def ckt24_plot():
    l1 = line_name_lists()[0]
    l2 = line_name_lists()[1]
    l3 = line_name_lists()[2]

    for i in range(len(l1)):
        if len(l1[i]) == 7:
            plotline([float(l1[i][3]), float(l1[i][4])],
                     [float(l1[i][5]), float(l1[i][6])], "red")
    for i in range(len(l2)):
        if len(l2[i]) == 7:
            plotline([float(l2[i][3]), float(l2[i][4])],
                     [float(l2[i][5]), float(l2[i][6])], "green")
    for i in range(len(l3)):
        if len(l3[i]) == 7:
            plotline([float(l3[i][3]), float(l3[i][4])],
                     [float(l3[i][5]), float(l3[i][6])], "blue")
    pylab.axis("off")
예제 #2
0
def main():

    # Get directory of .py file
    dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

    # Buses list
    bus1p_list = bus_name_lists()[0]
    bus2p_list = bus_name_lists()[1]
    bus3p_list = bus_name_lists()[2]

    # Lines list
    l1 = line_name_lists()[0]
    l2 = line_name_lists()[1]
    l3 = line_name_lists()[2]

    # Start the DSS
    dssObj = win32com.client.Dispatch("OpenDSSEngine.DSS")
    if dssObj.Start(0) == False:
        sys.exit("DSS failed to start")
    else:
        #Assign a variable to each of the interfaces for easier access
        dssText = dssObj.Text
        dssCircuit = dssObj.ActiveCircuit
        dssSolution = dssCircuit.Solution

    # Clear the DSS
    dssObj.ClearAll()

    # Load circuit
    dssText.Command = "Compile " + dir + "\\ckt24\\ckt24.dss"

    # Initialize fault elements
    dssText.Command = "New Fault.fault"

    # Fault resistances
    # fault_resistances = ["05","10","15","20","25","30","35","40","45","50"]
    fault_resistances = ["05", "30"]

    # Print fault in in a bus that has 1p
    bus1p = bus1p_list[100]
    bus1p[3] = "." + str(bus1p[3])
    for r in fault_resistances:
        fault_LG(bus1p[0], bus1p[3], bus1p[3], r, [bus1p[1], bus1p[2]], l1, l2,
                 l3, dssObj)
예제 #3
0
def main():

    # Get directory of .py file
    dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

    # Buses list
    bus1p_list = bus_name_lists()[0]
    bus2p_list = bus_name_lists()[1]
    bus3p_list = bus_name_lists()[2]

    # Lines list
    l1 = line_name_lists()[0]
    l2 = line_name_lists()[1]
    l3 = line_name_lists()[2]

    # Start the DSS
    dssObj = win32com.client.Dispatch("OpenDSSEngine.DSS")
    if dssObj.Start(0) == False:
        sys.exit("DSS failed to start")
    else:
        #Assign a variable to each of the interfaces for easier access
        dssText = dssObj.Text
        dssCircuit = dssObj.ActiveCircuit
        dssSolution = dssCircuit.Solution

    # Clear the DSS
    dssObj.ClearAll()

    # Load circuit
    dssText.Command = "Compile " + dir + "\\ckt24\\ckt24.dss"

    # Define Fault after vbases, otherwise it bugs pu Voltages in this case
    # Initialize fault elements
    # dssText.Command = "New Fault.fault"

