def rank_origins(origins, destinations):
p('debug', 'Ranking origins: %s' % origins)
midpoint_origins = midpoint(origins)
midpoint_destinations = midpoint(destinations)
hub_route = Segment(midpoint_origins, midpoint_destinations)
for origin in origins:
AC = Segment(midpoint_origins, origin)
orthogonal_heading = hub_route.get_initial_bearing() + 90
(a, b) = project_segment(
abs(orthogonal_heading - AC.get_initial_bearing()),
AC.get_length())
projection = midpoint_origins.get_position(orthogonal_heading, a)
midpoint_to_projection = Segment(midpoint_origins, projection)
angle = abs(hub_route.get_initial_bearing() -
midpoint_to_projection.get_initial_bearing())
if abs(angle - 90) < 0.1:
distance = -1 * midpoint_to_projection.get_length()
else:
distance = midpoint_to_projection.get_length()
origin.distance_to_midpoint = distance
return sorted(origins, key=lambda point: point.distance_to_midpoint)
def arrive(self):
"""Placeholder for the aircraft's arrival."""
self.position = self.route.waypoints[0]
self.waypoints_passed.append(self.position)
p('Deleting waypoint %s from %s due to %s of aircraft %s' %\
(self.position, self.route, 'arrival', self))
del self.route.waypoints[0]
def handle_lock(event):
"""Upon lock, find a formation (if exists) for current aircraft."""
aircraft = event.sender
global allocator
# Find the formation having self.
formation = allocator.find_formation(aircraft)
# If no formation is possible
if formation is None or not len(formation) > 1:
p('No formation was possible: %s' % formation)
return
# If a formation was found, aircraft is no longer a candidate
allocator.remove_aircraft(aircraft)
# Register which hub this formation belongs to
formation.hub = formation[0].hub
p('Formation init: %s' % formation)
# Remove 'enter-lock-area' events for all buddies
sim.events = filter(
lambda e: e.label != 'enter-lock-area' or e.sender not in formation,
sim.events)
# Prevent buddies from being allocated somewhere else.
for buddy in formation:
# Self was already removed
if buddy is not aircraft:
allocator.remove_aircraft(buddy)
global synchronizer
synchronizer.synchronize(formation)
def rank_origins(origins, destinations):
p('debug', 'Ranking origins: %s' % origins)
midpoint_origins = midpoint(origins)
midpoint_destinations = midpoint(destinations)
hub_route = Segment(midpoint_origins, midpoint_destinations)
for origin in origins:
AC = Segment(midpoint_origins, origin)
orthogonal_heading = hub_route.get_initial_bearing() + 90
(a, b) = project_segment(
abs(orthogonal_heading - AC.get_initial_bearing()),
AC.get_length()
)
projection = midpoint_origins.get_position(
orthogonal_heading, a
)
midpoint_to_projection = Segment(
midpoint_origins,
projection
)
angle = abs(
hub_route.get_initial_bearing() -
midpoint_to_projection.get_initial_bearing()
)
if abs(angle - 90) < 0.1:
distance = -1 * midpoint_to_projection.get_length()
else:
distance = midpoint_to_projection.get_length()
origin.distance_to_midpoint = distance
return sorted(origins, key = lambda point: point.distance_to_midpoint)
def handle_departure(event):
"""Adds the aircraft to the candidate stack and schedules lock event."""
aircraft = event.sender
global allocator
# Register which hub this aircraft will fly to
aircraft.hub = aircraft.route.waypoints[0]
#assert aircraft.time_to_waypoint() > config.lock_time
# If the origin lies within the hub lock area, the aircraft cannot
# reach cruise before reaching the hub, so instead we ignore it altogether
# and tell it to fly directly to its destination instead of via the hub.
if (aircraft.time_to_waypoint() < config.lock_time):
# Reset the aircraft route
aircraft.route.waypoints = [aircraft.position, aircraft.destination]
aircraft.route.init_segments()
aircraft.controller.calibrate()
aircraft.is_excluded = True
p('warning', ('Excluded from flying to the hub: %s' % (aircraft)))
return
allocator.add_aircraft(aircraft)
sim.events.append(
sim.Event(
'enter-lock-area',
aircraft,
# If aircraft departs from within lock area, set lock time to now
sim.time + max(aircraft.time_to_waypoint() - config.lock_time, 0)))
def handle_lock(event):
"""Upon lock, find a formation (if exists) for current aircraft."""
aircraft = event.sender
global allocator
# Find the formation having self.
formation = allocator.find_formation(aircraft)
# If no formation is possible
if formation is None or not len(formation) > 1:
p('No formation was possible: %s' % formation)
return
# If a formation was found, aircraft is no longer a candidate
allocator.remove_aircraft(aircraft)
# Register which hub this formation belongs to
formation.hub = formation[0].hub
p('Formation init: %s' % formation)
# Remove 'enter-lock-area' events for all buddies
sim.events = filter(lambda e: e.label != 'enter-lock-area' or
e.sender not in formation, sim.events)
# Prevent buddies from being allocated somewhere else.
for buddy in formation:
# Self was already removed
if buddy is not aircraft:
allocator.remove_aircraft(buddy)
global synchronizer
synchronizer.synchronize(formation)
def schedule_departure(self):
p('Scheduling departure of %s at %s. Waypoint: %s' %
(self.aircraft, self.aircraft.departure_time,
self.aircraft.route.waypoints[0]))
self.add_event(
sim.Event('aircraft-depart', self.aircraft,
self.aircraft.departure_time))
def arrive(self):
"""Placeholder for the aircraft's arrival."""
self.position = self.route.waypoints[0]
self.waypoints_passed.append(self.position)
p('Deleting waypoint %s from %s due to %s of aircraft %s' %\
(self.position, self.route, 'arrival', self))
del self.route.waypoints[0]
def depart(self):
"""Sets the current position and increments to the first waypoint."""
self.position = self.route.waypoints[0]
self.waypoints_passed.append(self.position)
p('Deleting waypoint %s from %s due to %s of aircraft %s' %\
(self.position, self.route, 'departure', self))
del self.route.waypoints[0]
def depart(self):
"""Sets the current position and increments to the first waypoint."""
self.position = self.route.waypoints[0]
self.waypoints_passed.append(self.position)
p('Deleting waypoint %s from %s due to %s of aircraft %s' %\
(self.position, self.route, 'departure', self))
del self.route.waypoints[0]
def at_waypoint(self):
"""Sets the current position and increments to the next segment."""
