def display_transmission(net: pypsa.Network):
"""Display information about transmission"""
print('\n\n\n# --- TRANSMISSION --- #')
if len(net.links.index) != 0:
links_capacities = get_links_capacity(net)
print(f"Links capacity:\n{links_capacities}\n")
df_power = get_links_power(net)
df_cf = get_links_usage(net)
df_capex = get_links_capex(net)
df_links = pd.concat([df_power.rename('Flows [TWh]'),
df_cf.rename('CF [%]'),
df_capex.rename('capex [M$]')], axis=1)
df_links.loc['AC', 'ccost [M€/GW/km]'] = get_costs('AC', sum(net.snapshot_weightings['objective']))[0]
df_links.loc['DC', 'ccost [M€/GW/km]'] = get_costs('DC', sum(net.snapshot_weightings['objective']))[0]
print(f"Links flows & costs:\n{df_links}\n")
def add_generators(network: pypsa.Network, tech: str) -> pypsa.Network:
"""
Add conventional generators to a Network instance.
Parameters
----------
network: pypsa.Network
A PyPSA Network instance with nodes associated to regions.
tech: str
Type of conventional generator (ccgt or ocgt)
Returns
-------
network: pypsa.Network
Updated network
"""
logger.info(f"Adding {tech} generation.")
assert hasattr(network.buses, "onshore_region"), "Some buses must be associated to an onshore region to add" \
"conventional generators."
# Filter to keep only onshore buses
# buses = network.buses[network.buses.onshore]
buses = network.buses.dropna(subset=["onshore_region"], axis=0)
capital_cost, marginal_cost = get_costs(
tech, sum(network.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
# Get fuel type and efficiency
fuel, efficiency = get_tech_info(tech, ["fuel", "efficiency_ds"])
network.madd("Generator",
buses.index,
suffix=f" Gen {tech}",
bus=buses.index,
p_nom_extendable=True,
type=tech,
carrier=fuel,
efficiency=efficiency,
marginal_cost=marginal_cost,
capital_cost=capital_cost,
x=buses.x.values,
y=buses.y.values)
return network
def get_topology(network: pypsa.Network,
countries: List[str] = None,
p_nom_extendable: bool = True,
extension_multiplier: float = None,
extension_base: str = 'GCA',
use_ex_line_cap: bool = True,
p_max_pu: float = 1.0,
plot: bool = False) -> pypsa.Network:
"""
Load the e-highway network topology (buses and links) using PyPSA.
Parameters
----------
network: pypsa.Network
Network instance
countries: List[str] (default: None)
List of ISO codes of countries for which we want the tyndp topology.
p_nom_extendable: bool (default: True)
Whether line capacity is allowed to be expanded
extension_multiplier: float (default: None)
By how much the capacity can be extended if extendable. If None, no limit on expansion.
extension_base: str (default: GCA)
TYNDP 2040 scenario to use as the basis for computing the max potential of links, can be one of:
- ST (Sustainable Transition): targets reached by national regulation, emission trading schemes and subsidies,
maximising the use of existing infrastructure
~ 180 GW and 94 TWkm
- DG (Distributed Generation): prosumers at the centre - small-scale generation, batteries and fuel-switching
society engaged and empowered
~ 190 GW and 99 TWkm
- GCA (Global Climate Action): full-speed global decarbonisation, large-scale renewables
~ 200 GW and 103 TWkm
The three scenarios are quite similar in terms of NTCs with GCA being the most generous.
use_ex_line_cap: bool (default True)
Whether to use existing line capacity
p_max_pu: float (default: 1.0)
Maximal dispatch per unit of p_nom
plot: bool (default: False)
Whether to show loaded topology or not
Returns
-------
network: pypsa.Network
Updated network
"""
assert countries is None or len(countries) != 0, "Error: Countries list must not be empty. If you want to " \
"obtain, the full topology, don't pass anything as argument."
assert extension_base in ['ST', 'DG', 'GCA'], f"Error: extension_base must be one of ST, DG or GCA, " \
f"received {extension_base}."
topology_dir = f"{data_path}topologies/tyndp2018/generated/"
buses_fn = f"{topology_dir}buses.csv"
assert isfile(
buses_fn), f"Error: Buses are undefined. Please run 'preprocess'."
buses = pd.read_csv(buses_fn, index_col='id')
links_fn = f"{topology_dir}links.csv"
assert isfile(
links_fn), f"Error: Links are undefined. Please run 'preprocess'."
links = pd.read_csv(links_fn, index_col='id')
if countries is not None:
# Check if there is a bus for each country considered
missing_countries = set(countries) - set(buses.index)
assert not missing_countries, f"Error: No buses exist for the following countries: {missing_countries}"
# Remove buses that are not associated with the considered countries
buses = buses.loc[buses.index.isin(countries)]
countries = buses.index
# Converting polygons strings to Polygon object
for region_type in ["onshore_region", "offshore_region"]:
regions = buses[region_type].values
# Convert strings
for i, region in enumerate(regions):
if isinstance(region, str):
regions[i] = shapely.wkt.loads(region)
# If we have only one bus, add it to the network and return
if len(buses) == 1:
network.import_components_from_dataframe(buses, "Bus")
return network
# Remove links for which one of the two end buses has been removed
links = pd.DataFrame(links.loc[links.bus0.isin(buses.index)
& links.bus1.isin(buses.index)])
# Removing offshore buses that are not connected anymore
connected_buses = sorted(list(
set(links["bus0"]).union(set(links["bus1"]))))
buses = buses.loc[connected_buses]
disconnected_onshore_bus = set(countries) - set(buses.index)
assert not disconnected_onshore_bus, f"Error: Buses {disconnected_onshore_bus} were disconnected."
if not use_ex_line_cap:
links['p_nom'] = 0
links['p_nom_min'] = links['p_nom']
links['p_max_pu'] = p_max_pu
links['p_min_pu'] = -p_max_pu # Making the link bi-directional
links['p_nom_extendable'] = p_nom_extendable
if p_nom_extendable:
# Choose p_nom_max based on some TYNDP 2040 scenario
if extension_base == 'ST':
links['p_nom_max'] = links['p_nom_st']
elif extension_base == 'DG':
links['p_nom_max'] = links['p_nom_dg']
else:
links['p_nom_max'] = links['p_nom_gca']
links = links.drop(['p_nom_st', 'p_nom_dg', 'p_nom_gca'], axis=1)
if extension_multiplier is not None:
links['p_nom_max'] = (links['p_nom_max'] *
extension_multiplier).round(3)
links['p_nom_max'] = links[['p_nom_max', 'p_nom_min']].max(axis=1)
else:
links['p_nom_max'] = "inf"
links['capital_cost'] = pd.Series(index=links.index)
for idx in links.index:
carrier = links.loc[idx].carrier
cap_cost, _ = get_costs(carrier,
sum(network.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
links.loc[idx, ('capital_cost', )] = cap_cost * links.length.loc[idx]
network.import_components_from_dataframe(buses, "Bus")
network.import_components_from_dataframe(links, "Link")
if plot:
from epippy.topologies.core.plot import plot_topology
plot_topology(buses, links)
plt.show()
return network
def get_topology(network: pypsa.Network,
countries: List[str] = None,
add_offshore: bool = True,
extend_line_cap: bool = True,
use_ex_line_cap: bool = True,
plot: bool = False) -> pypsa.Network:
"""
Load the e-highway network topology (buses and links) using PyPSA.
