def test_components() -> None:
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ += qf.H(0)
circ += qf.H(1)
dag = qf.DAGCircuit(circ)
assert dag.component_nb() == 2
circ += qf.CNot(0, 1)
dag = qf.DAGCircuit(circ)
assert dag.component_nb() == 1
circ0 = qf.ghz_circuit([0, 2, 4, 6, 8])
circ1 = qf.ghz_circuit([1, 3, 5, 7, 9])
circ = circ0 + circ1
dag = qf.DAGCircuit(circ)
comps = dag.components()
assert dag.component_nb() == 2
assert len(comps) == 2
circ0 = qf.Circuit(qf.QFTGate([0, 2, 4, 6]).decompose())
circ1 = qf.ghz_circuit([1, 3, 5, 7])
circ += circ0
circ += circ1
circ += qf.H(10)
dag = qf.DAGCircuit(circ)
comps = dag.components()
assert dag.component_nb() == 3
assert len(comps) == 3
def test_CH() -> None:
gate1 = qf.CH(0, 1)
# I picked up this circuit for a CH gate from qiskit
# qiskit/extensions/standard/ch.py
# But it clearly far too long. CH is locally equivalent to CNOT,
# so requires only one CNOT gate.
circ2 = qf.Circuit([
qf.H(1),
qf.S_H(1),
qf.CNot(0, 1),
qf.H(1),
qf.T(1),
qf.CNot(0, 1),
qf.T(1),
qf.H(1),
qf.S(1),
qf.X(1),
qf.S(0),
])
assert qf.gates_close(gate1, circ2.asgate())
# Here's a better decomposition
circ1 = qf.Circuit([qf.YPow(+0.25, 1), qf.CNot(0, 1), qf.YPow(-0.25, 1)])
assert qf.gates_close(gate1, circ1.asgate())
assert qf.circuits_close(circ1, circ2)
def test_CH():
# Construct a controlled Hadamard gate
gate = qf.identity_gate(2)
gate = qf.S(1).H @ gate
gate = qf.H(1) @ gate
gate = qf.T(1).H @ gate
gate = qf.CNOT(0, 1) @ gate
gate = qf.T(1) @ gate
gate = qf.H(1) @ gate
gate = qf.S(1) @ gate
# Do nothing
ket = qf.zero_state(2)
ket = gate.run(ket)
assert qf.states_close(ket, qf.zero_state(2))
# Do nothing
ket = qf.zero_state(2)
ket = qf.X(0).run(ket)
ket = gate.run(ket)
ket = qf.H(1).run(ket)
ket = qf.X(0).run(ket)
assert qf.states_close(ket, qf.zero_state(2))
def test_components():
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ += qf.H(0)
circ += qf.H(1)
dag = qf.DAGCircuit(circ)
assert dag.component_nb() == 2
circ += qf.CNOT(0, 1)
dag = qf.DAGCircuit(circ)
assert dag.component_nb() == 1
circ0 = qf.ghz_circuit([0, 2, 4, 6, 8])
circ1 = qf.ghz_circuit([1, 3, 5, 7, 9])
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ.extend(circ0)
circ.extend(circ1)
dag = qf.DAGCircuit(circ)
comps = dag.components()
assert dag.component_nb() == 2
circ0 = qf.qft_circuit([0, 2, 4, 6])
circ1 = qf.ghz_circuit([1, 3, 5, 7])
circ.extend(circ0)
circ.extend(circ1)
circ += qf.H(10)
dag = qf.DAGCircuit(circ)
comps = dag.components()
assert dag.component_nb() == 3
assert len(comps) == 3
def test_join_gates():
gate = qf.join_gates(qf.H(0), qf.X(1))
ket = qf.zero_state(2)
ket = gate.run(ket)
ket = qf.H(0).run(ket)
ket = qf.X(1).run(ket)
assert qf.states_close(ket, qf.zero_state(2))
def test_gates_to_latex():
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ += qf.I(7)
circ += qf.X(0)
circ += qf.Y(1)
circ += qf.Z(2)
circ += qf.H(3)
circ += qf.S(4)
circ += qf.T(5)
circ += qf.S_H(6)
circ += qf.T_H(7)
circ += qf.RX(-0.5*pi, 0)
circ += qf.RY(0.5*pi, 1)
circ += qf.RZ((1/3)*pi, 1)
circ += qf.RY(0.222, 1)
circ += qf.TX(0.5, 0)
circ += qf.TY(0.5, 1)
circ += qf.TZ(0.4, 1)
