def RunTrial(self, image, pos):
"""Runs a particular trial, which includes displaying the image to the
screen, and gathering the keypresses and their respective response times.
image: The filename of the image to display
pos: Coordinates (on 6x4 grid) where image will be displayed
return: tuple of first keypress info: (keyPress, reactionTime)
"""
ShownImage = ImageStim(self.window)
ShownImage.setPos(pos)
ShownImage.setSize((self.imageWidth, self.imageWidth))
ShownImage.setImage(self.imgDir + '/%s' % (image))
ShownImage.draw(self.window)
self.window.flip()
clearEvents()
self.clock.reset()
keypresses = []
if (self.selfPaced == False):
wait(self.trialDuration, self.trialDuration)
keypresses = getKeys(keyList=[
self.leftButton, self.rightButton, self.pauseButton, "escape"
],
timeStamped=self.clock)
elif (self.selfPaced == True):
keypresses = waitKeys(keyList=[
self.leftButton, self.rightButton, self.pauseButton, "escape"
],
timeStamped=self.clock)
self.window.flip()
wait(self.ISI)
if len(keypresses) < 1:
return '', 0
return keypresses[0][0], keypresses[0][1]
class MDTT(object):
def __init__(self, logfile, imgDir, subjectNum, screenType, numStim,
numBlocks, trialDuration, ISI, selfPaced, runPractice,
inputButtons, pauseButton):
self.logfile = logfile
self.imgDir = imgDir
self.subjectNum = subjectNum
self.numStim = numStim
self.numBlocks = numBlocks
self.trialDuration = trialDuration
self.selfPaced = selfPaced
self.ISI = ISI
self.numCats = 4
self.trialsPer = int((self.numStim / self.numCats) / 2)
self.runPractice = runPractice
self.leftButton = inputButtons[0]
self.rightButton = inputButtons[1]
self.pauseButton = pauseButton
#Set up window, center, left and right image sizes + positions
if (screenType == 'Windowed'):
screenSelect = False
elif (screenType == 'Fullscreen'):
screenSelect = True
self.window = Window(fullscr=screenSelect,
units='pix',
color='White',
allowGUI=False)
self.imageWidth = self.window.size[1] / 5.5
self.centerImage = ImageStim(self.window)
self.centerImage.setSize((self.imageWidth, self.imageWidth))
self.leftImage = ImageStim(self.window)
self.leftImage.setPos((-1.5 * self.imageWidth, 0))
self.leftImage.setSize((self.imageWidth, self.imageWidth))
self.rightImage = ImageStim(self.window)
self.rightImage.setPos((1.5 * self.imageWidth, 0))
self.rightImage.setSize((self.imageWidth, self.imageWidth))
self.clock = Clock()
#Init score list for 4 categories: [correct,incorrect,response]
self.scoreList = []
for i in range(0, 4):
self.scoreList.append([0, 0, 0])
def SplitRange(self, rangeMin, rangeMax, start=0):
"""Creates a pair of indexes separated by a value. The value itself
can be between a min-max range. Neither index can be an index that is
in a list of already used indexes.
rangeMin: minimum amount that indexes can be separated by
rangeMax: maximum amount that indexes can be separated by
start: start index of used list
return: a pair of indexes (index1,index2)
(-1,-1) if range split failed
"""
#Search through list of used indexes to ensure no duplicates
#Ignore start/end of list, as it's already used by primacy/recency
for i in range(0, self.numStim):
if (i in self.usedList):
continue
added = random.randint(rangeMin, rangeMax)
startPt = added
searchedRange = False
#Loop through the min to max range of added values
while not searchedRange:
if ((i + added < self.numStim)
and (i + added not in self.usedList)):
self.usedList.append(i)
self.usedList.append(i + added)
return (i, i + added)
if (added > rangeMin):
added -= 1
else:
added = rangeMax
if (added == startPt):
searchedRange = True
return (-1, -1)
def CreatePairsSpaced(self):
"""Creates a list, each element containing two indexes as well as a
trial type. The trial type is based upon the spacing of the indexes as
follows:
adjacent (1): numbers next to eachother e.g. (3,4) or (8,9)
eightish (2): numbers separated by between 7-9 e.g. (5,12) or (14,23)
sixteenish (3): numbers separated by between 15-17 e.g. (3,18) or (8,25)
primacy/recency: (4): start and end of list numbers e.g. (1,30) or (0,31)
Occassionally, the list will fail to successfully split into index pairs.
