class Ninedraft:
"""High-level app class for Ninedraft, a 2d sandbox game"""
def __init__(self, master):
"""Constructor
Parameters:
master (tk.Tk): tkinter root widget
"""
self._master = master
self._world = World((GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT), BLOCK_SIZE)
load_simple_world(self._world)
self._player = Player()
self._world.add_player(self._player, 250, 150)
self._world.add_collision_handler(
"player", "item", on_begin=self._handle_player_collide_item)
self._hot_bar = SelectableGrid(rows=1, columns=10)
self._hot_bar.select((0, 0))
starting_hotbar = [
Stack(create_item("dirt"), 20),
Stack(create_item("food"), 4),
Stack(create_item("pickaxe", "stone"), 1)
]
for i, item in enumerate(starting_hotbar):
self._hot_bar[0, i] = item
self._hands = create_item('hands')
starting_inventory = [
((1, 5), Stack(create_item('dirt'), 10)),
((0, 2), Stack(create_item('wood'), 10)),
]
self._inventory = Grid(rows=3, columns=10)
for position, stack in starting_inventory:
self._inventory[position] = stack
self._crafting_window = None
self._master.bind("e", lambda e: self.run_effect(
('crafting', 'basic')))
self._view = GameView(master, self._world.get_pixel_size(),
NewWorldViewRouter(BLOCK_COLOURS, ITEM_COLOURS))
self._view.pack()
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Bind mouse events here
self._master.bind('<Motion>', self._mouse_move)
self._master.bind('<Button-1>', self._left_click)
self._master.bind('<Button-3>', self._right_click)
# Task 1.3: Create instance of StatusView here
self._stats_bar = StatusView(self._player.get_health(),
self._player.get_food())
self._hot_bar_view = ItemGridView(master, self._hot_bar.get_size())
self._hot_bar_view.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind to space bar for jumping here
self._master.bind("<space>", self._jump)
self._master.bind("a", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Left>", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("d", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Right>", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("s", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
self._master.bind("<Down>", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind numbers to hotbar activation here
for key in range(10):
print("Bound", key, "to", key)
self._master.bind(str(key),
lambda e, key=key: self._activate_item(key - 1))
self._master.bind("0", lambda e, key=key: self._activate_item(9))
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Add file menu here
game_menu = tk.Menu(root)
file_menu = tk.Menu(game_menu)
file_menu.add_command(label="New Game", command=self._restart)
file_menu.add_command(label="Exit", command=self._exit)
game_menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file_menu)
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self._exit)
root.config(menu=game_menu)
self._target_in_range = False
self._target_position = 0, 0
self.redraw()
self._crafting_open = False
self.step()
def _exit(self):
"""Checks if the user really wants to exit, and shuts down the game if true"""
if tk.messagebox.askquestion(
title="Exit game",
message="Are you sure you want to exit Ninedraft?") == "yes":
print("Shutting down...")
root.destroy()
def _restart(self):
"""Restarts the game"""
print("Restarting")
for thing in self._world.get_all_things():
self._world.remove_thing(thing)
load_simple_world(self._world)
self._player = Player()
self._world.add_player(self._player, 250, 150)
for position, item in self._hot_bar.items():
self._hot_bar.pop(position)
starting_hotbar = [
Stack(create_item("dirt"), 20),
Stack(create_item("food"), 4)
]
for i, item in enumerate(starting_hotbar):
self._hot_bar[0, i] = item
starting_inventory = [
((1, 5), Stack(create_item('dirt'), 10)),
((0, 2), Stack(create_item('wood'), 10)),
]
self._inventory = Grid(rows=3, columns=10)
for position, stack in starting_inventory:
self._inventory[position] = stack
def redraw(self):
"""Redraws the game and UI every 'tick' (step) of the game"""
self._view.delete(tk.ALL)
# physical things
self._view.draw_physical(self._world.get_all_things())
# target
target_x, target_y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_block(target_x, target_y)
cursor_position = self._world.grid_to_xy_centre(
*self._world.xy_to_grid(target_x, target_y))
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Show/hide target here
self.check_target()
if self._target_in_range:
self._view.show_target(self._player.get_position(),
cursor_position)
# Task 1.3 StatusView: Update StatusView values here
self._stats_bar.set_health(self._player.get_health())
self._stats_bar.set_food(self._player.get_food())
# hot bar
self._hot_bar_view.render(self._hot_bar.items(),
self._hot_bar.get_selected())
def step(self):
"""Steps game time forwards by one 'tick'"""
data = GameData(self._world, self._player)
self._world.step(data)
self.redraw()
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Handle the player's death if necessary
if self._player.get_health() <= 0:
death_message = tk.messagebox.askquestion(
title="You died!", message="You died! Do you want to restart?")
if death_message == "yes":
self._restart()
else:
self._exit()
self._master.after(15, self.step)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
"""Moves the player"""
self.check_target()
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
self._player.set_velocity((velocity.x + dx * 80, velocity.y + dy * 80))
def _jump(self, event):
"""Causes the player to jump upwards"""
self.check_target()
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
# Task 1.2: Update the player's velocity here
x_velocity, y_velocity = velocity
self._player.set_velocity((x_velocity * 1.2, y_velocity - 180))
def mine_block(self, block, x, y):
"""Mines a block, removing it from the game and dropping one or more items"""
luck = random.random()
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
was_item_suitable, was_attack_successful = block.mine(
effective_item, active_item, luck)
effective_item.attack(was_attack_successful)
if block.is_mined():
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Reduce the player's food/health appropriately
if self._player.get_food() > 0:
self._player.change_food(-1)
print("Food now at", self._player.get_food())
else:
self._player.change_health(-0.5)
print("Health now at", self._player.get_health)
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Remove the block from the world & get its drops
drops = block.get_drops(luck, was_item_suitable)
self._world.remove_block(block)
if not drops:
return
x0, y0 = block.get_position()
for i, (drop_category, drop_types) in enumerate(drops):
print(f'Dropped {drop_category}, {drop_types}')
if drop_category == "item":
physical = DroppedItem(create_item(*drop_types))
# this is so bleh
x = x0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
i % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
y = y0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
(i // 3) % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
self._world.add_item(physical, x, y)
elif drop_category == "block":
self._world.add_block(create_block(*drop_types), x, y)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def get_holding(self):
"""Gets the item in the player's 'hand', the active item
Returns (tuple): The item active, and if it is effective against the targeted block"""
active_stack = self._hot_bar.get_selected_value()
active_item = active_stack.get_item() if active_stack else self._hands
effective_item = active_item if active_item.can_attack(
) else self._hands
return active_item, effective_item
def check_target(self):
"""Checks if the target is in range"""
# select target block, if possible
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
pixel_range = active_item.get_attack_range(
) * self._world.get_cell_expanse()
self._target_in_range = positions_in_range(self._player.get_position(),
self._target_position,
pixel_range)
def _mouse_move(self, event):
"""Updates the target whenever the mouse moves"""
self._target_position = event.x, event.y
self.check_target()
def _mouse_leave(self, event):
"""Triggers when mouse leaves the game window, and makes the target out of range"""
self._target_in_range = False
def _left_click(self, event):
"""Processes a left click"""
# Invariant: (event.x, event.y) == self._target_position
# => Due to mouse move setting target position to cursor
x, y = self._target_position
if self._target_in_range:
block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if block:
self.mine_block(block, x, y)
def _trigger_crafting(self, craft_type):
"""Activates the crafting window for a grid of size"""
print(f"Crafting with {craft_type}")
# self._crafting_window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self._exit)
if craft_type == "basic":
if self._crafting_open:
self._crafting_window.destroy()
self._crafting_open = False
else:
self.crafter = GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_2x2)
self._crafting_window = CraftingWindow(root,
"Inventory & Crafting",
self._hot_bar,
self._inventory,
self.crafter)
self._crafting_window.bind(
"e", lambda e: self.run_effect(('crafting', 'basic')))
self._crafting_open = True
else:
if self._crafting_open:
print("open")
self._crafting_window.destroy()
self._crafting_open = False
else:
self.crafter == GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_3x3,
rows=3,
columns=3)
self._crafting_window = CraftingWindow(
root, "Crafting Table", self._hot_bar, self._inventory,
GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_3x3, rows=3, columns=3))
self._crafting_window.bind(
"e", lambda e: self.run_effect(('crafting', 'basic')))
self._crafting_open = True
def run_effect(self, effect):
"""Applies the effect given
Parameters:
Effect (str): The effect to apply"""
if len(effect) == 2:
if effect[0] == "crafting":
craft_type = effect[1]
if craft_type == "basic":
print("Can't craft much on a 2x2 grid :/")
elif craft_type == "crafting_table":
print("Let's get our kraft® on! King of the brands")
self._trigger_crafting(craft_type)
return
elif effect[0] in ("food", "health"):
stat, strength = effect
if self._player.get_health() < self._player.get_max_health():
print("Health")
stat = "health"
print(f"Gaining {strength} {stat}!")
getattr(self._player, f"change_{stat}")(strength)
return
raise KeyError(f"No effect defined for {effect}")
def _right_click(self, event):
"""Processes a right click"""
print("Right click")
x, y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_thing(x, y)
if target:
# use this thing
print(f'using {target}')
effect = target.use()
print(f'used {target} and got {effect}')
if effect:
self.run_effect(effect)
else:
if self._target_in_range:
# place active item
selected = self._hot_bar.get_selected()
if not selected:
return
stack = self._hot_bar[selected]
drops = stack.get_item().place()
stack.subtract(1)
if stack.get_quantity() == 0:
# remove from hotbar
self._hot_bar[selected] = None
if not drops:
return
# handling multiple drops would be somewhat finicky, so prevent it
if len(drops) > 1:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Cannot handle dropping more than 1 thing")
drop_category, drop_types = drops[0]
x, y = event.x, event.y
if drop_category == "block":
existing_block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if not existing_block:
self._world.add_block(create_block(drop_types[0]), x,
y)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Automatically placing a block nearby if the target cell is full is not yet implemented"
)
elif drop_category == "effect":
self.run_effect(drop_types)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def _activate_item(self, index):
"""Activates the item at index
Parameters:
index (int): The index of the item to activate"""
print(f"Activating {index}")
self._hot_bar.toggle_selection((0, index))
def _handle_player_collide_item(self, player: Player,
dropped_item: DroppedItem, data,
arbiter: pymunk.Arbiter):
"""Callback to handle collision between the player and a (dropped) item. If the player has sufficient space in
their to pick up the item, the item will be removed from the game world.
