def test_ecrecover():
s = tester.state()
c = s.abi_contract(ecrecover_code)
priv = utils.sha3('some big long brainwallet password')
pub = bitcoin.privtopub(priv)
msghash = utils.sha3('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')
pk = PrivateKey(priv, raw=True)
signature = pk.ecdsa_recoverable_serialize(
pk.ecdsa_sign_recoverable(msghash, raw=True)
)
signature = signature[0] + utils.bytearray_to_bytestr([signature[1]])
V = utils.safe_ord(signature[64]) + 27
R = big_endian_to_int(signature[0:32])
S = big_endian_to_int(signature[32:64])
assert bitcoin.ecdsa_raw_verify(msghash, (V, R, S), pub)
addr = utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(bitcoin.encode_pubkey(pub, 'bin')[1:])[12:])
assert utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.privtoaddr(priv)) == addr
result = c.test_ecrecover(utils.big_endian_to_int(msghash), V, R, S)
assert result == addr
def preprocess_vmcode(code):
o = []
jumps = {}
# Round 1: Locate all JUMP, JUMPI, JUMPDEST, STOP, RETURN, INVALID locs
opcodez = copy.deepcopy([opcodes.get(safe_ord(c), ['INVALID', 0, 0, 1]) +
[safe_ord(c)] for c in code])
for i, o in enumerate(opcodez):
if o[0] in filter1:
jumps[i] = True
chunks = {}
chunks["code"] = [safe_ord(x) for x in code]
c = []
h, reqh, gascost = 0, 0, 0
i = 0
laststart, lastjumpable = 0, 0
while i < len(opcodez):
o = opcodez[i] # [op, ins, outs, gas, opcode, pos, push?]
o.append(laststart + i)
c.append(o)
reqh = max(reqh, h + o[1])
h += o[1] - o[2]
gascost += o[3]
if i in jumps:
chunks[laststart] = {"reqh": reqh, "deltah": -h,
"gascost": gascost, "opdata": c,
"ops": list(enumerate([x[4] for x in c])),
"start": laststart, "jumpable": lastjumpable,
"end": i + 1}
c = []
laststart = i + 1
lastjumpable = 1 if o[0] == 'JUMPDEST' else 0
h, reqh, gascost = 0, 0, 0
if 0x60 <= o[4] < 0x80:
v = 0
for j in range(i + 1, i + o[4] - 0x5e):
v = (v << 8) + opcodez[j][4]
o.append(v)
i += o[4] - 0x5f
i += 1
chunks[laststart] = {"reqh": reqh, "deltah": -h,
"gascost": gascost, "opdata": c,
"ops": list(enumerate([x[4] for x in c])),
"start": laststart, "jumpable": lastjumpable,
"end": i + 1}
return chunks
def proc_sha256(ext, msg):
# print('sha256 proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GSHA256BASE + \
(utils.ceil32(msg.data.size) // 32) * opcodes.GSHA256WORD
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
d = msg.data.extract_all()
o = [safe_ord(x) for x in bitcoin.bin_sha256(d)]
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def proc_ripemd160(ext, msg):
# print('ripemd160 proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GRIPEMD160BASE + \
(utils.ceil32(msg.data.size) // 32) * opcodes.GRIPEMD160WORD
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
d = msg.data.extract_all()
o = [0] * 12 + [safe_ord(x) for x in bitcoin.ripemd.RIPEMD160(d).digest()]
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def sign_eth(rawhash, priv):
pk = PrivateKey(priv, raw=True)
signature = pk.ecdsa_recoverable_serialize(
pk.ecdsa_sign_recoverable(rawhash, raw=True)
)
signature = signature[0] + utils.bytearray_to_bytestr([signature[1]])
v = utils.safe_ord(signature[64]) + 27
r = utils.big_endian_to_int(signature[0:32])
s = utils.big_endian_to_int(signature[32:64])
return (v, r, s)
def OP_EXTCODECOPY():
addr, s1, s2, s3 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = block.get_code(utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(addr)) or ''
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', s1, s3):
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
for i in range(s3):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[s1 + i] = safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[s1 + i] = 0
def verify(msghash: bytes, signature, public_key):
"""Verify that data has been signed with Etheruem private key.
:param signature:
:return:
"""
V = utils.safe_ord(signature[64]) + 27
R = big_endian_to_int(signature[0:32])
S = big_endian_to_int(signature[32:64])
return bitcoin.ecdsa_raw_verify(msghash, (V, R, S), public_key)
def call_casper(state, fun, args=[], gas=1000000, value=0):
ct = get_casper_ct()
abidata = vm.CallData([utils.safe_ord(x) for x in ct.encode(fun, args)])
msg = vm.Message(casper_config['METROPOLIS_ENTRY_POINT'],
casper_config['CASPER_ADDR'], value, gas, abidata)
o = apply_const_message(state, msg)
if o:
# print 'cc', fun, args, ct.decode(fun, o)[0]
return ct.decode(fun, o)[0]
else:
return None
def verify(msghash: bytes, signature, public_key):
"""Verify that data has been signed with Etheruem private key.
:param signature:
:return:
"""
V = utils.safe_ord(signature[64]) + 27
R = big_endian_to_int(signature[0:32])
S = big_endian_to_int(signature[32:64])
return bitcoin.ecdsa_raw_verify(msghash, (V, R, S), public_key)
def proc_ripemd160(ext, msg):
# print('ripemd160 proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GRIPEMD160BASE + \
(utils.ceil32(msg.data.size) // 32) * opcodes.GRIPEMD160WORD
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
d = msg.data.extract_all()
o = [0] * 12 + [
safe_ord(x) for x in pybitcoin.ripemd.RIPEMD160(d).digest()
]
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def ec_add(data: List[int]) -> List[int]:
bytes_data = bytearray(data)
x1 = extract32(bytes_data, 0)
y1 = extract32(bytes_data, 32)
x2 = extract32(bytes_data, 64)
y2 = extract32(bytes_data, 96)
p1 = validate_point(x1, y1)
p2 = validate_point(x2, y2)
if p1 is False or p2 is False:
return []
o = bn128.normalize(bn128.add(p1, p2))
return [safe_ord(x) for x in (encode_int32(o[0].n) + encode_int32(o[1].n))]
def preprocess_code(code):
o = 0
i = 0
pushcache = {}
code = code + b'\x00' * 32
while i < len(code) - 32:
codebyte = safe_ord(code[i])
if codebyte == 0x5b:
o |= 1 << i
if 0x60 <= codebyte <= 0x7f:
pushcache[i] = utils.big_endian_to_int(code[i + 1:i + codebyte -
0x5e])
i += codebyte - 0x5e
else:
i += 1
return o, pushcache
def sign(data: bytes, private_key_seed_ascii: str, hash_function=bitcoin.bin_sha256):
"""Sign data using Ethereum private key.
:param private_key_seed_ascii: Private key seed as ASCII string
"""
msghash = hash_function(data)
priv = utils.sha3(private_key_seed_ascii)
pub = bitcoin.privtopub(priv)
# Based on ethereum/tesrt_contracts.py test_ecrecover
pk = PrivateKey(priv, raw=True)
signature = pk.ecdsa_recoverable_serialize(pk.ecdsa_sign_recoverable(msghash, raw=True))
signature = signature[0] + utils.bytearray_to_bytestr([signature[1]])
v = utils.safe_ord(signature[64]) + 27
r_bytes = signature[0:32]
r = big_endian_to_int(r_bytes)
s_bytes = signature[32:64]
s = big_endian_to_int(s_bytes)
# Make sure we use bytes data and zero padding stays
# good across different systems
r_hex = binascii.hexlify(r_bytes).decode("ascii")
s_hex = binascii.hexlify(s_bytes).decode("ascii")
# Convert to Etheruem address format
addr = utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(bitcoin.encode_pubkey(pub, 'bin')[1:])[12:])
# Return various bits about signing so it's easier to debug
return {
"signature": signature,
"v": v,
"r": r,
"s": s,
"r_bytes": r_bytes,
"s_bytes": s_bytes,
"r_hex": "0x" + r_hex,
"s_hex": "0x" + s_hex,
"address_bitcoin": addr,
"address_ethereum": get_ethereum_address_from_private_key(priv),
"public_key": pub,
"hash": msghash,
"payload": binascii.hexlify(bytes([v] + list(r_bytes)+ list(s_bytes,)))
}
def proc_ecrecover(ext, msg):
#print('ecrecover proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GECRECOVER
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
b = [0] * 32
msg.data.extract_copy(b, 0, 0, 32)
h = ''.join([ascii_chr(x) for x in b])
v = msg.data.extract32(32)
r = msg.data.extract32(64)
s = msg.data.extract32(96)
if r >= bitcoin.N or s >= bitcoin.P or v < 27 or v > 28:
return 1, msg.gas - opcodes.GECRECOVER, [0] * 32
pub = bitcoin.encode_pubkey(bitcoin.ecdsa_raw_recover(h, (v, r, s)), 'bin')
o = [0] * 12 + [safe_ord(x) for x in utils.sha3(pub[1:])[-20:]]
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def decompress(data):
o = b''
i = 0
while i < len(data):
if int_to_bytes(data[i]) == b'\xfe':
if i == len(data) - 1:
raise Exception("Invalid encoding, \\xfe at end")
elif int_to_bytes(data[i + 1]) == b'\x00':
o += b'\xfe'
elif int_to_bytes(data[i + 1]) == b'\x01':
o += NULLSHA3
else:
o += b'\x00' * safe_ord(data[i + 1])
i += 1
else:
o += int_to_bytes(data[i])
i += 1
return o
def proc_ecmul(ext, msg):
if not ext.post_metropolis_hardfork():
return 1, msg.gas, []
import py_ecc.optimized_bn128 as bn128
FQ = bn128.FQ
print('ecmul proc', msg.gas)
if msg.gas < opcodes.GECMUL:
return 0, 0, []
x = msg.data.extract32(0)
y = msg.data.extract32(32)
m = msg.data.extract32(64)
p = validate_point(x, y)
if p is False:
return 0, 0, []
o = bn128.normalize(bn128.multiply(p, m))
return (1, msg.gas - opcodes.GECMUL, [
safe_ord(c) for c in (encode_int32(o[0].n) + encode_int32(o[1].n))
])
def add_signature_to_transaction(tx, signature):
if isinstance(tx, str):
tx = decode_transaction(tx)
encode_at_end = True
else:
encode_at_end = False
if isinstance(signature, str):
signature = data_decoder(signature)
tx.v = safe_ord(signature[64]) + 27
tx.r = big_endian_to_int(signature[0:32])
tx.s = big_endian_to_int(signature[32:64])
if encode_at_end:
return encode_transaction(tx)
return tx
def decompress(data):
o = b''
i = 0
while i < len(data):
if data[i:i + 1] == b'\xfe':
if i == len(data) - 1:
raise Exception("Invalid encoding, \\xfe at end")
elif data[i + 1:i + 2] == b'\x00':
o += b'\xfe'
elif data[i + 1:i + 2] == b'\x01':
o += NULLSHA3
else:
o += b'\x00' * safe_ord(data[i + 1])
i += 1
else:
o += data[i:i + 1]
i += 1
return o
def sign(data: bytes,
private_key_seed_ascii: str,
hash_function=bitcoin.bin_sha256):
"""Sign data using Ethereum private key.