self.position = self.route.waypoints[0]
self.waypoints_passed.append(self.position)
p('Deleting waypoint %s from %s due to %s of aircraft %s' %\
(self.position, self.route, 'waypoint-reach', self))
del self.route.waypoints[0]
del self.route.segments[0]
def at_waypoint(self):
"""Sets the current position and increments to the next segment."""
self.position = self.route.waypoints[0]
self.waypoints_passed.append(self.position)
p('Deleting waypoint %s from %s due to %s of aircraft %s' %\
(self.position, self.route, 'waypoint-reach', self))
del self.route.waypoints[0]
del self.route.segments[0]
def w(d, W, model):
result = W * (1 - math.exp(-d * model['c_T'] / (model['V'] * model['L_D'])))
p('validate', 'Calculating fuel burned.')
p('validate', 'Distance: %.2f' % d)
p('validate', 'Starting weight: %.2f' % W)
p('validate', 'Result: %d' % result)
p('validate', '===========================')
return result
def w(d, W, model):
result = W * (1 - math.exp(-d * model['c_T'] /
(model['V'] * model['L_D'])))
p('validate', 'Calculating fuel burned.')
p('validate', 'Distance: %.2f' % d)
p('validate', 'Starting weight: %.2f' % W)
p('validate', 'Result: %d' % result)
p('validate', '===========================')
return result
def schedule_waypoint(self):
self.aircraft.waypoint_eta = sim.time + self.aircraft.time_to_waypoint(
)
p('Schedule waypoint-arrive. WP: %s. ETA: %d. Aircraft: %s' %
(self.aircraft.route.waypoints[0], self.aircraft.waypoint_eta,
self.aircraft))
self.add_event(
sim.Event('aircraft-at-waypoint', self.aircraft,
self.aircraft.waypoint_eta))
def time_to_waypoint(self):
"""Calculates the time left to fly to the current waypoint."""
waypoint = self.route.waypoints[0]
distance = self.position.distance_to(waypoint)
ttwp = distance / self.speed
p('Time to waypoint %s (d=%d, curtime=%d) for aircraft %s (v=%s, pos=%s) = %d'
% ('%s {%d, %d}' % (waypoint, waypoint.lat, waypoint.lon), distance,
sim.time, self, self.speed, '{%d, %d}' %
(self.position.lat, self.position.lon), ttwp))
return ttwp
def schedule_departure(self):
p('Scheduling departure of %s at %s. Waypoint: %s' % (
self.aircraft,
self.aircraft.departure_time,
self.aircraft.route.waypoints[0]
))
self.add_event(sim.Event(
'aircraft-depart',
self.aircraft,
self.aircraft.departure_time
))
def handle_waypoint(event):
aircraft = event.sender
aircraft.at_waypoint()
p('Aircraft at waypoint: %s (%s)' % (
aircraft.position,
aircraft
))
p('Need to calibrate aircraft %s (%s)' % (
aircraft, aircraft.route
))
aircraft.controller.calibrate()
def heading_filter(buddy):
segment = Segment(buddy.hub, buddy.destination)
buddy_heading = segment.get_initial_bearing()
phi_obs = abs(leader_heading - buddy_heading)
p(
'debug',
'delta phi observed for %s (phi: %.2f) against %s (phi: %.2f)'
': %.2f degrees' %
(aircraft, leader_heading, buddy, buddy_heading, phi_obs))
return phi_obs <= (config.phi_max / 2)
def schedule_waypoint(self):
self.aircraft.waypoint_eta = sim.time + self.aircraft.time_to_waypoint()
p('Schedule waypoint-arrive. WP: %s. ETA: %d. Aircraft: %s' % (
self.aircraft.route.waypoints[0],
self.aircraft.waypoint_eta,
self.aircraft
))
self.add_event(sim.Event(
'aircraft-at-waypoint',
self.aircraft,
self.aircraft.waypoint_eta
))
def update_position(self):
"""Calculates the position of the aircraft according to the simtime"""
# Assume that the flight has been properly set up with a hub.
assert len(self.aircraft.route.segments) > 0
flight_time = sim.time - self.aircraft.departure_time
distance_flown = flight_time * self.aircraft.speed
segment = self.aircraft.route.segments[0]
new_pos = segment.start.get_position(bearing=segment.initial_bearing,
distance=distance_flown)
p('Updating position of %s from %s to %s (d_flown=%d, flt_time=%d)' %
('%s (%s)' % (self.aircraft, self.aircraft.route.segments),
self.aircraft.position, new_pos, distance_flown, flight_time))
self.aircraft.position = new_pos
def heading_filter(buddy):
segment = Segment(buddy.hub, buddy.destination)
buddy_heading = segment.get_initial_bearing()
phi_obs = abs(leader_heading - buddy_heading)
p(
'debug',
'delta phi observed for %s (phi: %.2f) against %s (phi: %.2f)'
': %.2f degrees' % (
aircraft, leader_heading, buddy, buddy_heading, phi_obs
)
)
return phi_obs <= (config.phi_max/2)
def schedule_arrival(self):
self.aircraft.arrival_time = sim.time + self.aircraft.time_to_waypoint(
)
p('Scheduling arrival of aircraft %s at destination %s at time %s' %\
(
self.aircraft,
self.aircraft.destination,
self.aircraft.arrival_time,
))
self.add_event(
sim.Event('aircraft-arrive', self.aircraft,
self.aircraft.arrival_time))
def time_to_waypoint(self):
"""Calculates the time left to fly to the current waypoint."""