(SplitRange() returns (-1,-1) when this happens). The function will retry
the index splitting until all indexes are used
return: list containing elements each with: (index1,index2,trialType)
"""
startList = range(0, self.trialsPer)
endList = range(self.numStim - self.trialsPer, self.numStim)
trialOrder = range(0, (self.trialsPer * 3)) #3 categories besides P/R
random.shuffle(startList)
random.shuffle(endList)
#Attempt to split 0-31 range into 4 index categories
#Split fails if any one of the index pairs is (-1,-1) at end
def AttemptSplit():
# 3 categories besides P/R
trialOrder = range(0, (self.trialsPer * 3))
random.shuffle(trialOrder)
self.usedList = []
attemptList = []
finalList = []
#Add edge index pairs (primacy/recency)
for i in range(0, self.trialsPer):
finalList.append((startList[i], endList[i], 4))
self.usedList.append(startList[i])
self.usedList.append(endList[i])
#Add spaced (separated) pairs of indexes to list
for trial in trialOrder:
if (trial % 3 == 0): #Adjacent
(idxOne, idxTwo) = self.SplitRange(1, 1)
attemptList.append((idxOne, idxTwo, 1))
elif (trial % 3 == 1): #Eightish
(idxOne, idxTwo) = self.SplitRange(7, 9)
attemptList.append((idxOne, idxTwo, 2))
elif (trial % 3 == 2): #Sixteenish
(idxOne, idxTwo) = self.SplitRange(15, 17)
attemptList.append((idxOne, idxTwo, 3))
#Ensures PR trials (type 4) occur first. Randomize successive trials
random.shuffle(attemptList)
finalList.extend(attemptList)
return finalList
#Try AttemptSplit() until index split is successful
splitSuccess = False
while (not splitSuccess):
splitList = AttemptSplit()
foundError = False
for pair in splitList:
if ((pair[0] == -1) or (pair[1] == -1)):
foundError = True
if (foundError == True):
continue
else:
splitSuccess = True
return splitList
def RunTrialSingle(self, img):
"""Displays a single image at the center of the screen for a period of
time, and captures keypresses and their respective reaction times.
img: the image to Displays
return: a list of keypresses and respective reaction times
"""
self.centerImage.setImage(self.imgDir + "/%s" % (img))
self.centerImage.draw(self.window)
clearEvents()
self.window.flip()
self.clock.reset()
keyPresses = []
if (self.selfPaced == False):
wait(self.trialDuration, self.trialDuration)
keyPresses = getKeys(keyList=[
self.leftButton, self.rightButton, self.pauseButton, "escape"
],
timeStamped=self.clock)
elif (self.selfPaced == True):
keyPresses = waitKeys(keyList=[
self.leftButton, self.rightButton, self.pauseButton, "escape"
],
timeStamped=self.clock)
self.window.flip()
wait(self.ISI)
return keyPresses
def RunTrialDual(self, leftImg, rightImg):
"""Displays two images on the screen for a period of time, and captures
keypresses and their respective reaction times.
leftimg: the image to display on the left
rightimg: the image to display on the right
return: a list of keypresses and respective reaction times
"""
self.leftImage.setImage(self.imgDir + "/%s" % (leftImg))
self.rightImage.setImage(self.imgDir + "/%s" % (rightImg))
self.leftImage.draw(self.window)
self.rightImage.draw(self.window)
clearEvents()
self.window.flip()
self.clock.reset()
if (self.selfPaced == False):
wait(self.trialDuration, self.trialDuration)
keyPresses = getKeys(keyList=[
self.leftButton, self.rightButton, self.pauseButton, "escape"
],
timeStamped=self.clock)
elif (self.selfPaced == True):
keyPresses = waitKeys(keyList=[
self.leftButton, self.rightButton, self.pauseButton, "escape"
],
timeStamped=self.clock)
self.window.flip()
wait(self.ISI)
return keyPresses
def RunStudy(self, imageBlock, session):
"""Runs the study, i.e. the first half of each experimental block.