Parameters:
player (Player): The player that was involved in the collision
dropped_item (DroppedItem): The (dropped) item that the player collided with
data (dict): data that was added with this collision handler (see data parameter in
World.add_collision_handler)
arbiter (pymunk.Arbiter): Data about a collision
(see http://www.pymunk.org/en/latest/pymunk.html#pymunk.Arbiter)
NOTE: you probably won't need this
Return:
bool: False (always ignore this type of collision)
(more generally, collision callbacks return True iff the collision should be considered valid; i.e.
returning False makes the world ignore the collision)
"""
item = dropped_item.get_item()
if self._hot_bar.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the hotbar")
elif self._inventory.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the inventory")
else:
print(f"Found 1 {item!r}, but both hotbar & inventory are full")
return True
self._world.remove_item(dropped_item)
return False
class GridCrafterView(tk.Frame):
"""A tkinter widget used to display crafting with a grid as input and a single cell as output"""
def __init__(self, master, input_size):
"""Constructor
Parameters:
master (tk.Frame | tk.Toplevel | tk.Tk): Tkinter parent widget
input_size (tuple<int, int>):
The (row, column) size of the grid crafter's input grid
"""
super().__init__(master)
self._master = master
self._crafting_type = 'basic'
# Task 2.2 Crafting: Create widgets here
# ...
print(input_size)
if input_size == (2, 1):
self._crafting_type = 'furnace'
# Frame for the smelting item, fuel and fire image
self._furnace_frame = tk.Frame(self)
# Create one grid for the item to be smelted
self._smelt_grid = Grid(rows=1, columns=1)
self._smelt_grid_view = ItemGridView(self._furnace_frame, (1, 1))
self._smelt_grid_view.pack(side=tk.TOP, expand=True)
# Flame
self._flame_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('flame.png'))
self._flame_label = tk.Label(self._furnace_frame,
image=self._flame_img)
self._flame_label.pack(side=tk.TOP)
# Create on grid below the fire for the fuel item
self._fuel_grid = Grid(rows=1, columns=1)
self._fuel_grid_view = ItemGridView(self._furnace_frame, (1, 1))
self._fuel_grid_view.pack(side=tk.TOP, expand=True)
# Render and pack
self._smelt_grid_view.render(self._smelt_grid.items(), None)
self._fuel_grid_view.render(self._fuel_grid.items(), None)
self._furnace_frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True)
else: # Basic crafting grid for 2x2 or crafting table
self._input_grid = Grid(rows=input_size[0], columns=input_size[1])
self._input_grid_view = ItemGridView(self,
self._input_grid.get_size())
self._input_grid_view.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True)
self._input_grid_view.render(self._input_grid.items(), None)
# Create output cell and craft button, the same for all cases
self._output_cell = Grid(rows=1, columns=1)
self._output_cell_view = ItemGridView(self,
self._output_cell.get_size())
self._output_cell_view.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, expand=True)
self._craft_button = tk.Button(self, text='=>Craft=>')
self._craft_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self._output_cell_view.render(self._output_cell.items(), None)
def render(self, key_stack_pairs, selected):
"""Renders the stacks at appropriate cells, as determined by 'key_stack_pairs'
Parameters:
key_stack_pairs (tuple<*, Stack>):
(key, stack) pairs, where each stack should be drawn at the cell
corresponding to key
selected (*): The key that is currently selected, or None if no key is selected
"""
# Task 2.2 Crafting: Render widgets here
# ...
#print(f"{selected} is selected")
#print(key_stack_pairs)
for key, stack in key_stack_pairs:
#print(f"Redrawing {stack} at {key}")
if key == "output":
# Task 2.2 Crafting: Draw output cell
# ...
self._output_cell_view.draw_cell((0, 0),
stack,
active=selected == key)
elif self._crafting_type == 'furnace' and key == (0, 0):
self._smelt_grid_view.draw_cell((0, 0),
stack,
active=selected == key)
elif self._crafting_type == 'furnace' and key == (1, 0):
self._fuel_grid_view.draw_cell((0, 0),
stack,
active=selected == key)
elif self._crafting_type == 'basic':
# Task 2.2 Crafting: Draw input cells
# ...
self._input_grid_view.draw_cell(key,
stack,
active=selected == key)
def bind_for_id(self, event, callback):
"""Binds callback to tkinter mouse event
Callback accept parameters: callback(key, event), where
- key (*) is the key of the cell clicked, etc.
- mouse_event (tk.MouseEvent) is the original mouse event from tkinter
"""
if event not in TK_MOUSE_EVENTS:
return
# Task 2.2 Crafting: Bind to tkinter widgets here
# When a cell is clicked, we need to call the callback. Tkinter's bind does
# this for us, but not exactly how we want. Tkinter bound callbacks have a single
# parameter, the mouse event containing useful information about the click (i.e.
# the x & y coordinates)
#
# However, x & y coordinates aren't that useful. The class controlling this widget
# (i.e. CraftingWindow) only needs to know which cell was clicked. It's not
# concerned with where it was clicked, just that it was. This is so it can easily
# interact with the crafter model (i.e. GridCrafter) and move stacks around or
# select/deselect them.
#
# To integrate with CraftingWindow, you will need to transform the callback
# provided to tk.bind, exactly as is done in ItemGridView.bind_for_id, except
# the first argument may not necessarily be a (row, column) position, but
# simply an arbitrary key (for basic 2x2 crafting, the 5 keys are:
# "output", (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)
#
# ...
if self._crafting_type == 'basic':
self._input_grid_view.bind(
event, lambda e: callback(
self._input_grid_view.xy_to_grid((e.x, e.y)), e))
elif self._crafting_type == 'furnace':
self._smelt_grid_view.bind(event, lambda e: callback((0, 0), e))
self._fuel_grid_view.bind(event, lambda e: callback((1, 0), e))
self._output_cell_view.bind(event, lambda e: callback("output", e))
self._craft_button.bind(event, lambda e: callback('craft', 'craft'))
class Ninedraft:
"""High-level app class for Ninedraft, a 2d sandbox game"""
def __init__(self, master):
"""Constructor
Parameters:
master (tk.Tk): tkinter root widget
"""
self._master = master
self._master.title("Ninedraft")
self._world = World((GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT), BLOCK_SIZE)
load_simple_world(self._world)
self._player = Player()
self._world.add_player(self._player, 250, 150)
self._world.add_collision_handler(
"player", "item", on_begin=self._handle_player_collide_item)
self._hot_bar = SelectableGrid(rows=1, columns=10)
self._hot_bar.select((0, 0))
starting_hotbar = [
Stack(create_item("dirt"), 20),
Stack(create_item("pickaxe", "stone"), 1)
]
for i, item in enumerate(starting_hotbar):
self._hot_bar[0, i] = item
self._hands = create_item("hands")
self._weapon = create_item("pickaxe", "stone")
starting_inventory = [
((1, 5), Stack(Item('dirt'), 10)),
((0, 2), Stack(Item('wood'), 10)),
]
self._inventory = Grid(rows=3, columns=10)
for position, stack in starting_inventory:
self._inventory[position] = stack
self._crafting_window = None
self._master.bind("e", lambda e: self.run_effect(
('crafting', 'basic')))
self._view = GameView(master, self._world.get_pixel_size(),
WorldViewRouter(BLOCK_COLOURS, ITEM_COLOURS))
self._view.pack()
self._master.bind("<Motion>", self._mouse_move)
self._master.bind("<Button-1>", self._left_click)
self._master.bind("<Button-2>", self._right_click)
# Task 1.3: Create instance of StatusView here
# ...
self._status_view = StatusView(master)
self._status_view.pack()
self._status_view.set_food_value(self._player.get_food())
self._status_view.set_health_value(self._player.get_health())
self._hot_bar_view = ItemGridView(master, self._hot_bar.get_size())
self._hot_bar_view.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
self._master.bind("<space>", lambda e: self._jump()) #2019.5.22改
self._master.bind("a", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Left>", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("d", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Right>", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("s", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
self._master.bind("<Down>", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
self._master.bind("1", lambda e: self._activate_item(0))
self._master.bind("2", lambda e: self._activate_item(1))
self._master.bind("3", lambda e: self._activate_item(2))
self._master.bind("4", lambda e: self._activate_item(3))
self._master.bind("5", lambda e: self._activate_item(4))
self._master.bind("6", lambda e: self._activate_item(5))
self._master.bind("7", lambda e: self._activate_item(6))
self._master.bind("8", lambda e: self._activate_item(7))
self._master.bind("9", lambda e: self._activate_item(8))
self._master.bind("0", lambda e: self._activate_item(9))
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Add file menu here
# ...
menu = MenuBar(master, [("File", {
"New Game": self._reset,
"Exit": self._close
})])
self._target_in_range = False
self._target_position = 0, 0
self.redraw()
self.step()
def _reset(self):
self._master.destroy()
main()
def _close(self):
""" Exit the drawing application """
result = tk.messagebox.askquestion(title="Quiz Window",
message="Do you really wanna quiz?")
if (result == "yes"):
self._master.destroy()
def redraw(self):
self._view.delete(tk.ALL)
# physical things
self._view.draw_physical(self._world.get_all_things())
# target
target_x, target_y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_block(target_x, target_y)
cursor_position = self._world.grid_to_xy_centre(
*self._world.xy_to_grid(target_x, target_y))
#2019.5.22
if self._target_in_range:
self._target_position = cursor_position
self._view.show_target(self._player.get_position(),
self._target_position, cursor_position)
else:
self._view.hide_target()
# Task 1.3 StatusView: Update StatusView values here
# ...
# hot bar
self._hot_bar_view.render(self._hot_bar.items(),
self._hot_bar.get_selected())
def step(self):
data = GameData(self._world, self._player)
self._world.step(data)
self.check_target()
self.redraw()
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Handle the player's death if necessary
# ...
self._master.after(15, self.step)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
self._player.set_velocity((velocity.x + dx * 80, velocity.y + dy * 80))
def _jump(self):
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
self._player.set_velocity((velocity.x + 10, velocity.y - 100))
def mine_block(self, block, x, y):
luck = random.random()
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
was_item_suitable, was_attack_successful = block.mine(
effective_item, active_item, luck)
effective_item.attack(was_attack_successful)
if block.is_mined():
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Reduce the player's food/health appropriately
if self._player.get_food() > 0:
self._player.change_health(0)
self._player.change_food(-2)
self._status_view.set_food_value(self._player.get_food())
elif self._player.get_food() == 0:
self._player.change_food(0)
self._player.change_health(-2)
self._status_view.set_health_value(self._player.get_health())
if self._player.is_dead():
result = tk.messagebox.askquestion(
title="You are dead!", message="Do you want to try again?")
