def __setstate__(self, d):
"""
TESTS::
sage: f = Family([3,4,7], lambda i: 2*i, hidden_keys=[2])
sage: d = f.__getstate__()
sage: f = Family([4,5,6], lambda i: 2*i, hidden_keys=[2])
sage: f.__setstate__(d)
sage: f.keys()
[3, 4, 7]
sage: f[3]
6
"""
hidden_function = d['hidden_function']
if isinstance(hidden_function, str):
# Let's assume that hidden_function is an unpickled function.
from sage.misc.fpickle import unpickle_function
hidden_function = unpickle_function(hidden_function)
self.__init__(d['dictionary'], d['hidden_keys'], hidden_function)
self.hidden_dictionary = d['hidden_dictionary']
# Old pickles from before trac #22955 may not have a 'keys'
if 'keys' in d:
self._keys = d['keys']
else:
self._keys = None
def __setstate__(self, d):
"""
TESTS::
sage: f = Family([3,4,7], lambda i: 2*i, hidden_keys=[2])
sage: d = f.__getstate__()
sage: f = Family([4,5,6], lambda i: 2*i, hidden_keys=[2])
sage: f.__setstate__(d)
sage: f.keys()
[3, 4, 7]
sage: f[3]
6
"""
hidden_function = d['hidden_function']
if isinstance(hidden_function, str):
# Let's assume that hidden_function is an unpickled function.
from sage.misc.fpickle import unpickle_function
hidden_function = unpickle_function(hidden_function)
self.__init__(d['dictionary'], d['hidden_keys'], hidden_function)
self.hidden_dictionary = d['hidden_dictionary']
# Old pickles from before trac #22955 may not have a 'keys'
if 'keys' in d:
self._keys = d['keys']
else:
self._keys = None
def _make_lazy_string(ftype, fpickle, args, kwargs):
"""
Used for pickling.
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.misc.lazy_string import _make_lazy_string
sage: s = _make_lazy_string(None, lambda: "laziness", (), {})
sage: s
l'laziness'
"""
if ftype == 'func':
from sage.misc.fpickle import unpickle_function
f = unpickle_function(fpickle)
else:
f = fpickle
return _LazyString(f, args, kwargs)
def _make_lazy_string(ftype, fpickle, args, kwargs):
"""
Used for pickling.
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.misc.lazy_string import _make_lazy_string
sage: s = _make_lazy_string(None, lambda: "laziness", (), {})
sage: s
l'laziness'
"""
if ftype == 'func':
from sage.misc.fpickle import unpickle_function
f = unpickle_function(fpickle)
else:
f = fpickle
return _LazyString(f, args, kwargs)
def __setstate__(self, d):
"""
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.sets.family import LazyFamily
sage: f = LazyFamily([3,4,7], lambda i: 2*i)
sage: d = f.__getstate__()
sage: f = LazyFamily([4,5,6], lambda i: 2*i)
sage: f.__setstate__(d)
sage: f.keys()
[3, 4, 7]
sage: f[3]
6
"""
function = d['function']
if isinstance(function, str):
# Let's assume that function is an unpickled function.
from sage.misc.fpickle import unpickle_function
function = unpickle_function(function)
self.__init__(d['set'], function)
def __setstate__(self, d):
"""
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.sets.family import LazyFamily
sage: f = LazyFamily([3,4,7], lambda i: 2*i)
sage: d = f.__getstate__()
sage: f = LazyFamily([4,5,6], lambda i: 2*i)
sage: f.__setstate__(d)
sage: f.keys()
[3, 4, 7]
sage: f[3]
6
"""
function = d['function']
if isinstance(function, str):
# Let's assume that function is an unpickled function.
from sage.misc.fpickle import unpickle_function
function = unpickle_function(function)
self.__init__(d['set'], function)
def _construct_word(self, data=None, length=None, datatype=None, caching=True):
r"""
Construct a word.
INPUT:
- ``data`` - (default: None) list, string, tuple, iterator, None
(shorthand for []), or a callable defined on [0,1,...,length].
- ``length`` - (default: None) This is dependent on the type of data.
It is ignored for words defined by lists, strings, tuples,
etc., because they have a naturally defined length.