waypoint = self.route.waypoints[0]
distance = self.position.distance_to(waypoint)
ttwp = distance / self.speed
p('Time to waypoint %s (d=%d, curtime=%d) for aircraft %s (v=%s, pos=%s) = %d' % (
'%s {%d, %d}' % (waypoint, waypoint.lat, waypoint.lon),
distance, sim.time, self, self.speed, '{%d, %d}' % (
self.position.lat,
self.position.lon
), ttwp
))
return ttwp
def schedule_arrival(self):
self.aircraft.arrival_time = sim.time + self.aircraft.time_to_waypoint()
p('Scheduling arrival of aircraft %s at destination %s at time %s' %\
(
self.aircraft,
self.aircraft.destination,
self.aircraft.arrival_time,
))
self.add_event(sim.Event(
'aircraft-arrive',
self.aircraft,
self.aircraft.arrival_time
))
def construct_hub(origins, destinations, Z):
midpoint_origins = midpoint(origins)
midpoint_destinations = midpoint(destinations)
hub_route = Segment(midpoint_origins, midpoint_destinations)
hub = hub_route.start.get_position(hub_route.get_initial_bearing(),
hub_route.get_length() * Z)
hub.origins = origins
hub.destinations = destinations
p('debug', 'Constructed hub at %s' % (hub))
return hub
def construct_hub(origins, destinations, Z):
midpoint_origins = midpoint(origins)
midpoint_destinations = midpoint(destinations)
hub_route = Segment(midpoint_origins, midpoint_destinations)
hub = hub_route.start.get_position(
hub_route.get_initial_bearing(),
hub_route.get_length() * Z
)
hub.origins = origins
hub.destinations = destinations
p('debug', 'Constructed hub at %s' % (hub))
return hub
def update_position(self):
"""Calculates the position of the aircraft according to the simtime"""
# Assume that the flight has been properly set up with a hub.
assert len(self.aircraft.route.segments) > 0
flight_time = sim.time - self.aircraft.departure_time
distance_flown = flight_time * self.aircraft.speed
segment = self.aircraft.route.segments[0]
new_pos = segment.start.get_position(
bearing = segment.initial_bearing,
distance = distance_flown
)
p('Updating position of %s from %s to %s (d_flown=%d, flt_time=%d)' % (
'%s (%s)' % (self.aircraft, self.aircraft.route.segments),
self.aircraft.position,
new_pos,
distance_flown,
flight_time
))
self.aircraft.position = new_pos
def distance_to(self, point):
R = Earth.R
lat1 = math.radians(self.lat)
lat2 = math.radians(point.lat)
lon1 = math.radians(self.lon)
lon2 = math.radians(point.lon)
param = \
math.sin(lat1)*math.sin(lat2)+\
math.cos(lat1)*math.cos(lat2)*\
math.cos(lon2-lon1)
# Reduce precision to avoid 1.00000000000000034734 being out of domain
param = float('%.6f' % param)
d = math.acos(param) * R
p('validate',
'Distance between %s and %s is %.2f NM' % (self, point, d))
return d
def handle_alive(event):
global vars
formation = event.sender
# We should have a hookoff point for each participant, and it should be
# the current segment
for aircraft in formation:
assert aircraft.hookoff_point
# The remaining segment should be hookoff-destination
#debug.print_object(aircraft)
assert len(aircraft.route.segments) > 0
# Let the aircraft know in which formation it belongs
aircraft.formation = formation
#assert aircraft.route.segments[0].end.coincides(
# aircraft.hookoff_point
#)
vars["formation_count"] += 1
vars['formation_aircraft_count'] += len(formation)
formation_phi = 0
for aircraft in formation:
hub_to_dest = Segment(aircraft.hub, aircraft.destination)
hub_to_hookoff = Segment(aircraft.hub, aircraft.hookoff_point)
bearing = hub_to_dest.get_initial_bearing()
formation_bearing = hub_to_hookoff.get_initial_bearing()
phi_obs = abs(bearing - formation_bearing)
p('debug', 'Aircraft %s, phi_obs: %.2f' % (aircraft, phi_obs))
#assert phi_obs <= config.phi_max
formation_phi += phi_obs
#print aircraft.route.segments[0].initial_bearing()
vars['phi_obs_sum'] += formation_phi
for aircraft in formation:
vars['Q_sum'] = vars['Q_sum'] + aircraft.Q
def handle_alive(event):
global vars
formation = event.sender
# We should have a hookoff point for each participant, and it should be
# the current segment
for aircraft in formation:
assert aircraft.hookoff_point
# The remaining segment should be hookoff-destination
#debug.print_object(aircraft)
assert len(aircraft.route.segments) > 0
# Let the aircraft know in which formation it belongs
aircraft.formation = formation
#assert aircraft.route.segments[0].end.coincides(
# aircraft.hookoff_point
#)
vars["formation_count"] += 1
vars['formation_aircraft_count'] += len(formation)
formation_phi = 0
for aircraft in formation:
hub_to_dest = Segment(aircraft.hub, aircraft.destination)
hub_to_hookoff = Segment(aircraft.hub, aircraft.hookoff_point)
bearing = hub_to_dest.get_initial_bearing()
formation_bearing = hub_to_hookoff.get_initial_bearing()
phi_obs = abs(bearing - formation_bearing)
p('debug', 'Aircraft %s, phi_obs: %.2f' % (aircraft, phi_obs))
#assert phi_obs <= config.phi_max
formation_phi += phi_obs
#print aircraft.route.segments[0].initial_bearing()
vars['phi_obs_sum'] += formation_phi
for aircraft in formation:
vars['Q_sum'] = vars['Q_sum'] + aircraft.Q
def distance_to(self, point):
R = Earth.R
lat1 = math.radians(self.lat)
lat2 = math.radians(point.lat)
lon1 = math.radians(self.lon)
lon2 = math.radians(point.lon)
param = \
math.sin(lat1)*math.sin(lat2)+\
math.cos(lat1)*math.cos(lat2)*\
math.cos(lon2-lon1)
# Reduce precision to avoid 1.00000000000000034734 being out of domain
param = float('%.6f' % param)
d = math.acos(param)*R
p('validate', 'Distance between %s and %s is %.2f NM' % (
self, point, d
))
return d
def handle_departure(event):
"""Adds the aircraft to the candidate stack and schedules lock event."""