    # Fault resistances
    r = "10"

    # Print fault in a bus that has 3p
    bus3p = bus3p_list[200]
    fault_LLLG(bus3p[0], r, [bus3p[1], bus3p[2]], l1, l2, l3, dssObj)
def ckt24_plot():
    def plotline(p1, p2, color_):
        x = [p1[0], p2[0]]
        y = [p1[1], p2[1]]
        pylab.plot(x, y, color=color_, linewidth=2)

    l1 = functions.line_name_lists()[0]
    l2 = functions.line_name_lists()[1]
    l3 = functions.line_name_lists()[2]

    for i in range(len(l1)):
        if len(l1[i]) == 7:
            plotline([float(l1[i][3]), float(l1[i][4])],
                     [float(l1[i][5]), float(l1[i][6])], "red")
    for i in range(len(l2)):
        if len(l2[i]) == 7:
            plotline([float(l2[i][3]), float(l2[i][4])],
                     [float(l2[i][5]), float(l2[i][6])], "green")
    for i in range(len(l3)):
        if len(l3[i]) == 7:
            plotline([float(l3[i][3]), float(l3[i][4])],
                     [float(l3[i][5]), float(l3[i][6])], "blue")
    pylab.axis("off")
예제 #5
0
def lines_criteria():

    # Get directory of .py file
    dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

    flag_noPV = 0
    flag_PV = 1

    # Make lists with line names

    # Line_1p_list
    line1p_list = line_name_lists()[0]
    for i in range(len(line1p_list)):
        if i == 0:
            line1p_listn = [line1p_list[0][0]]
        else:
            line1p_listn.append(line1p_list[i][0])

    # Line_2p_list
    line2p_list = line_name_lists()[1]
    for i in range(len(line2p_list)):
        if i == 0:
            line2p_listn = [line2p_list[0][0]]
        else:
            line2p_listn.append(line2p_list[i][0])

    # Line_3p_list
    line3p_list = line_name_lists()[2]
    for i in range(len(line3p_list)):
        if i == 0:
            line3p_listn = [line3p_list[0][0]]
        else:
            line3p_listn.append(line3p_list[i][0])

    # Hours of interest when solving the circuit

    # hours = [list(range(24))
    # for i in range(len(hours)):
    #     hours[i] = str(hours[i])]
    hours = ["9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17"]

    PV_powers_Climit = []  # Line currents criteria

    print("Running circuit comparisons for currents - lines criteria\n")
    t_start = time.time()

    # hours = [list(range(24))
    # for i in range(len(hours)):
    #     hours[i] = str(hours[i])]

    # Start the DSS
    dssObj = win32com.client.Dispatch("OpenDSSEngine.DSS")
    if dssObj.Start(0) == False:
        sys.exit("DSS failed to start")
    else:
        #Assign a variable to each of the interfaces
        dssText = dssObj.Text
        dssCircuit = dssObj.ActiveCircuit
        dssSolution = dssCircuit.Solution

    # Clear the DSS
    dssObj.ClearAll()

    # Load circuit
    dssText.Command = "Compile " + dir + "\\ckt24\\ckt24.dss"

    # Solve circuit in different loadshapes, season based
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseA" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseA_SummerDay.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseB" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseB_SummerDay.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseC" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseC_SummerDay.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_ThreePhase" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_ThreePhase_SummerDay.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.Other_Bus_Load" \
    +" mult=(file=Other_Bus_Load_SummerDay.txt)"

    # Set and calculate voltage bases
    dssText.Command = "Redirect " + dir + "\\ckt24\\ckt24_vbases.dss"
    # Solve circuit
    dssText.Command = "Solve mode=daily number=1 hour=15"

    currents_list1p_noPV = []
    currents_list2p_noPV = []
    currents_list3p_noPV = []

    for line1p in line1p_listn:
        dssCircuit.SetActiveElement("Line." + line1p)
        currents_list1p_noPV.append(dssCircuit.ActiveElement.NormalAmps)

    for line2p in line2p_listn:
        dssCircuit.SetActiveElement("Line." + line2p)
        currents_list2p_noPV.append(dssCircuit.ActiveElement.NormalAmps)

    for line3p in line3p_listn:
        dssCircuit.SetActiveElement("Line." + line3p)
        currents_list3p_noPV.append(dssCircuit.ActiveElement.NormalAmps)

    hours = ["9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17"]

    PV_powers_Climit = []

    for season in ["Spring", "Summer", "Autumn", "Winter"]:

        for hour in hours:

            PV_power = 500
            power_iteration = "run again"
            while power_iteration == "run again":

                # Clear the DSS
                dssObj.ClearAll()

                # Load circuit
                dssText.Command = "Compile " + dir + "\\ckt24\\ckt24.dss"

                # Set and calculate voltage bases
                dssText.Command = "Redirect " + dir + "\\ckt24\\ckt24_vbases.dss"

                # Solve circuit in different loadshapes, season based
                dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseA" \
                +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseA_"+season+"Day.txt)"
                dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseB" \
                +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseB_"+season+"Day.txt)"
                dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseC" \
                +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseC_"+season+"Day.txt)"
                dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_ThreePhase" \
                +" mult=(file=LS_ThreePhase_"+season+"Day.txt)"
                dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.Other_Bus_Load" \
                +" mult=(file=Other_Bus_Load_"+season+"Day.txt)"

                # Change PVSystem parameters to get max power
                dssText.Command = \
                "Redirect "+dir+"\\ckt24\\5PV_new.dss"
                dssText.Command = "Redirect " + dir + "\\ckt24\\5PV_" + season + ".dss"
                dssText.Command = "Edit PVSystem.PV1 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)+" pmpp="+str(PV_power)
                dssText.Command = "Edit PVSystem.PV2 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)+" pmpp="+str(PV_power)
                dssText.Command = "Edit PVSystem.PV3 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)+" pmpp="+str(PV_power)
                dssText.Command = "Edit PVSystem.PV4 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)+" pmpp="+str(PV_power)
                dssText.Command = "Edit PVSystem.PV5 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)+" pmpp="+str(PV_power)
                dssText.Command = "Edit Transformer.pv_up1 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)
                dssText.Command = "Edit Transformer.pv_up2 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)
                dssText.Command = "Edit Transformer.pv_up3 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)
                dssText.Command = "Edit Transformer.pv_up4 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)
                dssText.Command = "Edit Transformer.pv_up5 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)

                # Set and calculate voltage bases
                dssText.Command = "Redirect " + dir + "\\ckt24\\ckt24_vbases.dss"
                # Solve circuit
                dssText.Command = "Solve mode=daily number=1 hour=" + hour

                # Results list

                currents_list1p_PV = []
                currents_list2p_PV = []
                currents_list3p_PV = []

                for lines1p in line1p_listn:
                    currents_list1p_PV.append(C("Line." + lines1p, dssCircuit))

                for lines2p in line2p_listn:
                    currents_list2p_PV.append(C("Line." + lines2p, dssCircuit))

                for lines3p in line3p_listn:
                    currents_list3p_PV.append(C("Line." + lines3p, dssCircuit))

                C_flag = 0
                safe_factor = 0.8

                for i in range(len(currents_list1p_noPV)):
                    if abs(currents_list1p_PV[i][0]) > \
                    safe_factor*abs(currents_list1p_noPV[i]):
                        C_flag = 1
                for i in range(len(currents_list2p_noPV)):
                    if abs(currents_list2p_PV[i][0]) > \
                    safe_factor*abs(currents_list2p_noPV[i]):
                        C_flag = 1
                    if abs(currents_list2p_PV[i][2]) > \
                    safe_factor*abs(currents_list2p_noPV[i]):
                        C_flag = 1
                for i in range(len(currents_list3p_noPV)):
                    if abs(currents_list3p_PV[i][0]) > \
                    safe_factor*abs(currents_list3p_noPV[i]):
                        C_flag = 1
                    if abs(currents_list3p_PV[i][2]) > \
                    safe_factor*abs(currents_list3p_noPV[i]):
                        C_flag = 1
                    if abs(currents_list3p_PV[i][4]) > \
                    safe_factor*abs(currents_list3p_noPV[i]):
                        C_flag = 1

                if C_flag == 1:
                    PV_powers_Climit.append([season, hour, PV_power - 500])
                    power_iteration = "stop running"

                if PV_power == 9000:
                    PV_powers_Climit.append([season, hour, "max_iter_9000"])
                    power_iteration = "stop running"