For callables, this defines the domain of definition,
which is assumed to be [0, 1, 2, ..., length-1].
For iterators: Infinity if you know the iterator will not
terminate (default); "unknown" if you do not know whether the
iterator terminates; "finite" if you know that the iterator
terminates, but do know know the length.
- ``datatype`` - (default: None) None, "list", "str", "tuple", "iter",
"callable". If None, then the function
tries to guess this from the data.
- ``caching`` - (default: True) True or False. Whether to keep a cache
of the letters computed by an iterator or callable.
.. note::
Be careful when defining words using callables and iterators. It
appears that islice does not pickle correctly causing various errors
when reloading. Also, most iterators do not support copying and
should not support pickling by extension.
EXAMPLES:
Empty word::
sage: Words()._construct_word()
word:
Word with string::
sage: Words()._construct_word("abbabaab")
word: abbabaab
Word with string constructed from other types::
sage: Words()._construct_word([0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1], datatype="str")
word: 01101001
sage: Words()._construct_word((0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1), datatype="str")
word: 01101001
Word with list::
sage: Words()._construct_word([0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1])
word: 01101001
Word with list constructed from other types::
sage: Words()._construct_word("01101001", datatype="list")
word: 01101001
sage: Words()._construct_word((0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1), datatype="list")
word: 01101001
Word with tuple::
sage: Words()._construct_word((0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1))
word: 01101001
Word with tuple constructed from other types::
sage: Words()._construct_word([0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1], datatype="tuple")
word: 01101001
sage: Words()._construct_word("01101001", datatype="str")
word: 01101001
Word with iterator::
sage: from itertools import count
sage: Words()._construct_word(count())
word: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,...
sage: Words()._construct_word(iter("abbabaab")) # iterators default to infinite words
word: abbabaab
sage: Words()._construct_word(iter("abbabaab"), length="unknown")
word: abbabaab
sage: Words()._construct_word(iter("abbabaab"), length="finite")
word: abbabaab
Word with function (a 'callable')::
sage: f = lambda n : add(Integer(n).digits(2)) % 2
sage: Words()._construct_word(f)
word: 0110100110010110100101100110100110010110...
sage: Words()._construct_word(f, length=8)
word: 01101001
Word over a string with a parent::
sage: w = Words('abc')._construct_word("abbabaab"); w
word: abbabaab
sage: w.parent()
Words over {'a', 'b', 'c'}
The default parent is the combinatorial class of all words::
sage: w = Words()._construct_word("abbabaab"); w
word: abbabaab
sage: w.parent()
Words
Creation of a word from a word::
sage: Words([0,1,2,3])(Words([2,3])([2,2,2,3,3,2]))
word: 222332
sage: _.parent()
Words over {0, 1, 2, 3}
::
sage: Words([3,2,1])(Words([2,3])([2,2,2,3,3,2]))
word: 222332
sage: _.parent()
Words over {3, 2, 1}
Construction of a word from a word when the parents are the same::
sage: W = Words()
sage: w = W(range(8))
sage: z = W(w)
sage: w is z
True
Construction of a word path from a finite word::
sage: W = Words('abcd')
sage: P = WordPaths('abcd')
sage: w = W('aaab')
sage: P(w)
Path: aaab
Construction of a word path from a Christoffel word::
sage: w = words.ChristoffelWord(5,8)
sage: w
word: 0010010100101
sage: P = WordPaths([0,1,2,3])
sage: P(w)
Path: 0010010100101
Construction of a word represented by a list from a word
represented by a str ::
sage: w = Word('ababbbabab')
sage: type(w)
<class 'sage.combinat.words.word.FiniteWord_str'>
sage: z = Word(w, datatype='list')
sage: type(z)
<class 'sage.combinat.words.word.FiniteWord_list'>
sage: y = Word(w, alphabet='abc', datatype='list')
sage: type(y)
<class 'sage.combinat.words.word.FiniteWord_list'>
Creation of a word from a concatenation of words::
sage: W = Words()
sage: w = W() * W('a')
sage: Z = Words('ab')
sage: Z(w)
word: a
Creation of a word path from a FiniteWord_iter::
sage: w = words.FibonacciWord()
sage: f = w[:100]
sage: P = WordPaths([0,1,2,3])
sage: p = P(f); p
Path: 0100101001001010010100100101001001010010...
