4.get_next_open_row(new_board, move)
connect4.drop_piece(new_board, row, move, piece_type)
child = alphabeta(new_board, (turn + 1) % 2, depth - 1, a, b)
if (child.score > value and turn == 1) or (child.score < value
and turn != 1):
best_move = move
value = child.score
if turn == 1:
a = max(a, value)
if turn != 1:
b = min(b, value)
if a >= b:
break
return MoveInfo(value, best_move)
def main():
board = c4.create_board()
game_over = False
is_human = True
while not game_over:
c4.print_board(board)
player = c4.HUMAN if is_human else c4.AI
if is_human:
print("Your turn")
selection = c4.make_selection(c4.HUMAN)
if selection is None:
continue
else:
print("AI turn")
time.sleep(1)
selection = select_column(board)
d = c4.drop_piece(selection, player, board)
if not d:
continue
if c4.is_winning_move(board):
c4.print_board(board)
print(f"-----------\nPLAYER {player} IS THE WINNER!")
game_over = True
is_human = not is_human
if currentplayer == 1 and human > 0:
open_columns = connect4.open_columns()
print "Open columns: " + str(open_columns)
column = input("Player " + str(currentplayer) + " choose an open column to drop your piece in: \n")
while column not in open_columns:
print "ERROR: " + str(column) + " is not a valid open column"
print "Open columns: " + str(open_columns)
column = input("Player " + str(currentplayer) + " choose an open column to drop your piece in: \n")
winner = connect4.drop_piece(column, currentplayer)
#ai player 1 move
elif currentplayer == 1:
column = ai1.analyze_choices(4, 1, -sys.maxint, sys.maxint)[1]
print "DROP AT: " + str(column)
winner = connect4.drop_piece(column, currentplayer)
#ai player 2 move
else:
column = ai2.analyze_choices(4, 2, -sys.maxint, sys.maxint)[1]
print "DROP AT: " + str(column)
winner = connect4.drop_piece(column, currentplayer)
#if no winner, switch players
if winner != True:
if currentplayer == 1:
def analyze_choices(self, depth, player, alpha, beta):
if depth == 0:
return [self.evaluate(), -1]
elif player == self.ai:
v = -sys.maxint
maxcolumn = -1
columns = connect4.open_columns()
if len(columns) == 0:
return [self.TIE_SCORE, -1]
for column in columns:
win = connect4.drop_piece(column, player)
if win == True:
connect4.undo_piece(column)
return [self.FOUR_SCORE * self.SELF_SCORE, column]
score = self.analyze_choices(depth-1,self.opponent, alpha, beta)[0]
connect4.undo_piece(column)
if score > v:
v = score
maxcolumn = column
if v > alpha:
alpha = v
if beta <= alpha:
break
return [v, maxcolumn]
else:
v = sys.maxint
mincolumn = -1
columns = connect4.open_columns()
if len(columns) == 0:
return [self.TIE_SCORE, -1]
for column in columns:
win = connect4.drop_piece(column, player)
if win == True:
connect4.undo_piece(column)
return [self.FOUR_SCORE * self.OPPONENT_SCORE * -1, column]
score = self.analyze_choices(depth-1,self.ai, alpha, beta)[0]
connect4.undo_piece(column)
if score < v:
v = score
mincolumn = column
if v < beta:
beta = v
if beta <= alpha:
break
return [v, mincolumn]
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if computers == 2:
if winner != True:
print ai1
column = ai1.analyze_choices(ai1.MAX_DEPTH, 1, -sys.maxint, sys.maxint)[1]
for i in range(6):
if connect4.board[i][column] != 0:
row = i - 1
break
elif i == 5:
row = i
break
dropped = connect4.drop_piece(column, 1)
print pygame.time.get_ticks() - lastmove
lastmove = pygame.time.get_ticks()
if dropped == True:
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 75)
text = "Player 1 Wins!"
end = font.render("Player 1 Wins!", 0, (255, 0, 0), None)
DISPLAYSURF.blit(end, (0, 0))
winner = True
tile = pygame.image.load("redtile.png")
board_display[row][column] = tile
DISPLAYSURF.blit(board_display[row][column], (column * 52, row * 52))
pygame.display.update()
if winner != True:
print ai2
def minimax(board, turn, depth):
"""performs minimax algorithm on board bounded by [depth] value given """
possible_moves = get_possible_moves(board)
#Case 1: board is a winning state for human
if winning_board(board, 1):
return MoveInfo(-1)
#Case 2: board is a winning state for ai
elif winning_board(board, 2):
return MoveInfo(1)
#Case 3: tie
elif possible_moves == []:
return MoveInfo(0)
elif depth == 0:
return MoveInfo(board_evaluation(board, possible_moves, turn))
move_information = [] #keeps track of minimax values for moves
for move in possible_moves:
#get board generated by playing move
if turn == 0:
piece_type = 1
else:
piece_type = 2
new_board = copy.deepcopy(board)
row = connect4.get_next_open_row(new_board, move)
connect4.drop_piece(new_board, row, move, piece_type)
#minimax on board
move_info = minimax(new_board, (turn + 1) % 2, depth - 1)
move_info.move = move
#track move information
move_information.append(move_info)
#maximize score for ai
if turn == 1:
bestScore = -10000
curr_idx = 0
best_idx = 0
while curr_idx < len(move_information):
#print(turn)
#print(move_information[curr_idx])
if move_information[curr_idx].score > bestScore:
bestScore = move_information[curr_idx].score
best_idx = curr_idx
elif move_information[curr_idx].score == bestScore:
new_best = random.randint(0, 1)
if (new_best == 1):
best_idx = curr_idx
curr_idx += 1
return move_information[best_idx]
#minimize score for human
bestScore = 10000
curr_idx = 0
best_idx = 0
while curr_idx < len(move_information):
#print(turn)
#print(move_information[curr_idx])
if move_information[curr_idx].score < bestScore:
bestScore = move_information[curr_idx].score
best_idx = curr_idx
elif move_information[curr_idx].score == bestScore:
new_best = random.randint(0, 1)
if (new_best == 1):
best_idx = curr_idx
curr_idx += 1
return move_information[best_idx]