aircraft = event.sender
global allocator
# Register which hub this aircraft will fly to
aircraft.hub = aircraft.route.waypoints[0]
#assert aircraft.time_to_waypoint() > config.lock_time
# If the origin lies within the hub lock area, the aircraft cannot
# reach cruise before reaching the hub, so instead we ignore it altogether
# and tell it to fly directly to its destination instead of via the hub.
if(aircraft.time_to_waypoint() < config.lock_time):
# Reset the aircraft route
aircraft.route.waypoints = [
aircraft.position,
aircraft.destination
]
aircraft.route.init_segments()
aircraft.controller.calibrate()
aircraft.is_excluded = True
p('warning', (
'Excluded from flying to the hub: %s' % (
aircraft
)
))
return
allocator.add_aircraft(aircraft)
sim.events.append(sim.Event(
'enter-lock-area',
aircraft,
# If aircraft departs from within lock area, set lock time to now
sim.time + max(aircraft.time_to_waypoint() - config.lock_time, 0)
))
def delay_events(self, delay):
p('Delaying all events for aircraft %s by delay = %s.' %
(self.aircraft, delay))
p('Event list before delayal: %s' % self.aircraft.events)
# Quick an dirty: expose delay for statistics.
# @todo decouple. Idea: create a separate delay event that sends the
# amount this aircraft was delayed to anybody who listens?
# In order to make this quick-and-dirty fix bug free, we can only
# delay an aircraft once in its lifetime to prevent the variable being
# overwritten by multiple calls to this methods.
assert not hasattr(self.aircraft, 'hub_delay')
self.aircraft.hub_delay = delay
if hasattr(self.aircraft, 'waypoint_eta'):
self.aircraft.waypoint_eta = self.aircraft.waypoint_eta + delay
if hasattr(self.aircraft, 'arrival_time'):
self.aircraft.arrival_time = self.aircraft.arrival_time + delay
for event in self.aircraft.events:
event.time = event.time + delay
p('Event list after delayal: %s' % self.aircraft.events)
def delay_events(self, delay):
p('Delaying all events for aircraft %s by delay = %s.' % (
self.aircraft, delay
))
p('Event list before delayal: %s' % self.aircraft.events)
# Quick an dirty: expose delay for statistics.
# @todo decouple. Idea: create a separate delay event that sends the
# amount this aircraft was delayed to anybody who listens?
# In order to make this quick-and-dirty fix bug free, we can only
# delay an aircraft once in its lifetime to prevent the variable being
# overwritten by multiple calls to this methods.
assert not hasattr(self.aircraft, 'hub_delay')
self.aircraft.hub_delay = delay
if hasattr(self.aircraft, 'waypoint_eta'):
self.aircraft.waypoint_eta = self.aircraft.waypoint_eta + delay
if hasattr(self.aircraft, 'arrival_time'):
self.aircraft.arrival_time = self.aircraft.arrival_time + delay
for event in self.aircraft.events:
event.time = event.time + delay
p('Event list after delayal: %s' % self.aircraft.events)
def get_via_stdin():
"""Set up the planes list, assume tab-separated columns via stdin.
Can be piped, example: $ cat data/flights.tsv | ./thesis.py"""
planes = []
if len(input_history) == 0:
for row in csv.reader(sys.stdin, delimiter='\t'):
input_history.append(row)
for row in input_history:
departure_time = int(row[0])
label = row[1]
waypoints = row[2].split('-')
aircraft_type = row[3]
# If a flight has been calibrated, the formation probability will be
# given. Otherwise it will be set to None.
try:
probability = float(row[4])
# Disregard row if config tells us to
if probability < config.min_P:
p(
'warning',
'Probability of row does not match criterium %s, row %s' %
(config.min_P, row))
continue
p('warning', 'Yes! Row %s can be included!' % row)
except IndexError:
probability = None
# Keep track of scheduled departure time for later retrieval
departure_time_scheduled = departure_time
# Departure times are randomly distributed
# In some rare cases (only for early aircraft) the departure time might
# become negative so we restrict it to being only positive
departure_time = departure_time +\
random.uniform(-1 * config.dt, config.dt)
departure_time = max(0, departure_time)
p('debug',
'sched: %d, real: %d' % (departure_time_scheduled, departure_time))
aircraft = Aircraft(
label=label,
route=Route([Waypoint(waypoints[0]),
Waypoint(waypoints[1])]),
departure_time=departure_time,
aircraft_type=aircraft_type)
aircraft.departure_time_scheduled = departure_time_scheduled
# If a flight has been calibrated, the formation probability will be
# given. Otherwise it will be set to None.
aircraft.probability = probability
## Find a random hub
#hub = random.choice(config.hubs),
## Find the closest hub
#hub = min(config.hubs, key = lambda x: x.distance_to(aircraft.origin))
planes.append(aircraft)
return planes
def handle_waypoint(event):
aircraft = event.sender
aircraft.at_waypoint()
p('Aircraft at waypoint: %s (%s)' % (aircraft.position, aircraft))
p('Need to calibrate aircraft %s (%s)' % (aircraft, aircraft.route))
aircraft.controller.calibrate()
def allocate(self, aircraft):
p('debug', 'Starting formation allocation for %s' % aircraft)
# Do not perform allocation if no hub exists in the flight route.
if len(aircraft.route.segments) == 0:
return
self.formations = []
intervals = []
candidates = self.aircraft_queue
hub = aircraft.route.waypoints[0]
# This is bad. We don't want to filter anything.
# @todo: pre-process at a higher level.
# Only consider other aircraft flying to the same hub
candidates = filter(lambda a: a.route.waypoints[0] is hub, candidates)
p('debug', 'Full candidate set: %s' % candidates)
# Only consider aircraft having a maximum heading difference between
# the hub and their destination
segment = Segment(aircraft.hub, aircraft.destination)
leader_heading = segment.get_initial_bearing()
def heading_filter(buddy):
segment = Segment(buddy.hub, buddy.destination)
buddy_heading = segment.get_initial_bearing()
phi_obs = abs(leader_heading - buddy_heading)
p(
'debug',
'delta phi observed for %s (phi: %.2f) against %s (phi: %.2f)'
': %.2f degrees' %
(aircraft, leader_heading, buddy, buddy_heading, phi_obs))
return phi_obs <= (config.phi_max / 2)
candidates = filter(heading_filter, candidates)
# Other interesting filters
if 'same-airline' in config.restrictions:
airline = aircraft.label[0:2]
candidates = filter(lambda a: a.label[0:2] == airline, candidates)
if 'same-aircraft-type' in config.restrictions:
aircraft_type = aircraft.aircraft_type
candidates = filter(lambda a: a.aircraft_type == aircraft_type,
candidates)
p('debug', 'Reduced candidate set: %s' % candidates)
for candidate in candidates:
# Quick and dirty: recalc position. Instead, pull eta from var.
candidate.controller.update_position()
tth = candidate.time_to_waypoint() # time to hub
hub_eta = sim.time + tth
# From the moment the aircraft enters the lock area, the slack
# decreases linearly to zero upon hub arrival.
if tth < config.lock_time:
slack = tth * config.etah_slack / config.lock_time
else:
slack = config.etah_slack
p('Time = %s, Hub (= %s) eta %s for candidate %s' %\
(sim.time, hub, hub_eta, candidate))
intervals.append(
Interval(candidate,
int(hub_eta) - slack,
int(hub_eta) + slack))
for interval_group in group(intervals):
formation = Formation()
for interval in interval_group:
formation.append(interval.obj)
self.formations.append(formation)
def render(segments):