:param private_key_seed_ascii: Private key seed as ASCII string
"""
msghash = hash_function(data)
priv = utils.sha3(private_key_seed_ascii)
pub = bitcoin.privtopub(priv)
# Based on ethereum/tesrt_contracts.py test_ecrecover
pk = PrivateKey(priv, raw=True)
signature = pk.ecdsa_recoverable_serialize(
pk.ecdsa_sign_recoverable(msghash, raw=True))
signature = signature[0] + utils.bytearray_to_bytestr([signature[1]])
v = utils.safe_ord(signature[64]) + 27
r_bytes = signature[0:32]
r = big_endian_to_int(r_bytes)
s_bytes = signature[32:64]
s = big_endian_to_int(s_bytes)
#: XXX Ethereum wants its address in different format
addr = utils.big_endian_to_int(
utils.sha3(bitcoin.encode_pubkey(pub, 'bin')[1:])[12:])
return {
"signature": signature,
"v": v,
"r": r,
"s": s,
"r_bytes": r_bytes,
"s_bytes": s_bytes,
"address_bitcoin": addr,
"address_ethereum": eth_privtoaddr(priv),
"public_key": pub,
"hash": msghash,
"payload": bytes([v] + list(r_bytes) + list(s_bytes, ))
}
def ecrecover(msg, signature, address=None):
"""
Returns None on failure, returns the recovered address on success.
If address is provided: Returns True if the recovered address matches it,
otherwise False.
"""
rawhash = sha3(msg)
if isinstance(signature, str):
signature = data_decoder(signature)
if len(signature) >= 65:
v = safe_ord(signature[64])
r = big_endian_to_int(signature[0:32])
s = big_endian_to_int(signature[32:64])
else:
if address:
return False
else:
return None
# check if ethereum signature, and adjust the recovery id accordingly
if v == 27 or v == 28:
v -= 27
pk = PublicKey(flags=ALL_FLAGS)
pk.public_key = pk.ecdsa_recover(
rawhash,
pk.ecdsa_recoverable_deserialize(
zpad(bytearray_to_bytestr(int_to_32bytearray(r)), 32) +
zpad(bytearray_to_bytestr(int_to_32bytearray(s)), 32), v),
raw=True)
pub = pk.serialize(compressed=False)
recaddr = data_encoder(sha3(pub[1:])[-20:])
if address:
if not address.startswith("0x"):
recaddr = recaddr[2:]
return recaddr == address
return recaddr
def proc_ecrecover(ext, msg):
# print('ecrecover proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GECRECOVER
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
message_hash_bytes = [0] * 32
msg.data.extract_copy(message_hash_bytes, 0, 0, 32)
message_hash = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, message_hash_bytes))
# TODO: This conversion isn't really necessary.
# TODO: Invesitage if the check below is really needed.
v = msg.data.extract32(32)
r = msg.data.extract32(64)
s = msg.data.extract32(96)
if r >= bitcoin.N or s >= bitcoin.N or v < 27 or v > 28:
return 1, msg.gas - opcodes.GECRECOVER, []
signature_bytes = [0] * 64
msg.data.extract_copy(signature_bytes, 0, 64, 32)
msg.data.extract_copy(signature_bytes, 32, 96, 32)
signature = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, signature_bytes))
pk = PublicKey(flags=ALL_FLAGS)
try:
pk.public_key = pk.ecdsa_recover(
message_hash,
pk.ecdsa_recoverable_deserialize(
signature,
v - 27
),
raw=True
)
except Exception:
# Recovery failed
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, []
pub = pk.serialize(compressed=False)
o = [0] * 12 + [safe_ord(x) for x in utils.sha3(pub[1:])[-20:]]
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def call_msg(state,
ct,
func,
args,
sender_addr,
to,
value=0,
startgas=STARTGAS):
abidata = vm.CallData(
[utils.safe_ord(x) for x in ct.encode_function_call(func, args)])
msg = vm.Message(sender_addr, to, value, startgas, abidata)
result = apply_message(state, msg)
if result is None:
raise MessageFailed("Msg failed")
if result is False:
return result
if result == b'':
return None
o = ct.decode(func, result)
return o[0] if len(o) == 1 else o
def proc_ecadd(ext, msg):
if not ext.post_metropolis_hardfork():
return 1, msg.gas, []
import py_ecc.optimized_bn128 as bn128
FQ = bn128.FQ
print('ecadd proc:', msg.gas)
if msg.gas < opcodes.GECADD:
return 0, 0, []
x1 = msg.data.extract32(0)
y1 = msg.data.extract32(32)
x2 = msg.data.extract32(64)
y2 = msg.data.extract32(96)
p1 = validate_point(x1, y1)
p2 = validate_point(x2, y2)
if p1 is False or p2 is False:
return 0, 0, []
o = bn128.normalize(bn128.add(p1, p2))
return 1, msg.gas - \
opcodes.GECADD, [safe_ord(x) for x in (
encode_int32(o[0].n) + encode_int32(o[1].n))]
def sign(data: bytes, private_key_seed_ascii: str, hash_function=bitcoin.bin_sha256):
"""Sign data using Ethereum private key.
:param private_key_seed_ascii: Private key seed as ASCII string
"""
msghash = hash_function(data)
priv = utils.sha3(private_key_seed_ascii)
pub = bitcoin.privtopub(priv)
# Based on ethereum/tesrt_contracts.py test_ecrecover
pk = PrivateKey(priv, raw=True)
signature = pk.ecdsa_recoverable_serialize(pk.ecdsa_sign_recoverable(msghash, raw=True))
signature = signature[0] + utils.bytearray_to_bytestr([signature[1]])
v = utils.safe_ord(signature[64]) + 27
r_bytes = signature[0:32]
r = big_endian_to_int(r_bytes)
s_bytes = signature[32:64]
s = big_endian_to_int(s_bytes)
#: XXX Ethereum wants its address in different format
addr = utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(bitcoin.encode_pubkey(pub, 'bin')[1:])[12:])
return {
"signature": signature,
"v": v,
"r": r,
"s": s,
"r_bytes": r_bytes,
"s_bytes": s_bytes,
"address_bitcoin": addr,
"address_ethereum": eth_privtoaddr(priv),
"public_key": pub,
"hash": msghash,
"payload": bytes([v] + list(r_bytes)+ list(s_bytes,))
}
def proc_ecrecover(ext, msg):
# print('ecrecover proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GECRECOVER
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
message_hash_bytes = [0] * 32
msg.data.extract_copy(message_hash_bytes, 0, 0, 32)
message_hash = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, message_hash_bytes))
# TODO: This conversion isn't really necessary.
# TODO: Invesitage if the check below is really needed.
v = msg.data.extract32(32)
r = msg.data.extract32(64)
s = msg.data.extract32(96)
if r >= bitcoin.N or s >= bitcoin.N or v < 27 or v > 28:
return 1, msg.gas - opcodes.GECRECOVER, []
signature_bytes = [0] * 64
msg.data.extract_copy(signature_bytes, 0, 64, 32)
msg.data.extract_copy(signature_bytes, 32, 96, 32)
signature = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, signature_bytes))
pk = PublicKey(flags=ALL_FLAGS)
try:
pk.public_key = pk.ecdsa_recover(message_hash,
pk.ecdsa_recoverable_deserialize(
signature, v - 27),
raw=True)
except Exception:
# Recovery failed
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, []
pub = pk.serialize(compressed=False)
o = [0] * 12 + [safe_ord(x) for x in utils.sha3(pub[1:])[-20:]]
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def sign(self, key):
"""Sign this transaction with a private key.
A potentially already existing signature would be overridden.
"""
if key in (0, '', b'\x00' * 32, '0' * 64):
raise InvalidTransaction("Zero privkey cannot sign")
rawhash = utils.sha3(rlp.encode(self, UnsignedTransaction))
if len(key) == 64:
# we need a binary key
key = encode_privkey(key, 'bin')
pk = PrivateKey(key, raw=True)
signature = pk.ecdsa_recoverable_serialize(
pk.ecdsa_sign_recoverable(rawhash, raw=True))
signature = signature[0] + utils.bytearray_to_bytestr([signature[1]])
self.v = utils.safe_ord(signature[64]) + 27
self.r = big_endian_to_int(signature[0:32])
self.s = big_endian_to_int(signature[32:64])
self.sender = utils.privtoaddr(key)
return self
def proc_modexp(ext, msg):
if not ext.post_metropolis_hardfork():
return 1, msg.gas, []
print('modexp proc', msg.gas)
baselen = msg.data.extract32(0)
explen = msg.data.extract32(32)
modlen = msg.data.extract32(64)
first_exp_bytes = msg.data.extract32(96 + baselen) >> (8 *
max(32 - explen, 0))
bitlength = -1
while first_exp_bytes:
bitlength += 1
first_exp_bytes >>= 1
adjusted_explen = max(bitlength, 0) + 8 * max(explen - 32, 0)
gas_cost = (mult_complexity(max(modlen, baselen)) *
max(adjusted_explen, 1)) // opcodes.GMODEXPQUADDIVISOR
print(baselen, explen, modlen, 'expected gas cost', gas_cost)
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
if baselen == 0:
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, [0] * modlen
if modlen == 0:
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, []
base = bytearray(baselen)
msg.data.extract_copy(base, 0, 96, baselen)
exp = bytearray(explen)
msg.data.extract_copy(exp, 0, 96 + baselen, explen)
mod = bytearray(modlen)
msg.data.extract_copy(mod, 0, 96 + baselen + explen, modlen)
if utils.big_endian_to_int(mod) == 0:
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, [0] * modlen
o = pow(utils.big_endian_to_int(base), utils.big_endian_to_int(exp),
utils.big_endian_to_int(mod))
return 1, msg.gas - \
gas_cost, [
safe_ord(x) for x in utils.zpad(
utils.int_to_big_endian(o), modlen)]
def sign(self, key):
"""Sign this transaction with a private key.
A potentially already existing signature would be overridden.