                PV_power = PV_power + 500

            print("Running simulation of season %s, hour %s..." %
                  (season, hour))
    print()
    print("List with season, hour and maximum power for PVSystem:")
    print(PV_powers_Climit)
    print()
    PV_powers_Climit = [int(e[-1]) for e in PV_powers_Climit]
    print("Minimum value: %d kW" % min(PV_powers_Climit))
    print()

    t_end = time.time()
    print("Total simulation time (current comparisons - "
          "lines criteria): %f" % (t_end - t_start))
def main():

    # Get directory of .py file
    dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

    # Lines list
    l1 = line_name_lists()[0]
    l2 = line_name_lists()[1]
    l3 = line_name_lists()[2]

    # Start the DSS
    dssObj = win32com.client.Dispatch("OpenDSSEngine.DSS")
    if dssObj.Start(0) == False:
        sys.exit("DSS failed to start")
    else:
        #Assign a variable to each of the interfaces for easier access
        dssText = dssObj.Text
        dssCircuit = dssObj.ActiveCircuit
        dssSolution = dssCircuit.Solution

    # Clear the DSS
    dssObj.ClearAll()

    # Load circuit
    dssText.Command = "Compile " + dir + "\\ckt24\\ckt24.dss"

    season = "Spring"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseA" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseA_"+season+"Day.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseB" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseB_"+season+"Day.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseC" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseC_"+season+"Day.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_ThreePhase" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_ThreePhase_"+season+"Day.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.Other_Bus_Load" \
    +" mult=(file=Other_Bus_Load_"+season+"Day.txt)"

    hour = 3

    # Set and calculate voltage bases
    dssText.Command = "Redirect " + dir + "\\ckt24\\ckt24_vbases.dss"

    # Solve circuit
    dssText.Command = "Solve mode=daily number=1 hour=" + str(hour)

    # Circuit plot
    norm = [1, 1.05]

    ckt24_colorV.ckt24_plot(l1, l2, l3, 1, norm, dssCircuit)
    plt.ylim(3707500, 3727500)
    plt.xlim(11730000, 11747500)
    plt.axis("off")
    plt.title("Phase A, Spring 3h")
    plt.show()

    ckt24_colorV.ckt24_plot(l1, l2, l3, 2, norm, dssCircuit)
    plt.ylim(3707500, 3727500)
    plt.xlim(11730000, 11747500)
    plt.axis("off")
    plt.title("Phase B, Spring 3h")
    plt.show()

    ckt24_colorV.ckt24_plot(l1, l2, l3, 3, norm, dssCircuit)
    plt.ylim(3707500, 3727500)
    plt.xlim(11730000, 11747500)
    plt.axis("off")
    plt.title("Phase C, Spring 3h")
    plt.show()

    season = "Summer"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseA" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseA_"+season+"Day.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseB" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseB_"+season+"Day.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseC" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseC_"+season+"Day.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_ThreePhase" \
    +" mult=(file=LS_ThreePhase_"+season+"Day.txt)"
    dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.Other_Bus_Load" \
    +" mult=(file=Other_Bus_Load_"+season+"Day.txt)"

    hour = 15

    # Set and calculate voltage bases
    dssText.Command = "Redirect " + dir + "\\ckt24\\ckt24_vbases.dss"

    dssText.Command = "Solve mode=daily number=1 hour=" + str(hour)