if (result == "yes"):
self._reset()
else:
self._master.destroy()
# ...
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Remove the block from the world & get its drops
# ...
self._world.remove_block(block)
drops = block.get_drops(luck, was_item_suitable)
if not drops:
return
x0, y0 = block.get_position()
for i, (drop_category, drop_types) in enumerate(drops):
print(f'Dropped {drop_category}, {drop_types}')
if drop_category == "item":
physical = DroppedItem(create_item(*drop_types))
# this is so bleh
x = x0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
i % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
y = y0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
(i // 3) % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
self._world.add_item(physical, x, y)
elif drop_category == "block":
self._world.add_block(create_block(*drop_types), x, y)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def get_holding(self):
active_stack = self._hot_bar.get_selected_value()
active_item = active_stack.get_item() if active_stack else self._hands
effective_item = active_item if active_item.can_attack(
) else self._hands
return active_item, effective_item
def check_target(self):
# select target block, if possible
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
pixel_range = active_item.get_attack_range(
) * self._world.get_cell_expanse()
self._target_in_range = positions_in_range(self._player.get_position(),
self._target_position,
pixel_range)
def _mouse_move(self, event):
self._target_position = event.x, event.y
self.check_target()
def _left_click(self, event):
# Invariant: (event.x, event.y) == self._target_position
# => Due to mouse move setting target position to cursor
x, y = self._target_position
if self._target_in_range:
block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if block:
self.mine_block(block, x, y)
def _trigger_crafting(self, craft_type):
CRAFTING_RECIPES_2x2 = [
(((None, 'wood'), (None, 'wood')), Stack(create_item("stick"), 4)),
(((None, 'dirt'), (None, 'wood')), Stack(create_item("stone"), 4)),
(((None, 'dirt'), (None, 'dirt')), Stack(create_item("wood"), 4)),
((("wood", 'dirt'), ("wood", 'dirt')),
Stack(create_item("apple"), 4))
]
print(f"Crafting with {craft_type}")
crafter = GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_2x2)
show_crafter = CraftingWindow(self._master, "crafting", self._hot_bar,
self._inventory, crafter)
def run_effect(self, effect):
if len(effect) == 2:
if effect[0] == "crafting":
craft_type = effect[1]
if craft_type == "basic":
print("Can't craft much on a 2x2 grid :/")
elif craft_type == "crafting_table":
print("Let's get our kraft® on! King of the brands")
self._trigger_crafting(craft_type)
return
elif effect[0] in ("food", "health"):
stat, strength = effect
print(f"Gaining {strength} {stat}!")
getattr(self._player, f"change_{stat}")(strength)
self._status_view.set_food_value(self._player.get_food())
self._status_view.set_health_value(self._player.get_health())
if self._player.get_food(
) == 20 and self._player.get_health() < 20:
self._player.change_health(strength)
self._status_view.set_food_value(self._player.get_food())
self._status_view.set_health_value(
self._player.get_health())
return
raise KeyError(f"No effect defined for {effect}")
def _right_click(self, event):
print("Right click")
x, y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_thing(x, y)
if target:
# use this thing
print(f'using {target}')
effect = target.use()
print(f'used {target} and got {effect}')
if effect:
self.run_effect(effect)
else:
# place active item
selected = self._hot_bar.get_selected()
if not selected:
return
stack = self._hot_bar[selected]
drops = stack.get_item().place()
stack.subtract(1)
if stack.get_quantity() == 0:
# remove from hotbar
self._hot_bar[selected] = None
if not drops:
return
# handling multiple drops would be somewhat finicky, so prevent it
if len(drops) > 1:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Cannot handle dropping more than 1 thing ")
drop_category, drop_types = drops[0]
x, y = event.x, event.y
if drop_category == "block":
existing_block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if not existing_block:
self._world.add_block(create_block(drop_types[0]), x, y)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Automatically placing a block nearby if the target cell is full is not yet implemented"
)
elif drop_category == "effect":
self.run_effect(drop_types)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def _activate_item(self, index):
print(f"Activating {index}")
self._hot_bar.toggle_selection((0, index))
def _handle_player_collide_item(self, player: Player,
dropped_item: DroppedItem, data,
arbiter: pymunk.Arbiter):
"""Callback to handle collision between the player and a (dropped) item. If the player has sufficient space in
their to pick up the item, the item will be removed from the game world.
Parameters:
player (Player): The player that was involved in the collision
dropped_item (DroppedItem): The (dropped) item that the player collided with
data (dict): data that was added with this collision handler (see data parameter in
World.add_collision_handler)
arbiter (pymunk.Arbiter): Data about a collision
(see http://www.pymunk.org/en/latest/pymunk.html#pymunk.Arbiter)
NOTE: you probably won't need this
Return:
bool: False (always ignore this type of collision)
(more generally, collision callbacks return True iff the collision should be considered valid; i.e.
returning False makes the world ignore the collision)
"""
item = dropped_item.get_item()
if self._hot_bar.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the hotbar")
elif self._inventory.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the inventory")
else:
print(f"Found 1 {item!r}, but both hotbar & inventory are full")
return True
self._world.remove_item(dropped_item)
return False
class Ninedraft:
"""High-level app class for Ninedraft, a 2d sandbox game"""
def __init__(self, master):
"""Constructor
Parameters:
master (tk.Tk): tkinter root widget
"""
self._master = master
self._world = WorldReporter((GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT), BLOCK_SIZE)
load_simple_world(self._world)
self._player = Player()
self._world.add_player(self._player, 250, 150)
self._world.add_collision_handler(
"player", "item", on_begin=self._handle_player_collide_item)
self._hot_bar = SelectableGrid(rows=1, columns=10)
self._hot_bar.select((0, 0))
self._starting_hotbar = [
Stack(create_item("dirt"), 20),
Stack(create_item("apple"), 4),
Stack(create_item("crafting_table"), 1),
Stack(create_item("furnace"), 1),
Stack(create_item("honey"), 1),
Stack(create_item("pickaxe", "diamond"), 1),
]
for i, item in enumerate(self._starting_hotbar):
self._hot_bar[0, i] = item
self._hands = create_item('hands')
self._starting_inventory = [
((1, 5), Stack(Item('dirt'), 10)),
((0, 2), Stack(Item('wood'), 10)),
]
self._inventory = Grid(rows=3, columns=10)
for position, stack in self._starting_inventory:
self._inventory[position] = stack
self._crafting_window = None
self._master.bind("e", lambda e: self.run_effect(
('crafting', 'basic')))
self._view = GameView(master, self._world.get_pixel_size(),
CreateWorld(BLOCK_COLOURS, ITEM_COLOURS))
# Change WorldViewRouter to my subclass here
self._view.pack()
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Bind mouse events here
# ...
self._view.bind("<Motion>", self._mouse_move)
self._view.bind("<Leave>", self._mouse_leave)
self._master.bind("<Button-1>", self._left_click)
self._master.bind("<Button-3>", self._right_click)
# Task 1.3: Create instance of StatusView here
# ...
self._status_view = StatusView(master)
self._status_view.pack(side=tk.TOP, expand=True)
self._hot_bar_view = ItemGridView(master, self._hot_bar.get_size())
self._hot_bar_view.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind to space bar for jumping here
# ...
self._master.bind("<space>", lambda e: self._jump())
self._master.bind("a", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Left>", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("d", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Right>", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("s", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
self._master.bind("<Down>", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind numbers to hotbar activation here
# ...
for key in range(1, 10):
self._master.bind(str(key),
lambda e, key=key - 1: self._activate_item(key))
self._master.bind('0', lambda e: self._activate_item(9))
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Add file menu here
# ...
menubar = tk.Menu(self._master)
self._master.config(menu=menubar)
file_menu = tk.Menu(menubar)
menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file_menu)
file_menu.add_command(label="New Game", command=self.new_game)
file_menu.add_command(label="Exit", command=self.exit)
self._target_in_range = False
self._target_position = 0, 0
self.redraw()
self.step()
def new_game(self):
"""Restart the game by reseting the world, player, hotbar and inventory"""
self._world = WorldReporter((GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT), BLOCK_SIZE)
load_simple_world(self._world)
self._player = Player()
self._world.add_player(self._player, 250, 150)
self._world.add_collision_handler(
"player", "item", on_begin=self._handle_player_collide_item)
for i in self._hot_bar:
self._hot_bar[i] = None
self._starting_hotbar = [
Stack(create_item("dirt"), 20),
Stack(create_item("apple"), 4)
]
for i, item in enumerate(self._starting_hotbar):
self._hot_bar[0, i] = item
for i in self._inventory:
self._inventory[i] = None
self._starting_inventory = [
((1, 5), Stack(Item('dirt'), 10)),
((0, 2), Stack(Item('wood'), 10)),
]
self._inventory = Grid(rows=3, columns=10)
for position, stack in self._starting_inventory:
self._inventory[position] = stack
def exit(self):
"""Exit the application"""
if messagebox.askyesno("Exit", "Would you like to exit the game?"):
self._master.destroy()
def redraw(self):
self._view.delete(tk.ALL)
# physical things
self._view.draw_physical(self._world.get_all_things())
# target
target_x, target_y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_block(target_x, target_y)
cursor_position = self._world.grid_to_xy_centre(
*self._world.xy_to_grid(target_x, target_y))
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Show/hide target here
# ...
if self._target_in_range:
self._view.show_target(self._player.get_position(),
cursor_position)
# Task 1.3 StatusView: Update StatusView values here
# ...
self._status_view.set_health(self._player.get_health())
self._status_view.set_food(self._player.get_food())
# hot bar
self._hot_bar_view.render(self._hot_bar.items(),
self._hot_bar.get_selected())
def step(self):
data = GameData(self._world, self._player)
self._world.step(data)
self.redraw()
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Handle the player's death if necessary
# ...
if self._player.is_dead():
if messagebox.askyesno("You died",
"Would you like to start again?"):
self.new_game()
else:
self.exit()
self._master.after(15, self.step)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
self._player.set_velocity((velocity.x + dx * 80, velocity.y + dy * 80))
self.check_target()
def _jump(self):
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
# Task 1.2: Update the player's velocity here
# ...
self._player.set_velocity((velocity.x * 0.80, velocity.y - 300))
self.check_target()
def mine_block(self, block, x, y):
luck = random.random()
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
was_item_suitable, was_attack_successful = block.mine(
effective_item, active_item, luck)
effective_item.attack(was_attack_successful)
if block.is_mined():
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Reduce the player's food/health appropriately
# ...
if self._player.get_food() > 0:
self._player.change_food(-0.9)
else:
self._player.change_health(-0.5)
self._world.remove_block(block)
if block.get_id() == 'hive':
block_x, block_y = block.get_position()
for i in range(5):
self._world.add_mob(Bee(f"killer_bee{i}", (10, 10)),
block_x, block_y)
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Get what the block drops.
