def test_synchrotron(self):
import naima
particle_distribution = naima.models.LogParabola(
amplitude=2e33 / u.eV, e_0=10 * u.TeV, alpha=1.3, beta=0.5
)
radiative_model = naima.radiative.Synchrotron(particle_distribution, B=2 * u.G)
model = NaimaSpectralModel(radiative_model)
for p in model.parameters:
assert p._type == "spectral"
val_at_2TeV = 1.0565840392550432e-24 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1 TeV-1")
integral_1_10TeV = 4.449186e-13 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1")
eflux_1_10TeV = 4.594121e-13 * u.Unit("TeV cm-2 s-1")
value = model(self.energy)
assert_quantity_allclose(value, val_at_2TeV)
assert_quantity_allclose(
model.integral(energy_min=self.energy_min, energy_max=self.energy_max),
integral_1_10TeV,
rtol=1e-5,
)
assert_quantity_allclose(
model.energy_flux(energy_min=self.energy_min, energy_max=self.energy_max),
eflux_1_10TeV,
rtol=1e-5,
)
val = model(self.e_array)
assert val.shape == self.e_array.shape
model.B.value = 3 # update B
val_at_2TeV = 5.1985064062296e-16 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1 TeV-1")
value = model(self.energy)
assert_quantity_allclose(value, val_at_2TeV)
def test_ic(self):
import naima
particle_distribution = naima.models.ExponentialCutoffBrokenPowerLaw(
amplitude=2e33 / u.eV,
e_0=10 * u.TeV,
alpha_1=2.5,
alpha_2=2.7,
e_break=900 * u.GeV,
e_cutoff=10 * u.TeV,
)
radiative_model = naima.radiative.InverseCompton(
particle_distribution, seed_photon_fields=["CMB"]
)
model = NaimaSpectralModel(radiative_model)
val_at_2TeV = 4.347836316893546e-12 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1 TeV-1")
integral_1_10TeV = 1.595813e-11 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1")
eflux_1_10TeV = 2.851283e-11 * u.Unit("TeV cm-2 s-1")
value = model(self.energy)
assert_quantity_allclose(value, val_at_2TeV)
assert_quantity_allclose(
model.integral(emin=self.emin, emax=self.emax), integral_1_10TeV, rtol=1e-5
)
assert_quantity_allclose(
model.energy_flux(emin=self.emin, emax=self.emax), eflux_1_10TeV, rtol=1e-5
)
val = model(self.e_array)
assert val.shape == self.e_array.shape
def test_pion_decay(self):
import naima
particle_distribution = naima.models.PowerLaw(
amplitude=2e33 / u.eV, e_0=10 * u.TeV, alpha=2.5
)
radiative_model = naima.radiative.PionDecay(
particle_distribution, nh=1 * u.cm ** -3
)
model = NaimaSpectralModel(radiative_model)
for p in model.parameters:
assert p._type == "spectral"
val_at_2TeV = 9.725347355450884e-14 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1 TeV-1")
integral_1_10TeV = 3.530537143620737e-13 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1")
eflux_1_10TeV = 7.643559573105779e-13 * u.Unit("TeV cm-2 s-1")
value = model(self.energy)
assert_quantity_allclose(value, val_at_2TeV)
assert_quantity_allclose(
model.integral(energy_min=self.energy_min, energy_max=self.energy_max),
integral_1_10TeV,
)
assert_quantity_allclose(
model.energy_flux(energy_min=self.energy_min, energy_max=self.energy_max),
eflux_1_10TeV,
)
val = model(self.e_array)
assert val.shape == self.e_array.shape
model.amplitude.error = 0.1 * model.amplitude.value
out = model.evaluate_error(1 * u.TeV)
assert_allclose(out.data, [5.266068e-13, 5.266068e-14], rtol=1e-3)
def test_pion_decay(self):
import naima
particle_distribution = naima.models.PowerLaw(amplitude=2e33 / u.eV,
e_0=10 * u.TeV,
alpha=2.5)
radiative_model = naima.radiative.PionDecay(particle_distribution,
nh=1 * u.cm**-3)
model = NaimaSpectralModel(radiative_model)
val_at_2TeV = 9.725347355450884e-14 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1 TeV-1")
integral_1_10TeV = 3.530537143620737e-13 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1")
eflux_1_10TeV = 7.643559573105779e-13 * u.Unit("TeV cm-2 s-1")
value = model(self.energy)
assert_quantity_allclose(value, val_at_2TeV)
assert_quantity_allclose(
model.integral(emin=self.emin, emax=self.emax), integral_1_10TeV)
assert_quantity_allclose(
model.energy_flux(emin=self.emin, emax=self.emax), eflux_1_10TeV)
val = model(self.e_array)
assert val.shape == self.e_array.shape
def test_synchrotron(self):
import naima
particle_distribution = naima.models.LogParabola(amplitude=2e33 / u.eV,
e_0=10 * u.TeV,
alpha=1.3,
beta=0.5)
radiative_model = naima.radiative.Synchrotron(particle_distribution,
B=2 * u.G)
model = NaimaSpectralModel(radiative_model)
val_at_2TeV = 1.0565840392550432e-24 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1 TeV-1")