# create new figure, axes instances.
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1,0.1,0.8,0.8], axisbg = '#a5bfdd')
llcrnrlon = config.map_dimensions['lon'][0]
urcrnrlon = config.map_dimensions['lon'][1]
llcrnrlat = config.map_dimensions['lat'][0]
urcrnrlat = config.map_dimensions['lat'][1]
# setup mercator map projection.
m = Basemap(
llcrnrlon = llcrnrlon, llcrnrlat = llcrnrlat,
urcrnrlon = urcrnrlon, urcrnrlat = urcrnrlat,
rsphere = (6378137.00,6356752.3142),
resolution = 'c', projection = 'merc',
#lat_0 = 40.,lon_0 = -20.,lat_ts = 20.
)
for segment in segments['benchmark']:
m.drawgreatcircle(segment.start.lon, segment.start.lat,
segment.end.lon, segment.end.lat,
linewidth = 1, color='#00458A')
x, y = m(segment.start.lon, segment.start.lat)
m.plot(x, y, 'bo', ms = 4)
x, y = m(segment.end.lon, segment.end.lat)
m.plot(x, y, 'bo', ms = 4)
for segment in segments['formation']:
p('geo-debug', 'Start to plot a formation trajectory')
p('geo-debug', 'Trajectory: (%s, %s) -> (%s, %s)' % (
segment.start.lon, segment.start.lat,
segment.end.lon, segment.end.lat
))
m.drawgreatcircle(segment.start.lon, segment.start.lat,
segment.end.lon, segment.end.lat,
linewidth = 1, color='g')
x, y = m(segment.start.lon, segment.start.lat)
m.plot(x, y, 'go', ms = 4)
x, y = m(segment.end.lon, segment.end.lat)
m.plot(x, y, 'go', ms = 4)
p('geo-debug', 'Done with plotting a formation trajectory')
for segment in segments['solo']:
m.drawgreatcircle(segment.start.lon, segment.start.lat,
segment.end.lon, segment.end.lat,
linewidth = 1, color='r')
x, y = m(segment.start.lon, segment.start.lat)
m.plot(x, y, 'ro', ms = 4)
x, y = m(segment.end.lon, segment.end.lat)
m.plot(x, y, 'ro', ms = 4)
m.drawcoastlines(color='#8f8457')
m.fillcontinents(color='#f5f0db')
m.drawcountries(color='#a9a06d')
m.drawparallels(config.map['parallels'], labels = [1,1,0,1])
m.drawmeridians(config.map['meridians'], labels = [1,1,0,1])
return plt, ax
def handle_arrive(event):
global vars, hubs
aircraft = event.sender
# Temporarily use one model for everything
model = copy.deepcopy(config.model)
# Also calculate the direct distance
segment = Segment(aircraft.origin, aircraft.destination)
direct = segment.get_length()
#direct = 3193 #temp overwrite for validation
p('validate', 'Distance direct for %s is %dNM' % (
aircraft, direct
))
p('validate', 'Getting the benchmark fuel')
vars['distance_direct'] += direct
vars['fuel_direct'] += get_fuel_burned_during_cruise(direct, model)
p('validate', 'OK, we have the benchmark fuel now')
hub = aircraft.hub
assert hub in config.hubs
# Sometimes (especially with very low Z and high L) aircraft are excluded
# from formation flight due to the origin being within the lock area.
if hasattr(aircraft, 'is_excluded') and aircraft.is_excluded:
vars['distance_solo'] += direct
vars['fuel_actual'] += get_fuel_burned_during_cruise(direct, model)
return
#key = 'flight_count_%s' % hub
#if key not in vars:
# vars[key] = 0
#vars[key] = vars[key] + 1
# Aircraft always fly solo to the hub
segment = Segment(aircraft.origin, hub)
origin_to_hub = segment.get_length()
p('Distance origin_to_hub for %s is %dNM' % (
aircraft,
origin_to_hub
))
vars['distance_solo'] += origin_to_hub
# If in formation
if hasattr(aircraft, 'formation'):
segment = Segment(hub, aircraft.hookoff_point)
hub_to_hookoff = segment.get_length()
p('Distance hub_to_hookoff for %s is %dNM' % (
aircraft,
hub_to_hookoff
))
vars['distance_formation'] += hub_to_hookoff
segment = Segment(aircraft.hookoff_point, aircraft.destination)
hookoff_to_destination = segment.get_length()
p('Distance hookoff_to_destination for %s is %dNM' % (
aircraft,
hookoff_to_destination
))
vars['distance_solo'] += hookoff_to_destination
# Collect all hub delays
# The calibration aircraft was never delayed
if hasattr(aircraft, 'hub_delay'):
vars['hub_delay_sum'] = vars['hub_delay_sum'] +\
aircraft.hub_delay
if aircraft.incurs_benefits:
discount = config.alpha
else:
discount = 0
p('validate', 'Discount = %s for %s' % (discount, aircraft))
fuel_formation = formationburn(
int(origin_to_hub),
int(hub_to_hookoff),
int(hookoff_to_destination),
model = model,
discount = discount
)
p('validate', 'Fuel burn formation = %d for %s' % (
fuel_formation, aircraft
))
vars['fuel_actual'] += fuel_formation
# If fully solo
else:
p('validate', 'Discount = false for %s' % (aircraft))
segment = Segment(hub, aircraft.destination)
hub_to_destination = segment.get_length()
p('Distance hub_to_destination for %s is %dNM' % (
aircraft,
hub_to_destination
))
vars['distance_solo'] += hub_to_destination
fuel_solo = get_fuel_burned_during_cruise(
origin_to_hub + hub_to_destination,
model = model,
)
p('validate', 'Fuel burn solo = %d for %s' % (
fuel_solo, aircraft
))
vars['fuel_actual'] += fuel_solo
def remove_aircraft(self, aircraft):
try:
self.aircraft_queue.remove(aircraft)
except ValueError:
p('Could not remove %s from queue because not present' % aircraft)
def handle_waypoint(event):
# Aircraft is no longer a candidate when it arrives at any waypoint
# @todo Only remove from queue if at hub. But it's unlikely that aircraft
# reach another waypoint before the hub so this is fine for now.
p('Aircraft %s at waypoint, no longer formation candidate' % event.sender)
allocator.remove_aircraft(event.sender)
def allocate(self, aircraft):
p('debug', 'Starting formation allocation for %s' % aircraft)
# Do not perform allocation if no hub exists in the flight route.
if len(aircraft.route.segments) == 0:
return
self.formations = []
intervals = []
candidates = self.aircraft_queue
hub = aircraft.route.waypoints[0]
