def _generate_rhs(contrasts, columns_var_gt_0) -> list[Term]:
rhs = [Term([])] # force intercept
for contrast in contrasts:
if contrast["type"] == "infer":
if not columns_var_gt_0[contrast["variable"]].all():
logger.warning(
f'Not adding term "{contrast["variable"]}" to design matrix '
"because it has zero variance")
continue
# for every term in the model a contrast of type infer needs to be specified
rhs.append(
Term([LookupFactor(name) for name in contrast["variable"]]))
return rhs
def test_pick_contrasts_for_term():
from patsy.desc import Term
used = set()
codings = pick_contrasts_for_term(Term([]), set(), used)
assert codings == [{}]
codings = pick_contrasts_for_term(Term(["a", "x"]), set(["x"]), used)
assert codings == [{"a": False}]
codings = pick_contrasts_for_term(Term(["a", "b"]), set(), used)
assert codings == [{"a": True, "b": False}]
used_snapshot = set(used)
codings = pick_contrasts_for_term(Term(["c", "d"]), set(), used)
assert codings == [{"d": False}, {"c": False, "d": True}]
# Do it again backwards, to make sure we're deterministic with respect to
# order:
codings = pick_contrasts_for_term(Term(["d", "c"]), set(), used_snapshot)
assert codings == [{"c": False}, {"c": True, "d": False}]
def test_DesignMatrixBuilder_subset():
# For each combination of:
# formula, term names, term objects, mixed term name and term objects
# check that results match subset of full build
# and that removed variables don't hurt
all_data = {"x": [1, 2],
"y": [[3.1, 3.2],
[4.1, 4.2]],
"z": [5, 6]}
all_terms = make_termlist("x", "y", "z")
def iter_maker():
yield all_data
all_builder = design_matrix_builders([all_terms], iter_maker)[0]
full_matrix = build_design_matrices([all_builder], all_data)[0]
def t(which_terms, variables, columns):
sub_builder = all_builder.subset(which_terms)
sub_data = {}
for variable in variables:
sub_data[variable] = all_data[variable]
sub_matrix = build_design_matrices([sub_builder], sub_data)[0]
sub_full_matrix = full_matrix[:, columns]
if not isinstance(which_terms, six.string_types):
assert len(which_terms) == len(sub_builder.design_info.terms)
assert np.array_equal(sub_matrix, sub_full_matrix)
t("~ 0 + x + y + z", ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
t(["x", "y", "z"], ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
if six.PY2:
t([unicode("x"), unicode("y"), unicode("z")],
["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
t(all_terms, ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
t([all_terms[0], "y", all_terms[2]], ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
t("~ 0 + x + z", ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
t(["x", "z"], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
if six.PY2:
t([unicode("x"), unicode("z")], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
t([all_terms[0], all_terms[2]], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
t([all_terms[0], "z"], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
t("~ 0 + z + x", ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
t(["z", "x"], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
t([six.text_type("z"), six.text_type("x")], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
t([all_terms[2], all_terms[0]], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
t([all_terms[2], "x"], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
t("~ 0 + y", ["y"], [1, 2])
t(["y"], ["y"], [1, 2])
t([six.text_type("y")], ["y"], [1, 2])
t([all_terms[1]], ["y"], [1, 2])
# Formula can't have a LHS
assert_raises(PatsyError, all_builder.subset, "a ~ a")
# Term must exist
assert_raises(PatsyError, all_builder.subset, "~ asdf")
assert_raises(PatsyError, all_builder.subset, ["asdf"])
assert_raises(PatsyError,
all_builder.subset, [Term(["asdf"])])
def parse_formula(f_str):
patsy_formula = ModelDesc.from_formula(f_str)
tokenize = patsy_formula.lhs_termlist
valid_tokenizers = list()
for term in tokenize:
for e in term.factors:
code = e.code