"""
if key in (0, '', b'\x00' * 32, '0' * 64):
raise InvalidTransaction("Zero privkey cannot sign")
rawhash = utils.sha3(rlp.encode(self, UnsignedTransaction))
if len(key) == 64:
# we need a binary key
key = encode_privkey(key, 'bin')
pk = PrivateKey(key, raw=True)
signature = pk.ecdsa_recoverable_serialize(
pk.ecdsa_sign_recoverable(rawhash, raw=True)
)
signature = signature[0] + utils.bytearray_to_bytestr([signature[1]])
self.v = utils.safe_ord(signature[64]) + 27
self.r = big_endian_to_int(signature[0:32])
self.s = big_endian_to_int(signature[32:64])
self.sender = utils.privtoaddr(key)
return self
def run_vm_test(params, mode, profiler=None):
pre = params['pre']
exek = params['exec']
env = params['env']
if 'previousHash' not in env:
env['previousHash'] = encode_hex(db_env.config['GENESIS_PREVHASH'])
assert set(env.keys()) == set([
'currentGasLimit', 'currentTimestamp', 'previousHash',
'currentCoinbase', 'currentDifficulty', 'currentNumber'
])
# setup env
header = blocks.BlockHeader(
prevhash=decode_hex(env['previousHash']),
number=parse_int_or_hex(env['currentNumber']),
coinbase=decode_hex(env['currentCoinbase']),
difficulty=parse_int_or_hex(env['currentDifficulty']),
gas_limit=parse_int_or_hex(env['currentGasLimit']),
timestamp=parse_int_or_hex(env['currentTimestamp']))
blk = blocks.Block(header, env=db_env)
# setup state
for address, h in list(pre.items()):
assert len(address) == 40
address = decode_hex(address)
assert set(h.keys()) == set(['code', 'nonce', 'balance', 'storage'])
blk.set_nonce(address, parse_int_or_hex(h['nonce']))
blk.set_balance(address, parse_int_or_hex(h['balance']))
blk.set_code(address, decode_hex(h['code'][2:]))
for k, v in h['storage'].items():
blk.set_storage_data(address,
utils.big_endian_to_int(decode_hex(k[2:])),
utils.big_endian_to_int(decode_hex(v[2:])))
# execute transactions
sender = decode_hex(exek['caller']) # a party that originates a call
recvaddr = decode_hex(exek['address'])
nonce = blk._get_acct_item(sender, 'nonce')
gasprice = parse_int_or_hex(exek['gasPrice'])
startgas = parse_int_or_hex(exek['gas'])
value = parse_int_or_hex(exek['value'])
data = decode_hex(exek['data'][2:])
# bypass gas check in tx initialization by temporarily increasing startgas
num_zero_bytes = str_to_bytes(data).count(ascii_chr(0))
num_non_zero_bytes = len(data) - num_zero_bytes
intrinsic_gas = (opcodes.GTXCOST + opcodes.GTXDATAZERO * num_zero_bytes +
opcodes.GTXDATANONZERO * num_non_zero_bytes)
startgas += intrinsic_gas
tx = transactions.Transaction(nonce=nonce,
gasprice=gasprice,
startgas=startgas,
to=recvaddr,
value=value,
data=data)
tx.startgas -= intrinsic_gas
tx.sender = sender
# capture apply_message calls
apply_message_calls = []
orig_apply_msg = pb.apply_msg
ext = pb.VMExt(blk, tx)
def msg_wrapper(msg):
hexdata = encode_hex(msg.data.extract_all())
apply_message_calls.append(
dict(gasLimit=to_string(msg.gas),
value=to_string(msg.value),
destination=encode_hex(msg.to),
data=b'0x' + hexdata))
return 1, msg.gas, b''
def create_wrapper(msg):
sender = decode_hex(msg.sender) if \
len(msg.sender) == 40 else msg.sender
nonce = utils.encode_int(ext._block.get_nonce(msg.sender))
addr = utils.sha3(rlp.encode([sender, nonce]))[12:]
hexdata = encode_hex(msg.data.extract_all())
apply_message_calls.append(
dict(gasLimit=to_string(msg.gas),
value=to_string(msg.value),
destination=b'',
data=b'0x' + hexdata))
return 1, msg.gas, addr
ext.msg = msg_wrapper
ext.create = create_wrapper
def blkhash(n):
if n >= ext.block_number or n < ext.block_number - 256:
return b''
else:
return utils.sha3(to_string(n))
ext.block_hash = blkhash
msg = vm.Message(tx.sender, tx.to, tx.value, tx.startgas,
vm.CallData([safe_ord(x) for x in tx.data]))
code = decode_hex(exek['code'][2:])
time_pre = time.time()
if profiler:
profiler.enable()
success, gas_remained, output = vm.vm_execute(ext, msg, code)
if profiler:
profiler.disable()
pb.apply_msg = orig_apply_msg
blk.commit_state()
for s in blk.suicides:
blk.del_account(s)
time_post = time.time()
"""
generally expected that the test implementer will read env, exec and pre
then check their results against gas, logs, out, post and callcreates.
If an exception is expected, then latter sections are absent in the test.
Since the reverting of the state is not part of the VM tests.
"""
params2 = copy.deepcopy(params)
if success:
params2['callcreates'] = apply_message_calls
params2['out'] = b'0x' + encode_hex(b''.join(map(ascii_chr, output)))
params2['gas'] = to_string(gas_remained)
params2['logs'] = [log.to_dict() for log in blk.logs]
params2['post'] = blk.to_dict(with_state=True)['state']
if mode == FILL:
return params2
elif mode == VERIFY:
if not success:
assert 'post' not in params, 'failed, but expected to succeed'
params1 = copy.deepcopy(params)
shouldbe, reallyis = params1.get('post',
None), params2.get('post', None)
compare_post_states(shouldbe, reallyis)
def normalize_value(k, p):
if k in p:
if k == 'gas':
return parse_int_or_hex(p[k])
elif k == 'callcreates':
return list(map(callcreate_standard_form, p[k]))
else:
return utils.to_string(k)
return None
for k in ['pre', 'exec', 'env', 'callcreates', 'out', 'gas', 'logs']:
shouldbe = normalize_value(k, params1)
reallyis = normalize_value(k, params2)
if shouldbe != reallyis:
raise Exception("Mismatch: " + k +
':\n shouldbe %r\n reallyis %r' %
(shouldbe, reallyis))
elif mode == TIME:
return time_post - time_pre
def bloom_bits(val):
h = utils.sha3(val)
return [bits_in_number(1 << ((safe_ord(h[i + 1]) + (safe_ord(h[i]) << 8)) & 2047)) for i in range(0, BUCKETS_PER_VAL * 2, 2)]
def bloom_insert(bloom, val):
h = utils.sha3(val)
# print('bloom_insert', bloom_bits(val), repr(val))
for i in range(0, BUCKETS_PER_VAL * 2, 2):
bloom |= 1 << ((safe_ord(h[i + 1]) + (safe_ord(h[i]) << 8)) & 2047)
return bloom
def test_multiarg_code():
s = tester.state()
c = s.abi_contract(multiarg_code)
o = c.kall([1, 2, 3], 4, [5, 6, 7], b"doge", 8)
assert o == [862541, safe_ord('d') + safe_ord('o') + safe_ord('g'), 4]
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
s = time.time()
op = None
steps = 0
_prevop = None # for trace only
while True:
# print('op: ', op, time.time() - s)
# s = time.time()
# stack size limit error
if compustate.pc not in processed_code:
return vm_exception('INVALID START POINT')
_data = processed_code[compustate.pc]
gas, min_stack, max_stack, compustate.pc = _data[:4]
ops = _data[4:]
# out of gas error
if gas > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
# insufficient stack error
if not (min_stack <= len(compustate.stack) <= max_stack):
return vm_exception('INCOMPATIBLE STACK LENGTH',
min_stack=min_stack,
have=len(compustate.stack),
max_stack=max_stack)
# Apply operation
compustate.gas -= gas
for op in ops:
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(
map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if _prevop in (op_MLOAD, op_MSTORE, op_MSTORE8, op_SHA3,
op_CALL, op_CALLCODE, op_CREATE,
op_CALLDATACOPY, op_CODECOPY, op_EXTCODECOPY):
if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
trace_data['memory'] = \
b''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.memory])))
if _prevop in (op_SSTORE, op_SLOAD) or steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
# trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + fee)
trace_data['inst'] = op
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
if steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['op'] = op
trace_data['steps'] = steps
# if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
# trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', **trace_data)
steps += 1
_prevop = op
# Invalid operation
if op == INVALID:
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=op)
# Valid operations
if op < 0x10:
if op == op_STOP:
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == op_ADD:
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_SUB:
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_MUL:
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_DIV:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == op_MOD:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == op_SDIV:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == op_SMOD:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == op_ADDMOD:
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == op_MULMOD:
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == op_EXP:
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == op_SIGNEXTEND:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif op < 0x20:
if op == op_LT:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_GT:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_SLT:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == op_SGT:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == op_EQ:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_ISZERO:
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == op_AND:
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == op_OR:
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == op_XOR:
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == op_NOT:
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == op_BYTE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256**(31 - s0)) % 256)
elif op < 0x40:
if op == op_SHA3:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * \
(utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0:s0 + s1]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == op_ADDRESS:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == op_BALANCE:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == op_ORIGIN:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == op_CALLER:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == op_CALLVALUE:
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == op_CALLDATALOAD:
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == op_CALLDATASIZE:
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == op_CALLDATACOPY:
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == op_CODESIZE:
stk.append(len(code))
elif op == op_CODECOPY:
start, s1, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s1 + i < len(code):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(code[s1 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op == op_GASPRICE:
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == op_EXTCODESIZE:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == op_EXTCODECOPY:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert utils.is_string(extcode)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op < 0x50:
if op == op_BLOCKHASH:
stk.append(
utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == op_COINBASE:
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == op_TIMESTAMP:
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == op_NUMBER:
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == op_DIFFICULTY:
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == op_GASLIMIT:
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif op < 0x60:
if op == op_POP:
stk.pop()
elif op == op_MLOAD:
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = 0
for c in mem[s0:s0 + 32]:
data = (data << 8) + c
stk.append(data)
elif op == op_MSTORE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
v = s1
for i in range(31, -1, -1):
mem[s0 + i] = v % 256
v //= 256
elif op == op_MSTORE8:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == op_SLOAD:
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == op_SSTORE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
# adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.add_refund(refund)
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == op_JUMP:
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][4] if \
compustate.pc in processed_code else op_STOP
if opnew != op_JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == op_JUMPI:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][4] if \
compustate.pc in processed_code else op_STOP
if opnew != op_JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == op_PC:
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == op_MSIZE:
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == op_GAS:
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op_PUSH1 <= (op & 255) <= op_PUSH32:
# Hide push value in high-order bytes of op
stk.append(op >> 8)
elif op_DUP1 <= op <= op_DUP16:
depth = op - op_DUP1 + 1
stk.append(stk[-depth])
elif op_SWAP1 <= op <= op_SWAP16:
depth = op - op_SWAP1 + 1
temp = stk[-depth - 1]
stk[-depth - 1] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op_LOG0 <= op <= op_LOG4:
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = op - op_LOG0
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[mstart:mstart + msz]))
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG',
to=msg.to,
topics=topics,
data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == op_CREATE:
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, compustate.gas,
cd, msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
compustate.gas = gas
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas = 0
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_CALL:
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas + extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_CALLCODE:
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
extra_gas = (value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas + extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
msg.to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_RETURN:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
elif op == op_SUICIDE:
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
# print('suiciding %s %s %d' % (msg.to, to, xfer))
return 1, compustate.gas, []
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
if code in code_cache:
processed_code = code_cache[code]
else:
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
code_cache[code] = processed_code
# print(processed_code.keys(), code)
codelen = len(code)
s = time.time()
steps = 0
_prevop = None # for trace only
while compustate.pc in processed_code:
ops, minstack, maxstack, totgas, nextpos = processed_code[
compustate.pc]
if len(compustate.stack) < minstack:
return vm_exception('INSUFFICIENT STACK')
if len(compustate.stack) > maxstack:
return vm_exception('STACK SIZE LIMIT EXCEEDED')
if totgas > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS %d %d' % (totgas, compustate.gas))
jumped = False
compustate.gas -= totgas
compustate.pc = nextpos
# Invalid operation; can only come at the end of a chunk
if ops[-1][0] == 'INVALID':
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=ops[-1][1])
for op, opcode, pushval in ops:
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(
map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if _prevop in ('MLOAD', 'MSTORE', 'MSTORE8', 'SHA3', 'CALL',
'CALLCODE', 'CREATE', 'CALLDATACOPY',