Writes all relevant information about the study to a logfile.
imageBlock: List of images to display during the study
session: the number of the session (block number) that is running
"""
studyPrompt = (
"Test Session {}/{}: Are the following objects indoor or outdoor?\n\n('{}' to continue)"
.format(session, 10, self.pauseButton))
studyText = TextStim(self.window, studyPrompt, color='Black')
studyText.draw(self.window)
self.window.flip()
continueKey = waitKeys(keyList=[self.pauseButton, 'escape'])
if (continueKey[0] == 'escape'):
self.logfile.write("\n\n\nStudy Not Run Early\n\n\n")
return
self.logfile.write("\nBegin Study %d\n" % (session))
self.logfile.write("{h1:<6}{h2:<23}{h3:<10}{h4}\n".format(
h1="Trial", h2="Image", h3="Response", h4="RT"))
#Run trial for each image in the image block
for i in range(0, len(imageBlock)):
keyPresses = self.RunTrialSingle(imageBlock[i])
if (keyPresses == []):
respKey = ''
respRT = 0
else:
respKey = keyPresses[0][0]
respRT = keyPresses[0][1]
if (respKey == "escape"):
self.logfile.write("\n\n\nStudy block terminated early\n\n\n")
break
elif (respKey == self.pauseButton):
self.Pause()
self.logfile.write("{:^5}{:<23}{:^11}{:<1.3f}\n".format(
i + 1, imageBlock[i], respKey, respRT))
return
def RunTest(self, imageBlock, pairList, session):
"""Runs the test, i.e. the second half of each experimental block.
Wites all relevant information about the test to a logfile
imageBlock: List of images to display during the test
pairList: List of paired image indexes w/ trial type
session: the number of the session (block number) that is running
"""
testPrompt = (
"In this phase, the same series of objects will be shown\n\nWhich came first: Left or Right?\n\n('{}' to continue)"
.format(self.pauseButton))
testText = TextStim(self.window, testPrompt, color='Black')
testText.draw(self.window)
self.window.flip()
continueKey = waitKeys(keyList=[self.pauseButton, 'escape'])
if (continueKey[0] == 'escape'):
self.logfile.write("\n\n\nTest Not Run\n\n\n")
return 0
self.logfile.write("\nBegin Test %d\n" % (session))
lghead = "{a:<7}{b:<7}{c:<23}{d:<23}{e:<7}{f:<7}{g:<10}{h:<7}{i}\n".format(
a="Trial",
b="TType",
c="LeftImage",
d="RightImage",
e="LNum",
f="RNum",
g="CorResp",
h="Resp",
i="RT")
self.logfile.write(lghead)
#Randomize if pair is shown: (bef > aft) or (aft > bef) order
sideOrder = range(0, len(pairList))
random.shuffle(sideOrder)
correct = ''
keyPresses = []
#Run dual image trial for each pair in the pairlist
for i in range(0, len(pairList)):
trialNum = i + 1
trialType = pairList[i][2]
firstIdx = pairList[i][0]
secondIdx = pairList[i][1]
firstImg = imageBlock[pairList[i][0]]
secondImg = imageBlock[pairList[i][1]]
#Preserve the order images were shown in
if (sideOrder[i] % 2 == 0):
correct = self.leftButton
leftIdx = firstIdx
rightIdx = secondIdx
leftImg = firstImg
rightImg = secondImg
keyPresses = self.RunTrialDual(leftImg, rightImg)
#Reverse order images were shown
elif (sideOrder[i] % 2 == 1):
correct = self.rightButton
leftIdx = secondIdx
rightIdx = firstIdx
leftImg = secondImg
rightImg = firstImg
keyPresses = self.RunTrialDual(leftImg, rightImg)
#Get first response, or set to none if no response
if (keyPresses == []):
respKey = ''
respRT = 0
else:
respKey = keyPresses[0][0]
respRT = keyPresses[0][1]
#Break out of image block with escape, break out of program with f5
if (respKey == 'escape'):
self.logfile.write("\n\nTest block terminated early\n\n")
break
elif (respKey == self.pauseButton):
self.Pause()
#Keep track of score
if (respKey):
self.scoreList[pairList[i][2] - 1][2] += 1
if (respKey == correct):
self.scoreList[pairList[i][2] - 1][0] += 1
else:
self.scoreList[pairList[i][2] - 1][1] += 1
#Write info to logfile
lgspace = "{:^5}{:^9}{:<23}{:<23}{:<7}{:<10}{:<8}{:<6}{:<1.3f}\n"
lgform = (lgspace.format(trialNum, trialType, leftImg, rightImg,
leftIdx, rightIdx, correct, respKey,
respRT))
self.logfile.write(lgform)
return 1
def Pause(self):
"""Pauses the task, and displays a message waiting for a spacebar
input from the user before continuing to proceed.