circ += qf.TZ(0.47276, 1)
# Gate with cunning hack
gate = qf.RZ(0.4, 1)
gate.params['theta'] = qf.Parameter('\\theta')
circ += gate
circ += qf.CNOT(1, 2)
circ += qf.CNOT(2, 1)
circ += qf.CZ(1, 3)
circ += qf.SWAP(1, 5)
circ += qf.ISWAP(4, 2)
# circ += qf.Barrier(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) # Not yet supported
circ += qf.CCNOT(1, 2, 3)
circ += qf.CSWAP(4, 5, 6)
circ += qf.P0(0)
circ += qf.P1(1)
circ += qf.Reset(2)
circ += qf.Reset(4, 5, 6)
circ += qf.H(4)
# circ += qf.Reset() # FIXME. Should fail with clear error message
circ += qf.XX(0.25, 1, 3)
circ += qf.YY(0.75, 1, 3)
circ += qf.ZZ(1/3, 3, 1)
circ += qf.Measure(0)
latex = qf.circuit_to_latex(circ)
print(latex)
def test_cnot_reverse() -> None:
# Hadamards reverse control on CNot
gate0 = qf.H(0) @ qf.IdentityGate([0, 1])
gate0 = qf.H(1) @ gate0
gate0 = qf.CNot(1, 0) @ gate0
gate0 = qf.H(0) @ gate0
gate0 = qf.H(1) @ gate0
assert qf.gates_close(qf.CNot(0, 1), gate0)
def test_circuit_to_qutip() -> None:
q0, q1, q2 = 0, 1, 2
circ0 = qf.Circuit()
circ0 += qf.I(q0)
circ0 += qf.Ph(0.1, q0)
circ0 += qf.X(q0)
circ0 += qf.Y(q1)
circ0 += qf.Z(q0)
circ0 += qf.S(q1)
circ0 += qf.T(q2)
circ0 += qf.H(q0)
circ0 += qf.H(q1)
circ0 += qf.H(q2)
circ0 += qf.CNot(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.CNot(q1, q0)
circ0 += qf.Swap(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.ISwap(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.CCNot(q0, q1, q2)
circ0 += qf.CSwap(q0, q1, q2)
circ0 == qf.I(q0)
circ0 += qf.Rx(0.1, q0)
circ0 += qf.Ry(0.2, q1)
circ0 += qf.Rz(0.3, q2)
circ0 += qf.V(q0)
circ0 += qf.H(q1)
circ0 += qf.CY(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.CZ(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.CS(q1, q2)
circ0 += qf.CT(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.SqrtSwap(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.SqrtISwap(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.CCNot(q0, q1, q2)
circ0 += qf.CSwap(q0, q1, q2)
circ0 += qf.CPhase(0.1, q1, q2)
# Not yet supported
# circ0 += qf.B(q1, q2)
# circ0 += qf.Swap(q1, q2) ** 0.1
qbc = xqutip.circuit_to_qutip(circ0)
U = gate_sequence_product(qbc.propagators())
gate0 = qf.Unitary(U.full(), qubits=[0, 1, 2])
assert qf.gates_close(gate0, circ0.asgate())
circ1 = xqutip.qutip_to_circuit(qbc)
assert qf.gates_close(circ0.asgate(), circ1.asgate())
def test_circuits_close() -> None:
circ0 = qf.Circuit([qf.H(0)])
circ1 = qf.Circuit([qf.H(2)])
assert not qf.circuits_close(circ0, circ1)
circ2 = qf.Circuit([qf.X(0)])
assert not qf.circuits_close(circ0, circ2)
circ3 = qf.Circuit([qf.H(0)])
assert qf.circuits_close(circ0, circ3)
def test_cnot_reverse():
# Hadamards reverse control on CNOT
gate0 = qf.identity_gate(2)
gate0 = qf.H(0) @ gate0
gate0 = qf.H(1) @ gate0
gate0 = qf.CNOT(1, 0) @ gate0
gate0 = qf.H(0) @ gate0
gate0 = qf.H(1) @ gate0
assert qf.gates_close(qf.CNOT(), gate0)
def test_count():
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ += qf.H(0)
circ += qf.H(1)
circ += qf.H(1)
op_count = qf.count_operations(circ)
assert op_count == {qf.H: 3}
circ = qf.addition_circuit([0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7])