'CODECOPY', 'EXTCODECOPY'):
if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
trace_data['memory'] = \
''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(b''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.memory])))
if _prevop in ('SSTORE', ) or steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + totgas)
trace_data['inst'] = opcode
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
if steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['steps'] = steps
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', op=op, **trace_data)
steps += 1
_prevop = op
# Valid operations
# Pushes first because they are very frequent
if 0x60 <= opcode <= 0x7f:
# compustate.pc += opcode - 0x5f # Move 1 byte forward for
# 0x60, up to 32 bytes for 0x7f
stk.append(pushval)
elif opcode < 0x10:
if op == 'STOP':
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == 'ADD':
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'SUB':
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'MUL':
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'DIV':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == 'MOD':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == 'SDIV':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == 'SMOD':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == 'ADDMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'MULMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'EXP':
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if ext.post_clearing_hardfork():
expfee += opcodes.EXP_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS * nbytes
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == 'SIGNEXTEND':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif opcode < 0x20:
if op == 'LT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'GT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'SLT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == 'SGT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == 'EQ':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'ISZERO':
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == 'AND':
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == 'OR':
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == 'XOR':
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == 'NOT':
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == 'BYTE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256**(31 - s0)) % 256)
elif opcode < 0x40:
if op == 'SHA3':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * \
(utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = bytearray_to_bytestr(mem[s0:s0 + s1])
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == 'ADDRESS':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == 'BALANCE':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.BALANCE_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == 'ORIGIN':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == 'CALLER':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == 'CALLVALUE':
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == 'CALLDATALOAD':
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == 'CALLDATASIZE':
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == 'CALLDATACOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == 'CODESIZE':
stk.append(len(code))
elif op == 'CODECOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if dstart + i < len(code):
mem[mstart + i] = utils.safe_ord(code[dstart + i])
else:
mem[mstart + i] = 0
elif op == 'RETURNDATACOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
if dstart + size > len(compustate.last_returned):
return vm_exception('RETURNDATACOPY out of range')
mem[mstart:mstart + size] = compustate.last_returned
elif op == 'RETURNDATASIZE':
stk.append(len(compustate.last_returned))
elif op == 'GASPRICE':
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == 'EXTCODESIZE':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.EXTCODELOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == 'EXTCODECOPY':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.EXTCODELOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert utils.is_string(extcode)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif opcode < 0x50:
if op == 'BLOCKHASH':
if ext.post_metropolis_hardfork() and False:
bh_addr = ext.blockhash_store
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(bh_addr, stk.pop()))
else:
stk.append(
utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == 'COINBASE':
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == 'TIMESTAMP':
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == 'NUMBER':
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == 'DIFFICULTY':
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == 'GASLIMIT':
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif opcode < 0x60:
if op == 'POP':
stk.pop()
elif op == 'MLOAD':
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
stk.append(utils.bytes_to_int(mem[s0:s0 + 32]))
elif op == 'MSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0:s0 + 32] = utils.encode_int32(s1)
elif op == 'MSTORE8':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == 'SLOAD':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.SLOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == 'SSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if msg.static:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot SSTORE inside a static context')
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
# adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.add_refund(refund)
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == 'JUMP':
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = code[
compustate.pc] if compustate.pc < codelen else 0
jumped = True
if opnew != JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'JUMPI':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = code[
compustate.pc] if compustate.pc < codelen else 0
jumped = True
if opnew != JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'PC':
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == 'MSIZE':
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == 'GAS':
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op[:3] == 'DUP':
# 0x7f - opcode is a negative number, -1 for 0x80 ... -16 for
# 0x8f
stk.append(stk[0x7f - opcode])
elif op[:4] == 'SWAP':
# 0x8e - opcode is a negative number, -2 for 0x90 ... -17 for
# 0x9f
temp = stk[0x8e - opcode]
stk[0x8e - opcode] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op[:3] == 'LOG':
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = int(op[3:])
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if msg.static:
return vm_exception('Cannot LOG inside a static context')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = bytearray_to_bytestr(mem[mstart:mstart + msz])
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG',
to=msg.to,
topics=topics,
data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == 'CREATE':
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if msg.static:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot CREATE inside a static context')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < MAX_DEPTH:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
ingas = compustate.gas
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
ingas = all_but_1n(ingas,
opcodes.CALL_CHILD_LIMIT_DENOM)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, ingas, cd,
msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas = compustate.gas - ingas + gas
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op in ('CALL', 'CALLCODE', 'DELEGATECALL', 'STATICCALL'):
# Pull arguments from the stack
if op in ('CALL', 'CALLCODE'):
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
else:
gas, to, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
value = 0
# Static context prohibition
if msg.static and value > 0:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot make a non-zero-value call inside a static context'
)
# Expand memory
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.int_to_addr(to)
# Extra gas costs based on hard fork-dependent factors
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * (op == 'CALL') * (value > 0 or not ext.post_clearing_hardfork()) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER + \
ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork() * opcodes.CALL_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS
# Compute child gas limit
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if compustate.gas < extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=extra_gas)
gas = min(
gas,
all_but_1n(compustate.gas - extra_gas,
opcodes.CALL_CHILD_LIMIT_DENOM))
else:
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS',
needed=gas + extra_gas)
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
# Verify that there is sufficient balance and depth
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) < value or msg.depth >= MAX_DEPTH:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
else:
# Subtract gas from parent
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
assert compustate.gas >= 0
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
# Generate the message
if op == 'CALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
static=msg.static)
elif ext.post_homestead_hardfork(
) and op == 'DELEGATECALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.sender,
msg.to,
msg.value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
transfers_value=False,
static=msg.static)
elif op == 'DELEGATECALL':
return vm_exception('OPCODE INACTIVE')
elif op == 'CALLCODE':
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
msg.to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
static=msg.static)
elif op == 'STATICCALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
static=True)
else:
raise Exception("Lolwut")
# Get result
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
# Set output memory
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
compustate.gas += gas
compustate.last_returned = bytearray(data)
elif op == 'RETURN':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
elif op == 'REVERT':
if not ext.post_metropolis_hardfork():
return vm_exception('Opcode not yet enabled')
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return revert(compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
elif op == 'SUICIDE':
if msg.static:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot SUICIDE inside a static context')
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
extra_gas = opcodes.SUICIDE_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS + \
(not ext.account_exists(
to)) * (xfer > 0 or not ext.post_clearing_hardfork()) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT
if not eat_gas(compustate, extra_gas):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
log_msg.debug('SUICIDING',
addr=utils.checksum_encode(msg.to),
to=utils.checksum_encode(to),
xferring=xfer)
return 1, compustate.gas, []
# assert utils.is_numeric(compustate.gas)
# this is slow!
# for a in stk:
# assert is_numeric(a), (op, stk)
# assert a >= 0 and a < 2**256, (a, op, stk)
# if not jumped:
# assert compustate.pc == nextpos
# compustate.pc = nextpos
if compustate.pc >= codelen:
return peaceful_exit('CODE OUT OF RANGE', compustate.gas, [])
return vm_exception('INVALID JUMP')
def test_multiarg_code():
s = tester.state()
c = s.abi_contract(multiarg_code)
o = c.kall([1, 2, 3], 4, [5, 6, 7], "doge", 8)
assert o == [862541, safe_ord('d') + safe_ord('o') + safe_ord('g'), 4]
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
codelen = len(processed_code)
op = None
steps = 0
_prevop = None # for trace only
while 1:
# stack size limit error
if compustate.pc >= codelen:
return peaceful_exit('CODE OUT OF RANGE', compustate.gas, [])
op, in_args, out_args, fee, opcode, pushval = \
processed_code[compustate.pc]
# out of gas error
if fee > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
# empty stack error
if in_args > len(compustate.stack):
return vm_exception('INSUFFICIENT STACK',
op=op, needed=to_string(in_args),
available=to_string(len(compustate.stack)))
if len(compustate.stack) - in_args + out_args > 1024:
return vm_exception('STACK SIZE LIMIT EXCEEDED',
op=op,
pre_height=to_string(len(compustate.stack)))
# Apply operation
compustate.gas -= fee
compustate.pc += 1
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if _prevop in ('MLOAD', 'MSTORE', 'MSTORE8', 'SHA3', 'CALL',
'CALLCODE', 'CREATE', 'CALLDATACOPY', 'CODECOPY',
'EXTCODECOPY'):
if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
trace_data['memory'] = \
b''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.memory])))
if _prevop in ('SSTORE', 'SLOAD') or steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + fee)
trace_data['inst'] = opcode
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
if steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['op'] = op
trace_data['steps'] = steps
if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', **trace_data)
steps += 1
_prevop = op
# Invalid operation
if op == 'INVALID':
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=opcode)
# Valid operations
if opcode < 0x10:
if op == 'STOP':
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == 'ADD':
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'SUB':
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'MUL':
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'DIV':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == 'MOD':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == 'SDIV':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'SMOD':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'ADDMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'MULMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'EXP':
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == 'SIGNEXTEND':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif opcode < 0x20:
if op == 'LT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'GT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'SLT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == 'SGT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == 'EQ':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'ISZERO':
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == 'AND':
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == 'OR':
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == 'XOR':
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == 'NOT':
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == 'BYTE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256 ** (31 - s0)) % 256)
elif opcode < 0x40:
if op == 'SHA3':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * (utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0: s0 + s1]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == 'ADDRESS':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == 'BALANCE':