# This is bad. We don't want to filter anything.
# @todo: pre-process at a higher level.
# Only consider other aircraft flying to the same hub
candidates = filter(lambda a: a.route.waypoints[0] is hub,
candidates)
p('debug', 'Full candidate set: %s' % candidates)
# Only consider aircraft having a maximum heading difference between
# the hub and their destination
segment = Segment(aircraft.hub, aircraft.destination)
leader_heading = segment.get_initial_bearing()
def heading_filter(buddy):
segment = Segment(buddy.hub, buddy.destination)
buddy_heading = segment.get_initial_bearing()
phi_obs = abs(leader_heading - buddy_heading)
p(
'debug',
'delta phi observed for %s (phi: %.2f) against %s (phi: %.2f)'
': %.2f degrees' % (
aircraft, leader_heading, buddy, buddy_heading, phi_obs
)
)
return phi_obs <= (config.phi_max/2)
candidates = filter(heading_filter, candidates)
# Other interesting filters
if 'same-airline' in config.restrictions:
airline = aircraft.label[0:2]
candidates = filter(lambda a: a.label[0:2] == airline,
candidates)
if 'same-aircraft-type' in config.restrictions:
aircraft_type = aircraft.aircraft_type
candidates = filter(lambda a: a.aircraft_type == aircraft_type,
candidates)
p('debug', 'Reduced candidate set: %s' % candidates)
for candidate in candidates:
# Quick and dirty: recalc position. Instead, pull eta from var.
candidate.controller.update_position()
tth = candidate.time_to_waypoint() # time to hub
hub_eta = sim.time + tth
# From the moment the aircraft enters the lock area, the slack
# decreases linearly to zero upon hub arrival.
if tth < config.lock_time:
slack = tth * config.etah_slack / config.lock_time
else:
slack = config.etah_slack
p('Time = %s, Hub (= %s) eta %s for candidate %s' %\
(sim.time, hub, hub_eta, candidate))
intervals.append(Interval(
candidate,
int(hub_eta) - slack,
int(hub_eta) + slack
))
for interval_group in group(intervals):
formation = Formation()
for interval in interval_group:
formation.append(interval.obj)
self.formations.append(formation)
vars['formation_size'] = 6
vars['origin_to_hub'] = 242
vars['origin_to_destination'] = 3193
vars['hookoff_to_destination'] = 0
vars['hub_to_hookoff'] = (
vars['origin_to_destination'] -
vars['origin_to_hub'] -
vars['hookoff_to_destination']
)
vars['fuel_benchmark'] = 0
vars['fuel_formation'] = 0
p('validate', 'Getting the benchmark fuel')
vars['fuel_benchmark'] = vars['formation_size'] *\
get_fuel_burned_during_cruise(vars['origin_to_destination'], model)
p('validate', 'OK, we have the benchmark fuel now')
incurs_benefit = False
for i in range(0, vars['formation_size']):
model = copy.deepcopy(model)
if incurs_benefit is True:
discount = .13
else:
discount = 0
vars = {}
vars['formation_size'] = 6
vars['origin_to_hub'] = 242
vars['origin_to_destination'] = 3193
vars['hookoff_to_destination'] = 0
vars['hub_to_hookoff'] = (vars['origin_to_destination'] -
vars['origin_to_hub'] -
vars['hookoff_to_destination'])
vars['fuel_benchmark'] = 0
vars['fuel_formation'] = 0
p('validate', 'Getting the benchmark fuel')
vars['fuel_benchmark'] = vars['formation_size'] *\
get_fuel_burned_during_cruise(vars['origin_to_destination'], model)
p('validate', 'OK, we have the benchmark fuel now')
incurs_benefit = False
for i in range(0, vars['formation_size']):
model = copy.deepcopy(model)
if incurs_benefit is True:
discount = .13
else:
discount = 0
def handle_arrive(event):
global vars, hubs
aircraft = event.sender
# Temporarily use one model for everything
model = copy.deepcopy(config.model)
# Also calculate the direct distance
segment = Segment(aircraft.origin, aircraft.destination)
direct = segment.get_length()
#direct = 3193 #temp overwrite for validation
p('validate', 'Distance direct for %s is %dNM' % (aircraft, direct))
p('validate', 'Getting the benchmark fuel')
vars['distance_direct'] += direct
vars['fuel_direct'] += get_fuel_burned_during_cruise(direct, model)
p('validate', 'OK, we have the benchmark fuel now')