Parameters
----------
network: pypsa.Network
Network instance
countries: List[str] (default: None)
List of ISO codes of countries for which we want the e-highway topology
add_offshore: bool (default: True)
Whether to include offshore nodes
extend_line_cap: bool (default True)
Whether line capacity is allowed to be expanded
use_ex_line_cap: bool (default True)
Whether to use existing line capacity
plot: bool (default: False)
Whether to show loaded topology or not
Returns
-------
network: pypsa.Network
Updated network
"""
assert countries is None or len(countries) != 0, "Error: Countries list must not be empty. If you want to " \
"obtain, the full topology, don't pass anything as argument."
topology_dir = f"{data_path}topologies/e-highways/generated/"
buses_fn = f"{topology_dir}buses.csv"
assert isfile(
buses_fn), f"Error: Buses are undefined. Please run 'preprocess'."
buses = pd.read_csv(buses_fn, index_col='id')
lines_fn = f"{topology_dir}lines.csv"
assert isfile(
lines_fn), f"Error: Lines are undefined. Please run 'preprocess'."
lines = pd.read_csv(lines_fn, index_col='id')
# Remove offshore buses if not considered
if not add_offshore:
buses = buses.dropna(subset=["onshore_region"])
if countries is not None:
# In e-highway, GB is referenced as UK
iso_to_ehighway = {"GB": "UK"}
ehighway_countries = [
iso_to_ehighway[c] if c in iso_to_ehighway else c
for c in countries
]
# Remove onshore buses that are not in the considered region,
# keep also buses that are offshore (i.e. with a country name that is not a string)
def filter_buses(bus):
return (not isinstance(
bus.country, str)) or (bus.name[2:] in ehighway_countries)
buses = buses.loc[buses.apply(filter_buses, axis=1)]
else:
countries = replace_iso2_codes(
list(
set([
idx[2:]
for idx in buses.dropna(subset=["onshore_region"]).index
])))
# Converting polygons strings to Polygon object
for region_type in ["onshore_region", "offshore_region"]:
regions = buses[region_type].values
# Convert strings
for i, region in enumerate(regions):
if isinstance(region, str):
regions[i] = shapely.wkt.loads(region)
# Remove lines for which one of the two end buses has been removed
lines = pd.DataFrame(lines.loc[lines.bus0.isin(buses.index)
& lines.bus1.isin(buses.index)])
# Removing offshore buses that are not connected anymore
connected_buses = sorted(list(
set(lines["bus0"]).union(set(lines["bus1"]))))
buses = buses.loc[connected_buses]
assert len(
buses
) != 0, "Error: No buses are located in the given list of countries."
# Add offshore polygons to remaining offshore buses
if add_offshore:
offshore_shapes = get_shapes(countries, which='offshore',
save=True)["geometry"]
if len(offshore_shapes) != 0:
offshore_zones_shape = unary_union(offshore_shapes.values)
offshore_bus_indexes = buses[
buses["onshore_region"].isnull()].index
offshore_buses = buses.loc[offshore_bus_indexes]
# Use a home-made 'voronoi' partition to assign a region to each offshore bus
buses.loc[offshore_bus_indexes,
"offshore_region"] = voronoi_special(
offshore_zones_shape, offshore_buses[["x", "y"]])
# Setting line parameters
""" For DC-opf
lines['s_nom'] *= 1000.0 # PyPSA uses MW
lines['s_nom_min'] = lines['s_nom']
# Define reactance # TODO: do sth more clever
lines['x'] = pd.Series(0.00001, index=lines.index)
lines['s_nom_extendable'] = pd.Series(True, index=lines.index) # TODO: parametrize
lines['capital_cost'] = pd.Series(index=lines.index)
for idx in lines.index:
carrier = lines.loc[idx].carrier
cap_cost, _ = get_costs(carrier, sum(network.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
lines.loc[idx, ('capital_cost', )] = cap_cost * lines.length.loc[idx]
"""
lines['p_nom'] = lines["s_nom"]
if not use_ex_line_cap:
lines['p_nom'] = 0
lines['p_nom_min'] = lines['p_nom']
lines['p_min_pu'] = -1. # Making the link bi-directional
lines = lines.drop('s_nom', axis=1)
lines['p_nom_extendable'] = extend_line_cap
lines['capital_cost'] = pd.Series(index=lines.index)
for idx in lines.index:
carrier = lines.loc[idx].carrier
cap_cost, _ = get_costs(carrier,
sum(network.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
lines.loc[idx, ('capital_cost', )] = cap_cost * lines.length.loc[idx]
network.import_components_from_dataframe(buses, "Bus")
network.import_components_from_dataframe(lines, "Link")
# network.import_components_from_dataframe(lines, "Line") for dc-opf
if plot:
from epippy.topologies.core.plot import plot_topology
plot_topology(buses, lines)
plt.show()
return network
def add_generators(net: pypsa.Network,
countries: List[str],
use_ex_cap: bool = True,
extendable: bool = False) -> pypsa.Network:
"""
Add nuclear generators to a PyPsa Network instance.
Parameters
----------
net: pypsa.Network
A Network instance with nodes associated to parameters: 'onshore' and 'region'.
countries: List[str]
Codes of countries over which the network is built
use_ex_cap: bool (default: True)
Whether to consider existing capacity or not
extendable: bool (default: False)
Whether generators are extendable
Returns
-------
network: pypsa.Network
Updated network
"""
for attr in ["onshore_region"]:
assert hasattr(
net.buses,
attr), f"Error: Buses must contain a '{attr}' attribute."