# ...
drops = block.get_drops(luck, was_item_suitable)
if not drops:
return
x0, y0 = block.get_position()
for i, (drop_category, drop_types) in enumerate(drops):
print(f'Dropped {drop_category}, {drop_types}')
if drop_category == "item":
physical = DroppedItem(create_item(*drop_types))
# this is so bleh
x = x0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
i % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
y = y0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
(i // 3) % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
self._world.add_item(physical, x, y)
elif drop_category == "block":
self._world.add_block(create_block(*drop_types), x, y)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def attack(self, mob, x, y):
"""Method to attack mobs encountered in the world"""
luck = random.random()
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
was_attack_successful = mob.attacked(effective_item, luck)
if was_attack_successful:
# Get damage from TooLItem
damage = effective_item.attack(True)
if not damage: # HandItem returns None, so make that 0 damage
damage = 0
# Deal damage to the mob, will return any dropped items
drops = mob.take_damage(luck, damage)
if not drops:
return
x0, y0 = mob.get_position()
for i, (drop_category, drop_types) in enumerate(drops):
print(f'Dropped {drop_category}, {drop_types}')
if drop_category == "item":
physical = DroppedItem(create_item(*drop_types))
# this is so bleh
x = x0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
i % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
y = y0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
(i // 3) % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
self._world.add_item(physical, x, y)
elif drop_category == "block":
self._world.add_block(create_block(*drop_types), x, y)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def get_holding(self):
active_stack = self._hot_bar.get_selected_value()
active_item = active_stack.get_item() if active_stack else self._hands
effective_item = active_item if active_item.can_attack(
) else self._hands
return active_item, effective_item
def check_target(self):
# select target block, if possible
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
pixel_range = active_item.get_attack_range(
) * self._world.get_cell_expanse()
self._target_in_range = positions_in_range(self._player.get_position(),
self._target_position,
pixel_range)
def _mouse_move(self, event):
self._target_position = event.x, event.y
self.check_target()
def _mouse_leave(self, event):
self._target_in_range = False
def _left_click(self, event):
# Invariant: (event.x, event.y) == self._target_position
# => Due to mouse move setting target position to cursor
x, y = self._target_position
if self._target_in_range:
block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
mobs = self._world.get_mobs(x, y, 15)
if block:
self.mine_block(block, x, y)
elif mobs:
self.attack(mobs[0], x, y)
def _trigger_crafting(self, craft_type):
print(f"Crafting with {craft_type}")
if craft_type == "crafting_table":
crafter = GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_3x3, rows=3, columns=3)
elif craft_type == "furnace":
crafter = GridCrafter(FURNACE_RECIPES_2x1, rows=2, columns=1)
else:
crafter = GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_2x2)
self._craft_window = CraftingWindow(self._master, "Crafting",
self._hot_bar, self._inventory,
crafter)
self._craft_window.bind('e', lambda e: self._craft_window.destroy())
def run_effect(self, effect):
if len(effect) == 2:
if effect[0] == "crafting":
craft_type = effect[1]
if craft_type == "basic":
print("Can't craft much on a 2x2 grid :/")
elif craft_type == "crafting_table":
print("Let's get our kraft® on! King of the brands")
self._trigger_crafting(craft_type)
return
elif effect[0] in ("food", "health"):
stat, strength = effect
if stat == 'food':
food_needed = self._player.get_max_food(
) - self._player.get_food()
# Food can be increased by total food strength
if strength < food_needed:
print(f"Gaining {strength} {stat}!")
getattr(self._player, f"change_{stat}")(strength)
# Food strength is greater than the required food
else:
# check how much food is needed add it to food to max
# food stat
health_gain = strength - food_needed
print(f"Gaining {food_needed} {stat}!")
getattr(self._player, f"change_{stat}")(strength)
# put the rest into health
stat = 'health'
print(f"Gaining {health_gain} {stat}!")
getattr(self._player, f"change_{stat}")(strength)
return
raise KeyError(f"No effect defined for {effect}")
def _right_click(self, event):
print("Right click")
x, y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_thing(x, y)
if target:
# use this thing
print(f'using {target}')
effect = target.use()
print(f'used {target} and got {effect}')
if effect:
self.run_effect(effect)
else:
# place active item
selected = self._hot_bar.get_selected()
if not selected:
return
stack = self._hot_bar[selected]
drops = stack.get_item().place()
stack.subtract(1)
if stack.get_quantity() == 0:
# remove from hotbar
self._hot_bar[selected] = None
if not drops:
return
# handling multiple drops would be somewhat finicky, so prevent it
if len(drops) > 1:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Cannot handle dropping more than 1 thing")
drop_category, drop_types = drops[0]
x, y = event.x, event.y
if drop_category == "block":
existing_block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if not existing_block:
self._world.add_block(create_block(drop_types[0]), x, y)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Automatically placing a block nearby if the target cell is full is not yet implemented"
)
elif drop_category == "effect":
self.run_effect(drop_types)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def _activate_item(self, index):
print(f"Activating {index}")
self._hot_bar.toggle_selection((0, index))
def _handle_player_collide_item(self, player: Player,
dropped_item: DroppedItem, data,
arbiter: pymunk.Arbiter):
"""Callback to handle collision between the player and a (dropped) item. If the player has sufficient space in
their to pick up the item, the item will be removed from the game world.
Parameters:
player (Player): The player that was involved in the collision
dropped_item (DroppedItem): The (dropped) item that the player collided with
data (dict): data that was added with this collision handler (see data parameter in
World.add_collision_handler)
arbiter (pymunk.Arbiter): Data about a collision
(see http://www.pymunk.org/en/latest/pymunk.html#pymunk.Arbiter)
NOTE: you probably won't need this
Return:
bool: False (always ignore this type of collision)
(more generally, collision callbacks return True iff the collision should be considered valid; i.e.
returning False makes the world ignore the collision)
"""
item = dropped_item.get_item()
if self._hot_bar.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the hotbar")
elif self._inventory.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the inventory")
else:
print(f"Found 1 {item!r}, but both hotbar & inventory are full")
return True
self._world.remove_item(dropped_item)
return False
class Ninedraft:
"""High-level app class for Ninedraft, a 2d sandbox game"""
def __init__(self, master):
"""Constructor
Parameters:
master (tk.Tk): tkinter root widget
"""
self._master = master
self._world = World((GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT), BLOCK_SIZE)
master.title('Ninedraft')
load_simple_world(self._world)
self._player = Player()
self._world.add_player(self._player, 250, 150)
self._world.add_collision_handler(
"player", "item", on_begin=self._handle_player_collide_item)
self._hot_bar = SelectableGrid(rows=1, columns=10)
self._hot_bar.select((0, 0))
starting_hotbar = [
Stack(create_item("dirt"), 20),
Stack(create_item("apple"), 20),
Stack(create_item("pickaxe", "stone"), 1),
Stack(create_item("diamond"), 20),
Stack(create_item("wool"), 20),
Stack(create_item("furnace"), 1),
Stack(create_item("honey"), 1),
Stack(create_item("hive"), 1),
Stack(create_item("bow"), 1),
Stack(create_item("arrow"), 20)
]
for i, item in enumerate(starting_hotbar):
self._hot_bar[0, i] = item
self._hands = create_item('hands')
starting_inventory = [
((1, 5), Stack(Item('dirt'), 10)),
((0, 2), Stack(Item('wood'), 10)),
]
self._inventory = Grid(rows=3, columns=10)
for position, stack in starting_inventory:
self._inventory[position] = stack
self._crafting_window = None
self._master.bind("e", lambda e: self.run_effect(
('crafting', 'basic')))
self._view = GameView(master, self._world.get_pixel_size(),
NewWorldViewRouter(BLOCK_COLOURS, ITEM_COLOURS))
self._view.pack()
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Bind mouse events here
# ...
self._view.bind("<Motion>", self._mouse_move)
self._view.bind("<Leave>", self._mouse_leave)
self._master.bind("<Button-1>", self._left_click)
self._view.bind("<Button-3>", self._right_click)
# Task 1.3: Create instance of StatusView here
# ...
self._statusview = StatusView(master, self._player.get_health(),
self._player.get_food())
self._statusview.pack(side=tk.TOP)
self._hot_bar_view = ItemGridView(master, self._hot_bar.get_size())
self._hot_bar_view.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind to space bar for jumping here
# ...
self._master.bind("<space>", lambda e: self._jump())
self._master.bind("a", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Left>", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("d", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Right>", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("s", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
self._master.bind("<Down>", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind numbers to hotbar activation here
# ...
self._master.bind("1", lambda e: self._hot_bar.select((0, 0)))
self._master.bind("2", lambda e: self._hot_bar.select((0, 1)))
self._master.bind("3", lambda e: self._hot_bar.select((0, 2)))
self._master.bind("4", lambda e: self._hot_bar.select((0, 3)))
self._master.bind("5", lambda e: self._hot_bar.select((0, 4)))
self._master.bind("6", lambda e: self._hot_bar.select((0, 5)))
self._master.bind("7", lambda e: self._hot_bar.select((0, 6)))
self._master.bind("8", lambda e: self._hot_bar.select((0, 7)))
self._master.bind("9", lambda e: self._hot_bar.select((0, 8)))
self._master.bind("0", lambda e: self._hot_bar.select((0, 9)))
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Add file menu here
# ...
menu_bar = tk.Menu(self._master)
master.config(menu=menu_bar)
file_menu = tk.Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
menu_bar.add_cascade(label='File', menu=file_menu)
file_menu.add_command(label='New Game', command=self.restart)
file_menu.add_command(label='Exit', command=self.exit)
master.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.exit)
self._target_in_range = False
self._target_position = 0, 0
self.redraw()
self.step()
def restart(self):
"""Restarts the game"""
answer = messagebox.askyesno(
title='New Game?',
message='Are you sure you would like to start a new game?')
if answer:
for thing in self._world.get_all_things():
self._world.remove_thing(thing)
load_simple_world(self._world)
self._player = Player()
self._world.add_player(self._player, 250, 150)
self._hot_bar.select((0, 0))
starting_hotbar = [
Stack(create_item("dirt"), 20),
Stack(create_item("apple"), 20),
Stack(create_item("pickaxe", "stone"), 1),
Stack(create_item("diamond"), 20),
Stack(create_item("wool"), 20),
Stack(create_item("furnace"), 1),
Stack(create_item("honey"), 1),
Stack(create_item("hive"), 1),
Stack(create_item("bow"), 1),
Stack(create_item("arrow"), 20)
]
for position, cell in self._hot_bar.items():
self._hot_bar[position] = None
for i, item in enumerate(starting_hotbar):
self._hot_bar[0, i] = item
for position, cell in self._inventory.items():
self._inventory[position] = None
starting_inventory = [
((1, 5), Stack(Item('dirt'), 10)),
((0, 2), Stack(Item('wood'), 10)),
]
for position, stack in starting_inventory:
self._inventory[position] = stack
def exit(self):
"""Exits the application"""
answer = messagebox.askyesno(
title='Exit', message='Are you sure you want to quit Ninedraft?')