sage: p.length()
100
Creation of a word path from a FiniteWord_callable::
sage: g = Word(lambda n:n%2, length = 100)
sage: P = WordPaths([0,1,2,3])
sage: p = P(g); p
Path: 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101...
sage: p.length()
100
Creation of a word from a pickled function::
sage: f = lambda n : n % 10
sage: from sage.misc.fpickle import pickle_function
sage: s = pickle_function(f)
sage: Word(s, datatype='pickled_function')
word: 0123456789012345678901234567890123456789...
"""
from sage.combinat.words.abstract_word import Word_class
from sage.combinat.words.word_infinite_datatypes import WordDatatype_callable, WordDatatype_iter
from sage.combinat.words.word_datatypes import WordDatatype
if isinstance(data, Word_class):
####################
# If `data` is already a word and if its parent is self,
# then return `data` (no matter what the parameter length,
# datatype and length are).
###########################
if data.parent() is self:
return data
###########################
# Otherwise, if self is not the parent of `data`, then we
# try to recover the data, the length and the datatype of the
# input `data`
###########################
if isinstance(data, WordDatatype_callable):
from sage.combinat.words.finite_word import CallableFromListOfWords
if isinstance(data._func, CallableFromListOfWords):
# The following line is important because, in this case,
# data._func is also a tuple (indeed
# CallableFromListOfWords inherits from tuple)
datatype = "callable"
if length is None:
length = data._len
data = data._func
elif isinstance(data, WordDatatype_iter):
if length is None:
length = data._len
data = iter(data)
elif isinstance(data, WordDatatype):
data = data._data
else:
raise TypeError, "Any instance of Word_class must be an instance of WordDatatype."
if data is None:
data = []
# Guess the datatype if it is not given.
if datatype is None:
if isinstance(data, (list, CombinatorialObject)):
datatype = "list"
elif isinstance(data, (str)):
datatype = "str"
elif isinstance(data, tuple):
datatype = "tuple"
elif callable(data):
datatype = "callable"
elif hasattr(data,"__iter__"):
datatype = "iter"
else:
raise ValueError, "Cannot guess a datatype from data (=%s); please specify one"%data
else:
# type check the datatypes
if datatype == "iter" and not hasattr(data, "__iter__"):
raise ValueError, "Your data is not iterable"
elif datatype == "callable" and not callable(data):
raise ValueError, "Your data is not callable"
elif datatype not in ("list", "tuple", "str",
"callable", "iter", "pickled_function"):
raise ValueError, "Unknown datatype (=%s)" % datatype
# If `data` is a pickled_function, restore the function
if datatype == 'pickled_function':
from sage.misc.fpickle import unpickle_function
data = unpickle_function(data)
datatype = 'callable'
# Construct the word class and keywords
if datatype in ('list','str','tuple'):
cls_str = 'FiniteWord_%s'%datatype
kwds = dict(parent=self,data=data)
elif datatype == 'callable':
if length in (None, Infinity, 'infinite'):
cls_str = 'InfiniteWord_callable'
else:
cls_str = 'FiniteWord_callable'
if caching:
cls_str += '_with_caching'
kwds = dict(parent=self,callable=data,length=length)
elif datatype == 'iter':
if length in (None, Infinity, 'infinite'):
cls_str = 'InfiniteWord_iter'
elif length == 'finite':
cls_str = 'FiniteWord_iter'
elif length == 'unknown':
cls_str = 'Word_iter'
elif length in ZZ and length >= 0:
cls_str = 'FiniteWord_iter'
else:
raise ValueError, "not a correct value for length (%s)" % length
if caching:
cls_str += '_with_caching'
kwds = dict(parent=self,iter=data,length=length)
else:
raise ValueError, "Not known datatype"
wordclass = self._element_classes
cls = wordclass[cls_str]
w = cls(**kwds)
return w
def _construct_word(self,
data=None,
length=None,
datatype=None,
caching=True):
r"""
Construct a word.
INPUT:
- ``data`` - (default: None) list, string, tuple, iterator, None
(shorthand for []), or a callable defined on [0,1,...,length].