if code in _VALID_TOKENIZERS:
valid_tokenizers.append(code)
if len(valid_tokenizers) == 0:
tokenize.insert(0, Term([EvalFactor(_DEFAULT_TOKENIZER)]))
if len(valid_tokenizers) > 1:
raise RuntimeError("Multiple tokenizers found in formula\n"
f"Specify one from {' '.join(_VALID_TOKENIZERS)}")
preprocess = [t for t in patsy_formula.rhs_termlist if len(t.factors) > 0]
return tokenize, preprocess
def __patsy_get_model_desc__(self, data):
return ModelDesc([Term([LookupFactor("Y")])],
[Term([LookupFactor("X")])])
def test_formula_likes():
# Plain array-like, rhs only
t([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], {}, 0, False, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]],
["x0", "x1", "x2"])
t((None, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]), {}, 0, False, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]],
["x0", "x1", "x2"])
t(np.asarray([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]), {}, 0, False, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]],
["x0", "x1", "x2"])
t((None, np.asarray([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])), {}, 0, False,
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], ["x0", "x1", "x2"])
dm = DesignMatrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], default_column_prefix="foo")
t(dm, {}, 0, False, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], ["foo0", "foo1", "foo2"])
t((None, dm), {}, 0, False, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]],
["foo0", "foo1", "foo2"])
# Plain array-likes, lhs and rhs
t(([1, 2], [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]), {}, 0, False, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]],
["x0", "x1", "x2"], [[1], [2]], ["y0"])
t(([[1], [2]], [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]), {}, 0, False,
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], ["x0", "x1", "x2"], [[1], [2]], ["y0"])
t((np.asarray([1, 2]), np.asarray([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])), {}, 0, False,
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], ["x0", "x1", "x2"], [[1], [2]], ["y0"])
t((np.asarray([[1], [2]]), np.asarray([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])), {}, 0,
False, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], ["x0", "x1", "x2"], [[1], [2]], ["y0"])
x_dm = DesignMatrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], default_column_prefix="foo")
y_dm = DesignMatrix([1, 2], default_column_prefix="bar")
t((y_dm, x_dm), {}, 0, False, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]],
["foo0", "foo1", "foo2"], [[1], [2]], ["bar0"])
# number of rows must match
t_invalid(([1, 2, 3], [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]), {}, 0)
# tuples must have the right size
t_invalid(([[1, 2, 3]], ), {}, 0)
t_invalid(([[1, 2, 3]], [[1, 2, 3]], [[1, 2, 3]]), {}, 0)
# plain Series and DataFrames
if have_pandas:
# Names are extracted
t(pandas.DataFrame({"x": [1, 2, 3]}), {}, 0, False, [[1], [2], [3]],
["x"])
t(pandas.Series([1, 2, 3], name="asdf"), {}, 0, False, [[1], [2], [3]],
["asdf"])
t((pandas.DataFrame({"y": [4, 5, 6]
}), pandas.DataFrame({"x": [1, 2, 3]})), {}, 0,
False, [[1], [2], [3]], ["x"], [[4], [5], [6]], ["y"])
t((pandas.Series([4, 5, 6],
name="y"), pandas.Series([1, 2, 3], name="x")), {}, 0,
False, [[1], [2], [3]], ["x"], [[4], [5], [6]], ["y"])
# Or invented
t((pandas.DataFrame([[4, 5, 6]]),
pandas.DataFrame([[1, 2, 3]], columns=[7, 8, 9])), {}, 0, False,
[[1, 2, 3]], ["x7", "x8", "x9"], [[4, 5, 6]], ["y0", "y1", "y2"])
t(pandas.Series([1, 2, 3]), {}, 0, False, [[1], [2], [3]], ["x0"])
# indices must match
t_invalid((pandas.DataFrame(
[[1]], index=[1]), pandas.DataFrame([[1]], index=[2])), {}, 0)
# Foreign ModelDesc factories
class ForeignModelSource(object):
def __patsy_get_model_desc__(self, data):
return ModelDesc([Term([LookupFactor("Y")])],
[Term([LookupFactor("X")])])
foreign_model = ForeignModelSource()
t(foreign_model, {
"Y": [1, 2],