if answer:
self._master.destroy()
def redraw(self):
self._view.delete(tk.ALL)
# physical things
self._view.draw_physical(self._world.get_all_things())
# target
target_x, target_y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_block(target_x, target_y)
cursor_position = self._world.grid_to_xy_centre(
*self._world.xy_to_grid(target_x, target_y))
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Show/hide target here
# ...
self._view.show_target(self._player.get_position(),
self._target_position)
if not self._target_in_range:
self._view.hide_target()
# Task 1.3 StatusView: Update StatusView values here
# ...
self._statusview.set_health(self._player.get_health())
self._statusview.set_food(self._player.get_food())
# hot bar
self._hot_bar_view.render(self._hot_bar.items(),
self._hot_bar.get_selected())
def step(self):
data = GameData(self._world, self._player)
self._world.step(data)
self.redraw()
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Handle the player's death if necessary
# ...
if self._player.is_dead():
self.restart()
self._master.after(15, self.step)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.check_target()
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
self._player.set_velocity((velocity.x + dx * 80, velocity.y + dy * 80))
def _jump(self):
self.check_target()
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
# Task 1.2: Update the player's velocity here
# ...
self._player.set_velocity((velocity.x / 1.5, velocity.y - 150))
def mine_block(self, block, x, y):
luck = random.random()
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
was_item_suitable, was_attack_successful = block.mine(
effective_item, active_item, luck)
effective_item.attack(was_attack_successful)
# if the block has been mined
if block.is_mined():
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Reduce the player's food/health appropriately
# ...
if self._player.get_food() > 0:
self._player.change_food(-0.5)
else:
self._player.change_health(-2.5)
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Remove the block from the world & get its drops
# ...
self._world.remove_item(block)
if luck < 1:
drops = block.get_drops(luck, was_item_suitable)
# Have a look at the World class for removing
# Have a look at the Block class for getting the drops
if not drops:
return
x0, y0 = block.get_position()
for i, (drop_category, drop_types) in enumerate(drops):
print(f'Dropped {drop_category}, {drop_types}')
if drop_category == "item":
physical = DroppedItem(create_item(*drop_types))
# this is so bleh
x = x0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
i % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
y = y0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
(i // 3) % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
self._world.add_item(physical, x, y)
elif drop_category == "block":
self._world.add_block(create_block(*drop_types), x, y)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def get_holding(self):
active_stack = self._hot_bar.get_selected_value()
active_item = active_stack.get_item() if active_stack else self._hands
effective_item = active_item if active_item.can_attack(
) else self._hands
return active_item, effective_item
def check_target(self):
# select target block, if possible
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
pixel_range = active_item.get_attack_range(
) * self._world.get_cell_expanse()
self._target_in_range = positions_in_range(self._player.get_position(),
self._target_position,
pixel_range)
def _mouse_move(self, event):
self._target_position = event.x, event.y
self.check_target()
def _mouse_leave(self, event):
self._target_in_range = False
def _left_click(self, event):
# Invariant: (event.x, event.y) == self._target_position
# => Due to mouse move setting target position to cursor
x, y = self._target_position
if self._target_in_range:
block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if block:
self.mine_block(block, x, y)
elif "Sheep('sheep')":
block = WoolBlock("wool", "wood")
block.get_drops(1, True)
def _trigger_crafting(self, craft_type):
print(f"Crafting with {craft_type}")
CRAFTING_RECIPES_2x2 = [
(((None, 'wood'), (None, 'wood')), Stack(create_item('stick'), 4)),
((('wood', 'wood'), ('wood', 'wood')),
Stack(create_item('crafting_table'), 1)),
((('dirt', 'dirt'), ('dirt', 'dirt')),
Stack(create_item('wood'), 1)),
((('stone', 'stone'), ('stone', 'stone')),
Stack(create_item('diamond'), 1)),
((('apple', 'apple'), ('apple', 'apple')),
Stack(create_item('honey'), 1)),
]
CRAFTING_RECIPES_3x3 = {
(((None, None, None), (None, 'wood', None), (None, 'wood', None)),
Stack(create_item('stick'), 16)),
((('wood', 'wood', 'wood'), (None, 'stick', None),
(None, 'stick', None)), Stack(create_item('pickaxe', 'wood'),
1)),
((('stone', 'stone', 'stone'), (None, 'stick', None),
(None, 'stick', None)), Stack(create_item('pickaxe', 'stone'),
1)),
((('diamond', 'diamond', 'diamond'), (None, 'stick', None),
(None, 'stick', None)),
Stack(create_item('pickaxe', 'diamond'), 1)),
((('wood', 'wood', None), ('wood', 'stick', None),
(None, 'stick', None)), Stack(create_item('axe', 'wood'), 1)),
((('stone', 'stone', None), ('wood', 'stick', None),
(None, 'stick', None)), Stack(create_item('axe', 'stone'), 1)),
(((None, 'wood', None), (None, 'stick', None),
(None, 'stick', None)), Stack(create_item('shovel', 'wood'), 1)),
(((None, 'stone', None), (None, 'stick', None),
(None, 'stick', None)), Stack(create_item('shovel', 'stone'),
1)),
(((None, 'wood', None), (None, 'wood', None),
(None, 'stick', None)), Stack(create_item('sword', 'wood'), 1)),
(((None, 'stone', None), (None, 'stone', None),
(None, 'stick', None)), Stack(create_item('sword', 'stone'), 1)),
(((None, None, None), ('wool', 'wool', 'wool'),
('wood', 'wood', 'wood')), Stack(create_item('bed'), 1)),
((('stone', 'stone', 'stone'), ('stone', None, 'stone'),
('stone', 'stone', 'stone')), Stack(create_item('furnace'), 1))
}
if craft_type == "basic":
crafter = GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_2x2, 2, 2)
else:
crafter = GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_3x3, 3, 3)
self._crafting_window = CraftingWindow(self._master,
craft_type,
hot_bar=self._hot_bar,
inventory=self._inventory,
crafter=crafter)
def run_effect(self, effect):
if len(effect) == 2:
if effect[0] == "crafting":
craft_type = effect[1]
if craft_type == "basic":
print("Can't craft much on a 2x2 grid :/")
elif craft_type == "crafting_table":
print("Let's get our kraft® on! King of the brands")
self._trigger_crafting(craft_type)
return
elif effect[0] in ("food", "health"):
stat, strength = effect
if self._player.get_food() < self._player._max_food:
stat = "food"
else:
stat = "health"
print(f"Gaining {strength} {stat}!")
getattr(self._player, f"change_{stat}")(strength)
return
raise KeyError(f"No effect defined for {effect}")
def _right_click(self, event):
print("Right click")
x, y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_thing(x, y)
if target:
# use this thing
print(f'using {target}')
effect = target.use()
print(f'used {target} and got {effect}')
if effect:
self.run_effect(effect)
else:
# place active item
selected = self._hot_bar.get_selected()
if not selected:
return
stack = self._hot_bar[selected]
if not stack:
return
drops = stack.get_item().place()
stack.subtract(1)
if stack.get_quantity() == 0:
# remove from hotbar
self._hot_bar[selected] = None
if not drops:
return
# handling multiple drops would be somewhat finicky, so prevent it
if len(drops) > 1:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Cannot handle dropping more than 1 thing")
drop_category, drop_types = drops[0]
x, y = event.x, event.y
if drop_category == "block":
existing_block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if not existing_block:
self._world.add_block(create_block(drop_types[0]), x, y)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Automatically placing a block nearby if the target cell is full is not yet implemented"
)
elif drop_category == "effect":
self.run_effect(drop_types)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def _activate_item(self, index):
print(f"Activating {index}")
self._hot_bar.toggle_selection((0, index))
def _handle_player_collide_item(self, player: Player,
dropped_item: DroppedItem, data,
arbiter: pymunk.Arbiter):
"""Callback to handle collision between the player and a (dropped) item. If the player has sufficient space in
their to pick up the item, the item will be removed from the game world.
Parameters:
player (Player): The player that was involved in the collision
dropped_item (DroppedItem): The (dropped) item that the player collided with
data (dict): data that was added with this collision handler (see data parameter in
World.add_collision_handler)
arbiter (pymunk.Arbiter): Data about a collision
(see http://www.pymunk.org/en/latest/pymunk.html#pymunk.Arbiter)
NOTE: you probably won't need this
Return:
bool: False (always ignore this type of collision)
(more generally, collision callbacks return True iff the collision should be considered valid; i.e.
returning False makes the world ignore the collision)
"""
item = dropped_item.get_item()
if self._hot_bar.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the hotbar")
elif self._inventory.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the inventory")
else:
print(f"Found 1 {item!r}, but both hotbar & inventory are full")
return True
self._world.remove_item(dropped_item)
return False
class GridCrafterView(tk.Frame):
"""A tkinter widget used to display crafting with a grid as input and a single cell as output"""
def __init__(self, master, input_size, mode="normal"):
"""Constructor
Parameters:
master (tk.Frame | tk.Toplevel | tk.Tk): Tkinter parent widget
input_size (tuple<int, int>):
The (row, column) size of the grid crafter's input grid
"""
super().__init__(master)
# check mode
if mode not in ["normal", "smelting"]:
raise NotImplementedError("Not supported mode")
# Task 2.2 Crafting: Create widgets here
self._input = SelectableGrid(rows=input_size[0], columns=input_size[1])
self._input_view = ItemGridView(self, self._input.get_size())
self._output = SelectableGrid(rows=1, columns=1)
if mode == "smelting":
self._button = tk.Button(self, text="=>Smelt=>", height=1)
im = Image.open('fire.jpg')
self.img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
# img = tk.PhotoImage(file="fire.gif")
self._label = tk.Label(self, image=self.img)
self._label.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
else:
self._button = tk.Button(self, text="=>Craft=>", height=1)
self._input_view.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self._button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self._output_view = ItemGridView(self, (1, 1))
self._output_view.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self._input_view.render(self._input.items(),
self._input.get_selected())
self._output_view.render(self._output.items(),
self._output.get_selected())
def render(self, key_stack_pairs, selected):
"""Renders the stacks at appropriate cells, as determined by 'key_stack_pairs'
Parameters:
key_stack_pairs (tuple<*, Stack>):
(key, stack) pairs, where each stack should be drawn at the cell
corresponding to key
selected (*): The key that is currently selected, or None if no key is selected
"""
# Task 2.2 Crafting: Create widgets here
print(f"{selected} is selected")
for key, stack in key_stack_pairs:
print(f"Redrawing {stack} at {key}")
if key == "output":
# Task 2.2 Crafting: Draw output cell
self._output_view.draw_cell((0, 0), stack,
selected == "output")
else:
# Task 2.2 Crafting: Draw input cells
self._input_view.draw_cell(key, stack,
True if selected == key else False)
def bind_for_id(self, event, callback):
"""Binds callback to tkinter mouse event
Callback accept parameters: callback(key, event), where
- key (*) is the key of the cell clicked, etc.