- ``length`` - (default: None) This is dependent on the type of data.
It is ignored for words defined by lists, strings, tuples,
etc., because they have a naturally defined length.
For callables, this defines the domain of definition,
which is assumed to be [0, 1, 2, ..., length-1].
For iterators: Infinity if you know the iterator will not
terminate (default); "unknown" if you do not know whether the
iterator terminates; "finite" if you know that the iterator
terminates, but do know know the length.
- ``datatype`` - (default: None) None, "list", "str", "tuple", "iter",
"callable". If None, then the function
tries to guess this from the data.
- ``caching`` - (default: True) True or False. Whether to keep a cache
of the letters computed by an iterator or callable.
.. note::
Be careful when defining words using callables and iterators. It
appears that islice does not pickle correctly causing various errors
when reloading. Also, most iterators do not support copying and
should not support pickling by extension.
EXAMPLES:
Empty word::
sage: Words()._construct_word()
word:
Word with string::
sage: Words()._construct_word("abbabaab")
word: abbabaab
Word with string constructed from other types::
sage: Words()._construct_word([0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1], datatype="str")
word: 01101001
sage: Words()._construct_word((0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1), datatype="str")
word: 01101001
Word with list::
sage: Words()._construct_word([0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1])
word: 01101001
Word with list constructed from other types::
sage: Words()._construct_word("01101001", datatype="list")
word: 01101001
sage: Words()._construct_word((0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1), datatype="list")
word: 01101001
Word with tuple::
sage: Words()._construct_word((0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1))
word: 01101001
Word with tuple constructed from other types::
sage: Words()._construct_word([0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1], datatype="tuple")
word: 01101001
sage: Words()._construct_word("01101001", datatype="str")
word: 01101001
Word with iterator::
sage: from itertools import count
sage: Words()._construct_word(count())
word: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,...
sage: Words()._construct_word(iter("abbabaab")) # iterators default to infinite words
word: abbabaab
sage: Words()._construct_word(iter("abbabaab"), length="unknown")
word: abbabaab
sage: Words()._construct_word(iter("abbabaab"), length="finite")
word: abbabaab
Word with function (a 'callable')::
sage: f = lambda n : add(Integer(n).digits(2)) % 2
sage: Words()._construct_word(f)
word: 0110100110010110100101100110100110010110...
sage: Words()._construct_word(f, length=8)
word: 01101001
Word over a string with a parent::
sage: w = Words('abc')._construct_word("abbabaab"); w
word: abbabaab
sage: w.parent()
Words over {'a', 'b', 'c'}
The default parent is the combinatorial class of all words::
sage: w = Words()._construct_word("abbabaab"); w
word: abbabaab
sage: w.parent()
Words
Creation of a word from a word::
sage: Words([0,1,2,3])(Words([2,3])([2,2,2,3,3,2]))
word: 222332
sage: _.parent()
Words over {0, 1, 2, 3}
::
sage: Words([3,2,1])(Words([2,3])([2,2,2,3,3,2]))
word: 222332
sage: _.parent()
Words over {3, 2, 1}
Construction of a word from a word when the parents are the same::
sage: W = Words()
sage: w = W(range(8))
sage: z = W(w)
sage: w is z
True
Construction of a word path from a finite word::
sage: W = Words('abcd')
sage: P = WordPaths('abcd')
sage: w = W('aaab')
sage: P(w)
Path: aaab
Construction of a word path from a Christoffel word::
sage: w = words.ChristoffelWord(5,8)
sage: w
word: 0010010100101
sage: P = WordPaths([0,1,2,3])
sage: P(w)
Path: 0010010100101
Construction of a word represented by a list from a word
represented by a str ::
sage: w = Word('ababbbabab')
sage: type(w)
<class 'sage.combinat.words.word.FiniteWord_str'>
sage: z = Word(w, datatype='list')
sage: type(z)
<class 'sage.combinat.words.word.FiniteWord_list'>
sage: y = Word(w, alphabet='abc', datatype='list')
sage: type(y)
<class 'sage.combinat.words.word.FiniteWord_list'>
Creation of a word from a concatenation of words::
sage: W = Words()
sage: w = W() * W('a')
sage: Z = Words('ab')
sage: Z(w)
word: a
Creation of a word path from a FiniteWord_iter::
sage: w = words.FibonacciWord()
sage: f = w[:100]
sage: P = WordPaths([0,1,2,3])
sage: p = P(f); p
Path: 0100101001001010010100100101001001010010...