# Nuclear plants can only be added onshore
# onshore_buses = net.buses[net.buses.onshore]
onshore_buses = net.buses.dropna(subset=["onshore_region"], axis=0)
if len(onshore_buses) == 0:
warn(
"Warning: Trying to add nuclear to network without onshore buses.")
return net
gens = get_powerplants('nuclear', countries)
buses_countries = list(onshore_buses.country) if hasattr(
onshore_buses, 'country') else None
gens["bus_id"] = match_powerplants_to_regions(
gens,
onshore_buses.onshore_region,
shapes_countries=buses_countries,
dist_threshold=50.0)
# If no plants in the chosen countries, return directly the network
if len(gens) == 0:
return net
logger.info(
f"Adding {gens['Capacity'].sum() * 1e-3:.2f} GW of nuclear capacity "
f"in {sorted(gens['ISO2'].unique())}.")
if not use_ex_cap:
gens.Capacity = 0.
gens.Capacity /= 1000. # Convert MW to GW
capital_cost, marginal_cost = get_costs(
'nuclear', sum(net.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
# Get fuel type, efficiency and ramp rates
fuel, efficiency, ramp_rate, base_level = \
get_tech_info('nuclear', ["fuel", "efficiency_ds", "ramp_rate", "base_level"])
net.madd("Generator",
"Gen nuclear " + gens.Name + " " + gens.bus_id,
bus=gens.bus_id.values,
p_nom=gens.Capacity.values,
p_nom_min=gens.Capacity.values,
p_nom_extendable=extendable,
type='nuclear',
carrier=fuel,
efficiency=efficiency,
marginal_cost=marginal_cost,
capital_cost=capital_cost,
ramp_limit_up=ramp_rate,
ramp_limit_down=ramp_rate,
p_min_pu=base_level,
x=gens.lon.values,
y=gens.lat.values)
return net
def add_phs_plants(net: pypsa.Network,
topology_type: str = "countries",
extendable: bool = False,
cyclic_sof: bool = True) -> pypsa.Network:
"""
Add pumped-hydro storage units to a PyPSA Network instance.
Parameters
----------
net: pypsa.Network
A Network instance.
topology_type: str
Can currently be countries (for one node per country topologies) or ehighway (for topologies based on ehighway)
extendable: bool (default: False)
Whether generators are extendable
cyclic_sof: bool (default: True)
Whether to set to True the cyclic_state_of_charge for the storage_unit component
Returns
-------
net: pypsa.Network
Updated network
"""
check_assertions(net, topology_type)
# Hydro generators can only be added onshore
buses_onshore = net.buses.dropna(subset=["onshore_region"], axis=0)
# Load capacities
aggr_level = "countries" if topology_type == "countries" else "NUTS3"
pow_cap, en_cap = get_phs_capacities(aggr_level)
if topology_type == 'countries':
# Extract only countries for which data is available
countries_with_capacity = sorted(
list(set(buses_onshore.country) & set(pow_cap.index)))
buses_with_capacity_indexes = net.buses[net.buses.country.isin(
countries_with_capacity)].index
bus_pow_cap = pow_cap.loc[countries_with_capacity]
bus_pow_cap.index = buses_with_capacity_indexes
bus_en_cap = en_cap.loc[countries_with_capacity]
bus_en_cap.index = buses_with_capacity_indexes
else: # topology_type == 'ehighway
bus_pow_cap, bus_en_cap = phs_inputs_nuts_to_ehighway(
buses_onshore.index, pow_cap, en_cap)
countries_with_capacity = set(bus_pow_cap.index.str[2:])
logger.info(
f"Adding {bus_pow_cap.sum():.3f} GW of PHS hydro "
f"with {bus_en_cap.sum():.3f} GWh of storage in {countries_with_capacity}."
)
max_hours = bus_en_cap / bus_pow_cap
# Get cost and efficiencies
capital_cost, marginal_cost = get_costs(
'phs', sum(net.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
efficiency_dispatch, efficiency_store, self_discharge = \
get_tech_info('phs', ["efficiency_ds", "efficiency_ch", "efficiency_sd"])
self_discharge = round(1 - self_discharge, 4)
net.madd("StorageUnit",
bus_pow_cap.index,
suffix=" Storage PHS",
bus=bus_pow_cap.index,
type='phs',
p_nom=bus_pow_cap,
p_nom_min=bus_pow_cap,
p_nom_extendable=extendable,
max_hours=max_hours.values,
capital_cost=capital_cost,
marginal_cost=marginal_cost,
efficiency_store=efficiency_store,
efficiency_dispatch=efficiency_dispatch,
self_discharge=self_discharge,
cyclic_state_of_charge=cyclic_sof,
x=buses_onshore.loc[bus_pow_cap.index].x,
y=buses_onshore.loc[bus_pow_cap.index].y)
return net
def add_sto_plants(net: pypsa.Network,
topology_type: str = "countries",
extendable: bool = False,
cyclic_sof: bool = True) -> pypsa.Network:
"""
Add run-of-river generators to a Network instance
Parameters
----------
net: pypsa.Network
A Network instance.
topology_type: str
Can currently be countries (for one node per country topologies) or ehighway (for topologies based on ehighway)
extendable: bool (default: False)
Whether generators are extendable
cyclic_sof: bool (default: True)
Whether to set to True the cyclic_state_of_charge for the storage_unit component
Returns
-------
net: pypsa.Network
Updated network
"""
check_assertions(net, topology_type)
# Hydro generators can only be added onshore
buses_onshore = net.buses.dropna(subset=["onshore_region"], axis=0)
# Load capacities and inflows
aggr_level = "countries" if topology_type == "countries" else "NUTS3"
pow_cap, en_cap = get_sto_capacities(aggr_level)
inflows = get_sto_inflows(aggr_level, net.snapshots)
if topology_type == 'countries':
# Extract only countries for which data is available
countries_with_capacity = sorted(
list(set(buses_onshore.country) & set(pow_cap.index)))
buses_with_capacity_indexes = net.buses[net.buses.country.isin(
countries_with_capacity)].index
bus_pow_cap = pow_cap.loc[countries_with_capacity]
bus_pow_cap.index = buses_with_capacity_indexes
bus_en_cap = en_cap.loc[countries_with_capacity]
bus_en_cap.index = buses_with_capacity_indexes
bus_inflows = inflows[countries_with_capacity]
bus_inflows.columns = buses_with_capacity_indexes
else: # topology_type == 'ehighway'
bus_pow_cap, bus_en_cap, bus_inflows = \
sto_inputs_nuts_to_ehighway(buses_onshore.index, pow_cap, en_cap, inflows)
countries_with_capacity = set(bus_pow_cap.index.str[2:])
logger.info(
f"Adding {bus_pow_cap.sum():.2f} GW of STO hydro "
f"with {bus_en_cap.sum() * 1e-3:.2f} TWh of storage in {countries_with_capacity}."