- mouse_event (tk.MouseEvent) is the original mouse event from tkinter
"""
if event not in TK_MOUSE_EVENTS:
return
self._input_view.bind_for_id(event, callback)
self._output_view.bind(event, lambda e: callback("output", e))
self._button.bind(event, lambda e: callback("craft", e))
class Ninedraft:
"""High-level app class for Ninedraft, a 2d sandbox game"""
def __init__(self, master):
"""Constructor
Parameters:
master (tk.Tk): tkinter root widget
"""
self._master = master
self._world = World((GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT), BLOCK_SIZE)
self._master.title("Ninedraft")
load_simple_world(self._world)
self._player = Player(max_health=40.0)
self._world.add_player(self._player, 250, 150)
self._world.add_collision_handler(
"player", "item", on_begin=self._handle_player_collide_item)
self._world.add_collision_handler(
"player", "mob", on_post_solve=self._handle_player_collide_mob)
self._hot_bar = SelectableGrid(rows=1, columns=10)
self._hot_bar.select((0, 0))
starting_hotbar = [
Stack(create_item("dirt"), 20),
Stack(create_item("crafting_table"), 1),
Stack(create_item("furnace"), 1),
Stack(create_item('axe', 'wood'), 1),
Stack(create_item('pickaxe', 'golden'), 1),
]
for i, item in enumerate(starting_hotbar):
self._hot_bar[0, i] = item
self._hands = create_item('hands')
starting_inventory = [
((1, 5), Stack(Item('dirt'), 10)),
((0, 2), Stack(Item('wood'), 10)),
((0, 4), Stack(Item('stone'), 20)),
]
self._inventory = Grid(rows=3, columns=10)
for position, stack in starting_inventory:
self._inventory[position] = stack
self._crafting_window = None
self._master.bind("e", lambda e: self.run_effect(
('crafting', 'basic')))
self._view = GameView(master, self._world.get_pixel_size(),
WorldViewRouter(BLOCK_COLOURS, ITEM_COLOURS))
self._view.pack()
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Bind mouse events here
self._master.bind("<Motion>", self._mouse_move)
self._master.bind("<1>", self._left_click)
self._master.bind("<3>", self._right_click)
# Task 1.3: Create instance of StatusView here
self.status_view = StatusView(self._master)
self.status_view.pack()
self.status_view.set_food(self._player.get_food())
self.status_view.set_health(self._player.get_health())
self._hot_bar_view = ItemGridView(master, self._hot_bar.get_size())
self._hot_bar_view.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind to space bar for jumping here
self._master.bind("<space>", lambda x: self._jump())
self._master.bind("a", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Left>", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("d", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Right>", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("s", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
self._master.bind("<Down>", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
self._master.bind("w", lambda e: self._move(0, -1))
self._master.bind("<Up>", lambda e: self._move(0, -1))
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind numbers to hotbar activation here
for i in range(10):
self._master.bind(str((i + 1) % 10),
(lambda x: lambda e: self._activate_item(x))(i))
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Add file menu here
self.menu = tk.Menu(self._master)
file_bar = tk.Menu(self.menu)
file_bar.add_command(label="New Game", command=self._restart)
file_bar.add_command(label="Exit", command=self._quit)
self.menu.add_cascade(label='File', menu=file_bar)
self._master.config(menu=self.menu)
self._target_in_range = False
self._target_position = 0, 0
self.redraw()
self.step()
def _quit(self):
result = simpledialog.messagebox.askyesno(
title='quit', message='Do you really want to quit?')
if result:
self._master.quit()
def _restart(self):
result = simpledialog.messagebox.askyesno(
title='restart', message='Do you really want to restart?')
if result:
self._master.destroy()
root = tk.Tk()
self.__init__(root)
root.mainloop()
def redraw(self):
self._view.delete(tk.ALL)
# physical things
self._view.draw_physical(self._world.get_all_things())
# target
target_x, target_y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_block(target_x, target_y)
cursor_position = self._world.grid_to_xy_centre(
*self._world.xy_to_grid(target_x, target_y))
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Show/hide target here
if target and self._target_in_range:
self._view.show_target(self._player.get_position(),
cursor_position)
else:
self._view.hide_target()
# Task 1.3 StatusView: Update StatusView values here
self.status_view.set_food(self._player.get_food())
self.status_view.set_health(self._player.get_health())
# hot bar
self._hot_bar_view.render(self._hot_bar.items(),
self._hot_bar.get_selected())
def step(self):
data = GameData(self._world, self._player)
self._world.step(data)
self.check_target()
self.redraw()
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Handle the player's death if necessary
# ...
self._master.after(15, self.step)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
self._player.set_velocity((velocity.x + dx * 80, velocity.y + dy * 80))
def _jump(self):
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
# Task 1.4: Update the player's velocity here
self._player.set_velocity((velocity[0] * 0.8, velocity[1] - 200))
def mine_block(self, block, x, y):
luck = random.random()
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
was_item_suitable, was_attack_successful = block.mine(
effective_item, active_item, luck)
effective_item.attack(was_attack_successful)
if block.is_mined():
print(block)
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Reduce the player's food/health appropriately
if self._player.get_food() > 0:
self._player.change_food(-1)
else:
self._player.change_health(-1)
if self._player.get_health() <= 0:
self._restart()
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Remove the block from the world & get its drops
self._world.remove_block(block)
drops = block.get_drops(random.random(), True)
if not drops:
return
x0, y0 = block.get_position()
for i, (drop_category, drop_types) in enumerate(drops):
print(f'Dropped {drop_category}, {drop_types}')
if drop_category == "item":
physical = DroppedItem(create_item(*drop_types))
# this is so bleh
x = x0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
i % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
y = y0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
(i // 3) % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
self._world.add_item(physical, x, y)
elif drop_category == "block":
self._world.add_block(create_block(*drop_types), x, y)
elif drop_category == "mob":
self._world.add_mob(Bee("foe_bee", (8, 8)), x, y)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def get_holding(self):
active_stack = self._hot_bar.get_selected_value()
active_item = active_stack.get_item() if active_stack else self._hands
effective_item = active_item if active_item.can_attack(
) else self._hands
return active_item, effective_item
def check_target(self):
# select target block, if possible
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
pixel_range = active_item.get_attack_range(
) * self._world.get_cell_expanse()
self._target_in_range = positions_in_range(self._player.get_position(),
self._target_position,
pixel_range)
def _mouse_move(self, event):
self._target_position = event.x, event.y
self.check_target()
def _left_click(self, event):
# Invariant: (event.x, event.y) == self._target_position
# => Due to mouse move setting target position to cursor
x, y = self._target_position
mobs = self._world.get_mobs(x, y, 2.0)
for mob in mobs:
if mob.get_id() is "friendly_sheep":
print('Dropped block, wool')
physical = DroppedItem(create_item("wool"))
# this is so bleh
x0 = x - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
y0 = y - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
self._world.add_item(physical, x0, y0)
elif mob.get_id() is "foe_bee":
print(f"{self._player} attack a bee,damage 1 hit")
mob.attack(True)
self._player.change_health(-1)
if self._player.get_health() <= 0:
self._restart()
if mob.is_dead:
print("A bee is deaded")
self._world.remove_mob(mob)
target = self._world.get_thing(x, y)
if not target:
return
if self._target_in_range:
block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if block:
self.mine_block(block, x, y)
def _trigger_crafting(self, craft_type):
print(f"Crafting with {craft_type}")
if craft_type in ("basic", "crafting_table", "furnace"):
if craft_type == "basic":
crafter = GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_2x2)
elif craft_type == "crafting_table":
crafter = GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_3x3, rows=3, columns=3)
elif craft_type == "furnace":
crafter = GridCrafter(SMELTING_RECIPES_1x2, rows=1, columns=2)
self._crafting_window = CraftingWindow(
self._master,
"Smelt",
self._hot_bar,
self._inventory,
crafter,
mode="smelting" if craft_type == "furnace" else "normal")
def run_effect(self, effect):
if len(effect) == 2:
if effect[0] == "crafting":
craft_type = effect[1]
if craft_type == "basic":
print("Can't craft much on a 2x2 grid :/")
elif craft_type == "crafting_table":
print("Let's get our kraft on! King of the brands")
elif craft_type == "furnace":
print("Let's smelting by yourself")
self._trigger_crafting(craft_type)
return
elif effect[0] in ("food", "health"):
stat, strength = effect
print(f"Gaining {strength} {stat}!")
getattr(self._player, f"change_{stat}")(strength)
return
raise KeyError(f"No effect defined for {effect}")
def _right_click(self, event):
print("Right click")
x, y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_thing(x, y)
if target:
# use this thing
print(f'using {target}')
effect = target.use()
print(f'used {target} and got {effect}')
if effect:
self.run_effect(effect)
else:
# place active item
selected = self._hot_bar.get_selected()
if not selected:
return
stack = self._hot_bar[selected]
drops = stack.get_item().place()
stack.subtract(1)
if stack.get_quantity() == 0:
# remove from hotbar
self._hot_bar[selected] = None
if not drops:
return
# handling multiple drops would be somewhat finicky, so prevent it
if len(drops) > 1:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Cannot handle dropping more than 1 thing")
drop_category, drop_types = drops[0]
x, y = event.x, event.y
if drop_category == "block":
existing_block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if not existing_block:
self._world.add_block(create_block(drop_types[0]), x, y)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Automatically placing a block nearby if the target cell is full is not yet implemented"
)
elif drop_category == "effect":
self.run_effect(drop_types)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def _activate_item(self, index):
print(f"Activating {index}")
self._hot_bar.toggle_selection((0, index))
def _handle_player_collide_item(self, player: Player,
dropped_item: DroppedItem, data,
arbiter: pymunk.Arbiter):
"""Callback to handle collision between the player and a (dropped) item. If the player has sufficient space in
their to pick up the item, the item will be removed from the game world.