"X": [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
}, 0, True, [[1, 2], [3, 4]], ["X[0]", "X[1]"], [[1], [2]], ["Y"])
class BadForeignModelSource(object):
def __patsy_get_model_desc__(self, data):
return data
t_invalid(BadForeignModelSource(), {}, 0)
# string formulas
t("y ~ x", {
"y": [1, 2],
"x": [3, 4]
}, 0, True, [[1, 3], [1, 4]], ["Intercept", "x"], [[1], [2]], ["y"])
t("~ x", {
"y": [1, 2],
"x": [3, 4]
}, 0, True, [[1, 3], [1, 4]], ["Intercept", "x"])
t("x + y", {
"y": [1, 2],
"x": [3, 4]
}, 0, True, [[1, 3, 1], [1, 4, 2]], ["Intercept", "x", "y"])
# ModelDesc
desc = ModelDesc([], [Term([LookupFactor("x")])])
t(desc, {"x": [1.5, 2.5, 3.5]}, 0, True, [[1.5], [2.5], [3.5]], ["x"])
desc = ModelDesc([], [Term([]), Term([LookupFactor("x")])])
t(desc, {"x": [1.5, 2.5, 3.5]}, 0, True, [[1, 1.5], [1, 2.5], [1, 3.5]],
["Intercept", "x"])
desc = ModelDesc([Term([LookupFactor("y")])],
[Term([]), Term([LookupFactor("x")])])
t(desc, {
"x": [1.5, 2.5, 3.5],
"y": [10, 20, 30]
}, 0, True, [[1, 1.5], [1, 2.5], [1, 3.5]], ["Intercept", "x"],
[[10], [20], [30]], ["y"])
# builders
termlists = (
[],
[Term([LookupFactor("x")])],
[Term([]), Term([LookupFactor("x")])],
)
builders = design_matrix_builders(termlists, lambda: iter([{
"x": [1, 2, 3]
}]))
# twople but with no LHS
t((builders[0], builders[2]), {"x": [10, 20, 30]}, 0, True,
[[1, 10], [1, 20], [1, 30]], ["Intercept", "x"])
# single DesignMatrixBuilder
t(builders[2], {"x": [10, 20, 30]}, 0, True, [[1, 10], [1, 20], [1, 30]],
["Intercept", "x"])
# twople with LHS
t((builders[1], builders[2]), {"x": [10, 20, 30]}, 0, True,
[[1, 10], [1, 20], [1, 30]], ["Intercept", "x"], [[10], [20], [30]],
["x"])
# check depth arguments
x_in_env = [1, 2, 3]
t("~ x_in_env", {}, 0, True, [[1, 1], [1, 2], [1, 3]],
["Intercept", "x_in_env"])
t("~ x_in_env", {"x_in_env": [10, 20, 30]}, 0, True,
[[1, 10], [1, 20], [1, 30]], ["Intercept", "x_in_env"])
# Trying to pull x_in_env out of our *caller* shouldn't work.
t_invalid("~ x_in_env", {}, 1, exc=(NameError, PatsyError))
# But then again it should, if called from one down on the stack:
def check_nested_call():
x_in_env = "asdf"
t("~ x_in_env", {}, 1, True, [[1, 1], [1, 2], [1, 3]],
["Intercept", "x_in_env"])
check_nested_call()
# passing in an explicit EvalEnvironment also works:
e = EvalEnvironment.capture(1)
t_invalid("~ x_in_env", {}, e, exc=(NameError, PatsyError))
e = EvalEnvironment.capture(0)
def check_nested_call_2():
x_in_env = "asdf"
t("~ x_in_env", {}, e, True, [[1, 1], [1, 2], [1, 3]],
["Intercept", "x_in_env"])
check_nested_call_2()
def test_DesignInfo_subset():
# For each combination of:
# formula, term names, term objects, mixed term name and term objects
# check that results match subset of full build
# and that removed variables don't hurt
all_data = {"x": [1, 2], "y": [[3.1, 3.2], [4.1, 4.2]], "z": [5, 6]}
all_terms = make_termlist("x", "y", "z")
def iter_maker():
yield all_data
all_builder = design_matrix_builders([all_terms], iter_maker, 0)[0]
full_matrix = build_design_matrices([all_builder], all_data)[0]
def t(which_terms, variables, columns):
sub_design_info = all_builder.subset(which_terms)
sub_data = {}
for variable in variables:
sub_data[variable] = all_data[variable]
sub_matrix = build_design_matrices([sub_design_info], sub_data)[0]
sub_full_matrix = full_matrix[:, columns]
if not isinstance(which_terms, six.string_types):
assert len(which_terms) == len(sub_design_info.terms)
assert np.array_equal(sub_matrix, sub_full_matrix)
t("~ 0 + x + y + z", ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
t(["x", "y", "z"], ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
# Compatibility: six.PY2 wasn't added until 1.4.0, but six.PY3 exists in
# all versions.
if not six.PY3:
t([unicode("x"), unicode("y"),
unicode("z")], ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
t(all_terms, ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
t([all_terms[0], "y", all_terms[2]], ["x", "y", "z"], slice(None))