)
bus_inflows = bus_inflows.round(3)
max_hours = bus_en_cap / bus_pow_cap
capital_cost, marginal_cost = get_costs(
'sto', sum(net.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
# Get efficiencies
efficiency_dispatch = get_tech_info('sto',
['efficiency_ds'])["efficiency_ds"]
net.madd("StorageUnit",
bus_pow_cap.index,
suffix=" Storage reservoir",
bus=bus_pow_cap.index,
type='sto',
p_nom=bus_pow_cap,
p_nom_min=bus_pow_cap,
p_min_pu=0.,
p_nom_extendable=extendable,
capital_cost=capital_cost,
marginal_cost=marginal_cost,
efficiency_store=0.,
efficiency_dispatch=efficiency_dispatch,
cyclic_state_of_charge=cyclic_sof,
max_hours=max_hours,
inflow=bus_inflows,
x=buses_onshore.loc[bus_pow_cap.index.values].x,
y=buses_onshore.loc[bus_pow_cap.index.values].y)
return net
def add_ror_plants(net: pypsa.Network,
topology_type: str = "countries",
extendable: bool = False) -> pypsa.Network:
"""
Add run-of-river generators to a Network instance.
Parameters
----------
net: pypsa.Network
A Network instance.
topology_type: str
Can currently be countries (for one node per country topologies) or ehighway (for topologies based on ehighway)
extendable: bool (default: False)
Whether generators are extendable
Returns
-------
net: pypsa.Network
Updated network
"""
check_assertions(net, topology_type)
# Hydro generators can only be added onshore
buses_onshore = net.buses.dropna(subset=["onshore_region"], axis=0)
# Load capacities and inflows
aggr_level = "countries" if topology_type == "countries" else "NUTS3"
pow_cap = get_ror_capacities(aggr_level)
inflows = get_ror_inflows(aggr_level, net.snapshots)
if topology_type == 'countries':
# Extract only countries for which data is available
countries_with_capacity = sorted(
list(set(buses_onshore.country) & set(pow_cap.index)))
buses_with_capacity_indexes = net.buses[net.buses.country.isin(
countries_with_capacity)].index
bus_pow_cap = pow_cap.loc[countries_with_capacity]
bus_pow_cap.index = buses_with_capacity_indexes
bus_inflows = inflows[countries_with_capacity]
bus_inflows.columns = buses_with_capacity_indexes
else: # topology_type == 'ehighway'
bus_pow_cap, bus_inflows = \
ror_inputs_nuts_to_ehighway(buses_onshore.index, pow_cap, inflows)
countries_with_capacity = set(bus_pow_cap.index.str[2:])
logger.info(
f"Adding {bus_pow_cap.sum():.2f} GW of ROR hydro in {countries_with_capacity}."
)
bus_inflows = bus_inflows.dropna().round(3)
# Get cost and efficiencies
capital_cost, marginal_cost = get_costs(
'ror', sum(net.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
efficiency = get_tech_info('ror', ["efficiency_ds"])["efficiency_ds"]
net.madd("Generator",
bus_pow_cap.index,
suffix=" Generator ror",
bus=bus_pow_cap.index,
type='ror',
p_nom=bus_pow_cap,
p_nom_min=bus_pow_cap,
p_nom_extendable=extendable,
capital_cost=capital_cost,
marginal_cost=marginal_cost,
efficiency=efficiency,
p_min_pu=0.,
p_max_pu=bus_inflows,
x=buses_onshore.loc[bus_pow_cap.index].x,
y=buses_onshore.loc[bus_pow_cap.index].y)
return net
def add_batteries(network: pypsa.Network,
battery_type: str,
buses_ids: List[str] = None,
fixed_duration: bool = False) -> pypsa.Network:
"""
Add a battery at each node of the network.
Parameters
----------
network: pypsa.Network
PyPSA network
battery_type: str
Type of battery to add
buses_ids: List[str]
IDs of the buses at which we want to add batteries.
fixed_duration: bool
Whether the battery storage is modelled with fixed duration.
Returns
-------
network: pypsa.Network
Updated network
"""
logger.info(f"Adding {battery_type} storage.")
buses = network.buses
if buses_ids is not None:
buses = buses.loc[buses_ids]
# buses = network.buses[network.buses.onshore]
# onshore_bus_indexes = pd.Index([bus_id for bus_id in buses.index if buses.loc[bus_id].onshore])
onshore_buses = buses.dropna(subset=["onshore_region"], axis=0)
# Add batteries with fixed energy-power ratio
if fixed_duration:
capital_cost, marginal_cost = get_costs(
battery_type, sum(network.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
efficiency_dispatch, efficiency_store, self_discharge = \
get_tech_info(battery_type, ["efficiency_ds", "efficiency_ch", "efficiency_sd"])
self_discharge = round(1 - self_discharge, 4)
# Get max number of hours of storage
max_hours = get_config_values(battery_type, ["max_hours"])
network.madd("StorageUnit",
onshore_buses.index,
suffix=f" StorageUnit {battery_type}",
type=battery_type,
bus=onshore_buses.index,
p_nom_extendable=True,
max_hours=max_hours,
capital_cost=capital_cost,
marginal_cost=marginal_cost,
efficiency_dispatch=efficiency_dispatch,
efficiency_store=efficiency_store,
standing_loss=self_discharge)
# Add batteries where energy and power are sized independently
else:
battery_type_power = battery_type + '_p'
battery_type_energy = battery_type + '_e'
capital_cost, marginal_cost = get_costs(
battery_type_power, sum(network.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
capital_cost_e, marginal_cost_e = get_costs(
battery_type_energy, sum(network.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
efficiency_dispatch, efficiency_store = get_tech_info(
battery_type_power, ["efficiency_ds", "efficiency_ch"])
self_discharge = get_tech_info(battery_type_energy,
["efficiency_sd"]).astype(float)
self_discharge = round(1 - self_discharge.values[0], 4)
ctd_ratio = get_config_values(battery_type_power, ["ctd_ratio"])
network.madd("StorageUnit",
onshore_buses.index,
suffix=f" StorageUnit {battery_type}",
type=battery_type,
bus=onshore_buses.index,
p_nom_extendable=True,
capital_cost=capital_cost,
marginal_cost=marginal_cost,
capital_cost_e=capital_cost_e,
marginal_cost_e=marginal_cost_e,
efficiency_dispatch=efficiency_dispatch,
efficiency_store=efficiency_store,
standing_loss=self_discharge,
ctd_ratio=ctd_ratio)
storages = network.storage_units.index[network.storage_units.type ==
battery_type]
for storage_to_replace in storages:
replace_su_closed_loop(network, storage_to_replace)
return network
def add_generators_using_siting(net: pypsa.Network, technologies: List[str],
region: str, siting_params: Dict[str, Any],
use_ex_cap: bool = True, limit_max_cap: bool = True,
output_dir: str = None) -> pypsa.Network:
"""
Add generators for different technologies at a series of location selected via an optimization mechanism.