hub = aircraft.hub
assert hub in config.hubs
# Sometimes (especially with very low Z and high L) aircraft are excluded
# from formation flight due to the origin being within the lock area.
if hasattr(aircraft, 'is_excluded') and aircraft.is_excluded:
vars['distance_solo'] += direct
vars['fuel_actual'] += get_fuel_burned_during_cruise(direct, model)
return
#key = 'flight_count_%s' % hub
#if key not in vars:
# vars[key] = 0
#vars[key] = vars[key] + 1
# Aircraft always fly solo to the hub
segment = Segment(aircraft.origin, hub)
origin_to_hub = segment.get_length()
p('Distance origin_to_hub for %s is %dNM' % (aircraft, origin_to_hub))
vars['distance_solo'] += origin_to_hub
# If in formation
if hasattr(aircraft, 'formation'):
segment = Segment(hub, aircraft.hookoff_point)
hub_to_hookoff = segment.get_length()
p('Distance hub_to_hookoff for %s is %dNM' %
(aircraft, hub_to_hookoff))
vars['distance_formation'] += hub_to_hookoff
segment = Segment(aircraft.hookoff_point, aircraft.destination)
hookoff_to_destination = segment.get_length()
p('Distance hookoff_to_destination for %s is %dNM' %
(aircraft, hookoff_to_destination))
vars['distance_solo'] += hookoff_to_destination
# Collect all hub delays
# The calibration aircraft was never delayed
if hasattr(aircraft, 'hub_delay'):
vars['hub_delay_sum'] = vars['hub_delay_sum'] +\
aircraft.hub_delay
if aircraft.incurs_benefits:
discount = config.alpha
else:
discount = 0
p('validate', 'Discount = %s for %s' % (discount, aircraft))
fuel_formation = formationburn(int(origin_to_hub),
int(hub_to_hookoff),
int(hookoff_to_destination),
model=model,
discount=discount)
p('validate',
'Fuel burn formation = %d for %s' % (fuel_formation, aircraft))
vars['fuel_actual'] += fuel_formation
# If fully solo
else:
p('validate', 'Discount = false for %s' % (aircraft))
segment = Segment(hub, aircraft.destination)
hub_to_destination = segment.get_length()
p('Distance hub_to_destination for %s is %dNM' %
(aircraft, hub_to_destination))
vars['distance_solo'] += hub_to_destination
fuel_solo = get_fuel_burned_during_cruise(
origin_to_hub + hub_to_destination,
model=model,
)
p('validate', 'Fuel burn solo = %d for %s' % (fuel_solo, aircraft))
vars['fuel_actual'] += fuel_solo
def remove_aircraft(self, aircraft):
try:
self.aircraft_queue.remove(aircraft)
except ValueError:
p('Could not remove %s from queue because not present' % aircraft)
def handle_waypoint(event):
# Aircraft is no longer a candidate when it arrives at any waypoint
# @todo Only remove from queue if at hub. But it's unlikely that aircraft
# reach another waypoint before the hub so this is fine for now.
p('Aircraft %s at waypoint, no longer formation candidate' % event.sender)
allocator.remove_aircraft(event.sender)
def calibrate(self):
"""Determines the trunk route and hookoff points"""
# Determine formation trunk route
destinations = []
for aircraft in self:
destinations.append(aircraft.destination)
arrival_midpoint = midpoint(destinations)
p('destinations: %s' % destinations)
p('midpoint = %s' % arrival_midpoint)
hub_to_midpoint = Segment(aircraft.hub, arrival_midpoint)
# Determine hookoff point for each aircraft, except the last
for aircraft in self:
hub_to_destination = Segment(aircraft.hub, aircraft.destination)
p('flight %s hub %s to destination: %s' % (
aircraft,
'%s{%d, %d}' % (
aircraft.hub,
aircraft.hub.lat,
aircraft.hub.lon
),
aircraft.destination
))
p('flight %s hub %s to midpoint: %s' % (
aircraft,
'%s{%d, %d}' % (
aircraft.hub,
aircraft.hub.lat,
aircraft.hub.lon
),
arrival_midpoint
))
aircraft.hookoff_point = get_hookoff(
hub_to_midpoint,
aircraft.destination,
config.alpha
)
hub_to_hookoff = Segment(aircraft.hub, aircraft.hookoff_point)
aircraft.Q = hub_to_hookoff.get_length() /\
hub_to_midpoint.get_length()
p('flight %s, hub %s to hook-off point: %s' % (
aircraft,
'%s{%d, %d}' % (
aircraft.hub,
aircraft.hub.lat,
aircraft.hub.lon
),
aircraft.hookoff_point
))
aircraft.hookoff_point.name = 'hookoff-%s' % aircraft.hookoff_point
# Place aircraft in order, ascending with Q, to fulfill LIFO condition.
formation = sorted(self, key = lambda item: item.Q)
# All aircraft at the front of the formation having the same destination
# should hook off where the previous buddy (having a different
# destination) hooked off.
# Example: formation AMS-SFO, BRU-SFO, LHR-ATL.
# AMS-SFO and BRU-SFO should hook off where LHR-ATL hooked off.
# @todo Let AMS-SFO and BRU-SFO continue together along a new average
# formation trajectory (in this case directly to the destination)
# First find the leading set of aircraft having the same destination
formation.reverse()
leading_destination = formation[0].destination
leaders = []
for aircraft in formation:
# Start with always incurring benefits
aircraft.incurs_benefits = True
if not aircraft.destination.coincides(leading_destination):
aircraft.is_leader = False
continue
aircraft.is_leader = True
# Only the first leader incurs no benefits at all
if len(leaders) == 0:
aircraft.incurs_benefits = False
leaders.append(aircraft)
p('Leaders of formation %s are %s' % (
formation,
leaders
))
# Then find the buddy just before the set of leading aircraft, if
# it exists.
try:
# The leaders: same hookoff point as last buddy.
last_buddy = formation[len(leaders)]
for aircraft in leaders:
aircraft.Q = last_buddy.Q
#aircraft.P = last_buddy.P
aircraft.hookoff_point = last_buddy.hookoff_point
except IndexError:
pass
# Change reversed formation back to normal
formation.reverse()
for aircraft in formation:
p('Adjusting waypoints of %s. Initial waypoints: %s' % (
aircraft,
aircraft.route.waypoints
))
aircraft.route.waypoints = [
#aircraft.hub,
aircraft.hookoff_point,
aircraft.destination]
aircraft.route.init_segments()
p('Adjusted waypoints of %s. New waypoints: %s' % (
aircraft,
aircraft.route.waypoints
))
p('Need to calibrate aircraft %s (%s) in formation %s' % (
aircraft, aircraft.route, formation
))
aircraft.controller.calibrate()
def get_via_stdin():
"""Set up the planes list, assume tab-separated columns via stdin.