t("~ 0 + x + z", ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
t(["x", "z"], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
# Compatibility: six.PY2 wasn't added until 1.4.0, but six.PY3 exists in
# all versions.
if not six.PY3:
t([unicode("x"), unicode("z")], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
t([all_terms[0], all_terms[2]], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
t([all_terms[0], "z"], ["x", "z"], [0, 3])
t("~ 0 + z + x", ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
t(["z", "x"], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
t([six.text_type("z"), six.text_type("x")], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
t([all_terms[2], all_terms[0]], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
t([all_terms[2], "x"], ["x", "z"], [3, 0])
t("~ 0 + y", ["y"], [1, 2])
t(["y"], ["y"], [1, 2])
t([six.text_type("y")], ["y"], [1, 2])
t([all_terms[1]], ["y"], [1, 2])
# Formula can't have a LHS
pytest.raises(PatsyError, all_builder.subset, "a ~ a")
# Term must exist
pytest.raises(KeyError, all_builder.subset, "~ asdf")
pytest.raises(KeyError, all_builder.subset, ["asdf"])
pytest.raises(KeyError, all_builder.subset, [Term(["asdf"])])
# Also check for a minimal DesignInfo (column names only)
min_di = DesignInfo(["a", "b", "c"])
min_di_subset = min_di.subset(["c", "a"])
assert min_di_subset.column_names == ["c", "a"]
assert min_di_subset.terms is None
def make_termlist(*entries):
terms = []
for entry in entries:
terms.append(Term([LookupFactor(name) for name in entry]))
return terms
def test_DesignInfo():
from nose.tools import assert_raises
class _MockFactor(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self._name = name
def name(self):
return self._name
f_x = _MockFactor("x")
f_y = _MockFactor("y")
t_x = Term([f_x])
t_y = Term([f_y])
factor_infos = {f_x:
FactorInfo(f_x, "numerical", {}, num_columns=3),
f_y:
FactorInfo(f_y, "numerical", {}, num_columns=1),
}
term_codings = OrderedDict([(t_x, [SubtermInfo([f_x], {}, 3)]),
(t_y, [SubtermInfo([f_y], {}, 1)])])
di = DesignInfo(["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"], factor_infos, term_codings)
assert di.column_names == ["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"]
assert di.term_names == ["x", "y"]
assert di.terms == [t_x, t_y]
assert di.column_name_indexes == {"x1": 0, "x2": 1, "x3": 2, "y": 3}
assert di.term_name_slices == {"x": slice(0, 3), "y": slice(3, 4)}
assert di.term_slices == {t_x: slice(0, 3), t_y: slice(3, 4)}
assert di.describe() == "x + y"
assert di.slice(1) == slice(1, 2)
assert di.slice("x1") == slice(0, 1)
assert di.slice("x2") == slice(1, 2)
assert di.slice("x3") == slice(2, 3)
assert di.slice("x") == slice(0, 3)
assert di.slice(t_x) == slice(0, 3)
assert di.slice("y") == slice(3, 4)
assert di.slice(t_y) == slice(3, 4)
assert di.slice(slice(2, 4)) == slice(2, 4)
assert_raises(PatsyError, di.slice, "asdf")
# smoke test
repr(di)
assert_no_pickling(di)
# One without term objects
di = DesignInfo(["a1", "a2", "a3", "b"])
assert di.column_names == ["a1", "a2", "a3", "b"]
assert di.term_names == ["a1", "a2", "a3", "b"]
assert di.terms is None
assert di.column_name_indexes == {"a1": 0, "a2": 1, "a3": 2, "b": 3}
assert di.term_name_slices == {"a1": slice(0, 1),
"a2": slice(1, 2),
"a3": slice(2, 3),
"b": slice(3, 4)}
assert di.term_slices is None
assert di.describe() == "a1 + a2 + a3 + b"
assert di.slice(1) == slice(1, 2)
assert di.slice("a1") == slice(0, 1)
assert di.slice("a2") == slice(1, 2)
assert di.slice("a3") == slice(2, 3)
assert di.slice("b") == slice(3, 4)
# Check intercept handling in describe()
assert DesignInfo(["Intercept", "a", "b"]).describe() == "1 + a + b"
# Failure modes
# must specify either both or neither of factor_infos and term_codings:
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"], factor_infos=factor_infos)
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"], term_codings=term_codings)
# factor_infos must be a dict
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"], list(factor_infos), term_codings)
# wrong number of column names:
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y1", "y2"], factor_infos, term_codings)
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3"], factor_infos, term_codings)
# name overlap problems
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "y", "y2"], factor_infos, term_codings)
# duplicate name
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x1", "x1", "y"], factor_infos, term_codings)
# f_y is in factor_infos, but not mentioned in any term
term_codings_x_only = OrderedDict(term_codings)