# EIP150: Increase the gas cost of BALANCE to 400
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork:
if not eat_gas(compustate, opcodes.BALANCE_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2 ** 160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == 'ORIGIN':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == 'CALLER':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == 'CALLVALUE':
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == 'CALLDATALOAD':
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == 'CALLDATASIZE':
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == 'CALLDATACOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == 'CODESIZE':
stk.append(len(processed_code))
elif op == 'CODECOPY':
start, s1, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s1 + i < len(processed_code):
mem[start + i] = processed_code[s1 + i][4]
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op == 'GASPRICE':
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == 'EXTCODESIZE':
# EIP150: Increase the gas cost of EXTCODESIZE to 700
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork:
if not eat_gas(compustate, opcodes.EXTCODELOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2 ** 160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == 'EXTCODECOPY':
# EIP150: Increase the base gas cost of EXTCODECOPY to 700
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork:
if not eat_gas(compustate, opcodes.EXTCODELOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2 ** 160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert utils.is_string(extcode)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif opcode < 0x50:
if op == 'BLOCKHASH':
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == 'COINBASE':
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == 'TIMESTAMP':
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == 'NUMBER':
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == 'DIFFICULTY':
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == 'GASLIMIT':
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif opcode < 0x60:
if op == 'POP':
stk.pop()
elif op == 'MLOAD':
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0: s0 + 32]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(data))
elif op == 'MSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
v = s1
for i in range(31, -1, -1):
mem[s0 + i] = v % 256
v //= 256
elif op == 'MSTORE8':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == 'SLOAD':
# EIP150: Increase the gas cost of SLOAD to 200
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork:
if not eat_gas(compustate, opcodes.SLOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == 'SSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
ext.add_refund(refund) # adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == 'JUMP':
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][0] if \
compustate.pc < len(processed_code) else 'STOP'
if opnew != 'JUMPDEST':
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'JUMPI':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][0] if \
compustate.pc < len(processed_code) else 'STOP'
if opnew != 'JUMPDEST':
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'PC':
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == 'MSIZE':
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == 'GAS':
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op[:4] == 'PUSH':
pushnum = int(op[4:])
compustate.pc += pushnum
stk.append(pushval)
elif op[:3] == 'DUP':
depth = int(op[3:])
stk.append(stk[-depth])
elif op[:4] == 'SWAP':
depth = int(op[4:])
temp = stk[-depth - 1]
stk[-depth - 1] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op[:3] == 'LOG':
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = int(op[3:])
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[mstart: mstart + msz]))
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG', to=msg.to, topics=topics, data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == 'CREATE':
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
ingas = compustate.gas
# EIP150(1b) CREATE only provides all but one 64th of the
# parent gas to the child call
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork:
ingas = max_call_gas(ingas)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, ingas, cd, msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
compustate.gas -= (ingas - gas)
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas -= ingas
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'CALL':
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER + \
ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork * opcodes.CALL_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS
# ^ EIP150 Increase the gas cost of CALL to 700
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork:
# EIP150(1b) if a call asks for more gas than all but one 64th of
# the maximum allowed amount, call with all but one 64th of the
# maximum allowed amount of gas
if compustate.gas < extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=extra_gas)
gas = min(gas, max_call_gas(compustate.gas - extra_gas))
else:
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas + extra_gas)
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to, to, value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'CALLCODE' or op == 'DELEGATECALL':
if op == 'CALLCODE':
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
else:
gas, to, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
value = 0
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
extra_gas = (value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER + \
ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork * opcodes.CALL_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS
# ^ EIP150 Increase the gas cost of CALLCODE, DELEGATECALL to 700
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork:
# EIP150(1b) if a call asks for more gas than all but one 64th of
# the maximum allowed amount, call with all but one 64th of the
# maximum allowed amount of gas
if compustate.gas < extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=extra_gas)
gas = min(gas, max_call_gas(compustate.gas - extra_gas))
else:
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas + extra_gas)
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
if ext.post_homestead_hardfork and op == 'DELEGATECALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.sender, msg.to, msg.value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to, transfers_value=False)
elif op == 'DELEGATECALL':
return vm_exception('OPCODE INACTIVE')
else:
call_msg = Message(msg.to, msg.to, value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'RETURN':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0: s0 + s1])
elif op == 'SUICIDE':
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork:
# EIP150 Increase the gas cost of SUICIDE to 5000
extra_gas = opcodes.SUICIDE_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS + \
(not ext.account_exists(to)) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT
# ^ EIP150(1c) If SUICIDE hits a newly created account, it
# triggers an additional gas cost of 25000 (similar to CALLs)
if not eat_gas(compustate, extra_gas):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
# print('suiciding %s %s %d' % (msg.to, to, xfer))
return 1, compustate.gas, []
def run_vm_test(params, mode, profiler=None):
pre = params['pre']
exek = params['exec']
env = params['env']
if 'previousHash' not in env:
env['previousHash'] = encode_hex(db_env.config['GENESIS_PREVHASH'])
assert set(env.keys()) == set(['currentGasLimit', 'currentTimestamp',
'previousHash', 'currentCoinbase',
'currentDifficulty', 'currentNumber'])
# setup env
header = blocks.BlockHeader(
prevhash=decode_hex(env['previousHash']),
number=parse_int_or_hex(env['currentNumber']),
coinbase=decode_hex(env['currentCoinbase']),
difficulty=parse_int_or_hex(env['currentDifficulty']),
gas_limit=parse_int_or_hex(env['currentGasLimit']),
timestamp=parse_int_or_hex(env['currentTimestamp']))
blk = blocks.Block(header, env=db_env)
# setup state
for address, h in list(pre.items()):
assert len(address) == 40
address = decode_hex(address)
assert set(h.keys()) == set(['code', 'nonce', 'balance', 'storage'])
blk.set_nonce(address, parse_int_or_hex(h['nonce']))
blk.set_balance(address, parse_int_or_hex(h['balance']))
blk.set_code(address, decode_hex(h['code'][2:]))
for k, v in h['storage'].items():
blk.set_storage_data(address,
utils.big_endian_to_int(decode_hex(k[2:])),
utils.big_endian_to_int(decode_hex(v[2:])))
# execute transactions
sender = decode_hex(exek['caller']) # a party that originates a call
recvaddr = decode_hex(exek['address'])
nonce = blk._get_acct_item(sender, 'nonce')
gasprice = parse_int_or_hex(exek['gasPrice'])
startgas = parse_int_or_hex(exek['gas'])
value = parse_int_or_hex(exek['value'])
data = decode_hex(exek['data'][2:])
# bypass gas check in tx initialization by temporarily increasing startgas
num_zero_bytes = str_to_bytes(data).count(ascii_chr(0))
num_non_zero_bytes = len(data) - num_zero_bytes
intrinsic_gas = (opcodes.GTXCOST + opcodes.GTXDATAZERO * num_zero_bytes +
opcodes.GTXDATANONZERO * num_non_zero_bytes)
startgas += intrinsic_gas
tx = transactions.Transaction(nonce=nonce, gasprice=gasprice, startgas=startgas,
to=recvaddr, value=value, data=data)
tx.startgas -= intrinsic_gas
tx.sender = sender
# capture apply_message calls
apply_message_calls = []
orig_apply_msg = pb.apply_msg
ext = pb.VMExt(blk, tx)
def msg_wrapper(msg):
hexdata = encode_hex(msg.data.extract_all())
apply_message_calls.append(dict(gasLimit=to_string(msg.gas),
value=to_string(msg.value),
destination=encode_hex(msg.to),
data=b'0x' + hexdata))
return 1, msg.gas, b''
def create_wrapper(msg):
sender = decode_hex(msg.sender) if \
len(msg.sender) == 40 else msg.sender
nonce = utils.encode_int(ext._block.get_nonce(msg.sender))
addr = utils.sha3(rlp.encode([sender, nonce]))[12:]
hexdata = encode_hex(msg.data.extract_all())
apply_message_calls.append(dict(gasLimit=to_string(msg.gas),
value=to_string(msg.value),
destination=b'', data=b'0x' + hexdata))
return 1, msg.gas, addr
ext.msg = msg_wrapper
ext.create = create_wrapper
def blkhash(n):
if n >= ext.block_number or n < ext.block_number - 256:
return b''
else:
return utils.sha3(to_string(n))
ext.block_hash = blkhash
msg = vm.Message(tx.sender, tx.to, tx.value, tx.startgas,
vm.CallData([safe_ord(x) for x in tx.data]))
code = decode_hex(exek['code'][2:])
time_pre = time.time()
if profiler:
profiler.enable()
success, gas_remained, output = vm.vm_execute(ext, msg, code)
if profiler:
profiler.disable()
pb.apply_msg = orig_apply_msg
blk.commit_state()
for s in blk.suicides:
blk.del_account(s)
time_post = time.time()
"""
generally expected that the test implementer will read env, exec and pre
then check their results against gas, logs, out, post and callcreates.
If an exception is expected, then latter sections are absent in the test.
Since the reverting of the state is not part of the VM tests.
"""
params2 = copy.deepcopy(params)
if success:
params2['callcreates'] = apply_message_calls
params2['out'] = b'0x' + encode_hex(b''.join(map(ascii_chr, output)))
params2['gas'] = to_string(gas_remained)
params2['logs'] = [log.to_dict() for log in blk.logs]
params2['post'] = blk.to_dict(with_state=True)['state']
if mode == FILL:
return params2
elif mode == VERIFY:
if not success:
assert 'post' not in params, 'failed, but expected to succeed'
params1 = copy.deepcopy(params)
shouldbe, reallyis = params1.get('post', None), params2.get('post', None)
compare_post_states(shouldbe, reallyis)
def normalize_value(k, p):
if k in p:
if k == 'gas':
return parse_int_or_hex(p[k])
elif k == 'callcreates':
return list(map(callcreate_standard_form, p[k]))
else:
return utils.to_string(k)
return None
for k in ['pre', 'exec', 'env', 'callcreates',
'out', 'gas', 'logs']:
shouldbe = normalize_value(k, params1)
reallyis = normalize_value(k, params2)
if shouldbe != reallyis:
raise Exception("Mismatch: " + k + ':\n shouldbe %r\n reallyis %r' %
(shouldbe, reallyis))
elif mode == TIME:
return time_post - time_pre
def apply_transaction(block, tx):
validate_transaction(block, tx)
log_tx.debug('TX NEW', tx_dict=tx.log_dict())
# start transacting #################
block.increment_nonce(tx.sender)
# print block.get_nonce(tx.sender), '@@@'
# buy startgas
assert block.get_balance(tx.sender) >= tx.startgas * tx.gasprice
block.delta_balance(tx.sender, -tx.startgas * tx.gasprice)
message_gas = tx.startgas - intrinsic_gas_used(tx)
message_data = vm.CallData([safe_ord(x) for x in tx.data], 0, len(tx.data))
message = vm.Message(tx.sender, tx.to, tx.value, message_gas, message_data, code_address=tx.to)
# MESSAGE
ext = VMExt(block, tx)
if tx.to and tx.to != CREATE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS:
result, gas_remained, data = apply_msg(ext, message)
log_tx.debug('_res_', result=result, gas_remained=gas_remained, data=data)
else: # CREATE
result, gas_remained, data = create_contract(ext, message)
assert utils.is_numeric(gas_remained)
log_tx.debug('_create_', result=result, gas_remained=gas_remained, data=data)
assert gas_remained >= 0
log_tx.debug("TX APPLIED", result=result, gas_remained=gas_remained,
data=data)
if not result: # 0 = OOG failure in both cases
log_tx.debug('TX FAILED', reason='out of gas',
startgas=tx.startgas, gas_remained=gas_remained)
block.gas_used += tx.startgas
block.delta_balance(block.coinbase, tx.gasprice * tx.startgas)
output = b''
success = 0
else:
log_tx.debug('TX SUCCESS', data=data)
gas_used = tx.startgas - gas_remained
block.refunds += len(set(block.suicides)) * opcodes.GSUICIDEREFUND
if block.refunds > 0:
log_tx.debug('Refunding', gas_refunded=min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2))
gas_remained += min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2)
gas_used -= min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2)
block.refunds = 0
# sell remaining gas
block.delta_balance(tx.sender, tx.gasprice * gas_remained)
block.delta_balance(block.coinbase, tx.gasprice * gas_used)
block.gas_used += gas_used
if tx.to:
output = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, data))
else:
output = data
success = 1
block.commit_state()
suicides = block.suicides
block.suicides = []
for s in suicides:
block.ether_delta -= block.get_balance(s)
block.set_balance(s, 0)
block.del_account(s)
block.add_transaction_to_list(tx)
block.logs = []
return success, output
def apply_msg(block, tx, msg, code):
msg = Message(msg.sender, msg.to, msg.value, msg.gas, bytearray_to_32s(
[safe_ord(x) for x in msg.data]), len(msg.data))
# print '### applying msg ###'
callstack = []
msgtop, mem, stk, ops, index = None, None, None, [], [None]
done = []
