def plot_state(rho, method='city'):
"""Plot the quantum state.
Args:
rho (ndarray): Density matrix representation
of a quantum state vector or mized state.
method (str): Plotting method to use.
Note:
If input is a state vector, you must first
convert to density matrix via `qiskit.tools.qi.qi.outer`.
"""
num = int(np.log2(len(rho)))
# Need updating to check its a matrix
if method == 'city':
plot_state_city(rho)
elif method == "paulivec":
plot_state_paulivec(rho)
elif method == "qsphere":
plot_state_qsphere(rho)
elif method == "bloch":
for i in range(num):
bloch_state = list(
map(lambda x: np.real(np.trace(np.dot(x.to_matrix(), rho))),
pauli_singles(i, num)))
plot_bloch_vector(bloch_state, "qubit " + str(i))
elif method == "wigner":
plot_wigner_function(rho)
def test_pauli_singles(self):
qubit_index = 3
num_qubits = 5
ps = pauli_singles(qubit_index, num_qubits)
self.assertEqual(ps[0].to_label(), 'IIXII')
self.assertEqual(ps[1].to_label(), 'IIYII')
self.assertEqual(ps[2].to_label(), 'IIZII')
def plot_state(quantum_state, method='city', filename=None):
"""Plot the quantum state.
Args:
quantum_state (ndarray): statevector or density matrix
representation of a quantum state.
method (str): Plotting method to use.
filename (str): the output file to save the plot as. If specified it
will save and exit and not open up the plot in a new window. If
`bloch` method is used a `-n` will be added to the filename before
the extension for each qubit.
Raises:
VisualizationError: if the input is not a statevector or density
matrix, or if the state is not an multi-qubit quantum state.
"""
# Check if input is a statevector, and convert to density matrix
rho = np.array(quantum_state)
if rho.ndim == 1:
rho = np.outer(rho, np.conj(rho))
# Check the shape of the input is a square matrix
shape = np.shape(rho)
if len(shape) != 2 or shape[0] != shape[1]:
raise VisualizationError("Input is not a valid quantum state.")
# Check state is an n-qubit state
num = int(np.log2(len(rho)))
if 2**num != len(rho):
raise VisualizationError("Input is not a multi-qubit quantum state.")
if method == 'city':
plot_state_city(rho, filename=filename)
elif method == "paulivec":
plot_state_paulivec(rho, filename=filename)
elif method == "qsphere":
plot_state_qsphere(rho, filename=filename)
elif method == "bloch":
orig_filename = filename
for i in range(num):
if orig_filename:
filename_parts = orig_filename.split('.')
filename_parts[-2] += '-%d' % i
filename = '.'.join(filename_parts)
print(filename)
bloch_state = list(
map(lambda x: np.real(np.trace(np.dot(x.to_matrix(), rho))),
pauli_singles(i, num)))
plot_bloch_vector(bloch_state,
"qubit " + str(i),
filename=filename)
elif method == "wigner":
plot_wigner_function(rho, filename=filename)
def plot_state(rho, method='city'):
"""Plot the quantum state."""
num = int(np.log2(len(rho)))
# Need updating to check its a matrix
if method == 'city':
plot_state_city(rho)
elif method == "paulivec":
plot_state_paulivec(rho)
elif method == "qsphere":
plot_state_qsphere(rho)
elif method == "bloch":
for i in range(num):
bloch_state = list(
map(lambda x: np.real(np.trace(np.dot(x.to_matrix(), rho))),
pauli_singles(i, num)))
plot_bloch_vector(bloch_state, "qubit " + str(i))
else:
print("No method given")
def plot_state(rho, method='city'):
"""Plot the quantum state."""
num = int(np.log2(len(rho)))
# Need updating to check its a matrix
if method == 'city':
plot_state_city(rho)
elif method == "paulivec":
plot_state_paulivec(rho)
elif method == "qsphere":
plot_state_qsphere(rho)
elif method == "bloch":
for i in range(num):
bloch_state = list(map(lambda x: np.real(np.trace(
np.dot(x.to_matrix(), rho))),
pauli_singles(i, num)))
plot_bloch_vector(bloch_state, "qubit " + str(i))
elif method == "wigner":
plot_wigner_function(rho)
def plot_state(quantum_state, method='city'):
"""Plot the quantum state.
Args:
quantum_state (ndarray): statevector or density matrix
representation of a quantum state.
method (str): Plotting method to use.
Raises:
VisualizationError: if the input is not a statevector or density
matrix, or if the state is not an multi-qubit quantum state.
"""
# Check if input is a statevector, and convert to density matrix
rho = np.array(quantum_state)
if rho.ndim == 1:
rho = np.outer(rho, np.conj(rho))
# Check the shape of the input is a square matrix
shape = np.shape(rho)
if len(shape) != 2 or shape[0] != shape[1]:
raise VisualizationError("Input is not a valid quantum state.")
# Check state is an n-qubit state
num = int(np.log2(len(rho)))
if 2**num != len(rho):
raise VisualizationError("Input is not a multi-qubit quantum state.")
if method == 'city':
plot_state_city(rho)
elif method == "paulivec":
plot_state_paulivec(rho)
elif method == "qsphere":
plot_state_qsphere(rho)
elif method == "bloch":
for i in range(num):
bloch_state = list(
map(lambda x: np.real(np.trace(np.dot(x.to_matrix(), rho))),
pauli_singles(i, num)))
plot_bloch_vector(bloch_state, "qubit " + str(i))
elif method == "wigner":
plot_wigner_function(rho)
def iplot_blochsphere(rho, options=None):
""" Create a bloch sphere representation.
Graphical representation of the input array, using as much bloch
spheres as qubit are required.
Args:
rho (array): Density matrix
options (dict): Representation settings containing
- width (integer): graph horizontal size
- height (integer): graph vertical size
"""
# HTML
html_template = Template("""
<p>
<div id="content_$divNumber" style="position: absolute; z-index: 1;">
<div id="bloch_$divNumber"></div>
</div>
</p>
""")
# JavaScript
javascript_template = Template("""
<script>
requirejs.config({
paths: {
qVisualization: "https://qvisualization.mybluemix.net/q-visualizations"
}
});
data = $data;
dataValues = [];
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
// Coordinates
var x = data[i][0];
var y = data[i][1];
var z = data[i][2];
var point = {'x': x,
'y': y,
'z': z};
dataValues.push(point);
}
require(["qVisualization"], function(qVisualizations) {
// Plot figure
qVisualizations.plotState("bloch_$divNumber",
"bloch",
dataValues,
$options);
});
</script>
""")
if not options:
options = {}
# Process data and execute
num = int(np.log2(len(rho)))
bloch_data = []
for i in range(num):
bloch_state = list(
map(lambda x: np.real(np.trace(np.dot(x.to_matrix(), rho))),
pauli_singles(i, num)))
bloch_data.append(bloch_state)
div_number = str(time.time())
div_number = re.sub('[.]', '', div_number)
html = html_template.substitute({'divNumber': div_number})
javascript = javascript_template.substitute({
'data': bloch_data,
'divNumber': div_number,
'options': options
})
display(HTML(html + javascript))