    # Results list
    ckt24_colorV.ckt24_plot(l1, l2, l3, 1, norm, dssCircuit)
    plt.ylim(3707500, 3727500)
    plt.xlim(11730000, 11747500)
    plt.axis("off")
    plt.title("Phase A, Summer 15h")
    plt.show()

    ckt24_colorV.ckt24_plot(l1, l2, l3, 2, norm, dssCircuit)
    plt.ylim(3707500, 3727500)
    plt.xlim(11730000, 11747500)
    plt.axis("off")
    plt.title("Phase B, Summer 15h")
    plt.show()

    ckt24_colorV.ckt24_plot(l1, l2, l3, 3, norm, dssCircuit)
    plt.ylim(3707500, 3727500)
    plt.xlim(11730000, 11747500)
    plt.axis("off")
    plt.title("Phase C, Summer 15h")
    plt.show()
def transformers_criteria():

    # Get directory of .py file
    dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

    flag_noPV = 0
    flag_PV = 1

    # Make lists with bus names and line names

    # Bus_1p_list
    bus1p_list = bus_name_lists()[0]
    for i in range(len(bus1p_list)):
        if i == 0:
            bus1p_listn = [bus1p_list[0][0]]
        else:
            bus1p_listn.append(bus1p_list[i][0])

    # Bus_2p_list
    bus2p_list = bus_name_lists()[1]
    for i in range(len(bus2p_list)):
        if i == 0:
            bus2p_listn = [bus2p_list[0][0]]
        else:
            bus2p_listn.append(bus2p_list[i][0])

    # Bus_3p_list
    bus3p_list = bus_name_lists()[2]
    for i in range(len(bus3p_list)):
        if i == 0:
            bus3p_listn = [bus3p_list[0][0]]
        else:
            bus3p_listn.append(bus3p_list[i][0])

    # Line_1p_list
    line1p_list = line_name_lists()[0]
    for i in range(len(line1p_list)):
        if i == 0:
            line1p_listn = [line1p_list[0][0]]
        else:
            line1p_listn.append(line1p_list[i][0])

    # Line_2p_list
    line2p_list = line_name_lists()[1]
    for i in range(len(line2p_list)):
        if i == 0:
            line2p_listn = [line2p_list[0][0]]
        else:
            line2p_listn.append(line2p_list[i][0])

    # Line_3p_list
    line3p_list = line_name_lists()[2]
    for i in range(len(line3p_list)):
        if i == 0:
            line3p_listn = [line3p_list[0][0]]
        else:
            line3p_listn.append(line3p_list[i][0])

    # Hours of interest when solving the circuit
    hours = ["9","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17"]

    PV_powers_Plimit = [] # Transformers kva criteria

    print("Running circuit comparisons for powers - transformers criteria\n")
    t_start = time.time()

    # Start the DSS
    dssObj = win32com.client.Dispatch("OpenDSSEngine.DSS")
    if dssObj.Start(0) == False:
        sys.exit("DSS failed to start")
    else:
        #Assign a variable to each of the interfaces
        dssText = dssObj.Text
        dssCircuit = dssObj.ActiveCircuit
        dssSolution = dssCircuit.Solution

    # Clear the DSS
    dssObj.ClearAll()

    # Load circuit
    dssText.Command = "Compile "+dir+"\\ckt24\\ckt24.dss"

    # Transformers nominal kva list
    transformer_kva_nominal = []
    all_elements = dssCircuit.AllElementNames
    transformer_list = [s for s in all_elements if "Transformer" in s]

    # Remove transformers that work over nominal kva in circuit without PV
    # from transformer_list and put them into another list
    transformer_list.remove("Transformer.05410_g2100dl9800")
    transformer_list.remove("Transformer.05410_g2100en2200")
    transformer_list.remove("Transformer.05410_g2100gi2700")
    transformer_list.remove("Transformer.05410_g2100nj7400")
    transformer_list.remove("Transformer.05410_g2101bc7200")
    transformer_list.remove("Transformer.05410_g2102cc0600")