del term_codings_x_only[t_y]
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3"], factor_infos, term_codings_x_only)
# f_a is in a term, but not in factor_infos
f_a = _MockFactor("a")
t_a = Term([f_a])
term_codings_with_a = OrderedDict(term_codings)
term_codings_with_a[t_a] = [SubtermInfo([f_a], {}, 1)]
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y", "a"],
factor_infos, term_codings_with_a)
# bad factor_infos
not_factor_infos = dict(factor_infos)
not_factor_infos[f_x] = "what is this I don't even"
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"], not_factor_infos, term_codings)
mismatch_factor_infos = dict(factor_infos)
mismatch_factor_infos[f_x] = FactorInfo(f_a, "numerical", {}, num_columns=3)
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"], mismatch_factor_infos, term_codings)
# bad term_codings
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"], factor_infos, dict(term_codings))
not_term_codings = OrderedDict(term_codings)
not_term_codings["this is a string"] = term_codings[t_x]
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"], factor_infos, not_term_codings)
non_list_term_codings = OrderedDict(term_codings)
non_list_term_codings[t_y] = tuple(term_codings[t_y])
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"], factor_infos, non_list_term_codings)
non_subterm_term_codings = OrderedDict(term_codings)
non_subterm_term_codings[t_y][0] = "not a SubtermInfo"
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"], factor_infos, non_subterm_term_codings)
bad_subterm = OrderedDict(term_codings)
# f_x is a factor in this model, but it is not a factor in t_y
term_codings[t_y][0] = SubtermInfo([f_x], {}, 1)
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["x1", "x2", "x3", "y"], factor_infos, bad_subterm)
# contrast matrix has wrong number of rows
factor_codings_a = {f_a:
FactorInfo(f_a, "categorical", {},
categories=["a1", "a2"])}
term_codings_a_bad_rows = OrderedDict([
(t_a,
[SubtermInfo([f_a],
{f_a: ContrastMatrix(np.ones((3, 2)),
["[1]", "[2]"])},
2)])])
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["a[1]", "a[2]"],
factor_codings_a,
term_codings_a_bad_rows)
# have a contrast matrix for a non-categorical factor
t_ax = Term([f_a, f_x])
factor_codings_ax = {f_a:
FactorInfo(f_a, "categorical", {},
categories=["a1", "a2"]),
f_x:
FactorInfo(f_x, "numerical", {},
num_columns=2)}
term_codings_ax_extra_cm = OrderedDict([
(t_ax,
[SubtermInfo([f_a, f_x],
{f_a: ContrastMatrix(np.ones((2, 2)), ["[1]", "[2]"]),
f_x: ContrastMatrix(np.ones((2, 2)), ["[1]", "[2]"])},
4)])])
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["a[1]:x[1]", "a[2]:x[1]", "a[1]:x[2]", "a[2]:x[2]"],
factor_codings_ax,
term_codings_ax_extra_cm)
# no contrast matrix for a categorical factor
term_codings_ax_missing_cm = OrderedDict([
(t_ax,
[SubtermInfo([f_a, f_x],
{},
4)])])
# This actually fails before it hits the relevant check with a KeyError,
# but that's okay... the previous test still exercises the check.
assert_raises((ValueError, KeyError), DesignInfo,
["a[1]:x[1]", "a[2]:x[1]", "a[1]:x[2]", "a[2]:x[2]"],
factor_codings_ax,
term_codings_ax_missing_cm)
# subterm num_columns doesn't match the value computed from the individual
# factors
term_codings_ax_wrong_subterm_columns = OrderedDict([
(t_ax,
[SubtermInfo([f_a, f_x],
{f_a: ContrastMatrix(np.ones((2, 3)),
["[1]", "[2]", "[3]"])},
# should be 2 * 3 = 6
5)])])
assert_raises(ValueError, DesignInfo,
["a[1]:x[1]", "a[2]:x[1]", "a[3]:x[1]",
"a[1]:x[2]", "a[2]:x[2]", "a[3]:x[2]"],
factor_codings_ax,
term_codings_ax_wrong_subterm_columns)
print(data[["Label", "f1", "f2", data.columns[-1]]].head())
###################################################
# Let's train a logistic regression.
formula = "Label ~ {0}".format(" + ".join(data.columns[1:]))
print(formula[:50] + " + ...")
from microsoftml import rx_logistic_regression
try:
logregml = rx_logistic_regression(formula, data=data)
except Exception as e:
# The error is expected because patsy cannot handle
# so many features.
print(e)
#########################################
# Let's skip patsy's parser to manually define the formula
# with object `ModelDesc <http://patsy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/API-reference.html?highlight=lookupfactor#patsy.ModelDesc>`_.
from patsy.desc import ModelDesc, Term
from patsy.user_util import LookupFactor
patsy_features = [Term([LookupFactor(n)]) for n in data.columns[1:]][:10]
model_formula = ModelDesc([Term([LookupFactor("Label")])], [Term([])] + patsy_features)
print(model_formula.describe() + " + ...")
logregml = rx_logistic_regression(model_formula, data=data)