op_count = qf.count_operations(circ)
assert op_count == {qf.CNOT: 13, qf.CCNOT: 6}
def test_create():
gen = [qf.H(i) for i in range(8)]
circ1 = qf.Circuit(list(gen))
circ1.run(qf.zero_state(8))
circ2 = qf.Circuit(gen)
circ2.run(qf.zero_state(8))
circ3 = qf.Circuit(qf.H(i) for i in range(8))
circ3.run(qf.zero_state(8))
def test_add() -> None:
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ += qf.H(0)
circ += qf.H(1)
circ += qf.H(1)
assert len(list(circ)) == 3
circ = circ + circ
assert len(circ) == 6
circ += circ
assert len(circ) == 12
def test_add():
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ += qf.H(0)
circ += qf.H(1)
circ += qf.H(1)
assert len(list(circ)) == 3
circ = circ + circ
assert len(list(circ.elements)) == 6
circ += circ
assert len(list(circ.elements)) == 12
def test_on() -> None:
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ += qf.H(0)
circ += qf.H(1)
dag = qf.DAGCircuit(circ)
dag = dag.on(2, 3)
assert dag.qubits == (2, 3)
dag = dag.rewire({2: 4, 3: 6})
assert dag.qubits == (4, 6)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
dag.on(2, 3, 5)
def test_circuit_to_circ() -> None:
q0, q1, q2 = "q0", "q1", "q2"
circ0 = qf.Circuit()
circ0 += qf.I(q0)
circ0 += qf.X(q1)
circ0 += qf.Y(q2)
circ0 += qf.Z(q0)
circ0 += qf.S(q1)
circ0 += qf.T(q2)
circ0 += qf.H(q0)
circ0 += qf.H(q1)
circ0 += qf.H(q2)
circ0 += qf.XPow(0.6, q0)
circ0 += qf.YPow(0.6, q1)
circ0 += qf.ZPow(0.6, q2)
circ0 += qf.XX(0.2, q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.YY(0.3, q1, q2)
circ0 += qf.ZZ(0.4, q2, q0)
circ0 += qf.CZ(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.CNot(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.Swap(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.ISwap(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.CCZ(q0, q1, q2)
circ0 += qf.CCNot(q0, q1, q2)
circ0 += qf.CSwap(q0, q1, q2)
circ0 += qf.FSim(1, 2, q0, q1)
diag0 = qf.circuit_to_diagram(circ0)
# print()
# print(diag0)
cqc = circuit_to_cirq(circ0)
# print(cqc)
circ1 = cirq_to_circuit(cqc)
diag1 = qf.circuit_to_diagram(circ1)
# print()
# print(diag1)
assert diag0 == diag1
def test_inverse():
# Random circuit
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ += qf.TY(1 / 2, 0)
circ += qf.H(0)
circ += qf.TY(1 / 2, 1)
circ += qf.TX(1.23123, 1)
circ += qf.CNOT(0, 1)
circ += qf.TX(-1 / 2, 1)
circ += qf.TY(4.71572463191 / pi, 1)
circ += qf.CNOT(0, 1)
circ += qf.TX(-2 * 2.74973750579 / pi, 0)
circ += qf.TX(-2 * 2.74973750579 / pi, 1)
circ_inv = circ.H
ket = circ.run()
qf.print_state(ket)
ket = circ_inv.run(ket)
qf.print_state(ket)
print(ket.qubits)
print(true_ket().qubits)
assert qf.states_close(ket, qf.zero_state(2))
ket = qf.zero_state(2)
circ.extend(circ_inv)
ket = circ.run(ket)
assert qf.states_close(ket, qf.zero_state(2))
def test_inverse() -> None:
# Random circuit
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ += qf.YPow(1 / 2, 0)
circ += qf.H(0)
circ += qf.YPow(1 / 2, 1)
circ += qf.XPow(1.23123, 1)
circ += qf.CNot(0, 1)
circ += qf.XPow(-1 / 2, 1)
circ += qf.YPow(4.71572463191 / np.pi, 1)
circ += qf.CNot(0, 1)
circ += qf.XPow(-2 * 2.74973750579 / np.pi, 0)