Parameters
----------
net: pypsa.Network
A network with defined buses.
technologies: List[str]
Which technologies to add using this methodology
siting_params: Dict[str, Any]
Set of parameters necessary for siting.
region: str
Region over which the network is defined
use_ex_cap: bool (default: True)
Whether to take into account existing capacity.
limit_max_cap: bool (default: True)
Whether to limit capacity expansion at each grid cell to a certain capacity potential.
output_dir: str
Absolute path to directory where resite output should be stored
Returns
-------
net: pypsa.Network
Updated network
Notes
-----
net.buses must have a 'region_onshore' if adding onshore technologies and a 'region_offshore' attribute
if adding offshore technologies.
"""
for param in ["timeslice", "spatial_resolution", "modelling", "formulation", "formulation_params", "write_lp"]:
assert param in siting_params, f"Error: Missing parameter {param} for siting."
from resite.resite import Resite
logger.info('Setting up resite.')
resite = Resite([region], technologies, siting_params["timeslice"], siting_params["spatial_resolution"],
siting_params["min_cap_if_selected"])
resite.build_data(use_ex_cap)
logger.info('resite model being built.')
resite.build_model(siting_params["modelling"], siting_params['formulation'], siting_params['formulation_params'],
siting_params['write_lp'], output_dir)
logger.info('Sending resite to solver.')
resite.solve_model(solver_options=siting_params['solver_options'], solver=siting_params['solver'])
logger.info('Retrieving resite results.')
resite.retrieve_selected_sites_data()
tech_location_dict = resite.sel_tech_points_dict
existing_cap_ds = resite.sel_data_dict["existing_cap_ds"]
cap_potential_ds = resite.sel_data_dict["cap_potential_ds"]
cap_factor_df = resite.sel_data_dict["cap_factor_df"]
logger.info("Saving resite results")
resite.save(output_dir)
if not resite.timestamps.equals(net.snapshots):
# If network snapshots is a subset of resite snapshots just crop the data
missing_timestamps = set(net.snapshots) - set(resite.timestamps)
if not missing_timestamps:
cap_factor_df = cap_factor_df.loc[net.snapshots]
else:
# In other case, need to recompute capacity factors
raise NotImplementedError("Error: Network snapshots must currently be a subset of resite snapshots.")
for tech, points in tech_location_dict.items():
onshore_tech = get_config_values(tech, ['onshore'])
# Associate sites to buses (using the associated shapes)
buses = net.buses.copy()
region_type = 'onshore_region' if onshore_tech else 'offshore_region'
buses = buses.dropna(subset=[region_type])
associated_buses = match_points_to_regions(points, buses[region_type]).dropna()
points = list(associated_buses.index)
p_nom_max = 'inf'
if limit_max_cap:
p_nom_max = cap_potential_ds[tech][points].values
p_nom = existing_cap_ds[tech][points].values
p_max_pu = cap_factor_df[tech][points].values
capital_cost, marginal_cost = get_costs(tech, len(net.snapshots))
net.madd("Generator",
pd.Index([f"Gen {tech} {x}-{y}" for x, y in points]),
bus=associated_buses.values,
p_nom_extendable=True,
p_nom_max=p_nom_max,
p_nom=p_nom,
p_nom_min=p_nom,
p_min_pu=0.,
p_max_pu=p_max_pu,
type=tech,
x=[x for x, _ in points],
y=[y for _, y in points],
marginal_cost=marginal_cost,
capital_cost=capital_cost)
return net
def add_generators_per_bus(net: pypsa.Network, technologies: List[str],
use_ex_cap: bool = True, bus_ids: List[str] = None,
precision: int = 3) -> pypsa.Network:
"""
Add VRES generators to each bus of a PyPSA Network, each bus being associated to a geographical region.
Parameters
----------
net: pypsa.Network
A PyPSA Network instance with buses associated to regions.
technologies: List[str]
Names of VRES technologies to be added.
use_ex_cap: bool (default: True)
Whether to take into account existing capacity.
bus_ids: List[str]
Subset of buses to which the generators must be added.
precision: int (default: 3)
Indicates at which decimal values should be rounded
Returns
-------
net: pypsa.Network
Updated network
Notes
-----
Each bus must contain 'x', 'y' attributes.
In addition, each bus must have a 'region_onshore' and/or 'region_offshore' attributes.
Finally, if the topology has one bus per country (and no offshore buses), all buses can be associated
to an ISO code under the attribute 'country' to fasten some computations.
"""
# Filter out buses
all_buses = net.buses.copy()
all_buses = all_buses[all_buses['country'].notna()]
if bus_ids is not None:
all_buses = all_buses.loc[bus_ids]
for attr in ["x", "y"]:
assert hasattr(all_buses, attr), f"Error: Buses must contain a '{attr}' attribute."
assert all([len(bus[["onshore_region", "offshore_region"]].dropna()) != 0 for idx, bus in all_buses.iterrows()]), \
"Error: Each bus must be associated to an 'onshore_region' and/or 'offshore_region' attribute."
one_bus_per_country = False
if hasattr(all_buses, 'country'):
# Check every bus has a value for this attribute
complete = len(all_buses["country"].dropna()) == len(all_buses)
# Check the values are unique
unique = len(all_buses["country"].unique()) == len(all_buses)
one_bus_per_country = complete & unique
tech_config_dict = get_config_dict(technologies, ["filters", "power_density", "onshore"])
for tech in technologies:
# Detect if technology is onshore(/offshore) based
onshore_tech = tech_config_dict[tech]["onshore"]
# Get buses which are associated to an onshore/offshore region
region_type = "onshore_region" if onshore_tech else 'offshore_region'
buses = all_buses.dropna(subset=[region_type], axis=0)
countries = list(buses["country"].unique())
# Get the shapes of regions associated to each bus
buses_regions_shapes_ds = buses[region_type]
# Compute capacity potential at each bus
# TODO: WARNING: first part of if-else to be removed
enspreso = False
if enspreso:
logger.warning("Capacity potentials computed using ENSPRESO data.")