"""
pauseMsg = "Experiment Paused\n\nPress '{}' to continue".format(
self.pauseButton)
pauseText = TextStim(self.window,
text=pauseMsg,
color='Black',
height=40)
pauseText.draw(self.window)
self.window.flip()
waitKeys(keyList=[self.pauseButton])
clearEvents()
def SegmentPracticeImages(self, images):
'''
Return the indexes for the test, it will index the image list from study:
[[index_left_image, index_right_image, trialType]]
'''
# Since we know that the images are already randomized, we can just iterate over them
# In order for the code to work, we want 4 practice images per practice block
if len(images) != 4:
print "Assertion error: length of practice images is not equal to 4"
self.window.close()
sys.exit()
# Trial type of 4 means long distance
large_dist = (0, 3, 4) if random.random() > .5 else (3, 0, 4)
mid_dist_1 = (0, 2, 2) if random.random() > .5 else (2, 0, 2)
mid_dist_2 = (1, 3, 2) if random.random() > .5 else (3, 1, 2)
adjacent = (0, 1, 1) if random.random() > .5 else (1, 0, 1)
adjacent_2 = (1, 2, 1) if random.random() > .5 else (2, 1, 1)
adjacent = adjacent if random.random() > .5 else adjacent_2
all = [large_dist, mid_dist_1, mid_dist_2, adjacent]
random.shuffle(all)
return all
def ShowPromptAndWaitForSpace(self, prompt, keylist=['space', 'escape']):
'''
Show the prompt on the screen and wait for space, or the keylist specified
returns the key pressed
'''
keylist = [self.pauseButton, 'escape']
text = TextStim(self.window, prompt, color='Black')
text.draw(self.window)
self.window.flip()
continueKey = waitKeys(keyList=keylist)
if len(continueKey) != 0 and continueKey[0] == 'escape':
self.logfile.write("Terminated early.")
self.logfile.close()
sys.exit()
return continueKey
def RunSinglePractice(self, practiceBlock, imgs):
'''
Read in the images we want, and run the practice block for this subject
Run encoding and test, and write to the logs
Return:
float: ratio correct
'''
random.shuffle(imgs)
### Encoding
# imgs = [[img, trialType, Study(x,y), Test(x,y)]]
testIdxs = self.SegmentPracticeImages(imgs)
self.ShowPromptAndWaitForSpace(
" Indoor or Outdoor?\n\n('{}' to continue)".format(
self.pauseButton))
self.logfile.write("\nBegin Practice Study {}\n".format(practiceBlock))
self.logfile.write("{h1:<6}{h2:<23}{h3:<10}{h4}\n".format(
h1="Trial", h2="Image", h3="Response", h4="RT"))
# Run the trial for each encoding trial
for i in range(0, len(imgs)):
keyPresses = self.RunTrialSingle(imgs[i])
if (keyPresses == []):
respKey = ''
respRT = 0
else:
respKey = keyPresses[0][0]
respRT = keyPresses[0][1]
if (respKey == "escape"):
self.logfile.write("\n\n\nStudy block terminated early\n\n\n")
break
elif (respKey == self.pauseButton):
self.Pause()
self.logfile.write("{:^5}{:<23}{:^11}{:<1.3f}\n".format(
i + 1, imgs[i], respKey, respRT))
### Test
self.ShowPromptAndWaitForSpace(
" Which came first? Left or right? ('{}' to continue)".format(
self.pauseButton))
self.logfile.write("\nBegin Practice Test {}\n".format(practiceBlock))
self.logfile.write(
"{a:<7}{b:<7}{c:<23}{d:<23}{e:<7}{f:<7}{g:<10}{h:<7}{i}\n".format(
a="Trial",
b="TType",
c="LeftImage",
d="RightImage",
e="LNum",
f="RNum",
g="CorResp",
h="Resp",
i="RT"))
# Keep track of the total number they got correct
totalCorrect = 0
for trialNum, idxes in enumerate(testIdxs):
leftImgIdx, rightImgIdx, trialType = idxes
leftImg = imgs[leftImgIdx]
rightImg = imgs[rightImgIdx]
keyPresses = self.RunTrialDual(leftImg, rightImg)
correct = self.leftButton if leftImgIdx < rightImgIdx else self.rightButton
#Get first response, or set to none if no response
if (keyPresses == []):
respKey = ''
respRT = 0
else:
respKey = keyPresses[0][0]
respRT = keyPresses[0][1]
#Break out of image block with escape, break out of program with f5
if (respKey == 'escape'):
self.logfile.write("\n\nPractice block terminated early\n\n")
self.logfile.close()
sys.exit()
#Write info to logfile
lgspace = "{:^5}{:^9}{:<23}{:<23}{:<7}{:<10}{:<8}{:<6}{:<1.3f}\n"
lgform = (lgspace.format(trialNum + 1, trialType, leftImg,
rightImg, leftImgIdx, rightImgIdx,
correct, respKey, respRT))
self.logfile.write(lgform)
if respKey == correct:
totalCorrect += 1
# Return the percentage correct
return totalCorrect / len(imgs)
def RunPractice(self):
'''
Runs three rounds of practice trials.