integral_1_10TeV = 4.4491861907713736e-13 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1")
eflux_1_10TeV = 4.594120986691428e-13 * u.Unit("TeV cm-2 s-1")
value = model(self.energy)
assert_quantity_allclose(value, val_at_2TeV)
assert_quantity_allclose(
model.integral(emin=self.emin, emax=self.emax), integral_1_10TeV)
assert_quantity_allclose(
model.energy_flux(emin=self.emin, emax=self.emax), eflux_1_10TeV)
val = model(self.e_array)
assert val.shape == self.e_array.shape
def test_bad_init(self):
import naima
particle_distribution = naima.models.PowerLaw(amplitude=2e33 / u.eV,
e_0=10 * u.TeV,
alpha=2.5)
radiative_model = naima.radiative.PionDecay(particle_distribution,
nh=1 * u.cm**-3)
model = NaimaSpectralModel(radiative_model)
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
NaimaSpectralModel.from_dict(model.to_dict())
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
NaimaSpectralModel.from_parameters(model.parameters)
def test_flux_estimator_naima_model():
import naima
ECPL = naima.models.ExponentialCutoffPowerLaw(1e36 * u.Unit("1/eV"),
1 * u.TeV, 2.1, 13 * u.TeV)
IC = naima.models.InverseCompton(ECPL, seed_photon_fields=["CMB"])
naima_model = NaimaSpectralModel(IC)
model = SkyModel(spectral_model=naima_model, name="test")
estimator = FluxEstimator(source="test",
selection_optional=[],
reoptimize=True)
scale_model = estimator.get_scale_model(Models([model]))
assert_allclose(scale_model.norm.min, np.nan)
assert_allclose(scale_model.norm.max, np.nan)
def test_ssc(self):
import naima
ECBPL = naima.models.ExponentialCutoffBrokenPowerLaw(
amplitude=3.699e36 / u.eV,
e_0=1 * u.TeV,
e_break=0.265 * u.TeV,
alpha_1=1.5,
alpha_2=3.233,
e_cutoff=1863 * u.TeV,
beta=2.0,
)
radiative_model = naima.radiative.InverseCompton(
ECBPL,
seed_photon_fields=[
"CMB",
["FIR", 70 * u.K, 0.5 * u.eV / u.cm**3],
["NIR", 5000 * u.K, 1 * u.eV / u.cm**3],
],
Eemax=50 * u.PeV,
Eemin=0.1 * u.GeV,
)
B = 125 * u.uG
radius = 2.1 * u.pc
nested_models = {"SSC": {"B": B, "radius": radius}}
model = NaimaSpectralModel(radiative_model,
nested_models=nested_models)
assert_quantity_allclose(model.B.quantity, B)
assert_quantity_allclose(model.radius.quantity, radius)
val_at_2TeV = 1.6703761561806372e-11 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1 TeV-1")
value = model(self.energy)
assert_quantity_allclose(value, val_at_2TeV, rtol=1e-5)
model.parameters["B"].value = 100
val_at_2TeV = 1.441331153167876e-11 * u.Unit("cm-2 s-1 TeV-1")
value = model(self.energy)
assert_quantity_allclose(value, val_at_2TeV, rtol=1e-5)
import naima
from gammapy.modeling.models import NaimaSpectralModel
import astropy.units as u
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
particle_distribution = naima.models.ExponentialCutoffPowerLaw(1e30 / u.eV, 10 * u.TeV, 3.0, 30 * u.TeV)
radiative_model = naima.radiative.InverseCompton(
particle_distribution,
seed_photon_fields=[
"CMB",
["FIR", 26.5 * u.K, 0.415 * u.eV / u.cm ** 3],
],
Eemin=100 * u.GeV,
)
model = NaimaSpectralModel(radiative_model, distance=1.5 * u.kpc)
opts = {
"energy_range" : [10 * u.GeV, 80 * u.TeV],
"energy_power" : 2,
"flux_unit" : "erg-1 cm-2 s-1",
}
# Plot the total inverse Compton emission
model.plot(label='IC (total)', **opts)
# Plot the separate contributions from each seed photon field
for seed, ls in zip(['CMB','FIR'], ['-','--']):
model = NaimaSpectralModel(radiative_model, seed=seed, distance=1.5 * u.kpc)
model.plot(label="IC ({})".format(seed), ls=ls, color="gray", **opts)
# electron distribution with an `InverseCompton` radiative model, in the presence of multiple seed photon fields.
from astropy import units as u
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import naima
from gammapy.modeling.models import Models, NaimaSpectralModel, SkyModel
particle_distribution = naima.models.ExponentialCutoffPowerLaw(
1e30 / u.eV, 10 * u.TeV, 3.0, 30 * u.TeV)
radiative_model = naima.radiative.InverseCompton(
particle_distribution,
seed_photon_fields=["CMB", ["FIR", 26.5 * u.K, 0.415 * u.eV / u.cm**3]],
Eemin=100 * u.GeV,
)
model = NaimaSpectralModel(radiative_model, distance=1.5 * u.kpc)
opts = {
"energy_range": [10 * u.GeV, 80 * u.TeV],
"energy_power": 2,
"flux_unit": "erg-1 cm-2 s-1",
}
# Plot the total inverse Compton emission
model.plot(label="IC (total)", **opts)
# Plot the separate contributions from each seed photon field
for seed, ls in zip(["CMB", "FIR"], ["-", "--"]):
model = NaimaSpectralModel(radiative_model,
seed=seed,
distance=1.5 * u.kpc)