Parameters:
player (Player): The player that was involved in the collision
dropped_item (DroppedItem): The (dropped) item that the player collided with
data (dict): data that was added with this collision handler (see data parameter in
World.add_collision_handler)
arbiter (pymunk.Arbiter): Data about a collision
(see http://www.pymunk.org/en/latest/pymunk.html#pymunk.Arbiter)
NOTE: you probably won't need this
Return:
bool: False (always ignore this type of collision)
(more generally, collision callbacks return True iff the collision should be considered valid; i.e.
returning False makes the world ignore the collision)
"""
item = dropped_item.get_item()
if self._hot_bar.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the hotbar")
elif self._inventory.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the inventory")
else:
print(f"Found 1 {item!r}, but both hotbar & inventory are full")
return True
self._world.remove_item(dropped_item)
return False
def _handle_player_collide_mob(self, player: Player, mob: Mob, data,
arbiter: pymunk.Arbiter):
"""Callback to handle collision between the player and a mob. If the player meet a bee,
the player will get 1 hit.
Parameters:
player (Player): The player that was involved in the collision
mob (Mob): The mob that the player collided with
data (dict): data that was added with this collision handler (see data parameter in
World.add_collision_handler)
arbiter (pymunk.Arbiter): Data about a collision
(see http://www.pymunk.org/en/latest/pymunk.html#pymunk.Arbiter)
NOTE: you probably won't need this
Return:
bool: False (always ignore this type of collision)
(more generally, collision callbacks return True iff the collision should be considered valid; i.e.
returning False makes the world ignore the collision)
"""
if mob.get_id() == "foe_bee":
print(f"{self._player} touch a bee,get 1 damage")
self._player.change_health(-1)
if self._player.get_health() <= 0:
self._restart()
class Ninedraft:
"""High-level app class for Ninedraft, a 2d sandbox game"""
def __init__(self, master):
"""Constructor
Parameters:
master (tk.Tk): tkinter root widget
"""
self._master = master
self._world = World((GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT), BLOCK_SIZE)
load_simple_world(self._world)
self._player = Player()
self._world.add_player(self._player, 250, 150)
self._world.add_collision_handler("player", "item", on_begin=self._handle_player_collide_item)
self._hot_bar = SelectableGrid(rows=1, columns=10)
self._hot_bar.select((0, 0))
starting_hotbar = [
Stack(create_item("dirt"), 20),
Stack(create_item("apple"), 4),
Stack(create_item("pickaxe","diamond"),1),
Stack(create_item("axe","iron"),1),
Stack(create_item("crafting_table"),1)
]
for i, item in enumerate(starting_hotbar):
self._hot_bar[0, i] = item
self._hands = create_item('hands')
starting_inventory = [
((1, 5), Stack(create_item('dirt'), 10)),
((0, 2), Stack(create_item('wood'), 10)),
((2, 5), Stack(create_item('stick'), 4)),
((0, 0), Stack(create_item('stone'), 10)),
]
self._inventory = Grid(rows=3, columns=10)
for position, stack in starting_inventory:
self._inventory[position] = stack
self._crafting_window = None
self._master.bind("e",
lambda e: self.run_effect(('crafting', 'basic')))
self._view = GameView(master, self._world.get_pixel_size(), WorldViewRouter(BLOCK_COLOURS, ITEM_COLOURS))
self._view.pack()
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Bind mouse events here
# ...
self._view.bind('<Motion>', self._mouse_move)
self._view.bind('<Leave>', self._mouse_leave)
self._view.bind('<Button-1>', self._left_click)
# For a Macbook, without a mouse to do a right click
self._view.bind('<Button-2>', self._right_click)
# For normal devices, with a mouse to do a right click
self._view.bind('<Button-3>', self._right_click)
# Task 1.3: Create instance of StatusView here
# ...
self._status_view = StatusView(self._master)
self._status_view.pack(side=tk.TOP)
self._hot_bar_view = ItemGridView(master, self._hot_bar.get_size())
self._hot_bar_view.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind to space bar for jumping here
# ...
self._master.bind("<space>", lambda e: self._jump())
self._master.bind("a", lambda e: self._move(-1,0))
self._master.bind("<Left>", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("d", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Right>", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("s", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
self._master.bind("<Down>", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind numbers to hotbar activation here
# ...
# Do selection or deselection with keys from 1 to 9.
for key_number in range(1,10):
self._master.bind(str(key_number),lambda e ,key=key_number: self._activate_item(key-1))
# 0 controls the last cell of the hotbar
self._master.bind("0",lambda e:self._activate_item((9)))
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Add file menu here
# ...
self._menubar = tk.Menu(master)
master.config(menu=self._menubar)
self._filemenu = tk.Menu(self._menubar)
# restart or exit the game through the menu
self._filemenu.add_command(label="New Game",command = self.message_box_restart)
self._filemenu.add_command(label="Exit",command = self.message_box_exit)
self._menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu = self._filemenu)
# exit the game when trying to close the window
self._master.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.message_box_exit)
self._target_in_range = False
self._target_position = 0, 0
self.redraw()
self.step()
def message_box_exit(self):
"""Exit the game if you choose yes and do nothing if you choose no."""
exit = messagebox.askyesno("Exit","Would you like to exit the game?")
if exit == True:
self._master.destroy()
def restart_the_game(self):
"""Reset the game"""
# reset the world
self._world = World((GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT), BLOCK_SIZE)
load_simple_world(self._world)
# reset the player
self._player = Player()
self._world.add_player(self._player, 250, 150)
self._world.add_collision_handler("player", "item", on_begin=self._handle_player_collide_item)
# reset the hotbar
self._hot_bar = SelectableGrid(rows=1, columns=10)
self._hot_bar.select((0, 0))
starting_hotbar = [
Stack(create_item("dirt"), 20),
Stack(create_item("apple"), 4),
Stack(create_item("pickaxe", "diamond"), 1),
Stack(create_item("axe", "iron"), 1),
Stack(create_item("crafting_table"), 1)
]
for i, item in enumerate(starting_hotbar):
self._hot_bar[0, i] = item
self._hands = create_item('hands')
# reset the inventory
starting_inventory = [
((1, 5), Stack(create_item('dirt'), 10)),
((0, 2), Stack(create_item('wood'), 10)),
((2, 5), Stack(create_item('stick'), 4)),
((0, 0), Stack(create_item('stone'),10)),
]
self._inventory = Grid(rows=3, columns=10)
for position, stack in starting_inventory:
self._inventory[position] = stack
def message_box_restart(self):
"""Restart the game if you choose yes and do nothing if you choose no."""
restart = messagebox.askyesno("New Game", "Would you like to start a new game?")
if restart == True:
self.restart_the_game()
def message_box_restart_for_death(self):
"""If you die, restart the game if you choose yes and exit the game if you choose no."""
restart = messagebox.askyesno("New Game", "You die!!!! Would you like to start a new game?")
if restart == True:
self.restart_the_game()
else:
self._master.destroy()
def redraw(self):
self._view.delete(tk.ALL)
# physical things
self._view.draw_physical(self._world.get_all_things())
# target
target_x, target_y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_block(target_x, target_y)
cursor_position = self._world.grid_to_xy_centre(*self._world.xy_to_grid(target_x, target_y))
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Show/hide target here
# ...
self._view.show_target(self._player.get_position(), cursor_position)
if not self._target_in_range:
self._view.hide_target()
# Task 1.3 StatusView: Update StatusView values here
# ...
self._status_view.set_health(self._player.get_health())
self._status_view.set_food(self._player.get_food())
# hot bar
self._hot_bar_view.render(self._hot_bar.items(), self._hot_bar.get_selected())
def step(self):
data = GameData(self._world, self._player)
self._world.step(data)
self.redraw()
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Handle the player's death if necessary
# ...
if self._player.get_health() == 0:
self.message_box_restart_for_death()
self._master.after(15, self.step)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.check_target()
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
self._player.set_velocity((velocity.x + dx * 80, velocity.y + dy * 80))
def _jump(self):
self.check_target()
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
# Task 1.2: Update the player's velocity here
# ...
self._player.set_velocity((velocity.x * 0.8, velocity.y -200))
def mine_block(self, block, x, y):
luck = random.random()
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
was_item_suitable, was_attack_successful = block.mine(effective_item, active_item, luck)
effective_item.attack(was_attack_successful)
if block.is_mined():
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Reduce the player's food/health appropriately
# ...
if self._player.get_food() > 0:
self._player.change_food(-1.0)
else:
self._player.change_health(-1.0)
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Remove the block from the world & get its drops
# ...
self._world.remove_block(block)
drops = block.get_drops(luck, was_item_suitable)
if not drops:
return
x0, y0 = block.get_position()
for i, (drop_category, drop_types) in enumerate(drops):
print(f'Dropped {drop_category}, {drop_types}')
if drop_category == "item":
physical = DroppedItem(create_item(*drop_types))
# this is so bleh
x = x0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (i % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
y = y0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + ((i // 3) % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
self._world.add_item(physical, x, y)
elif drop_category == "block":
self._world.add_block(create_block(*drop_types), x, y)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def get_holding(self):
active_stack = self._hot_bar.get_selected_value()
active_item = active_stack.get_item() if active_stack else self._hands
effective_item = active_item if active_item.can_attack() else self._hands
return active_item, effective_item
def check_target(self):
# select target block, if possible
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
pixel_range = active_item.get_attack_range() * self._world.get_cell_expanse()
self._target_in_range = positions_in_range(self._player.get_position(),
self._target_position,
pixel_range)
def _mouse_move(self, event):
self._target_position = event.x, event.y
self.check_target()
def _mouse_leave(self, event):
self._target_in_range = False
def _left_click(self, event):
# Invariant: (event.x, event.y) == self._target_position
# => Due to mouse move setting target position to cursor
x, y = self._target_position
if self._target_in_range:
block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if block:
self.mine_block(block, x, y)
def _trigger_crafting(self, craft_type):
print(f"Crafting with {craft_type}")
# Initialise the crafting window
if craft_type == "basic":
crafter = GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_2x2)
self.crafter_window = CraftingWindow(self._master, "Basic Crafter", self._hot_bar, self._inventory,crafter)
# close the crafting window by pressing "e"
self.crafter_window.bind("e",
lambda e: self.crafter_window.destroy())
# Initialise the crafting table
elif craft_type == "crafting_table":
crafter = GridCrafter(CRAFTING_RECIPES_3x3,rows=3,columns=3)
self.crafter_window = CraftingWindow(self._master,"Advanced Crafter", self._hot_bar, self._inventory, crafter)
# close the crafting window by pressing "e"
self.crafter_window.bind("e",
lambda e: self.crafter_window.destroy())
def run_effect(self, effect):
if len(effect) == 2:
if effect[0] == "crafting":
craft_type = effect[1]
if craft_type == "basic":
print("Can't craft much on a 2x2 grid :/")
elif craft_type == "crafting_table":
print("Let's get our kraft® on! King of the brands")
self._trigger_crafting(craft_type)
return
elif effect[0] in ("food", "health"):
if self._player.get_food() < self._player.get_max_food():
stat, strength = effect
print(f"Gaining {strength} {stat}!")