if one_bus_per_country:
cap_pot_country_ds = get_capacity_potential_for_countries(tech, countries)
cap_pot_ds = pd.Series(index=buses.index, dtype=float)
cap_pot_ds[:] = cap_pot_country_ds.loc[buses.country]
else: # topology_type == "regions"
cap_pot_ds = get_capacity_potential_for_regions({tech: buses_regions_shapes_ds.values})[tech]
cap_pot_ds.index = buses.index
else:
# Using GLAES
filters = tech_config_dict[tech]["filters"]
power_density = tech_config_dict[tech]["power_density"]
cap_pot_ds = pd.Series(index=buses.index, dtype=float)
cap_pot_ds[:] = get_capacity_potential_for_shapes(buses_regions_shapes_ds.values, filters,
power_density, precision=precision)
# Get one capacity factor time series per bus
if one_bus_per_country:
# For country-based topologies, use aggregated series obtained from Renewables.ninja
cap_factor_countries_df = get_cap_factor_for_countries(tech, countries, net.snapshots, precision, False)
cap_factor_df = pd.DataFrame(index=net.snapshots, columns=buses.index, dtype=float)
cap_factor_df[:] = cap_factor_countries_df[buses.country]
else:
# For region-based topology, compute capacity factors at (rounded) buses position
spatial_res = 0.5
points = [(round(shape.centroid.x/spatial_res) * spatial_res,
round(shape.centroid.y/spatial_res) * spatial_res)
for shape in buses_regions_shapes_ds.values]
cap_factor_df = compute_capacity_factors({tech: points}, spatial_res, net.snapshots, precision)[tech]
cap_factor_df.columns = buses.index
# Compute legacy capacity (not available for wind_floating)
legacy_cap_ds = pd.Series(0., index=buses.index, dtype=float)
if use_ex_cap and tech != "wind_floating":
if one_bus_per_country and len(countries) != 0:
legacy_cap_countries = get_legacy_capacity_in_countries(tech, countries)
legacy_cap_ds[:] = legacy_cap_countries.loc[buses.country]
else:
legacy_cap_ds = get_legacy_capacity_in_regions(tech, buses_regions_shapes_ds, countries)
# Update capacity potentials if legacy capacity is bigger
for bus in buses.index:
if cap_pot_ds.loc[bus] < legacy_cap_ds.loc[bus]:
cap_pot_ds.loc[bus] = legacy_cap_ds.loc[bus]
# Remove generators if capacity potential is 0
non_zero_potential_gens_index = cap_pot_ds[cap_pot_ds > 0].index
cap_pot_ds = cap_pot_ds.loc[non_zero_potential_gens_index]
legacy_cap_ds = legacy_cap_ds.loc[non_zero_potential_gens_index]
cap_factor_df = cap_factor_df[non_zero_potential_gens_index]
buses = buses.loc[non_zero_potential_gens_index]
# Get costs
capital_cost, marginal_cost = get_costs(tech, len(net.snapshots))
# Adding to the network
net.madd("Generator",
buses.index,
suffix=f" Gen {tech}",
bus=buses.index,
p_nom_extendable=True,
p_nom=legacy_cap_ds,
p_nom_min=legacy_cap_ds,
p_nom_max=cap_pot_ds,
p_min_pu=0.,
p_max_pu=cap_factor_df,
type=tech,
x=buses.x.values,
y=buses.y.values,
marginal_cost=marginal_cost,
capital_cost=capital_cost)
return net
def add_generators_in_grid_cells(net: pypsa.Network, technologies: List[str],
region: str, spatial_resolution: float,
use_ex_cap: bool = True, limit_max_cap: bool = True,
min_cap_pot: List[float] = None) -> pypsa.Network:
"""
Create VRES generators in every grid cells obtained from dividing a certain number of regions.
Parameters
----------
net: pypsa.Network
A PyPSA Network instance with buses associated to regions
technologies: List[str]
Which technologies to add.
region: str
Region code defined in 'data_path'/geographics/region_definition.csv over which the network is defined.
spatial_resolution: float
Spatial resolution at which to define grid cells.
use_ex_cap: bool (default: True)
Whether to take into account existing capacity.
limit_max_cap: bool (default: True)
Whether to limit capacity expansion at each grid cell to a certain capacity potential.
min_cap_pot: List[float] (default: None)
List of thresholds per technology. Points with capacity potential under this threshold will be removed.
Returns
-------
net: pypsa.Network
Updated network
Notes
-----
net.buses must have a 'region_onshore' if adding onshore technologies and a 'region_offshore' attribute
if adding offshore technologies.
"""
from resite.resite import Resite
# Generate deployment sites using resite
resite = Resite([region], technologies, [net.snapshots[0], net.snapshots[-1]], spatial_resolution)
resite.build_data(use_ex_cap, min_cap_pot)
for tech in technologies:
points = resite.tech_points_dict[tech]
onshore_tech = get_config_values(tech, ['onshore'])
# Associate sites to buses (using the associated shapes)
buses = net.buses.copy()
region_type = 'onshore_region' if onshore_tech else 'offshore_region'
buses = buses.dropna(subset=[region_type])
associated_buses = match_points_to_regions(points, buses[region_type]).dropna()
points = list(associated_buses.index)
p_nom_max = 'inf'
if limit_max_cap:
p_nom_max = resite.data_dict["cap_potential_ds"][tech][points].values
p_nom = resite.data_dict["existing_cap_ds"][tech][points].values
p_max_pu = resite.data_dict["cap_factor_df"][tech][points].values
capital_cost, marginal_cost = get_costs(tech, len(net.snapshots))
net.madd("Generator",
pd.Index([f"Gen {tech} {x}-{y}" for x, y in points]),
bus=associated_buses.values,
p_nom_extendable=True,
p_nom_max=p_nom_max,
p_nom=p_nom,
p_nom_min=p_nom,
p_min_pu=0.,
p_max_pu=p_max_pu,
type=tech,
x=[x for x, _ in points],
y=[y for _, y in points],
marginal_cost=marginal_cost,
capital_cost=capital_cost)
return net
def upgrade_topology(net: pypsa.Network, regions: List[str], plot: bool = False,
ac_carrier: str = "HVAC_OHL", dc_carrier: str = "HVDC_GLIS") -> pypsa.Network:
buses = pd.DataFrame(columns=["x", "y", "country", "onshore_region", "offshore_region"])
links = pd.DataFrame(columns=["bus0", "bus1", "carrier", "length"])
if "IS" in regions:
buses.loc["IS", "onshore_region"] = get_shapes(["IS"], "onshore")["geometry"][0]
buses.loc["IS", ["x", "y"]] = buses.loc["IS", "onshore_region"].centroid
buses.loc["IS", "country"] = "IS"
# Adding link to GB
links.loc["IS-GB", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["IS", "GB", dc_carrier]
if "GL" in regions:
assert 'IS' in regions, "Error: Cannot add a node in Greenland without adding a node in Iceland."
full_gl_shape = get_shapes(["GL"], "onshore")["geometry"][0]
trunc_gl_shape = full_gl_shape.intersection(Polygon([(-44.6, 59.5), (-44.6, 60.6), (-42, 60.6), (-42, 59.5)]))
buses.loc["GL", "onshore_region"] = trunc_gl_shape
buses.loc["GL", ["x", "y"]] = (-44., 60.)