If the participant gets a certain amount correct, they move on to the real test.
'''
dirFiles = os.listdir(self.imgDir)
practiceImages = [img for img in dirFiles if "PR_" in img]
if len(practiceImages) == 0:
print "No practice images found"
self.window.close()
sys.exit()
random.shuffle(practiceImages)
# Split the practice images into three sets
practiceImages = np.array_split(practiceImages, 3)
# Run each practice session
for i in range(3):
practicePrompt = "Let's practice\n\n('{}' to continue)".format(
self.pauseButton)
self.ShowPromptAndWaitForSpace(practicePrompt)
results = self.RunSinglePractice(
i + 1, [img for img in practiceImages[i]])
# If they get a certain percentage correct, then stop the practice
self.ShowPromptAndWaitForSpace(
"You got {}% correct! ('{}' to continue)".format(
int(results * 100), self.pauseButton))
if results > .6:
return
def RunExp(self):
"""Runs through an instance of the MDT-T experiment, which includes
arranging the images into lists/sublists, running through a given
number of study/test blocks, and writing the scores to a logfile.
"""
#Print task ending message to the screen; wait for user to press escape
def EndExp():
exitPrompt = ("This concludes the session. Thank you for "
"participating!\n\nPress Escape to quit")
exitText = TextStim(self.window, exitPrompt, color='Black')
exitText.draw(self.window)
self.window.flip()
waitKeys(keyList=['escape'])
self.window.close()
# Run practice
if self.runPractice:
self.RunPractice()
#Put image files from folder into list
imageList = []
for img in os.listdir(self.imgDir):
if (
img[-4:] == ".jpg" and "PR_" not in img
): # Make sure that PR (practice image) is not included for study/tests
imageList.append(img)
random.shuffle(imageList)
#Divide imagelist into <numBlocks> # of lists, put into one list
#Each sublist contains <numStim> # of stimuli
imageBlockList = []
for i in range(0, self.numBlocks):
block = []
for j in range(i * self.numStim,
self.numStim + (i * self.numStim)):
block.append(imageList[j])
imageBlockList.append(block)
#Run through each study/test block
blockOrder = range(0, self.numBlocks)
random.shuffle(blockOrder)
writeScores = True
for i in range(0, len(blockOrder)):
pairList = self.CreatePairsSpaced()
self.RunStudy(imageBlockList[i], i + 1)
testFinished = self.RunTest(imageBlockList[i], pairList, i + 1)
if not testFinished:
writeScores = False
continue
EndExp()
#Return logfile and scorelist if all study/test blocks gone through
if writeScores:
return (self.logfile, self.scoreList)
else:
return (-1, -1)
'''Actual implementation of the experiment''' welcome_txt.draw() win.flip() waitKeys(keyList=[button_welcome_quit]) #display the welcome text, til people want to continue clearEvents() #makes sure that pressing the quit button before trial onset is ignored for trial_number in len(N_types): #for every trial that is implemented quitkey = getKeys(keyList = [button_quit]) #check if the quit button has been pressed last trial if len(quitkey) > 0: #if that's the case, break #stop the experiment (or at least, the trials / for-loop) if N_types[trial_number] < 5: #if the stimuli is supposed to be shown non-centrally (indicated by trial_type index) if N_types[trial_number] % 2 ==1: #if they're supposed to be shown left (i.e., their index is an odd number) example_mask.setPos(left) #all pictures are shown left example_target.setPos(left) example_foil.setPos(left) else: #if they're supposed to be shown on the right example_mask.setPos(right) #all pictures are shown right example_target.setPos(right) example_foil.setPos(right) else: #else they're showen in the center example_mask.setPos(center) #which is true for trials with indices of >= 5 example_target.setPos(center) example_foil.setPos(center) if fixation_cross == True: #implement a fixation cross, if requested fix.draw() win.flip() wait(0.1) #fixation cross is shown for 100ms before trial onset