Can be piped, example: $ cat data/flights.tsv | ./thesis.py"""
planes = []
if len(input_history) == 0:
for row in csv.reader(sys.stdin, delimiter = '\t'):
input_history.append(row)
for row in input_history:
departure_time = int(row[0])
label = row[1]
waypoints = row[2].split('-')
aircraft_type = row[3]
# If a flight has been calibrated, the formation probability will be
# given. Otherwise it will be set to None.
try:
probability = float(row[4])
# Disregard row if config tells us to
if probability < config.min_P:
p('warning', 'Probability of row does not match criterium %s, row %s' % (
config.min_P,
row
))
continue
p('warning', 'Yes! Row %s can be included!' % row)
except IndexError:
probability = None
# Keep track of scheduled departure time for later retrieval
departure_time_scheduled = departure_time
# Departure times are randomly distributed
# In some rare cases (only for early aircraft) the departure time might
# become negative so we restrict it to being only positive
departure_time = departure_time +\
random.uniform(-1 * config.dt, config.dt)
departure_time = max(0, departure_time)
p('debug', 'sched: %d, real: %d' % (
departure_time_scheduled,
departure_time
))
aircraft = Aircraft(
label = label,
route = Route([
Waypoint(waypoints[0]),
Waypoint(waypoints[1])
]),
departure_time = departure_time,
aircraft_type = aircraft_type)
aircraft.departure_time_scheduled = departure_time_scheduled
# If a flight has been calibrated, the formation probability will be
# given. Otherwise it will be set to None.
aircraft.probability = probability
## Find a random hub
#hub = random.choice(config.hubs),
## Find the closest hub
#hub = min(config.hubs, key = lambda x: x.distance_to(aircraft.origin))
planes.append(aircraft)
return planes
def synchronize(self, formation):
for aircraft in formation:
# Ensure position is up-to-date for eta calculation later
aircraft.controller.update_position()
# Ensure all participants have the hub as their active waypoint
assert aircraft.route.waypoints[0].coincides(formation.hub)
# Select the aircraft that arrives last at the hub
last_aircraft = max(formation, key = lambda a: a.time_to_waypoint())
time_to_hub = last_aircraft.time_to_waypoint()
p('The last aircraft in formation %s is: %s.' % (
formation, last_aircraft
))
p('The time to hub for formation %s is %d.' % (
formation, time_to_hub
))
for aircraft in formation:
if aircraft is last_aircraft:
continue
# Make sure the position of the aircraft is current
aircraft.controller.update_position()
# Compute time difference between arrivals
delay = time_to_hub - aircraft.time_to_waypoint()
p('Original hub arrival time for aircraft %s: %d.' % (
aircraft, sim.time + aircraft.time_to_waypoint()
))
p('Required hub arrival time for aircraft %s: %d.' % (
aircraft, sim.time + time_to_hub
))
p('Required hub arrival delay for aircraft %s: %d.' % (
aircraft, delay
))
# We should only delay, never expedite
assert delay >= 0
# Delay arrival of participant to match required arrival.
aircraft.controller.delay_events(delay)
# Add a tiny delay to make sure that all aircraft-at-waypoint
# events are fired before the formation-alive event.
formation_alive_time = sim.time + time_to_hub + 0.0001
p('Set formation-alive time at %d + %d = %d for formation %s' % (
sim.time,
time_to_hub,
formation_alive_time,
formation
))
sim.events.append(sim.Event(
'formation-alive',
formation,
formation_alive_time
))
def calibrate(self):
"""Determines the trunk route and hookoff points"""
# Determine formation trunk route
destinations = []
for aircraft in self:
destinations.append(aircraft.destination)
arrival_midpoint = midpoint(destinations)
p('destinations: %s' % destinations)
p('midpoint = %s' % arrival_midpoint)
hub_to_midpoint = Segment(aircraft.hub, arrival_midpoint)
# Determine hookoff point for each aircraft, except the last
for aircraft in self:
hub_to_destination = Segment(aircraft.hub, aircraft.destination)
p('flight %s hub %s to destination: %s' %
(aircraft, '%s{%d, %d}' %
(aircraft.hub, aircraft.hub.lat, aircraft.hub.lon),
aircraft.destination))
p('flight %s hub %s to midpoint: %s' %
(aircraft, '%s{%d, %d}' %
(aircraft.hub, aircraft.hub.lat, aircraft.hub.lon),
arrival_midpoint))
aircraft.hookoff_point = get_hookoff(hub_to_midpoint,
aircraft.destination,
config.alpha)
hub_to_hookoff = Segment(aircraft.hub, aircraft.hookoff_point)
aircraft.Q = hub_to_hookoff.get_length() /\
hub_to_midpoint.get_length()
p('flight %s, hub %s to hook-off point: %s' %
(aircraft, '%s{%d, %d}' %
(aircraft.hub, aircraft.hub.lat, aircraft.hub.lon),
aircraft.hookoff_point))
aircraft.hookoff_point.name = 'hookoff-%s' % aircraft.hookoff_point
# Place aircraft in order, ascending with Q, to fulfill LIFO condition.
formation = sorted(self, key=lambda item: item.Q)
# All aircraft at the front of the formation having the same destination
# should hook off where the previous buddy (having a different
# destination) hooked off.
# Example: formation AMS-SFO, BRU-SFO, LHR-ATL.
# AMS-SFO and BRU-SFO should hook off where LHR-ATL hooked off.
# @todo Let AMS-SFO and BRU-SFO continue together along a new average
# formation trajectory (in this case directly to the destination)
# First find the leading set of aircraft having the same destination
formation.reverse()
leading_destination = formation[0].destination
leaders = []
for aircraft in formation:
# Start with always incurring benefits
aircraft.incurs_benefits = True
if not aircraft.destination.coincides(leading_destination):
aircraft.is_leader = False
continue
aircraft.is_leader = True
# Only the first leader incurs no benefits at all
if len(leaders) == 0:
aircraft.incurs_benefits = False
leaders.append(aircraft)
p('Leaders of formation %s are %s' % (formation, leaders))
# Then find the buddy just before the set of leading aircraft, if
# it exists.
try:
# The leaders: same hookoff point as last buddy.
last_buddy = formation[len(leaders)]
for aircraft in leaders:
aircraft.Q = last_buddy.Q
#aircraft.P = last_buddy.P
aircraft.hookoff_point = last_buddy.hookoff_point
except IndexError:
pass
# Change reversed formation back to normal
formation.reverse()
for aircraft in formation:
p('Adjusting waypoints of %s. Initial waypoints: %s' %
(aircraft, aircraft.route.waypoints))
aircraft.route.waypoints = [
#aircraft.hub,
aircraft.hookoff_point,
aircraft.destination
]
aircraft.route.init_segments()
p('Adjusted waypoints of %s. New waypoints: %s' %
(aircraft, aircraft.route.waypoints))
p('Need to calibrate aircraft %s (%s) in formation %s' %
(aircraft, aircraft.route, formation))
aircraft.controller.calibrate()