    transformer_list_exceptions = []
    transformer_list_exceptions.append("Transformer.05410_g2100dl9800")
    transformer_list_exceptions.append("Transformer.05410_g2100en2200")
    transformer_list_exceptions.append("Transformer.05410_g2100gi2700")
    transformer_list_exceptions.append("Transformer.05410_g2100nj7400")
    transformer_list_exceptions.append("Transformer.05410_g2101bc7200")
    transformer_list_exceptions.append("Transformer.05410_g2102cc0600")



    for i in range(len(transformer_list)):
        dssCircuit.SetActiveElement(transformer_list[i])
        dssCircuit.Transformers.Name = \
        transformer_list[i].replace("Transformer.","")
        transformer_kva_nominal.append(dssCircuit.Transformers.kva)


    hours = ["9","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17"]

    for season in ["Spring","Summer","Autumn","Winter"]:

        for hour in hours:

            PV_power = 500
            power_iteration = "run again"
            while power_iteration == "run again":

                # Clear the DSS
                dssObj.ClearAll()

                # Load circuit
                dssText.Command = "Compile "+dir+"\\ckt24\\ckt24.dss"

                # Set and calculate voltage bases
                # dssText.Command = "Redirect "+flag_PV+"ckt24_vbases.dss"

                # Solve circuit in different loadshapes, season based
                dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseA" \
                +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseA_"+season+"Day.txt)"
                dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseB" \
                +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseB_"+season+"Day.txt)"
                dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_PhaseC" \
                +" mult=(file=LS_PhaseC_"+season+"Day.txt)"
                dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.LS_ThreePhase" \
                +" mult=(file=LS_ThreePhase_"+season+"Day.txt)"
                dssText.Command = "Edit Loadshape.Other_Bus_Load" \
                +" mult=(file=Other_Bus_Load_"+season+"Day.txt)"

                # Change PVSystem parameters to get max power
                dssText.Command = \
                "Redirect "+dir+"\\ckt24\\1PV_new.dss"
                dssText.Command = "Redirect "+dir+"1PV_"+season+".dss"
                dssText.Command = "Edit PVSystem.PV1 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)+" pmpp="+str(PV_power)

                dssText.Command = "Edit Transformer.pv_up1 kVA=" \
                +str(PV_power)

                # Set and calculate voltage bases
                dssText.Command = "Redirect "+dir+"\\ckt24\\ckt24_vbases.dss"
                # Solve circuit
                dssText.Command = "Solve mode=daily number=1 hour="+hour

                # Results list
                transformer_kva_PV = []

                for transformer in transformer_list:
                    transformer_kva_PV.append(P(transformer, dssCircuit))

                safe_factor = 1
                P_flag = 0
                for i in range(len(transformer_list)):
                    if len(transformer_kva_PV[i]) == 8:
                        if  (abs(transformer_kva_PV[i][0]))> \
                        safe_factor*abs(transformer_kva_nominal[i]):
                            P_flag = 1

                    elif len(transformer_kva_PV[i]) == 16:
                        if  (abs(transformer_kva_PV[i][0])+ \
                        abs(transformer_kva_PV[i][2])+ \
                        abs(transformer_kva_PV[i][4]))> \
                        safe_factor*abs(transformer_kva_nominal[i]):
                            P_flag = 1


                if P_flag==1:
                    PV_powers_Plimit.append([season,hour,PV_power-500])
                    power_iteration = "stop running"

                if PV_power == 22500:
                    PV_powers_Plimit.append([season,hour,"max_iter_22500"])
                    power_iteration = "stop running"

                PV_power = PV_power+500

            print("Running simulation of season %s, hour %s..." % (season,hour))
    print()
    print("List with season, hour and maximum power for PVSystem:")
    print(PV_powers_Plimit)
    print()
    PV_powers_Plimit = [int(e[-1]) for e in PV_powers_Plimit]
    print("Minimum value: %d kW" % min(PV_powers_Plimit))
    print()


    t_end = time.time()
    print("Total simulation time (power comparisons - "
    "transformers criteria): %f" % (t_end - t_start))