sage: p.length()
100
Creation of a word path from a FiniteWord_callable::
sage: g = Word(lambda n:n%2, length = 100)
sage: P = WordPaths([0,1,2,3])
sage: p = P(g); p
Path: 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101...
sage: p.length()
100
Creation of a word from a pickled function::
sage: f = lambda n : n % 10
sage: from sage.misc.fpickle import pickle_function
sage: s = pickle_function(f)
sage: Word(s, datatype='pickled_function')
word: 0123456789012345678901234567890123456789...
"""
from sage.combinat.words.abstract_word import Word_class
from sage.combinat.words.word_infinite_datatypes import WordDatatype_callable, WordDatatype_iter
from sage.combinat.words.word_datatypes import WordDatatype
if isinstance(data, Word_class):
####################
# If `data` is already a word and if its parent is self,
# then return `data` (no matter what the parameter length,
# datatype and length are).
###########################
if data.parent() is self:
return data
###########################
# Otherwise, if self is not the parent of `data`, then we
# try to recover the data, the length and the datatype of the
# input `data`
###########################
if isinstance(data, WordDatatype_callable):
from sage.combinat.words.finite_word import CallableFromListOfWords
if isinstance(data._func, CallableFromListOfWords):
# The following line is important because, in this case,
# data._func is also a tuple (indeed
# CallableFromListOfWords inherits from tuple)
datatype = "callable"
if length is None:
length = data._len
data = data._func
elif isinstance(data, WordDatatype_iter):
if length is None:
length = data._len
data = iter(data)
elif isinstance(data, WordDatatype):
data = data._data
else:
raise TypeError, "Any instance of Word_class must be an instance of WordDatatype."
if data is None:
data = []
# Guess the datatype if it is not given.
if datatype is None:
if isinstance(data, (list, CombinatorialObject)):
datatype = "list"
elif isinstance(data, (str)):
datatype = "str"
elif isinstance(data, tuple):
datatype = "tuple"
elif callable(data):
datatype = "callable"
elif hasattr(data, "__iter__"):
datatype = "iter"
else:
raise ValueError, "Cannot guess a datatype from data (=%s); please specify one" % data
else:
# type check the datatypes
if datatype == "iter" and not hasattr(data, "__iter__"):
raise ValueError, "Your data is not iterable"
elif datatype == "callable" and not callable(data):
raise ValueError, "Your data is not callable"
elif datatype not in ("list", "tuple", "str", "callable", "iter",
"pickled_function"):
raise ValueError, "Unknown datatype (=%s)" % datatype
# If `data` is a pickled_function, restore the function
if datatype == 'pickled_function':
from sage.misc.fpickle import unpickle_function
data = unpickle_function(data)
datatype = 'callable'
# Construct the word class and keywords
if datatype in ('list', 'str', 'tuple'):
cls_str = 'FiniteWord_%s' % datatype
kwds = dict(parent=self, data=data)
elif datatype == 'callable':
if length in (None, Infinity, 'infinite'):
cls_str = 'InfiniteWord_callable'
else:
cls_str = 'FiniteWord_callable'
if caching:
cls_str += '_with_caching'
kwds = dict(parent=self, callable=data, length=length)
elif datatype == 'iter':
if length in (None, Infinity, 'infinite'):
cls_str = 'InfiniteWord_iter'
elif length == 'finite':
cls_str = 'FiniteWord_iter'
elif length == 'unknown':
cls_str = 'Word_iter'
elif length in ZZ and length >= 0:
cls_str = 'FiniteWord_iter'
else:
raise ValueError, "not a correct value for length (%s)" % length
if caching:
cls_str += '_with_caching'
kwds = dict(parent=self, iter=data, length=length)
else:
raise ValueError, "Not known datatype"
wordclass = self._element_classes
cls = wordclass[cls_str]
w = cls(**kwds)
return w