# buses.loc["GL", "country"] = "GL"
# Adding link to IS
links.loc["GL-IS", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["GL", "IS", dc_carrier]
if "na" in regions:
countries = get_subregions("na")
shapes = get_shapes(countries, "onshore")["geometry"]
trunc_shape = Polygon([(-14, 27.7), (-14, 40), (40, 40), (40, 27.7)])
for c in countries:
buses.loc[c, "onshore_region"] = shapes.loc[c].intersection(trunc_shape)
# buses.loc[c, "country"] = c
buses.loc["DZ", ["x", "y"]] = (3, 36.5) # Algeria, Alger
buses.loc["EG", ["x", "y"]] = (31., 30.) # Egypt, Cairo
buses.loc["LY", ["x", "y"]] = (22, 32) #(13., 32.5) # Libya, Tripoli
buses.loc["MA", ["x", "y"]] = (-6., 35.) # Morocco, Rabat
buses.loc["TN", ["x", "y"]] = (10., 36.5) # Tunisia, Tunis
# Adding links
links.loc["DZ-MA", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["DZ", "MA", ac_carrier]
links.loc["DZ-TN", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["DZ", "TN", ac_carrier]
links.loc["LY-TN", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier", "length"]] = ["LY", "TN", ac_carrier, 2000]
links.loc["EG-LY", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier", "length"]] = ["EG", "LY", ac_carrier, 700]
if "GR" in net.buses.index:
links.loc["LY-GR", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier", "length"]] = ["LY", "GR", dc_carrier, 900]
if "ES" in net.buses.index:
links.loc["MA-ES", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["MA", "ES", dc_carrier]
if "IT" in net.buses.index:
links.loc["TN-IT", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier", "length"]] = ["TN", "IT", dc_carrier, 600]
if "me" in regions:
# countries = ["AE", "BH", "CY", "IL", "IQ", "IR", "JO", "KW", "LB", "OM", "QA", "SA", "SY"] # , "YE"]
countries = get_subregions("me")
shapes = get_shapes(countries, "onshore")["geometry"]
trunc_shape = Polygon([(25, 27.7), (25, 60), (60, 60), (60, 27.7)])
for c in countries:
buses.loc[c, "onshore_region"] = shapes.loc[c].intersection(trunc_shape)
# buses.loc[c, "country"] = c
# buses.loc["AE", ["x", "y"]] = (54.5, 24.5) # UAE, Abu Dhabi
# buses.loc["BH", ["x", "y"]] = (50.35, 26.13) # Bahrain, Manama
buses.loc["TR", ["x", "y"]] = buses.loc["TR", "onshore_region"].centroid
buses.loc["CY", ["x", "y"]] = (33.21, 35.1) # Cyprus, Nicosia
buses.loc["IL", ["x", "y"]] = (34.76, 32.09) # Tel-Aviv, Jerusalem
# if 'TR' in net.buses.index:
# buses.loc["IQ", ["x", "y"]] = (44.23, 33.2) # Iraq, Baghdad
# buses.loc["IR", ["x", "y"]] = (51.23, 35.41) # Iran, Tehran
# else:
# buses = buses.drop(["IQ", "IR"])
buses.loc["JO", ["x", "y"]] = (35.55, 31.56) # Jordan, Amman
# buses.loc["KW", ["x", "y"]] = (47.58, 29.22) # Kuwait, Kuwait City
# buses.loc["LB", ["x", "y"]] = (35.3, 33.53) # Lebanon, Beirut
# buses.loc["OM", ["x", "y"]] = (58.24, 23.35) # Oman, Muscat
# buses.loc["QA", ["x", "y"]] = (51.32, 25.17) # Qatar, Doha
buses.loc["SA", ["x", "y"]] = buses.loc["SA", "onshore_region"].centroid #(46.43, 24.38) # Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
buses.loc["SY", ["x", "y"]] = (36.64, 34.63) # Syria, Homs
# buses.loc["YE", ["x", "y"]] = (44.12, 15.20) # Yemen, Sana
# Adding links
links.loc["IL-JO", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["IL", "JO", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["IL-LI", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["IL", "LB", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["SY-LI", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["SY", "LB", ac_carrier]
links.loc["SY-JO", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["SY", "JO", ac_carrier]
links.loc["IL-CY", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["IL", "CY", "DC"]
# This links comes from nowhere
links.loc["SA-JO", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["SA", "JO", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["CY-SY", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["CY", "SY", "DC"]
# links.loc["OM-AE", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["OM", "AE", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["QA-AE", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["QA", "AE", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["QA-SA", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["QA", "SA", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["BH-QA", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["BH", "QA", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["BH-KW", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["BH", "KW", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["BH-SA", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["BH", "SA", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["YE-SA", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["YE", "SA", ac_carrier]
if "EG" in buses.index:
links.loc["EG-IL", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["EG", "IL", ac_carrier]
links.loc["SA-EG", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["SA", "EG", ac_carrier]
#if "TR" in net.buses.index:
links.loc["SY-TR", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["SY", "TR", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["IQ-TR", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["IQ", "TR", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["IR-TR", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["IR", "TR", ac_carrier]
# links.loc["IR-IQ", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier"]] = ["IR", "IQ", ac_carrier]
if "GR" in net.buses.index:
links.loc["CY-GR", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier", "length"]] = ["CY", "GR", dc_carrier, 850]
# From TYNDP
links.loc["TR-GR", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier", "length"]] = ["TR", "GR", dc_carrier, 1173.53] # p_nom = 0.66
if "BG" in net.buses.index:
links.loc["TR-BG", ["bus0", "bus1", "carrier", "length"]] = ["TR", "BG", ac_carrier, 932.16] # p_nom = 1.2
buses = buses.infer_objects()
net.madd("Bus", buses.index,
x=buses.x, y=buses.y, country=buses.country,
onshore_region=buses.onshore_region, offshore_region=buses.offshore_region,)
# Adding length to the lines for which we did not fix it manually
for idx in links[links.length.isnull()].index:
bus0_id = links.loc[idx]["bus0"]
bus1_id = links.loc[idx]["bus1"]
bus0_x = net.buses.loc[bus0_id]["x"]
bus0_y = net.buses.loc[bus0_id]["y"]
bus1_x = net.buses.loc[bus1_id]["x"]
bus1_y = net.buses.loc[bus1_id]["y"]
links.loc[idx, "length"] = geopy.distance.geodesic((bus0_y, bus0_x), (bus1_y, bus1_x)).km
links['capital_cost'] = pd.Series(index=links.index)
for idx in links.index:
carrier = links.loc[idx].carrier
cap_cost, _ = get_costs(carrier, sum(net.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
links.loc[idx, ('capital_cost', )] = cap_cost * links.length.loc[idx]
net.madd("Link", links.index, bus0=links.bus0, bus1=links.bus1, carrier=links.carrier, p_nom_extendable=True,
length=links.length, capital_cost=links.capital_cost)
# from tyndp
if "TR" in net.buses.index:
net.links.loc[["TR-BG", "TR-GR"], "p_nom"] = [1.2, 0.66]
if plot:
plot_topology(net.buses, net.links)
plt.show()
return net
def add_res_at_sites(
net: pypsa.Network,
config,
output_dir,
eu_countries,
):
eu_technologies = config['res']['techs']
logger.info(f"Adding RES {eu_technologies} generation.")