circ += qf.XPow(-2 * 2.74973750579 / np.pi, 1)
circ_inv = circ.H
ket = circ.run()
# qf.print_state(ket)
ket = circ_inv.run(ket)
# qf.print_state(ket)
# print(ket.qubits)
# print(true_ket().qubits)
assert qf.states_close(ket, qf.zero_state(2))
ket = qf.zero_state(2)
circ += circ_inv
ket = circ.run(ket)
assert qf.states_close(ket, qf.zero_state(2))
def test_control_gate() -> None:
gate0 = qf.ControlGate([0], qf.X(1))
gate1 = qf.CNot(0, 1)
assert qf.gates_close(gate0, gate1)
gateb = qf.ControlGate([1], qf.X(0))
gate2 = qf.CNot(1, 0)
assert qf.gates_close(gateb, gate2)
gate3 = qf.ControlGate([0], qf.Y(1))
gate4 = qf.CY(0, 1)
assert qf.gates_close(gate3, gate4)
gate5 = qf.ControlGate([0], qf.Z(1))
gate6 = qf.CZ(0, 1)
assert qf.gates_close(gate5, gate6)
gate7 = qf.ControlGate([0], qf.H(1))
gate8 = qf.CH(0, 1)
assert qf.gates_close(gate7, gate8)
gate9 = qf.ControlGate([0, 1], qf.X(2))
gate10 = qf.CCNot(0, 1, 2)
assert qf.gates_close(gate9, gate10)
gate11 = qf.ControlGate([0], qf.Swap(1, 2))
gate12 = qf.CSwap(0, 1, 2)
assert qf.gates_close(gate11, gate12)
def test_parametric_TX_TY_TZ():
gate = qf.I()
gate = qf.TZ(1 / 2) @ gate
gate = qf.TX(1 / 2) @ gate
gate = qf.TZ(1 / 2) @ gate
assert qf.gates_close(gate, qf.H())
def test_gradients() -> None:
# This test only checks that code runs, not that we get correct answers
# graph = nx.grid_graph([2, 3])
graph = nx.grid_graph([2, 1])
layers = 2
params = qf.graph_circuit_params(graph, layers)
circ = qf.graph_circuit(graph, layers, params)
circ += qf.H((1, 1)) # add a non-parameterized gate. Should be ignored
qubits = circ.qubits
ket0 = qf.zero_state(qubits)
ket1 = qf.random_state(qubits)
grads0 = qf.state_fidelity_gradients(ket0, ket1, circ)
# print(grads0)
_ = qf.state_angle_gradients(ket0, ket1, circ)
# print(grads1)
proj = qf.Projection([ket1])
grads2 = qf.expectation_gradients(ket0, circ, hermitian=proj)
# print(grads2)
# Check that qf.expectation_gradients() gives same answers for
# fidelity as f.state_fidelity_gradients()
for g0, g1 in zip(grads0, grads2):
assert np.isclose(g0, g1)
print(g0, g1)
def test_RN():
for _ in range(REPS):
theta = random.uniform(-2 * pi, +2 * pi)
nx = random.uniform(0, 1)
ny = random.uniform(0, 1)
nz = random.uniform(0, 1)
L = np.sqrt(nx**2 + ny**2 + nz**2)
nx /= L
ny /= L
nz /= L
gate = qf.RN(theta, nx, ny, nz)
assert qf.almost_unitary(gate)
gate2 = qf.RN(-theta, nx, ny, nz)
assert qf.gates_close(gate.H, gate2)
assert qf.gates_close(gate**-1, gate2)
theta = 1.23
gate = qf.RN(theta, 1, 0, 0)
assert qf.gates_close(gate, qf.RX(theta))
gate = qf.RN(theta, 0, 1, 0)
assert qf.gates_close(gate, qf.RY(theta))
gate = qf.RN(theta, 0, 0, 1)
assert qf.gates_close(gate, qf.RZ(theta))
gate = qf.RN(pi, np.sqrt(2), 0, np.sqrt(2))
assert qf.gates_close(gate, qf.H())
def test_unitary_1qubit():
assert qf.almost_unitary(qf.X())
assert qf.almost_unitary(qf.Y())
assert qf.almost_unitary(qf.Z())
assert qf.almost_unitary(qf.H())
assert qf.almost_unitary(qf.S())
assert qf.almost_unitary(qf.T())
def swap_test(ket, q0: qf.Qubit, q1: qf.Qubit, q2: qf.Qubit) -> qf.QubitTensor:
"""
Apply a Swap Test to measure fidelity between qubits q1 and q2.