getattr(self._player, f"change_{stat}")(strength)
elif self._player.get_food() == self._player.get_max_food() and self._player.get_health() < self._player.get_max_food():
stat, strength = effect
stat = 'health'
print(f"Gaining {strength} {stat}!")
getattr(self._player, f"change_{stat}")(strength)
return
raise KeyError(f"No effect defined for {effect}")
def _right_click(self, event):
print("Right click")
x, y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_thing(x, y)
if target:
# use this thing
print(f'using {target}')
effect = target.use()
print(f'used {target} and got {effect}')
if effect:
self.run_effect(effect)
else:
# place active item
selected = self._hot_bar.get_selected()
if not selected:
return
stack = self._hot_bar[selected]
drops = stack.get_item().place()
stack.subtract(1)
if stack.get_quantity() == 0:
# remove from hotbar
self._hot_bar[selected] = None
if not drops:
return
# handling multiple drops would be somewhat finicky, so prevent it
if len(drops) > 1:
raise NotImplementedError("Cannot handle dropping more than 1 thing")
drop_category, drop_types = drops[0]
x, y = event.x, event.y
if drop_category == "block":
existing_block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if not existing_block:
self._world.add_block(create_block(drop_types[0]), x, y)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Automatically placing a block nearby if the target cell is full is not yet implemented")
elif drop_category == "effect":
self.run_effect(drop_types)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def _activate_item(self, index):
print(f"Activating {index}")
self._hot_bar.toggle_selection((0, index))
def _handle_player_collide_item(self, player: Player, dropped_item: DroppedItem, data,
arbiter: pymunk.Arbiter):
"""Callback to handle collision between the player and a (dropped) item. If the player has sufficient space in
their to pick up the item, the item will be removed from the game world.
Parameters:
player (Player): The player that was involved in the collision
dropped_item (DroppedItem): The (dropped) item that the player collided with
data (dict): data that was added with this collision handler (see data parameter in
World.add_collision_handler)
arbiter (pymunk.Arbiter): Data about a collision
(see http://www.pymunk.org/en/latest/pymunk.html#pymunk.Arbiter)
NOTE: you probably won't need this
Return:
bool: False (always ignore this type of collision)
(more generally, collision callbacks return True iff the collision should be considered valid; i.e.
returning False makes the world ignore the collision)
"""
item = dropped_item.get_item()
if self._hot_bar.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the hotbar")
elif self._inventory.add_item(item):
print(f"Added 1 {item!r} to the inventory")
else:
print(f"Found 1 {item!r}, but both hotbar & inventory are full")
return True
self._world.remove_item(dropped_item)
return False
class Ninedraft:
def __init__(self, master):
self._world = World((GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT), BLOCK_SIZE)
load_simple_world(self._world)
self._master = master
self._master.title(gameTitle)
self._player = Player()
self._world.add_player(self._player, 250, 150)
self._world.add_collision_handler(
"player", "item", on_begin=self._handle_player_collide_item)
self._hot_bar = SelectableGrid(rows=1, columns=10)
self._hot_bar.select((0, 0))
starting_hotbar = [Stack(create_item("dirt"), 20)]
for i, item in enumerate(starting_hotbar):
self._hot_bar[0, i] = item
self._hands = create_item('hands')
starting_inventory = [
((1, 5), Stack(Item('oak_wood'), 1)),
((0, 2), Stack(Item('birch_wood'), 1)),
]
self._inventory = Grid(rows=3, columns=10)
for position, stack in starting_inventory:
self._inventory[position] = stack
self._crafting_window = None
self._master.bind("e", lambda e: self.run_effect(
('crafting', 'basic')))
self._view = GameView(master, self._world.get_pixel_size(),
WorldViewRouter())
self._view.pack()
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Bind mouse events here
self._view.bind("<Button-1>", self._left_click)
# Note that <Button-2> symbolises middle click.
self._view.bind("<Button-3>", self._right_click)
self._view.bind("<Motion>", self._mouse_move)
# Task 1.3: Create instance of StatusView here
# ...
self._hot_bar_view = ItemGridView(master, self._hot_bar.get_size())
self._hot_bar_view.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind to space bar for jumping here
# ...
self._master.bind("a", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Left>", lambda e: self._move(-1, 0))
self._master.bind("d", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("<Right>", lambda e: self._move(1, 0))
self._master.bind("s", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
self._master.bind("<Down>", lambda e: self._move(0, 1))
# Task 1.5 Keyboard Controls: Bind numbers to hotbar activation here
# ...
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Add file menu here
# ...
self._target_in_range = False
self._target_position = 0, 0
self.redraw()
self.step()
def redraw(self):
# TODO: cache items internally to improve efficiency
self._view.delete(tk.ALL)
# physical things
self._view.draw_physical(self._world.get_all_things())
# target
target_x, target_y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_block(target_x, target_y)
cursor_position = self._world.grid_to_xy_centre(
*self._world.xy_to_grid(target_x, target_y))
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Show/hide target here
# GameView.show_target(player_position, cursor_position)
# Task 1.3 StatusView: Update StatusView values here
# ...
# hot bar
self._hot_bar_view.render(self._hot_bar.items(),
self._hot_bar.get_selected())
def step(self):
# TODO: pass effects...
self._world.step()
self.check_target()
self.redraw()
# Task 1.6 File Menu & Dialogs: Handle the player's death if necessary
self._master.after(15, self.step)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
self._player.set_velocity((velocity.x + dx * 80, velocity.y + dy * 80))
def _jump(self):
velocity = self._player.get_velocity()
# Task 1.4 Keyboard Controls: Update the player's velocity here
# ...
def mine_block(self, block, x, y):
luck = random.random()
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
was_item_suitable, was_attack_successful = block.mine(
effective_item, active_item, luck)
effective_item.attack(was_attack_successful)
if block.is_mined():
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Reduce the player's food/health appropriately
# You may select what you believe is an appropriate amount by
# which to reduce the food or health.
# ...
self._world.remove_block(block)
# Task 1.2 Mouse Controls: Get what the block drops.
# ...
if not block.get_drops(random.randrange(0, 10, 1) / 10, True):
# luck, break_result
return
x0, y0 = block.get_position()
for i, (drop_category, drop_types) in enumerate(
block.get_drops(random.randrange(0, 10, 1) / 10, True)):
print(f'Dropped {drop_category}, {drop_types}')
if drop_category == "item":
physical = DroppedItem(create_item(*drop_types))
# TODO: this is so bleh
x = x0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
i % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
y = y0 - BLOCK_SIZE // 2 + 5 + (
(i // 3) % 3) * 11 + random.randint(0, 2)
self._world.add_item(physical, x, y)
elif drop_category == "block":
self._world.add_block(create_block(*drop_types), x, y)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def get_holding(self):
active_stack = self._hot_bar.get_selected_value()
active_item = active_stack.get_item() if active_stack else self._hands
effective_item = active_item if active_item.can_attack(
) else self._hands
return active_item, effective_item
def check_target(self):
# select target block, if possible
active_item, effective_item = self.get_holding()
pixel_range = active_item.get_attack_range(
) * self._world.get_cell_expanse()
self._target_in_range = positions_in_range(self._player.get_position(),
self._target_position,
pixel_range)
def _mouse_move(self, event):
self._target_position = event.x, event.y
self.check_target()
def _left_click(self, event):
print("Left click")
# Invariant: (event.x, event.y) == self._target_position
# => Due to mouse move setting target position to cursor
x, y = self._target_position
if self._target_in_range:
block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if block:
print("t")
self.mine_block(block, x, y)
def _trigger_crafting(self, craft_type):
print(f"Crafting with {craft_type}")
def run_effect(self, effect):
if len(effect) == 2:
if effect[0] == "crafting":
craft_type = effect[1]
if craft_type == "basic":
print("Can't craft much on a 2x2 grid :/")
elif craft_type == "crafting_table":
print("Let's get our kraft® on! King of the brands")
self._trigger_crafting(craft_type)
return
elif effect[0] in ("food", "health"):
stat, strength = effect
print(f"Gaining {strength} {stat}!")
getattr(self._player, f"change_{stat}")(strength)
return
raise KeyError(f"No effect defined for {effect}")
def _right_click(self, event):
print("Right click")
x, y = self._target_position
target = self._world.get_thing(x, y)
if target:
# use this thing
print(f'using {target}')
effect = target.use()
print(f'used {target} and got {effect}')
if effect:
self.run_effect(effect)
else:
# place active item
item = self._hot_bar.get_selected_value().get_item()
if not item:
return
drops = item.place()
if not drops:
return
# TODO: handle multiple drops
if len(drops) > 1:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Cannot handle dropping more than 1 thing")
drop_category, drop_types = drops[0]
x, y = event.x, event.y
if drop_category == "block":
existing_block = self._world.get_block(x, y)
if not existing_block:
self._world.add_block(create_block(drop_types[0]), x, y)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Automatically placing a block nearby if the target cell is full is not yet implemented"
)
elif drop_category == "effect":
self.run_effect(drop_types)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown drop category {drop_category}")
def _activate_item(self, index):
print(f"Activating {index}")
self._hot_bar.toggle_selection((0, index))
def _handle_player_collide_item(self, player: Player, item: DroppedItem,
data, arbiter: pymunk.Arbiter):
"""Callback to handle collision between the player and a (dropped) item. If the player has sufficient space in
their to pick up the item, the item will be removed from the game world.
Parameters:
player (Player): The player that was involved in the collision
item (DroppedItem): The (dropped) item that the player collided with
data (dict): data that was added with this collision handler (see data parameter in
World.add_collision_handler)
arbiter (pymunk.Arbiter): Data about a collision
(see http://www.pymunk.org/en/latest/pymunk.html#pymunk.Arbiter)
NOTE: you probably won't need this
Return:
bool: False (always ignore this type of collision)
(more generally, collision callbacks return True iff the collision should be considered valid; i.e.
returning False makes the world ignore the collision)
"""
if self._inventory.add_item(item.get_item()):
print(f"Picked up a {item!r}")
self._world.remove_item(item)
return False