spatial_res = config["res"]["spatial_resolution"]
use_ex_cap = config["res"]["use_ex_cap"]
min_cap_pot = config["res"]["min_cap_pot"]
min_cap_if_sel = config["res"]["min_cap_if_selected"]
# Build sites for EU
r_europe = Resite(eu_countries, eu_technologies,
[net.snapshots[0], net.snapshots[-1]], spatial_res,
min_cap_if_sel)
regions_shapes = net.buses.loc[eu_countries,
["onshore_region", 'offshore_region']]
regions_shapes.columns = ['onshore', 'offshore']
r_europe.build_data(use_ex_cap, min_cap_pot, regions_shapes=regions_shapes)
net.cc_ds = r_europe.data_dict["capacity_credit_ds"]
# Build sites for other regions
non_eu_res = config["non_eu"]
all_remote_countries = []
if non_eu_res is not None:
for region in non_eu_res.keys():
if region in ["na", "me"]:
remote_countries = get_subregions(region)
else:
remote_countries = [region]
all_remote_countries += remote_countries
remote_techs = non_eu_res[region]
r_remote = Resite(remote_countries, remote_techs,
[net.snapshots[0], net.snapshots[-1]],
spatial_res)
regions_shapes = net.buses.loc[
remote_countries, ["onshore_region", 'offshore_region']]
regions_shapes.columns = ['onshore', 'offshore']
r_remote.build_data(False,
compute_load=False,
regions_shapes=regions_shapes)
# Add sites to European ones
r_europe.regions += r_remote.regions
r_europe.technologies = list(
set(r_europe.technologies).union(r_remote.technologies))
r_europe.min_cap_pot_dict = {
**r_europe.min_cap_pot_dict,
**r_remote.min_cap_pot_dict
}
r_europe.tech_points_tuples = np.concatenate(
(r_europe.tech_points_tuples, r_remote.tech_points_tuples))
r_europe.initial_sites_ds = r_europe.initial_sites_ds.append(
r_remote.initial_sites_ds)
r_europe.tech_points_regions_ds = \
r_europe.tech_points_regions_ds.append(r_remote.tech_points_regions_ds)
r_europe.data_dict["load"] = pd.concat(
[r_europe.data_dict["load"], r_remote.data_dict["load"]],
axis=1)
r_europe.data_dict["cap_potential_ds"] = \
r_europe.data_dict["cap_potential_ds"].append(r_remote.data_dict["cap_potential_ds"])
r_europe.data_dict["existing_cap_ds"] = \
r_europe.data_dict["existing_cap_ds"].append(r_remote.data_dict["existing_cap_ds"])
r_europe.data_dict["cap_factor_df"] = \
pd.concat([r_europe.data_dict["cap_factor_df"], r_remote.data_dict["cap_factor_df"]], axis=1)
# Update dictionary
tech_points_dict = {}
techs = set(r_europe.initial_sites_ds.index.get_level_values(0))
for tech in techs:
tech_points_dict[tech] = list(r_europe.initial_sites_ds[tech].index)
r_europe.tech_points_dict = tech_points_dict
# Do siting if required
if config["res"]["strategy"] == "siting":
logger.info('resite model being built.')
siting_params = config['res']
# if siting_params['formulation'] == "min_cost_global":
# siting_params['formulation_params']['perc_per_region'] = \
# siting_params['formulation_params']['perc_per_region'] + [0.] * len(all_remote_countries)
r_europe.build_model(siting_params["modelling"],
siting_params['formulation'],
siting_params['formulation_params'],
siting_params['write_lp'], f"{output_dir}resite/")
logger.info('Sending resite to solver.')
r_europe.init_output_folder(f"{output_dir}resite/")
r_europe.solve_model(f"{output_dir}resite/",
solver=config['solver'],
solver_options=config['solver_options'])
logger.info("Saving resite results")
r_europe.retrieve_selected_sites_data()
r_europe.save(f"{output_dir}resite/")
# Add solution to network
logger.info('Retrieving resite results.')
tech_location_dict = r_europe.sel_tech_points_dict
existing_cap_ds = r_europe.sel_data_dict["existing_cap_ds"]
cap_potential_ds = r_europe.sel_data_dict["cap_potential_ds"]
cap_factor_df = r_europe.sel_data_dict["cap_factor_df"]
if not r_europe.timestamps.equals(net.snapshots):
# If network snapshots is a subset of resite snapshots just crop the data
missing_timestamps = set(net.snapshots) - set(r_europe.timestamps)
if not missing_timestamps:
cap_factor_df = cap_factor_df.loc[net.snapshots]
else:
# In other case, need to recompute capacity factors
raise NotImplementedError(
"Error: Network snapshots must currently be a subset of resite snapshots."
)
else: # no siting
tech_location_dict = r_europe.tech_points_dict
existing_cap_ds = r_europe.data_dict["existing_cap_ds"]
cap_potential_ds = r_europe.data_dict["cap_potential_ds"]
cap_factor_df = r_europe.data_dict["cap_factor_df"]
for tech, points in tech_location_dict.items():
onshore_tech = get_config_values(tech, ['onshore'])
# Associate sites to buses (using the associated shapes)
buses = net.buses.copy()
region_type = 'onshore_region' if onshore_tech else 'offshore_region'
buses = buses.dropna(subset=[region_type])
associated_buses = match_points_to_regions(
points, buses[region_type]).dropna()
points = list(associated_buses.index)
p_nom_max = 'inf'
if config['res']['limit_max_cap']:
p_nom_max = cap_potential_ds[tech][points].values
p_nom = existing_cap_ds[tech][points].values
p_max_pu = cap_factor_df[tech][points].values
capital_cost, marginal_cost = get_costs(
tech, sum(net.snapshot_weightings['objective']))
net.madd("Generator",
pd.Index([f"Gen {tech} {x}-{y}" for x, y in points]),
bus=associated_buses.values,
p_nom_extendable=True,
p_nom_max=p_nom_max,
p_nom=p_nom,
p_nom_min=p_nom,
p_min_pu=0.,
p_max_pu=p_max_pu,
type=tech,
x=[x for x, _ in points],
y=[y for _, y in points],
marginal_cost=marginal_cost,
capital_cost=capital_cost)
return net