# Does anything special need to be done after this code chunk?
special = [None, None, None, None, None, None]
# To be called immediately when a new message is initiated
def initialize(msg, code):
# print 'init', extract_bytes(msg.data, 0, msg.databytes), msg.gas,
# msg.sender, block.get_nonce(msg.sender)
callstack.append(msg)
# Transfer value, instaquit if not enough
o = block.transfer_value(msg.sender, msg.to, msg.value)
if not o:
msg.callback(1, msg.gas, [])
return
msg.snapshot = block.snapshot()
msg.compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
if code in code_cache:
msg.processed_code = code_cache[code]
else:
msg.processed_code = preprocess_vmcode(code)
code_cache[code] = msg.processed_code
initialize(msg, code)
# To be called immediately when a message returns
def drop(output, outputlength=0):
special[0] = 'drop'
special[1] = output
special[2] = outputlength
# The actual drop function, called by chunk finalizing code way
# at the bottom below
def drop2(o, l=0):
# print 'dropping', extract_bytes(o, 0, l)
if len(callstack) > 1:
if o == OUT_OF_GAS:
block.revert(msgtop.snapshot)
msgtop.callback(0, msgtop.compustate.gas, [], 0)
else:
msgtop.callback(1, msgtop.compustate.gas, o, l)
callstack.pop()
else:
if o == OUT_OF_GAS:
block.revert(msgtop.snapshot)
done.extend([0, msgtop.compustate.gas, []])
else:
done.extend([1, msgtop.compustate.gas, extract_bytes(o, 0, l)])
# Generates callback functions for messages that create contracts
def contract_callback_factory():
def cb(res, gas, dat, databytes):
if res:
b = extract_bytes(dat, 0, databytes)
block.set_code(callstack[-1].to, ''.join([ascii_chr(x) for x in b]))
res = utils.coerce_to_int(callstack[-1].to)
else:
if tx.sender != callstack[-1].sender:
block.decrement_nonce(callstack[-1].sender)
block.del_account(callstack[-1].to)
callstack[-2].compustate.stack.append(res)
callstack[-2].compustate.gas = gas
callstack[-1].callback = cb
# Generates callback functions for normal messages. Take the output start
# and end bytes to put return data into parent memory
def callback_factory(memoutstart, memoutsz):
def cb(res, gas, dat, databytes):
if res == 0:
callstack[-2].compustate.stack.append(0)
else:
callstack[-2].compustate.stack.append(1)
callstack[-2].compustate.gas += gas
if len(dat) * 32 < memoutsz:
dat += [0] * (memoutsz - (len(dat) // 32) + 1)
copy32(dat, callstack[-2].compustate.memory, 0, memoutstart, databytes)
callstack[-1].callback = cb
# Functions to calculate the current amount of gas left and
# the current PC
def gaz():
g = msgtop.compustate.gas
for i in range(index[0]):
g -= code_chunk['opdata'][i][3]
return g
gas = gaz
def pc():
return code_chunk["opdata"][index[0]][5]
# Functions to handle the individual operations
def OP_STOP():
drop([])
def OP_ADD():
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
def OP_SUB():
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
def OP_MUL():
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
def OP_DIV():
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
def OP_MOD():
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
def OP_SDIV():
s0, s1 = to_signed(stk.pop()), to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) * (-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
def OP_SMOD():
s0, s1 = to_signed(stk.pop()), to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) * (-1 if s0 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
def OP_INVALID():
drop([])
def OP_PUSHN():
stk.append(code_chunk['opdata'][index[0]][6])
def OP_DUPN():
stk.append(stk[-(ops[index[0]][1] - 0x7f)])
def OP_SWAPN():
depth = ops[index[0]][1] - 0x8f
temp = stk[-depth - 1]
stk[-depth - 1] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
def OP_CREATE():
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', mstart, msz):
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
if block.get_balance(msgtop.to) >= value:
sender = decode_hex(msgtop.to) if len(msgtop.to) == 40 else msgtop.to
block.increment_nonce(msgtop.to)
data = [0] * ((msz >> 5) + 1)
copy32(mem, data, mstart, 0, msz)
create_msg = Message(msgtop.to, '', value, gaz() - 100, data, msz)
msgtop.compustate.gas -= gaz() - 100
nonce = utils.encode_int(block.get_nonce(msgtop.to) - 1)
create_msg.to = encode_hex(utils.sha3(rlp.encode([sender, nonce]))[12:])
special[0] = 'create'
special[1] = create_msg
special[2] = ''.join([ascii_chr(x) for x in extract_bytes(data, 0, msz)])
else:
stk.append(0)
def OP_CALL():
subgas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if max(meminstart + meminsz, memoutstart + memoutsz) > len(mem) << 5:
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', memoutstart, memoutsz) or \
msgtop.compustate.gas < subgas:
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
msgtop.compustate.gas -= subgas
if block.get_balance(msgtop.to) >= value:
data = [0] * ((meminsz >> 5) + 1)
copy32(mem, data, meminstart, 0, meminsz)
to = utils.int_to_addr(to)
call_msg = Message(msgtop.to, to, value, subgas, data, meminsz)
special[0] = 'call'
special[1] = call_msg
special[2] = block.get_code(to)
special[3] = memoutstart
special[4] = memoutsz
else:
stk.append(0)
def OP_RETURN():
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', s0, s1):
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
o = [0] * ((s1 >> 5) + 1)
copy32(mem, o, s0, 0, s1)
drop(o, s1)
def OP_CALLCODE():
subgas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', memoutstart, memoutsz):
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
if msgtop.compustate.gas < subgas:
return drop(out_of_gas_exception('subcall gas', gas, msgtop.compustate, ''))
msgtop.compustate.gas -= subgas
data = [0] * ((meminsz >> 5) + 1)
copy32(mem, data, meminstart, 0, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msgtop.to, msgtop.to, value, subgas, data, meminsz)
special[0] = 'call'
special[1] = call_msg
special[2] = block.get_code(utils.int_to_addr(to))
special[3] = memoutstart
special[4] = memoutsz
def OP_SUICIDE():
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = encode_hex((('\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:])
block.transfer_value(msgtop.to, to, block.get_balance(msgtop.to))
block.suicides.append(msgtop.to)
drop([])
def OP_EXP():
stk.append(pow(stk.pop(), stk.pop(), TT256))
def OP_NEG():
stk.append(-stk.pop() & TT256M1)
def OP_LT():
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
def OP_GT():
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
def OP_SLT():
s0, s1 = to_signed(stk.pop()), to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
def OP_SGT():
s0, s1 = to_signed(stk.pop()), to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
def OP_EQ():
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
def OP_NOT():
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
def OP_AND():
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
def OP_OR():
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
def OP_XOR():
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
def OP_BYTE():
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256 ** (31 - s0)) % 256)
def OP_ADDMOD():
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
def OP_MULMOD():
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
def OP_SHA3():
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', s0, s1):
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
data = ''.join([ascii_chr(x) for x in mem[s0: s0 + s1]])
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
def OP_ADDRESS():
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
def OP_BALANCE():
stk.append(block.get_balance(utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop())))
def OP_ORIGIN():
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(tx.sender))
def OP_CALLER():
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
def OP_CALLVALUE():
stk.append(msg.value)
def OP_CALLDATALOAD():
s0 = stk.pop()
if s0 >= msgtop.databytes:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(load32(msgtop.data, s0))
def OP_CALLDATASIZE():
stk.append(msgtop.databytes)
def OP_CALLDATACOPY():
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', s0, s2):
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
if s1 + s2 > (len(msgtop.data) << 5):
msgtop.data.extend([0] * (((s1 + s2) >> 5) - len(msgtop.data) + 1))
copy32(msgtop.data, mem, s1, s0, s2)
def OP_CODESIZE():
stk.append(len(msgtop.processed_code))
def OP_CODECOPY():
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s2:
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', s0, s2):
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
copy_chunk = msgtop.processed_code["code"][s1: s1 + s2]
copy_chunk += [0] * (s2 - len(copy_chunk))
set_bytes(mem, s0, copy_chunk)
def OP_GASPRICE():
stk.append(tx.gasprice)
def OP_EXTCODESIZE():
stk.append(len(block.get_code(utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop())) or ''))
def OP_EXTCODECOPY():
addr, s1, s2, s3 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = block.get_code(utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(addr)) or ''
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', s1, s3):
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
for i in range(s3):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[s1 + i] = safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[s1 + i] = 0
def OP_PREVHASH():
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(block.prevhash))
def OP_COINBASE():
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(decode_hex(block.coinbase)))
def OP_TIMESTAMP():
stk.append(block.timestamp)
def OP_NUMBER():
stk.append(block.number)
def OP_DIFFICULTY():
stk.append(block.difficulty)
def OP_GASLIMIT():
stk.append(block.gas_limit)
def OP_POP():
stk.pop()
def OP_MLOAD():
s0 = stk.pop()
if (s0 + 32) > len(mem) << 5:
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', s0, 32):
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
if not s0 % 32:
stk.append(mem[s0 >> 5])
else:
stk.append((mem[s0 >> 5] << (8 * (s0 % 32))) &
TT256M1 + mem[s0 >> 5 + 1] >> (256 - 8 * (s0 % 32)))
def OP_MSTORE():
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if (s0 + 32) > len(mem) << 5:
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', s0, 32):
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
if not s0 % 32:
mem[s0 >> 5] = s1
else:
mem[s0 >> 5] = mem[s0 >> 5] & (
TT256 - (TT256 >> (8 * (s0 % 32)))) + s1 >> (8 * (s0 % 32))
mem[s0 >> 5 + 1] = mem[s0 >> 5 +
1] & ((TT256 >> (8 * (s0 % 32))) - 1) + (s1 << (256 - 8 * (s0 % 32))) & TT256M1
def OP_MSTORE8():
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, msgtop.compustate, '', s0, 1):
return drop(OUT_OF_GAS)
a = mem[s0 >> 5]
mem[s0 >> 5] = (a ^ (a & ((1 << (256 - 8 * (s0 % 32))) * 255))) + \
s1 << (256 - 8 * (s0 % 32))
def OP_SLOAD():
stk.append(block.get_storage_data(msgtop.to, stk.pop()))
def OP_SSTORE():
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
pre_occupied = GSTORAGE if block.get_storage_data(msgtop.to, s0) else 0
post_occupied = GSTORAGE if s1 else 0
gascost = GSTORAGE + post_occupied - pre_occupied
if msgtop.compustate.gas < gascost:
return drop(out_of_gas_exception('sstore trie expansion', gascost, msgtop.compustate, ''))
msgtop.compustate.gas -= gascost
block.set_storage_data(msgtop.to, s0, s1)
def OP_JUMP():
special[0] = 'jump'
special[1] = stk.pop() + 1
op = msgtop.processed_code.get(special[1], {"jumpable": None})
if not op["jumpable"]:
return drop([])
msgtop.compustate.gas -= 1
def OP_JUMPI():
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
special[0] = 'jump'
special[1] = s0 + 1
op = msgtop.processed_code.get(special[1], {"jumpable": None})
if not op["jumpable"]:
return drop([])
msgtop.compustate.gas -= 1
def OP_PC():
stk.append(pc())
def OP_MSIZE():
stk.append(len(mem) << 5)
def OP_GAS():
stk.append(gas() - 1)
def OP_JUMPDEST():
pass
op_map = [
# 0x00
OP_STOP,
OP_ADD,
OP_MUL,
OP_SUB,
OP_DIV,
OP_SDIV,
OP_MOD,
OP_SMOD,
OP_EXP,
OP_NEG,
OP_LT,
OP_GT,
OP_SLT,
OP_SGT,
OP_EQ,
OP_NOT,
# 0x10
OP_AND,
OP_OR,
OP_XOR,
OP_BYTE,
OP_ADDMOD,
OP_MULMOD,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
# 0x20
OP_SHA3,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
# 0x30:
OP_ADDRESS,
OP_BALANCE,
OP_ORIGIN,
OP_CALLER,
OP_CALLVALUE,
OP_CALLDATALOAD,
OP_CALLDATASIZE,
OP_CALLDATACOPY,
OP_CODESIZE,
OP_CODECOPY,
OP_GASPRICE,
OP_EXTCODESIZE,
OP_EXTCODECOPY,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
# 0x40:
OP_PREVHASH,
OP_COINBASE,
OP_TIMESTAMP,
OP_NUMBER,
OP_DIFFICULTY,
OP_GASLIMIT,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
# 0x50
OP_POP,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_MLOAD,
OP_MSTORE,
OP_MSTORE8,
OP_SLOAD,
OP_SSTORE,
OP_JUMP,
OP_JUMPI,
OP_PC,
OP_MSIZE,
OP_GAS,
OP_JUMPDEST,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
] + [OP_PUSHN] * 32 + [OP_DUPN] * 16 + [OP_SWAPN] * 16 + [OP_INVALID] * 80 + [
OP_CREATE,
OP_CALL,
OP_CALLCODE,
OP_RETURN,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_INVALID,
OP_SUICIDE
]
# Main loop
while not done:
msgtop = callstack[-1]
stk = msgtop.compustate.stack
mem = msgtop.compustate.memory
# print msgtop.processed_code
if msgtop.compustate.pc not in msgtop.processed_code:
drop2([])
continue
code_chunk = msgtop.processed_code[msgtop.compustate.pc]
# insufficient stack or base gas
if len(stk) < code_chunk["reqh"] or \
msgtop.compustate.gas < code_chunk["gascost"]:
drop2([])
ops = code_chunk["ops"]
index = [0]
# Run a code chunk
for (index[0], op) in ops:
op_map[op]()
msgtop.compustate.gas -= code_chunk["gascost"]
# insufficient extra gas
if msgtop.compustate.gas < 0:
drop2(out_of_gas_exception(
'surcharges', code_chunk["gascost"], msgtop.compustate, ops))
msgtop.compustate.pc = code_chunk["end"]
# If we need to jump, return or call
if special[0] is not None:
if special[0] == 'drop':
drop2(special[1], special[2])
elif special[0] == 'jump':
msgtop.compustate.pc = special[1]
elif special[0] == 'create':
initialize(special[1], special[2])
contract_callback_factory()
elif special[0] == 'call':
initialize(special[1], special[2])
callback_factory(special[3], special[4])
special[0] = None
return done
def apply_transaction(block, tx):
validate_transaction(block, tx)
# print(block.get_nonce(tx.sender), '@@@')
def rp(what, actual, target):
return "%r: %r actual:%r target:%r" % (tx, what, actual, target)
intrinsic_gas = tx.intrinsic_gas_used
if block.number >= block.config["HOMESTEAD_FORK_BLKNUM"]:
assert tx.s * 2 < transactions.secpk1n
if not tx.to or tx.to == CREATE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS:
intrinsic_gas += opcodes.CREATE[3]
if tx.startgas < intrinsic_gas:
raise InsufficientStartGas(rp("startgas", tx.startgas, intrinsic_gas))
log_tx.debug("TX NEW", tx_dict=tx.log_dict())
# start transacting #################
block.increment_nonce(tx.sender)
# buy startgas
assert block.get_balance(tx.sender) >= tx.startgas * tx.gasprice
block.delta_balance(tx.sender, -tx.startgas * tx.gasprice)
message_gas = tx.startgas - intrinsic_gas
message_data = vm.CallData([safe_ord(x) for x in tx.data], 0, len(tx.data))
message = vm.Message(tx.sender, tx.to, tx.value, message_gas, message_data, code_address=tx.to)
# MESSAGE
ext = VMExt(block, tx)
if tx.to and tx.to != CREATE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS:
result, gas_remained, data = apply_msg(ext, message)
log_tx.debug("_res_", result=result, gas_remained=gas_remained, data=lazy_safe_encode(data))
else: # CREATE
result, gas_remained, data = create_contract(ext, message)
assert utils.is_numeric(gas_remained)
log_tx.debug("_create_", result=result, gas_remained=gas_remained, data=lazy_safe_encode(data))
assert gas_remained >= 0
log_tx.debug("TX APPLIED", result=result, gas_remained=gas_remained, data=lazy_safe_encode(data))
if not result: # 0 = OOG failure in both cases
log_tx.debug("TX FAILED", reason="out of gas", startgas=tx.startgas, gas_remained=gas_remained)
block.gas_used += tx.startgas
block.delta_balance(block.coinbase, tx.gasprice * tx.startgas)
output = b""
success = 0
else:
log_tx.debug("TX SUCCESS", data=lazy_safe_encode(data))
gas_used = tx.startgas - gas_remained
block.refunds += len(set(block.suicides)) * opcodes.GSUICIDEREFUND
if block.refunds > 0:
log_tx.debug("Refunding", gas_refunded=min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2))
gas_remained += min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2)
gas_used -= min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2)
block.refunds = 0
# sell remaining gas
block.delta_balance(tx.sender, tx.gasprice * gas_remained)
block.delta_balance(block.coinbase, tx.gasprice * gas_used)
block.gas_used += gas_used
if tx.to:
output = b"".join(map(ascii_chr, data))
else:
output = data
success = 1
block.commit_state()
suicides = block.suicides
block.suicides = []
for s in suicides:
block.ether_delta -= block.get_balance(s)
block.set_balance(s, 0)
block.del_account(s)
block.add_transaction_to_list(tx)
block.logs = []
return success, output
def bloom_insert(bloom, val):
h = utils.sha3(val)
# print('bloom_insert', bloom_bits(val), repr(val))
for i in range(0, BUCKETS_PER_VAL * 2, 2):
bloom |= 1 << ((safe_ord(h[i + 1]) + (safe_ord(h[i]) << 8)) & 2047)
return bloom
def apply_transaction(state, tx):
state.logs = []
state.suicides = []
state.refunds = 0
validate_transaction(state, tx)
intrinsic_gas = tx.intrinsic_gas_used
if state.is_HOMESTEAD():
assert tx.s * 2 < transactions.secpk1n
if not tx.to or tx.to == CREATE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS:
intrinsic_gas += opcodes.CREATE[3]
if tx.startgas < intrinsic_gas:
raise InsufficientStartGas(
rp(tx, 'startgas', tx.startgas, intrinsic_gas))
log_tx.debug('TX NEW', txdict=tx.to_dict())
# start transacting #################
if tx.sender != null_address:
state.increment_nonce(tx.sender)
# buy startgas
assert state.get_balance(tx.sender) >= tx.startgas * tx.gasprice
state.delta_balance(tx.sender, -tx.startgas * tx.gasprice)
message_data = vm.CallData([safe_ord(x) for x in tx.data], 0, len(tx.data))
message = vm.Message(
tx.sender,
tx.to,
tx.value,
tx.startgas -
intrinsic_gas,
message_data,
code_address=tx.to)
# MESSAGE
ext = VMExt(state, tx)
if tx.to != b'':
result, gas_remained, data = apply_msg(ext, message)
else: # CREATE
result, gas_remained, data = create_contract(ext, message)
assert gas_remained >= 0
log_tx.debug("TX APPLIED", result=result, gas_remained=gas_remained,
data=data)
gas_used = tx.startgas - gas_remained
# Transaction failed
if not result:
log_tx.debug('TX FAILED', reason='out of gas',
startgas=tx.startgas, gas_remained=gas_remained)
state.delta_balance(tx.sender, tx.gasprice * gas_remained)
state.delta_balance(state.block_coinbase, tx.gasprice * gas_used)
output = b''
success = 0
# Transaction success
else:
log_tx.debug('TX SUCCESS', data=data)
state.refunds += len(set(state.suicides)) * opcodes.GSUICIDEREFUND
if state.refunds > 0:
log_tx.debug(
'Refunding',
gas_refunded=min(
state.refunds,
gas_used // 2))
gas_remained += min(state.refunds, gas_used // 2)
gas_used -= min(state.refunds, gas_used // 2)
state.refunds = 0
# sell remaining gas
state.delta_balance(tx.sender, tx.gasprice * gas_remained)
state.delta_balance(state.block_coinbase, tx.gasprice * gas_used)
if tx.to:
output = bytearray_to_bytestr(data)
else:
output = data
success = 1
state.gas_used += gas_used
# Clear suicides
suicides = state.suicides
state.suicides = []
for s in suicides:
state.set_balance(s, 0)
state.del_account(s)
# Pre-Metropolis: commit state after every tx
if not state.is_METROPOLIS() and not SKIP_MEDSTATES:
state.commit()
# Construct a receipt
r = mk_receipt(state, success, state.logs)
_logs = list(state.logs)
state.logs = []
state.add_receipt(r)
state.set_param('bloom', state.bloom | r.bloom)
state.set_param('txindex', state.txindex + 1)
return success, output
def apply_transaction(block, tx, cb=None, validate=True):
eth_call = False
def dummy_cb(*args, **kwargs):
pass
if cb is None:
cb = dummy_cb
eth_call = True
if validate:
validate_transaction(block, tx)
log_tx.debug('TX NEW', tx_dict=tx.log_dict())
# start transacting #################
block.increment_nonce(tx.sender)
intrinsic_gas = intrinsic_gas_used(tx)
if block.number >= block.config['HOMESTEAD_FORK_BLKNUM']:
assert tx.s * 2 < transactions.secpk1n
if not tx.to or tx.to == CREATE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS:
intrinsic_gas += opcodes.CREATE[3]
if tx.startgas < intrinsic_gas:
raise InsufficientStartGas(rp('startgas', tx.startgas, intrinsic_gas))
# buy startgas
if validate:
assert block.get_balance(tx.sender) >= tx.startgas * tx.gasprice
block.delta_balance(tx.sender, -tx.startgas * tx.gasprice)
message_gas = tx.startgas - intrinsic_gas
message_data = vm.CallData([safe_ord(x) for x in tx.data], 0, len(tx.data))
message = vm.Message(tx.sender, tx.to, tx.value, message_gas, message_data, code_address=tx.to)
# MESSAGE
ext = CapVMExt(block, tx, cb)
if tx.to and tx.to != CREATE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS:
result, gas_remained, data = ext._msg(message)
log_tx.debug('_res_', result=result, gas_remained=gas_remained, data=data)
else: # CREATE
result, gas_remained, data = create_contract(ext, message)
assert utils.is_numeric(gas_remained)
log_tx.debug('_create_', result=result, gas_remained=gas_remained, data=data)
assert gas_remained >= 0
log_tx.debug("TX APPLIED", result=result, gas_remained=gas_remained,
data=data)
if not result: # 0 = OOG failure in both cases
log_tx.debug('TX FAILED', reason='out of gas',
startgas=tx.startgas, gas_remained=gas_remained)
block.gas_used += tx.startgas
block.delta_balance(block.coinbase, tx.gasprice * tx.startgas)
output = b''
success = 0
else:
log_tx.debug('TX SUCCESS', data=data)
gas_used = tx.startgas - gas_remained
block.refunds += len(set(block.suicides)) * opcodes.GSUICIDEREFUND
if block.refunds > 0:
log_tx.debug('Refunding', gas_refunded=min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2))
gas_remained += min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2)
gas_used -= min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2)
block.refunds = 0
# sell remaining gas
block.delta_balance(tx.sender, tx.gasprice * gas_remained)
block.delta_balance(block.coinbase, tx.gasprice * gas_used)
block.gas_used += gas_used
if tx.to:
output = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, data))
else:
output = data
success = 1
block.commit_state()
suicides = block.suicides
block.suicides = []
for s in suicides:
block.ether_delta -= block.get_balance(s)
block.set_balance(s, 0)
block.del_account(s)
block.add_transaction_to_list(tx)
block.logs = []
return success, output
def apply_transaction(block, tx):
validate_transaction(block, tx)
log_tx.debug('TX NEW', tx_dict=tx.log_dict())
# start transacting #################
block.increment_nonce(tx.sender)
# print block.get_nonce(tx.sender), '@@@'
# buy startgas
assert block.get_balance(tx.sender) >= tx.startgas * tx.gasprice
block.delta_balance(tx.sender, -tx.startgas * tx.gasprice)
message_gas = tx.startgas - intrinsic_gas_used(tx)
message_data = vm.CallData([safe_ord(x) for x in tx.data], 0, len(tx.data))
message = vm.Message(tx.sender,
tx.to,
tx.value,
message_gas,
message_data,
code_address=tx.to)
# MESSAGE
ext = VMExt(block, tx)
if tx.to and tx.to != CREATE_CONTRACT_ADDRESS:
result, gas_remained, data = apply_msg(ext, message)
log_tx.debug('_res_',
result=result,
gas_remained=gas_remained,
data=data)
else: # CREATE
result, gas_remained, data = create_contract(ext, message)
assert utils.is_numeric(gas_remained)
log_tx.debug('_create_',
result=result,
gas_remained=gas_remained,
data=data)
assert gas_remained >= 0
log_tx.debug("TX APPLIED",
result=result,
gas_remained=gas_remained,
data=data)
if not result: # 0 = OOG failure in both cases
log_tx.debug('TX FAILED',
reason='out of gas',
startgas=tx.startgas,
gas_remained=gas_remained)
block.gas_used += tx.startgas
block.delta_balance(block.coinbase, tx.gasprice * tx.startgas)
output = b''
success = 0
else:
log_tx.debug('TX SUCCESS', data=data)
gas_used = tx.startgas - gas_remained
block.refunds += len(set(block.suicides)) * opcodes.GSUICIDEREFUND
if block.refunds > 0:
log_tx.debug('Refunding',
gas_refunded=min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2))
gas_remained += min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2)
gas_used -= min(block.refunds, gas_used // 2)
block.refunds = 0
# sell remaining gas
block.delta_balance(tx.sender, tx.gasprice * gas_remained)
block.delta_balance(block.coinbase, tx.gasprice * gas_used)
block.gas_used += gas_used
if tx.to:
output = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, data))
else:
output = data
success = 1
block.commit_state()
suicides = block.suicides
block.suicides = []
for s in suicides:
block.ether_delta -= block.get_balance(s)
block.set_balance(s, 0)
block.del_account(s)
block.add_transaction_to_list(tx)
block.logs = []
return success, output
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
if code in code_cache:
processed_code = code_cache[code]
else:
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
code_cache[code] = processed_code
s = time.time()
op = None
steps = 0
_prevop = None # for trace only
while 1:
# print('op: ', op, time.time() - s)
# s = time.time()
# stack size limit error
if compustate.pc not in processed_code:
return vm_exception('INVALID START POINT')
_data = processed_code[compustate.pc]
gas, min_stack, max_stack, compustate.pc = _data[:4]
ops = _data[4:]
# out of gas error
if gas > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
# insufficient stack error
if not (min_stack <= len(compustate.stack) <= max_stack):
return vm_exception('INCOMPATIBLE STACK LENGTH', min_stack=min_stack,
have=len(compustate.stack), max_stack=max_stack)
# Apply operation
compustate.gas -= gas
for op in ops:
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if _prevop in (op_MLOAD, op_MSTORE, op_MSTORE8, op_SHA3, op_CALL,
op_CALLCODE, op_CREATE, op_CALLDATACOPY, op_CODECOPY,
op_EXTCODECOPY):
if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
trace_data['memory'] = \
b''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.memory])))
if _prevop in (op_SSTORE, op_SLOAD) or steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
# trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + fee)
trace_data['inst'] = op
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
if steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['op'] = op
trace_data['steps'] = steps
# if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
# trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', **trace_data)
steps += 1
_prevop = op
# Invalid operation
if op == INVALID:
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=op)
# Valid operations
if op < 0x10:
if op == op_STOP:
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == op_ADD:
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_SUB:
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_MUL:
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_DIV:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == op_MOD:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == op_SDIV:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_SMOD:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_ADDMOD:
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == op_MULMOD:
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == op_EXP:
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == op_SIGNEXTEND:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif op < 0x20:
if op == op_LT:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_GT:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_SLT:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == op_SGT:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == op_EQ:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_ISZERO:
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == op_AND:
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == op_OR:
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == op_XOR:
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == op_NOT:
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == op_BYTE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256 ** (31 - s0)) % 256)
elif op < 0x40:
if op == op_SHA3:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * (utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0: s0 + s1]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == op_ADDRESS:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == op_BALANCE:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == op_ORIGIN:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == op_CALLER:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == op_CALLVALUE:
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == op_CALLDATALOAD:
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == op_CALLDATASIZE:
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == op_CALLDATACOPY:
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == op_CODESIZE:
stk.append(len(code))
elif op == op_CODECOPY:
start, s1, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s1 + i < len(code):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(code[s1 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op == op_GASPRICE:
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == op_EXTCODESIZE:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == op_EXTCODECOPY:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert utils.is_string(extcode)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op < 0x50:
if op == op_BLOCKHASH:
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == op_COINBASE:
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == op_TIMESTAMP:
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == op_NUMBER:
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == op_DIFFICULTY:
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == op_GASLIMIT:
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif op < 0x60:
if op == op_POP:
stk.pop()
elif op == op_MLOAD:
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = 0
for c in mem[s0: s0 + 32]:
data = (data << 8) + c
stk.append(data)
elif op == op_MSTORE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
v = s1
for i in range(31, -1, -1):
mem[s0 + i] = v % 256
v //= 256
elif op == op_MSTORE8:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == op_SLOAD:
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == op_SSTORE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
ext.add_refund(refund) # adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == op_JUMP:
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][4] if \
compustate.pc in processed_code else op_STOP
if opnew != op_JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == op_JUMPI:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][4] if \
compustate.pc in processed_code else op_STOP
if opnew != op_JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == op_PC:
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == op_MSIZE:
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == op_GAS:
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op_PUSH1 <= (op & 255) <= op_PUSH32:
# Hide push value in high-order bytes of op
stk.append(op >> 8)
elif op_DUP1 <= op <= op_DUP16:
depth = op - op_DUP1 + 1
stk.append(stk[-depth])
elif op_SWAP1 <= op <= op_SWAP16:
depth = op - op_SWAP1 + 1
temp = stk[-depth - 1]
stk[-depth - 1] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op_LOG0 <= op <= op_LOG4:
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = op - op_LOG0
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[mstart: mstart + msz]))
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG', to=msg.to, topics=topics, data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == op_CREATE:
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, compustate.gas, cd, msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
compustate.gas = gas
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas = 0
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_CALL:
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas+extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to, to, value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_CALLCODE:
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
extra_gas = (value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas+extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to, msg.to, value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_RETURN:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0: s0 + s1])
elif op == op_SUICIDE:
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
# print('suiciding %s %s %d' % (msg.to, to, xfer))
return 1, compustate.gas, []
def test_multiarg_code():
c = tester.Chain()
x = c.contract(multiarg_code, language='serpent')
o = x.kall([1, 2, 3], 4, [5, 6, 7], b"doge", 8)
assert o == [862541, safe_ord('d') + safe_ord('o') + safe_ord('g'), 4]
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
if code in code_cache:
processed_code = code_cache[code]
else:
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
code_cache[code] = processed_code
codelen = len(processed_code)
s = time.time()
op = None
steps = 0
_prevop = None # for trace only
while 1:
# print('op: ', op, time.time() - s)
# s = time.time()
# stack size limit error
if compustate.pc >= codelen:
return peaceful_exit('CODE OUT OF RANGE', compustate.gas, [])
op, in_args, out_args, fee, opcode, pushval = \
processed_code[compustate.pc]
# out of gas error
if fee > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
# empty stack error
if in_args > len(compustate.stack):
return vm_exception('INSUFFICIENT STACK',
op=op, needed=to_string(in_args),
available=to_string(len(compustate.stack)))
if len(compustate.stack) - in_args + out_args > 1024:
return vm_exception('STACK SIZE LIMIT EXCEEDED',
op=op,
pre_height=to_string(len(compustate.stack)))
# Apply operation
compustate.gas -= fee
compustate.pc += 1
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if _prevop in ('MLOAD', 'MSTORE', 'MSTORE8', 'SHA3', 'CALL',
'CALLCODE', 'CREATE', 'CALLDATACOPY', 'CODECOPY',
'EXTCODECOPY'):
if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
trace_data['memory'] = \
b''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.memory])))
if _prevop in ('SSTORE', 'SLOAD') or steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + fee)
trace_data['inst'] = opcode
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
if steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['op'] = op
trace_data['steps'] = steps
if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', **trace_data)
steps += 1
_prevop = op
# Invalid operation
if op == 'INVALID':
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=opcode)
# Valid operations
if opcode < 0x10:
if op == 'STOP':
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == 'ADD':
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'SUB':
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'MUL':
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'DIV':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == 'MOD':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == 'SDIV':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'SMOD':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'ADDMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'MULMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'EXP':
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == 'SIGNEXTEND':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif opcode < 0x20:
if op == 'LT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'GT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'SLT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == 'SGT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == 'EQ':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'ISZERO':
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == 'AND':
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == 'OR':
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == 'XOR':
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == 'NOT':
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == 'BYTE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256 ** (31 - s0)) % 256)
elif opcode < 0x40:
if op == 'SHA3':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * (utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0: s0 + s1]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == 'ADDRESS':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == 'BALANCE':
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == 'ORIGIN':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == 'CALLER':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == 'CALLVALUE':
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == 'CALLDATALOAD':
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == 'CALLDATASIZE':
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == 'CALLDATACOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == 'CODESIZE':
stk.append(len(processed_code))
elif op == 'CODECOPY':
start, s1, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s1 + i < len(processed_code):
mem[start + i] = processed_code[s1 + i][4]
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op == 'GASPRICE':
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == 'EXTCODESIZE':
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == 'EXTCODECOPY':
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert utils.is_string(extcode)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif opcode < 0x50:
if op == 'BLOCKHASH':
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == 'COINBASE':
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == 'TIMESTAMP':
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == 'NUMBER':
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == 'DIFFICULTY':
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == 'GASLIMIT':
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif opcode < 0x60:
if op == 'POP':
stk.pop()
elif op == 'MLOAD':
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0: s0 + 32]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(data))
elif op == 'MSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
v = s1
for i in range(31, -1, -1):
mem[s0 + i] = v % 256
v //= 256
elif op == 'MSTORE8':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == 'SLOAD':
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == 'SSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
ext.add_refund(refund) # adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == 'JUMP':
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][0] if \
compustate.pc < len(processed_code) else 'STOP'
if opnew != 'JUMPDEST':
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'JUMPI':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][0] if \
compustate.pc < len(processed_code) else 'STOP'
if opnew != 'JUMPDEST':
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'PC':
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == 'MSIZE':
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == 'GAS':
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op[:4] == 'PUSH':
pushnum = int(op[4:])
compustate.pc += pushnum
stk.append(pushval)
elif op[:3] == 'DUP':
depth = int(op[3:])
stk.append(stk[-depth])
elif op[:4] == 'SWAP':
depth = int(op[4:])
temp = stk[-depth - 1]
stk[-depth - 1] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op[:3] == 'LOG':
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = int(op[3:])
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[mstart: mstart + msz]))
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG', to=msg.to, topics=topics, data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == 'CREATE':
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, compustate.gas, cd, msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
compustate.gas = gas
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas = 0
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'CALL':
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas+extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to, to, value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'CALLCODE' or op == 'DELEGATECALL':
if op == 'CALLCODE':
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
else:
gas, to, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
value = 0
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
extra_gas = (value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas+extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
if ext.post_homestead_hardfork() and op == 'DELEGATECALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.sender, msg.to, msg.value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to, transfers_value=False)
elif op == 'DELEGATECALL':
return vm_exception('OPCODE INACTIVE')
else:
call_msg = Message(msg.to, msg.to, value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'RETURN':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0: s0 + s1])
elif op == 'SUICIDE':
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
# print('suiciding %s %s %d' % (msg.to, to, xfer))
return 1, compustate.gas, []