Qubit q0 is an ancilla, which should be zero state initially. The qubits
cannot be initially entangled.
"""
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ += qf.H(q0)
circ += qf.CSwap(q0, q1, q2)
circ += qf.H(q0)
circ += qf.P0(q0) # Measure
ket = circ.run(ket)
fid = 2 * ket.norm() - 1.0 # return fidelity
return fid
def test_sample() -> None:
ket = qf.zero_state(2)
ket = qf.H(0).run(ket)
ket = qf.CNot(0, 1).run(ket)
samples = ket.sample(10)
assert samples.sum() == 10
def test_expectation():
ket = qf.zero_state(1)
ket = qf.H(0).run(ket)
m = ket.expectation([0.4, 0.6])
assert qf.asarray(m) - 0.5 == ALMOST_ZERO
m = ket.expectation([0.4, 0.6], 10)
def test_cirq_simulator() -> None:
q0, q1, q2 = "q0", "q1", "q2"
circ0 = qf.Circuit()
circ0 += qf.I(q0)
circ0 += qf.I(q1)
circ0 += qf.I(q2)
circ0 += qf.X(q1)
circ0 += qf.Y(q2)
circ0 += qf.Z(q0)
circ0 += qf.S(q1)
circ0 += qf.T(q2)
circ0 += qf.H(q0)
circ0 += qf.H(q1)
circ0 += qf.H(q2)
circ0 += qf.XPow(0.6, q0)
circ0 += qf.YPow(0.6, q1)
circ0 += qf.ZPow(0.6, q2)
circ0 += qf.XX(0.2, q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.YY(0.3, q1, q2)
circ0 += qf.ZZ(0.4, q2, q0)
circ0 += qf.CZ(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.CNot(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.Swap(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.ISwap(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.CCZ(q0, q1, q2)
circ0 += qf.CCNot(q0, q1, q2)
circ0 += qf.CSwap(q0, q1, q2)
ket0 = qf.random_state([q0, q1, q2])
ket1 = circ0.run(ket0)
sim = CirqSimulator(circ0)
ket2 = sim.run(ket0)
assert ket1.qubits == ket2.qubits
print(qf.state_angle(ket1, ket2))
assert qf.states_close(ket1, ket2)
assert qf.states_close(circ0.run(), sim.run())
def test_expectation() -> None:
ket = qf.zero_state(1)
ket = qf.H(0).run(ket)
m = ket.expectation([0.4, 0.6])
assert np.isclose(m, 0.5)
ket.expectation([0.4, 0.6], 10)
def test_qsim_simulator() -> None:
q0, q1, q2 = "q0", "q1", "q2"
circ0 = qf.Circuit()
circ0 += qf.I(q0)
circ0 += qf.H(q0)
circ0 += qf.Z(q1)
circ0 += qf.Z(q2)
circ0 += qf.Z(q1)
circ0 += qf.S(q1)
circ0 += qf.T(q2)
circ0 += qf.H(q0)
circ0 += qf.H(q2)
# Waiting for bugfix in qsim
circ0 += qf.Z(q1)**0.2
circ0 += qf.X(q1)**0.2
circ0 += qf.XPow(0.2, q0)
circ0 += qf.YPow(0.2, q1)
circ0 += qf.ZPow(0.5, q2)
circ0 += qf.CZ(q0, q1)
circ0 += qf.CNot(q0, q1)
# circ0 += qf.SWAP(q0, q1) # No SWAP!
# circ0 += qf.ISWAP(q0, q1) # Waiting for bugfix in qsim
circ0 += qf.FSim(0.1, 0.2, q0, q1)
# No 3-qubit gates
# Initial state not yet supported in qsim
# ket0 = qf.random_state([q0, q1, q2])
ket1 = circ0.run()
sim = QSimSimulator(circ0)
ket2 = sim.run()
assert ket1.qubits == ket2.qubits
print("QF", ket1)
print("QS", ket2)
assert qf.states_close(ket1, ket2)
assert qf.states_close(circ0.run(), sim.run())
def test_hadamard():
gate = qf.I()
gate = qf.RZ(pi / 2, 0) @ gate
gate = qf.RX(pi / 2, 0) @ gate
gate = qf.RZ(pi / 2, 0) @ gate
res = qf.asarray(qf.inner_product(gate.vec, qf.H().vec))
assert abs(res) / 2 == ALMOST_ONE
